CN106253735A - Charging and the step inverter of brake energy recovery is driven for electric automobile - Google Patents
Charging and the step inverter of brake energy recovery is driven for electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN106253735A CN106253735A CN201610835283.0A CN201610835283A CN106253735A CN 106253735 A CN106253735 A CN 106253735A CN 201610835283 A CN201610835283 A CN 201610835283A CN 106253735 A CN106253735 A CN 106253735A
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- inversion unit
- step inverter
- inverter
- electric automobile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile.It is characterized in that: step inverter uses three kinds of different H bridges composition inversion unit bridges, and inversion unit bridge includes main inversion unit and two auxiliary inversion unit；Three kinds of different H bridges share a direct voltage source, and different H bridges produces the voltage of different amplitude, and the voltage of different amplitudes is by the sinusoidal wave form of the transformator synthesis approximation of series connection.The step inverter of the present invention is obtained near sinusoidal alternating current wave driven motor by the voltage of the different amplitude of synthesis, and can be by motor-driven function, and car battery charge function and brake energy reclaim function and share on same parts.This step inverter is in parallel with super capacitor, can be greatly improved the speed of discharge and recharge, improves electric automobile brake and energy regenerating effect thereof, increases the startup power of electric automobile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile.
Background technology
The unidirectional current that existing AC inverter used for electric vehicle utilizes accumulator to export is converted into three by inverter and intersects
Stream electricity output drives automobile to motor, and its control uses PWM, control signal frequency height to disturb greatly to external world mostly,
Additionally the aberration rate of inverter output waveforms is the biggest, it is most important that inverter switching device loss is big.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide and drive charging for electric automobile and stop
The technical scheme of the step inverter of car energy regenerating, utilizing the step inverter with new topological structure is near by DC inversion
As AC sine waveform drive threephase motor thus towing motorcar moves ahead or falls back；And it is double to utilize step inverter to have
To the characteristic of current direction, accumulator is charged；And when brake, motor can become generator operation pattern and produce
Brake torque, at this moment step inverter will give accumulator and super capacitor charging, namely gives storage by the energy of braking automobile
Store away.
The described step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile, it is characterised in that: step
Inverter uses three kinds of different H bridges composition inversion unit bridges, and inversion unit bridge includes that main inversion unit and two auxiliary are inverse
Become unit；
Three kinds of different H bridges share a direct voltage source, and different H bridges produces the voltage of different amplitude, the electricity of different amplitudes
Press the sinusoidal wave form that the transformator synthesis by series connection approximates；
Single-phase or three-phase step inverter by the described inversion unit bridging order phase of three kinds of different rated values or three-phase different around
Group ratio, the transformator composition of different capabilities, one of them inversion unit bridge is main inversion unit, two other auxiliary inversion unit
It is the first auxiliary inversion unit and the second auxiliary inversion unit respectively；The output of main inversion unit power accounts for 80%, the first auxiliary inversion
Unit and the output of the second auxiliary inversion cell power account for 16% and 3% respectively；
Step inverter can be by changing its output frequency of angle adjustment of H bridge pulse, it is possible to is driven by frequency conversion and changes
Become the rotating speed of ac motor.
The described step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile, it is characterised in that described master
The voltage waveform of inversion unit and the first auxiliary inversion unit and the output of the second auxiliary inversion unit is by different in width difference number
The pulse composition of amount, if the amplitude of minimum inversion unit output voltage is 1, the most main inversion unit and the first auxiliary inversion unit
It is 1+3+9=13 with the summation of the second auxiliary inversion unit output voltage, and the amplitude of each waveform is respectively relative to total amplitude
1/13,3/13 and 9/13, amplitude can be plus or minus；
The voltage export ratio of the different H bridges in step inverter is 1:3:9, and the ratio of the output voltage amplitude of each H bridge is divided
It not 1/13,3/13,9/13；Minimum triggered time t is determined by formula below:, f is inverter
Frequency, the triggered time of each pulse can change into 1/13 corresponding multiple by above formula by 1/13 and draw.
