CN106252715A - A kind of high-temperature electrolyte of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

A kind of high-temperature electrolyte of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106252715A
CN106252715A CN201610871831.5A CN201610871831A CN106252715A CN 106252715 A CN106252715 A CN 106252715A CN 201610871831 A CN201610871831 A CN 201610871831A CN 106252715 A CN106252715 A CN 106252715A
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lithium
additive
ion battery
lithium ion
temperature electrolyte
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CN201610871831.5A
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Inventor
吴小兰
王光俊
陈炜
邢军龙
张宏立
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Hefei Gotion High Tech Power Energy Co Ltd
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Hefei Guoxuan High Tech Power Energy Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610871831.5A priority Critical patent/CN106252715A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides the high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery, including organic solvent, lithium salt mixture and additive, described solvent is containing volume fraction 0～40% cyclic carbonate and to contain volume fraction 60～the mix reagent of 100% linear carbonate, described lithium salt mixture be the molar concentration containing lithium be the mixture of lithium hexafluoro phosphate and the new lithium salts of 1.0mol/L～1.4 mol/L, described additive be mass concentration be the film for additive of 0～3%, or mass concentration be 0～3% film for additive in be added with mass concentration be 0～2.0% except water deacidify additive.The high temperature cyclic performance of lithium ion battery prepared by the high-temperature electrolyte that the present invention provides is effectively improved.