The described step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile, it is characterised in that described ladder
The electronic power switch of rank inverter uses IGBT module, and each IGBT module includes 2 IGBT, every 2 IGBT module composition
One H bridge, the emitter stage of 2 IGBT module of each H bridge is connected, and colelctor electrode one end of 2 IGBT module of each H bridge connects
Main inversion unit or one end of two auxiliary inversion unit transformers, the colelctor electrode other end of 2 IGBT module of each H bridge is even
Receiving main inversion unit or the other end of two auxiliary inversion unit transformers, the base stage of each IGBT connects control letter respectively
Number；
Single-phase step inverter includes 6 IGBT module, and 2 IGBT module of its main inversion unit are the 80% of rated power；Two
Each 2 IGBT module of individual auxiliary inversion unit, respectively the 16% and 3% of rated power；
Three-phase step inverter includes 18 IGBT module, and 6 IGBT module of its main inversion unit are the 80% of rated power；
Two each 6 IGBT module of auxiliary inversion unit, respectively the 16% and 3% of rated power.
The described step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile, it is characterised in that described ladder
Rank inverter is connected by battery management system direct current main circuit with the accumulator on electric automobile, and step inverter passes through three-phase
Permutator is connected with motor and external charge power supply respectively, and step inverter is also by battery management system direct current main circuit
It is arranged in parallel super capacitor.
The described step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile, it is characterised in that described ladder
Rank inverter has bi-directional current flow characteristic, and when electric automobile is in driving condition, accumulator is connected by step inverter
The stator winding of motor, the unidirectional current of accumulator output controls to be converted into alternating current by step inverter positive operation and exports
To motor, motor operation towing vehicle moves ahead, or makes vehicle reverse by phase-change switch；
When electric automobile needs charging, available step inverter reverse operating controls to be changed by alternating current by external charge power supply
Unidirectional current is become to export accumulator；
If the output frequency of step inverter is less than the rotational frequency of its motor driven, motor is changing to electromotor fortune
Row mode, at this moment step inverter will charge a battery；
The characteristic utilizing step inverter commutation that motor can be made to reverse, can make motor stall immediately.
The described step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile, it is characterised in that described ladder
Rank inverter can use open loop frequency to control to may be used without closed loop frequency control.
The described step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile, it is characterised in that described ladder
The amplitude of the inversion unit of rank inverter and two auxiliary inversion unit outputs is by DC voltage control, the number of harmonic distortion
Value keeps constant.
The described step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile, it is characterised in that described ladder
Rank inverter includes microprocessor, drive circuit, IGBT module and testing circuit, testing circuit detection DC circuit and motor
Operational factor also delivers to microprocessor, and microprocessor outputs a control signal to drive circuit, and drive circuit controls IGBT module；Micro-
Processor includes Common Control Circuit and H bridge control circuit.
The step inverter of the present invention has used three kinds of different H bridge type unit to constitute main inversion unit and two kinds of auxiliary
Inversion unit；Three kinds of H bridges share a direct voltage source, and different H bridges produces the voltage of different amplitudes, and these voltages exist
The secondary side of the different transformators of series connection carries out adding and subtracting multiplication superposition, the sinusoidal wave form that synthesis approximates very much, therefore its output waveform
Aberration rate the least.Additionally because the frequency of its output waveform main component is close to city's frequency, and account for the part that output composition is the least
Its frequency is several times of city's frequency only, therefore its switching loss is the least.Because output frequency is not the highest, therefore its control signal frequency
Rate is without the highest, so step inverter disturbs the most little to external world.
The step inverter of the present invention has the characteristic that bidirectional current flows to, and utilizes this characteristic, and step inverter is storing
When battery needs charging, disconnect and achieve that the charging to accumulator with access charge power supply after the coupling of motor.So i.e.
Save special charging device, in turn simplify the structure of electric automobile and reduce cost.
When running car, if the output frequency of step inverter is less than the rotational frequency of motor, motor will become
For generator operation pattern and produce brake torque, at this moment step inverter will charge a battery, and is namely stopped by automobile
The energy of car is stored.Brake is the fundamental need of car steering, but is intended to consume multi-energy, if can be by Brake Energy
Amount recovery is got up, significant.Step inverter coordinates further with super capacitor, and the brake organic efficiency of electric automobile can be non-
Chang Gao, and the starting power of vehicle can be improved.It addition, the characteristic utilizing step inverter commutation that motor can be made to reverse, can allow
Motor stall immediately, this is very effective for electric automobile brake in case of emergency, and is avoided brake locking phenomenon.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that step inverter drives charging and brake energy recovery system schematic diagram for electric automobile；
Fig. 2 is single-phase step inverter structure figure；
Fig. 3 is 27 grades of step inverter basic circuit diagrams of three-phase；
Fig. 4-1 is the voltage waveform of main inversion unit output；
Fig. 4-2 is the voltage waveform of the first auxiliary inversion unit output；
Fig. 4-3 is the voltage waveform of the second auxiliary inversion unit output；
Fig. 5 is the Open-loop Control Principles figure of an IGBT switch；
Fig. 6 is the control principle drawing of first H bridge；
Fig. 7 is the output waveform of single-phase step inverter；
Fig. 8 is the output waveform of three-phase step inverter；
Fig. 9 is the control program flow diagram of three-phase step inverter；
Figure 10 is the line chart that three-phase step inverter is connected with each parts in electric automobile is applied；
In figure: 1-step inverter, 2-accumulator, 3-three-phase change-over switch, 4-motor, 5-external charge power supply, 6-is super
Electric capacity, 7-battery management system direct current main circuit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the invention will be further described:
The present invention drives charging and the step inverter of brake energy recovery for electric automobile, and step inverter uses three kinds
Different H bridge composition inversion unit bridges, inversion unit bridge includes main inversion unit and two auxiliary inversion unit.
Three kinds of different H bridges share a direct voltage source, and different H bridges produces the voltage of different amplitude, different amplitudes
Voltage by series connection transformator synthesis approximation sinusoidal wave form.
Single-phase or three-phase step inverter is by the described inversion unit bridging order phase of three kinds of different rated values or three-phase not
Same ratio of winding, the transformator composition of different capabilities, one of them inversion unit bridge is main inversion unit, two other auxiliary inversion
Unit is the first auxiliary inversion unit and the second auxiliary inversion unit respectively；The output of main inversion unit power accounts for 80%, the first auxiliary
Inversion unit and the output of the second auxiliary inversion cell power account for 16% and 3% respectively.
Step inverter can be by changing its output frequency of angle adjustment of H bridge pulse, thus it can pass through frequency conversion
Driving and change the rotating speed of ac motor, ac motor includes asynchronous motor or permasyn morot here, changes
Yan Zhi, step inverter is a kind of novel frequency conversion motor driving means.
The electronic power switch of step inverter uses IGBT module, and each IGBT module includes 2 IGBT, every 2
IGBT module one H bridge of composition, the emitter stage of 2 IGBT module of each H bridge is connected, the collection of 2 IGBT module of each H bridge
Electrode one end connects main inversion unit or one end of two auxiliary inversion unit transformers, the collection of 2 IGBT module of each H bridge
The electrode other end is connected to main inversion unit or the other end of two auxiliary inversion unit transformers, and the base stage of each IGBT is respectively
Connection control signal.
Single-phase step inverter includes 6 IGBT module, and 2 IGBT module of its main inversion unit are rated power
80%；Two each 2 IGBT module of auxiliary inversion unit, respectively the 16% and 3% of rated power.
Three-phase step inverter includes 18 IGBT module, and 6 IGBT module of its main inversion unit are rated power
80%；Two each 6 IGBT module of auxiliary inversion unit, respectively the 16% and 3% of rated power.
As it is shown in figure 1, step inverter 1 and the accumulator 2 on electric automobile are by battery management system direct current main circuit 7
Connecting, step inverter 1 is connected with motor 4 and external charge power supply 5 respectively by three-phase change-over switch 3, step inverter
It is arranged in parallel super capacitor 6 also by battery management system direct current main circuit 7.
Inversion unit bridge forms single-phase step inverter with single-phase transformer connection, and its circuit diagram is as shown in Figure 2.Three-phase ladder
Rank inverter is connect three-phase transformer by the above-mentioned inversion unit bridging of three kinds of different rated values and forms, and its circuit diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
According to the needs of different voltages, main inversion unit transformator can save, i.e. main inversion unit transformator shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
Short circuit between secondary.
When electric automobile is in driving condition, accumulator output unidirectional current controls to turn by step inverter positive operation
Changing three-phase alternating current into and export motor, motor operation thus towing motorcar move ahead, if by three-phase alternating current commutation, motor reversal
Car reversed.
When electric automobile needs charging, outside three-phase alternating current is input to step inversion by three permutatoies
Device, controls to be converted into unidirectional current by step inverter reverse operating and is charged accumulator, at this moment, and step inverter and electricity
Motivation connects disconnection.