Description

A kind of high-temperature electrolyte of lithium ion battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, the high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery.
Background technology
During high-nickel material is applied to batteries of electric automobile in recent years, but the lifting of Ni content allows the safest Ternary material heat stability become more uncontrollable.NCM Yu LMFP recombination energy is effectively promoted battery security, but LMFP Itself there is electronic conductivity, ion spreads problem that is low and that affected by Jahn-Taller, and the cycle performance of material own is relatively Difference, especially under high-temperature condition, Mn dissolution exacerbates material decay.Nickelic ternary itself is as the increasing of Ni constituent content Being susceptible to cation mixing, meanwhile, nickelic ternary is easier to react with water and CO2 in the case of a high temperature, causes battery producing gas Impact circulation.And power battery pack is in actual use, even if there being the management and control of BMS, module temperature rise also tend to reach 50 DEG C with On, 55 DEG C of cycle lives of current composite are less than 500 weeks, the most how to promote battery cycle life in the case of a high temperature Become very important problem.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve battery cycle life problem in the case of a high temperature, the invention provides the height of a kind of lithium ion battery Temperature electrolyte, including organic solvent and additive, it is characterised in that: also including lithium salt mixture, described lithium salt mixture is for containing The molar concentration of lithium is the lithium hexafluoro phosphate mixture with new lithium salts of 1.0mol/L～1.4mol/L.
Preferably, described new lithium salts includes di-oxalate lithium borate (LiBOB), LiBF4 (LiBF4) double fluoroform At least one in alkane sulfimide lithium (LiTFSI), difluoro lithium sulfimide (LiFSI).
Preferably, described organic solvent is containing volume fraction 0～40% cyclic carbonate and to contain volume fraction 60～100% The mix reagent of linear carbonate.
Preferably, described cyclic carbonate includes Allyl carbonate (PC) or ethylene carbonate (EC).
Preferably, described linear carbonate includes dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) or carbonic acid first Base ethyl ester (EMC).
By the two or more mixing in above-mentioned solvent, the mixed solvent that composition boiling point is higher, show when high temperature circulation Preferably stability.
Preferably, described additive be mass concentration be the film for additive of 0～3%.
Preferably, described film for additive is LiODFB (LiODFB), vinylene carbonate (VC) or the third sulphur Two kinds of combinations of acid lactone (PS).
Preferably, described additive be mass concentration be 0～3% film for additive in be added with mass concentration be 0～ 2.0% except water deacidify additive.
Preferably, described except water deacidification additive be succinonitrile (SN) or adiponitrile (ADN), it can water under sour environment Solution becomes amide, shows certain moisture removal ability, again due to-CN key can with metallic ion coordination, weaken cathode metal from The son Oxidation to electrolyte, simultaneously complexation HF acid, thus show certain acid scavenging capacity.
Lithium ion battery prepared by the high-temperature electrolyte using the present invention to also provide for, its preparation process is:
Prepared by electrolyte: volume fraction 0～40% cyclic carbonate and volume fraction 60～100% linear carbonate mixed Close reagent according to fixed volume than mix homogeneously after, add containing the lithium hexafluoro phosphate of 1.0mol/L～1.4mol/L and Novel lithium The mixture of salt, then to put into mass concentration be 0～the film for additive of 3% and mass concentration are 0～2.0% add except water deacidification Add agent, stand-by after mix homogeneously.
Prepared by anode: with methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent, be completely dissolved the polyvinylidene fluoride obtaining 1～3.5% Alkene (PVDF) solution, addition 1～the CNT high speed dispersion of 3.5%, it is then mixed into the anode composite active matter of 93～98% Matter, using coating machine even application after fully closing slurry is on 12～18 μm aluminium foils at thickness, drying, roll-in, cut after, just make Pole pole piece, slurry viscosity: 6000～8000mPa.S, positive pole applicator surface density 340～430g/m2(two-sided).
Prepared by battery cathode: with deionized water as solvent, is completely dispersed the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) obtaining 1～3% After, it is mixed into 1～the acetylene black of 2% and 92～the negative electrode active material Delanium of 97%, the most again with 1～the butylbenzene rubber of 3% Glue (SBR) mixed pulp, being then coated in thickness is on 8～12 μm Copper Foils, baking, roll-in, cut after make cathode pole piece, slurry Material viscosity: 3000～5000mPa.S, negative pole applicator surface density 190～240g/m2(two-sided).
Prepared by battery: according to required positive/negative plate size, with barrier film, both positive and negative polarity isolation is wound into battery core, then two electricity Core Laser Welding after linking shell, inject the high-temperature electrolyte of the present invention.Described barrier film is coated separator, and at PE, (or PP/PE is multiple Close) matrix two sides coated with ceramic (Al2O3Or SiO2), after at surface ceramii layer coating PVDF glue or water system AFL glue, composition is total Thickness is 12～20 μm.
Described battery can be aluminum hull, box hat or moulds shell material, battery capacity 10～60Ah.
With LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4To this as a example by the preparation of the lithium ion battery of composite positive pole Invention is further described, and wherein keeps positive and negative pole material identical with the preparation process of lithium ion battery, relatively different electrolysis The liquid impact on lithium ion battery at high temperature cycle-index.
The electrolyte of comparative example: solvent EC, EMC, DMC, after volume ratio 1:1:1 mix homogeneously, adds 1.2mol/L LiPF6, then put into the VC additive of 2%wt.
The electrolyte 1 that the present invention provides: solvent EC, EMC, DMC, after volume ratio 1:1:1 mix homogeneously, addition contains The LiPF of 1.0mol/L6With the LiFSI of 0.2mol/L, then put into 2%wt VC, 0.5%wt LiODFB film for additive and The AND of 0.5%wt is except water deacidification additive.
The electrolyte 2 that the present invention provides: solvent EC, EMC, DMC, after volume ratio 3:3:4 mix homogeneously, addition contains The LiPF of 1.0mol/L6With the LiFSI of 0.2mol/L, then put into the LiODFB film for additive of the PS, 0.5%wt of 2%wt, mixed Close rear stand-by.
The electrolyte 3 that the present invention provides: solvent EC, EMC, DEC, after volume ratio 1:1:1 mix homogeneously, addition contains The LiPF of 1.0mol/L6With the LiFSI of 0.2mol/L, then put into the LiODFB film for additive of the VC, 0.5%wt of 2%wt, mixed Close rear stand-by.
Above-mentioned different electrolyte is respectively prepared the identical only electricity of other parameters according to the preparation process of identical lithium battery Solve the different model lithium battery that liquid is different, respectively its performance is tested.Wherein lithium ion battery uses takeup type structure, system It is made the square aluminum housing battery of 38Ah.Wherein make battery high-temperature cycle battery and be incubated 5h at calorstat, after 1C charges to 4.2V Constant voltage to electric current reaches 0.05C and terminates, static 1h, constant-current discharge to 3.0V.Other test parameters are all with reference to GB/T 31484- 2015 " power accumulator cycle life used for electric vehicle requires and test method ".
Test result see table and accompanying drawing 1.
By the Data Comparison in the test curve of accompanying drawing 1 and above table it can be seen that use that the present invention provides Lithium ion battery prepared by the high-temperature electrolyte of kind of lithium ion battery compared with lithium ion battery prepared by prior art electrolyte, It was promoted to 800 weeks at 55 DEG C of high temperature cyclic performances from 460 weeks.
The high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery that the present invention provides, is formed by cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate are mixed The mix reagent that boiling point is higher, shows more preferable stability when high temperature circulation；Simultaneously by tradition lithium salts lithium hexafluoro phosphate with New lithium salts is used in mixed way；Adding except water deacidification additive in film for additive, it can be hydrolyzed into amide under sour environment, Show certain moisture removal ability, simultaneously complexation HF acid, thus show certain acid scavenging capacity, reduce composite positive pole In the case of a high temperature with water and CO2Reaction.Lithium ion battery prepared by the high-temperature electrolyte using the present invention to provide is by real Checking its high temperature cyclic performance real is effectively improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description of hereafter preferred implementation, various other advantage and benefit common for this area Technical staff will be clear from understanding.Accompanying drawing is only used for illustrating the purpose of preferred implementation, and is not considered as the present invention Restriction.And in whole accompanying drawing, it is denoted by the same reference numerals identical parts.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the lithium ion battery of present invention loop test curve under 55 DEG C of high temperature.
Detailed description of the invention
It is more fully described the illustrative embodiments of the disclosure below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although accompanying drawing shows these public affairs The illustrative embodiments opened, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the disclosure and the reality that should not illustrated here The mode of executing is limited.On the contrary, it is provided that these embodiments are able to be best understood from the disclosure, and can be by these public affairs What the scope opened was complete conveys to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment one
Prepared by electrolyte: solvent EC, EMC, DMC, after volume ratio 1:1:1 mix homogeneously, adds containing 1.0mol/L LiPF6With the LiFSI of 0.2mol/L, then put into the LiODFB film for additive of the VC, 0.5%wt of 2%wt and 0.5%wt AND is except water deacidification additive, stand-by after mix homogeneously.
Embodiment two
Prepared by electrolyte: solvent EC, EMC, DMC, after volume ratio 3:3:4 mix homogeneously, adds containing 1.0mol/L LiPF6With the LiFSI of 0.2mol/L, then put into the LiODFB film for additive of the PS, 0.5%wt of 2%wt, after mix homogeneously Stand-by.
Embodiment three
Prepared by electrolyte: solvent EC, EMC, DEC, after volume ratio 1:1:1 mix homogeneously, adds containing 1.0mol/L LiPF6With the LiFSI of 0.2mol/L, then put into the LiODFB film for additive of the VC, 0.5%wt of 2%wt, after mix homogeneously Stand-by.
Embodiment four
Prepared by electrolyte: solvent PC, EMC, DEC, and after volume ratio 0.1:2.9:7 mix homogeneously, addition contains The LiPF of 1.0mol/L6With the LiBOB of 0.4mol/L, then put into the LiODFB film for additive and 2% of the PS, 2%wt of 1%wt The SN of wt is except water deacidification additive, stand-by after mix homogeneously.
Embodiment five
Prepared by electrolyte: solvent PC, EMC, DEC, after volume ratio 2:3:3 mix homogeneously, adds containing 0.8mol/L LiPF6, the LiBF of 0.1mol/L4With the LiTFSI of 0.1mol/L, then the VC film forming putting into the PS, 0.1%wt of 0.1%wt adds The SN adding agent and 0.1%wt removes water deacidification additive, stand-by after mix homogeneously.
In accordance with the following steps, above-mentioned comparative example electrolyte and embodiment one～three electrolyte are respectively prepared other parameter phases With the different model lithium battery that only electrolyte is different, respectively its performance is tested.
Prepared by anode: with methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent, be completely dissolved the Kynoar obtaining 3% (PVDF) solution, adds the CNT high speed dispersion of 3%, is then mixed into the composite cathode active material of 94%, fully closes slurry Rear use coating machine even application is on 15 μm aluminium foils at thickness, drying, roll-in, cut after, make anode pole piece, slurry glue Degree: 7000mPa.S, positive pole applicator surface density 380g/m2(two-sided).
Prepared by battery cathode: with deionized water as solvent, after being completely dispersed the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) obtaining 2%, mixed Enter the acetylene black of 2% and the negative electrode active material Delanium of 94%, the most again with 2% butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) mixed pulp, Then being coated in thickness is on 10 μm Copper Foils, baking, roll-in, cut after make cathode pole piece, slurry viscosity: 4000mPa.S, negative Pole applicator surface density 196g/m2(two-sided).
Prepared by battery: according to required positive/negative plate size, with barrier film, both positive and negative polarity isolation is wound into battery core, then two electricity Core Laser Welding after linking shell, inject above-mentioned electrolyte.Described barrier film is coated separator, applies Al on PE matrix two sides2O3Pottery Porcelain, after surface ceramii layer apply PVDF glue, composition gross thickness be 16 μm.
Test result is shown in accompanying drawing 1, it can be seen that use the high-temperature electrolyte system of a kind of lithium ion battery of present invention offer Standby lithium ion battery compared with lithium ion battery prepared by prior art electrolyte, its at 55 DEG C of high temperature cyclic performances from 460 It is promoted to 800 weeks week.
The above, the only present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope that the invention discloses, the change that can readily occur in or replacement, All should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention answers the described protection model with claim Enclose and be as the criterion.