When electric automobile is in braking state, the output frequency of step inverter is less than the rotational frequency of motor, electricity
Motivation is changing to generator operation pattern and produces brake torque.At this moment step inverter will charge a battery, the most just
It is to storing by the energy of braking automobile.Circuit accesses super capacitor, braking efficiency can be improved, and improve electric power storage
The charge condition in pond, also can improve the starting power of electric automobile.
The number of phases of the coil windings of above-mentioned motor is 3.
Above-mentioned step inverter has used three kinds of different H bridge type unit to constitute main inversion unit and two auxiliary are inverse
Become unit.Three kinds of general direct voltage sources of H bridge, and different H bridges produces the voltage of different amplitudes, these voltages are at string
The secondary side of different transformators of connection carries out adding and subtracting multiplication superposition, the sinusoidal wave form that synthesis approximates very much, therefore its output waveform
Aberration rate is the least.Additionally because the frequency of its output waveform main component is close to city's frequency, and account for the output the least part of composition its
Frequency is several times of city's frequency only, therefore its switching loss is the least.Because output frequency is not the highest, therefore its control signal frequency
Without the highest, so step inverter disturbs the most little to external world.
Voltage waveform such as Fig. 4-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-2 of each inversion unit of step inverter output, shown in 4-3.Main inversion unit with
And first auxiliary inversion unit and the second auxiliary inversion unit output voltage waveform by the pulse group of different in width varying number
Become, if the amplitude of minimum inversion unit output voltage is 1, the most main inversion unit and the first auxiliary inversion unit and the second auxiliary
The summation of inversion unit output voltage is 1+3+9=13, and the amplitude of each waveform is respectively 1/13,3/13 relative to total amplitude
With 9/13, amplitude can be plus or minus.
Owing to the voltage export ratio of the different H bridges in step inverter is 1:3:9, the output voltage amplitude of each H bridge
Ratio be 1/13,3/13,9/13 respectively；Minimum triggered time t is determined by such as following formula (1):
(1),
F is the frequency of inverter, and the triggered time of each pulse can be changed into 1/13 corresponding multiple by above formula by 1/13 and draw.
Three each pulses of inversion unit of step inverter change such as following formula (2) in following angle:
[0° 4.117° 8.8499° 13.3424° 17.9202° 22.6199° 27.4864° 32.5790° 37.9799°
43.8131 ° 50.2849 ° 57.7959 ° 67.3801 °] (2)
Step inverter harmonic level (THD) can be calculated by following formula:
(3)
Wherein, P is the number of minimum switching angle,It is all angles in formula (2), for 27 grades of step inverters, four
In/mono-cycle, P is equal to 13, substitutes into formula (3), and THD result is 4.07%.Width due to the output of step inverter inversion unit
Value is surely by DC voltage control, and no matter what change unidirectional current is pressed with, and the numerical value of THD is to maintain constant, and this is step
The place that inverter is dramatically different with other inverter.
Step inverter can use open loop frequency to control to may be used without closed loop frequency control, its basic Open-loop Control Principles
As shown in Figure 5.For its control circuit of H bridge as shown in Figure 6.Basic control circuit based on step inverter, multiple shape
The control principle of formula is as PID, neuroid, and waiting all can the practical control system of matched formation different characteristics.
Step inverter includes microprocessor, drive circuit, IGBT module and testing circuit, testing circuit detection unidirectional current
Road and motor running parameter also deliver to microprocessor, and microprocessor outputs a control signal to drive circuit, and drive circuit controls
IGBT module；Microprocessor includes Common Control Circuit and H bridge control circuit.The concrete structure of each circuit above-mentioned is existing skill
Art, does not repeats them here.
As shown in Figure 3.Here Common Control Circuit gives the frequency signal that different H bridge offer is identical, and different H bridges controls
And drive circuit then provides control and driving according to the topological structure of step inverter to IGBT electrical switch.H1 in Fig. 3, H2 and
H3 is the A phase of main inversion unit respectively, B phase, the H-bridge inverter circuit of C phase；H4, H5 and H6 are the first auxiliary inversion unit respectively
A phase, B phase, the H-bridge inverter circuit of C phase；H7, H8 and H9 are the A phase of the second auxiliary inversion unit respectively, B phase, the H bridge of C phase
Inverter circuit.Approximate sine wave is through what these nine H-bridge circuit synthesized in three transformators.