Claims (9)

1. a high-temperature electrolyte for lithium ion battery, including organic solvent and additive, it is characterised in that: also include that lithium salts mixes Compound, described lithium salt mixture be the molar concentration containing lithium be 1.0mol/L～the lithium hexafluoro phosphate of 1.4 mol/L and Novel lithium The mixture of salt.
The high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described new lithium salts includes At least one in di-oxalate lithium borate, LiBF4, double trifluoromethanesulfonimide lithium or difluoro lithium sulfimide.
The high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described organic solvent is for containing Volume fraction 0～40% cyclic carbonate and containing volume fraction 60～the mix reagent of 100% linear carbonate.
The high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described cyclic carbonate bag Include Allyl carbonate or ethylene carbonate.
The high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described linear carbonate bag Include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or methyl ethyl ester.
The high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described additive is quality Concentration is the film for additive of 0～3%.
The high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery the most as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: described film for additive is Any two kinds of combinations in LiODFB, vinylene carbonate or propane sultone.
The high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described additive is quality Concentration be 0～3% film for additive in be added with mass concentration be 0～2.0% except water deacidify additive.
The high-temperature electrolyte of a kind of lithium ion battery the most as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that: described except water deacidification interpolation Agent is succinonitrile or adiponitrile.
CN201610871831.5A 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 A kind of high-temperature electrolyte of lithium ion battery Pending CN106252715A (en)

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CN107093766A (en) * 2017-04-28 2017-08-25 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes
CN108134134A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-06-08 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, electrolyte, lithium ion battery
CN109962291A (en) * 2017-12-25 2019-07-02 成都市银隆新能源有限公司 A kind of electrolyte and preparation method thereof of the wide temperature range for lithium ion battery
CN110168797A (en) * 2017-03-17 2019-08-23 株式会社Lg化学 For the electrolyte of lithium secondary battery and including the lithium secondary battery of electrolyte
CN110752408A (en) * 2019-11-01 2020-02-04 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 Electrolyte, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN110970662A (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery
WO2022089127A1 (en) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-05 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery

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CN105703007A (en) * 2016-03-30 2016-06-22 珠海市赛纬电子材料股份有限公司 Non-aqueous electrolyte for high-voltage rapid-charging type lithium ion battery
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CN110168797A (en) * 2017-03-17 2019-08-23 株式会社Lg化学 For the electrolyte of lithium secondary battery and including the lithium secondary battery of electrolyte
CN107093766A (en) * 2017-04-28 2017-08-25 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes
CN107093766B (en) * 2017-04-28 2020-01-14 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 Lithium ion battery electrolyte
CN108134134A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-06-08 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive, electrolyte, lithium ion battery
CN108134134B (en) * 2017-12-11 2020-04-10 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN109962291A (en) * 2017-12-25 2019-07-02 成都市银隆新能源有限公司 A kind of electrolyte and preparation method thereof of the wide temperature range for lithium ion battery
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CN110970662B (en) * 2018-09-28 2021-09-21 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN110752408A (en) * 2019-11-01 2020-02-04 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 Electrolyte, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
WO2022089127A1 (en) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-05 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery

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Application publication date: 20161221