Generally, the speed of motor is to be adjusted by the output frequency of increase or reduction step inverter
, its transient process can be described by step inverter mathematical model is presented herein below.
The switch function of all inversion unitsCan be expressed as follows,
Main inversion unit
First auxiliary inversion unit
The new design of three-phase step inverter.
Second auxiliary inversion unit
Here i represents different inversion units, (i=1,2,3), such as main inversion unit, the first auxiliary inversion unit, second auxiliary
Help inversion unit, and j is for different phases, i.e. A phase, B phase and C phase.
For A phase, the switching function of whole inversion units is as shown in table 1:
Table 1: the A phase switch function of step inverter
Similar with A phase, the switch function of the step inverter of B phase and C phase can also be expressed in an identical manner.
For the main inverter of step inverter, transient state loop equation can be expressed as follows:
(4)
Equally, the transient circuit equation of first auxiliary inversion unit can be expressed as:
(5)
Also it is the same for the second auxiliary inversion unit:
(6)
A new equation can be obtained by addition equation (4), (5), (6), as follows
(7)
Wherein:
: the circuital current of inversion unit,
: the circuitous resistance of inversion unit,
: the circuit inductance of inversion unit,
: the ac output voltage of step inverter,
: the output mid-point voltage of step inverter,
: step inverter direct-current voltage,
I represents different inversion units, (i=1,2,3), such as main inversion unit, the first auxiliary inversion unit, the second auxiliary inversion
Unit,
J is different phase, i.e. A phase, B phase and C phase.
Above step inverter is simulated by MATLAB, and the Trigger Function of each electronic power switch passes through programming
Realize.Waveform such as Fig. 7 that transformator (1:1,1:3,1:9) superposition afterwards by different ratios of single-phase step inverter gets up
Shown in, it can be seen that it is in close proximity to sine wave.Three-phase step inverter ground output waveform such as Fig. 8.
Three-phase step inverter is connect three-phase transformer by the inversion unit bridging of three kinds of different rated values and forms, three kinds of H bridges
A general direct voltage source, and different H bridges produces the voltage of different amplitudes, these voltages are in the different changes of three series connection
The secondary side of depressor carries out adding and subtracting multiplication superposition, the sinusoidal wave form that synthesis approximates very much.Needs according to different voltages and cost
Considering, main inversion unit transformator can save, i.e. short circuit between the secondary of main inversion unit transformator shown in Fig. 3, so
First auxiliary inversion unit transformer no-load voltage ratio is 3:1, and the second auxiliary inversion unit transformer is 9:1.
Control System Design:
What step inverter used is not PWM, but controls there is certain queueing discipline not on three inversion units
Same waveform, then the secondary side of transformator in series connection is overlapped, the sinusoidal wave form that synthesis approximates very much, and this is it is avoided that PWM
Modulator control signal frequency is high, and interference is big to external world, and the aberration rate of output waveform is big, the shortcoming that switching loss is big.
The control that step inverter is most basic is as it is shown in figure 5, its basic function is to control each electrical switch to produce institute
The switch off time interval required.Shown in Fig. 6 is that the control to a H bridge makes it produce certain queueing discipline impulse waveform.
The whole control of step inverter as shown in Fig. 9 flow chart, its basic function be allow main inversion unit and two auxiliary
Help inversion unit to produce the impulse waveform each needed, then control step inverter synthesis approximate sine wave.According to detection electricity
The speed that road is sent here, signal combination PID such as angle, neuron control is theoretical adds feedback control to above-mentioned basic control function.
Accumulator is connected to battery management system BMS, battery management system BMS and is connected with step inverter control unit logical
Letter.In order to step inverter when charging more safe and reliable, the information of outside three-phase alternating-current supply voltage and motor generating
Time voltage step to be input to inverter control unit in, according to different situations determine charging waveform and size of current, make
Charge loss is little, and efficiency is high, and the most quick.
Claims (8)
1. drive charging and the step inverter of brake energy recovery for electric automobile, it is characterised in that: step inverter is adopted
With three kinds of different H bridges composition inversion unit bridges, inversion unit bridge includes main inversion unit and two auxiliary inversion unit；
Three kinds of different H bridges share a direct voltage source, and different H bridges produces the voltage of different amplitude, the electricity of different amplitudes
Press the sinusoidal wave form that the transformator synthesis by series connection approximates；
Single-phase or three-phase step inverter by the described inversion unit bridging order phase of three kinds of different rated values or three-phase different around
Group ratio, the transformator composition of different capabilities, one of them inversion unit bridge is main inversion unit, two other auxiliary inversion unit
It is the first auxiliary inversion unit and the second auxiliary inversion unit respectively；The output of main inversion unit power accounts for 80%, the first auxiliary inversion
Unit and the output of the second auxiliary inversion cell power account for 16% and 3% respectively；
Step inverter can be by changing its output frequency of angle adjustment of H bridge pulse, it is possible to is driven by frequency conversion and changes
Become the rotating speed of ac motor.
The step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be that the voltage waveform of described main inversion unit and the first auxiliary inversion unit and the output of the second auxiliary inversion unit is not by
Form with the pulse of width varying number, if the amplitude of minimum inversion unit output voltage is 1, the most main inversion unit and first
The summation of auxiliary inversion unit and the second auxiliary inversion unit output voltage is 1+3+9=13, and the amplitude of each waveform relative to
Total amplitude is respectively 1/13,3/13 and 9/13, and amplitude can be plus or minus；
The voltage export ratio of the different H bridges in step inverter is 1:3:9, and the ratio of the output voltage amplitude of each H bridge is divided
It not 1/13,3/13,9/13；Minimum triggered time t is determined by formula below:, f is inverter
Frequency, the triggered time of each pulse can change into 1/13 corresponding multiple by above formula by 1/13 and draw.
The step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile the most according to claim 1 and 2, its
Being characterised by that the electronic power switch of described step inverter uses IGBT module, each IGBT module includes 2 IGBT, every 2
Individual IGBT module one H bridge of composition, the emitter stage of 2 IGBT module of each H bridge is connected, 2 IGBT module of each H bridge
Colelctor electrode one end connects main inversion unit or one end of two auxiliary inversion unit transformers, 2 IGBT module of each H bridge
The colelctor electrode other end is connected to main inversion unit or the other end of two auxiliary inversion unit transformers, and the base stage of each IGBT is divided
Other connection control signal；
Single-phase step inverter includes 6 IGBT module, and 2 IGBT module of its main inversion unit are the 80% of rated power；Two
Each 2 IGBT module of individual auxiliary inversion unit, respectively the 16% and 3% of rated power；
Three-phase step inverter includes 18 IGBT module, and 6 IGBT module of its main inversion unit are the 80% of rated power；
Two each 6 IGBT module of auxiliary inversion unit, respectively the 16% and 3% of rated power.
The step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levying and be that described step inverter is connected by battery management system direct current main circuit with the accumulator on electric automobile, step is inverse
Becoming device to be connected with motor and external charge power supply respectively by three-phase change-over switch, step inverter is also by battery management system
System direct current main circuit is arranged in parallel super capacitor.
The step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile the most according to claim 4, it is special
Levying and be that described step inverter has bi-directional current flow characteristic, when electric automobile is in driving condition, accumulator is by ladder
Rank inverter connects the stator winding of motor, and the unidirectional current of accumulator output controls conversion by step inverter positive operation
Becoming alternating current to export motor, motor operation towing vehicle moves ahead, or makes vehicle reverse by phase-change switch；
When electric automobile needs charging, available step inverter reverse operating controls to be changed by alternating current by external charge power supply
Unidirectional current is become to export accumulator；
If the output frequency of step inverter is less than the rotational frequency of its motor driven, motor is changing to electromotor fortune
Row mode, at this moment step inverter will charge a battery；
The characteristic utilizing step inverter commutation that motor can be made to reverse, can make motor stall immediately.
The step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be that described step inverter can use open loop frequency to control to may be used without closed loop frequency control.
The step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile the most according to claim 2, it is special
Levy and be that the inversion unit of described step inverter and the amplitude of two auxiliary inversion unit outputs are by DC voltage control,
The numerical value of harmonic distortion keeps constant.
The step inverter driving charging and brake energy to reclaim for electric automobile the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be that described step inverter includes microprocessor, drive circuit, IGBT module and testing circuit, testing circuit detection direct current
Circuit and motor running parameter also deliver to microprocessor, and microprocessor outputs a control signal to drive circuit, drive circuit control
IGBT module processed；Microprocessor includes Common Control Circuit and H bridge control circuit.
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| CN106253735B (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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