CN106252673B - A kind of preparation method of the Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst based on natural plants tissue - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst based on natural plants tissue Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst based on natural plants tissue, it is after crushing natural plants tissue, hydrothermal carbonization, low temperature freeze-drying, it is adulterated under an inert atmosphere in 700~1000 DEG C of progress high-temperature roastings, products therefrom and source of iron, low temperature is lyophilized again, the porous carbon materials oxygen reduction catalyst of iron N doping is made by above step for high-temperature roasting.The performance of catalytic oxygen reduction reaction is suitable with 20%Pt/C catalyst under alkaline condition for the catalyst, but cost is but lower than platinum based catalyst, can be widely applied to fuel cell and metal-air battery manufacturing field.
Description
Technical field
The preparation method of the present invention relates to a kind of Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst based on natural plants tissue,
Belong to electrocatalysis material preparation field.
Background technique
In face of the energy crisis of globalization, the new energy materials for pursuing clean and effective become people's urgent need.By
In the process that the reaction of fuel in a fuel cell and oxygen is burnt not by one but pass through a mild electrification
Process, transformation efficiency are not limited by Carnot law, have the characteristics that efficiently and it is reusable, fuel cell becomes
Increasingly have a potential energy conversion devices.However, multielectron transfer process, slow dynamic process, higher mistake
Potential restricts the efficiency of fuel battery negative pole redox reactions.Therefore the efficiency for improving redox reactions on cathode, seeks
Look for efficient oxygen reduction catalyst imperative.
Currently, more commonly used oxygen reduction catalyst is the platinum based catalyst that carbon material is carrier, but platinum based catalyst
With at high cost, unstable, methanol tolerance poisons the disadvantages of ability is poor, seriously constrains its large-scale application.Therefore it finds
A kind of low platinum content either non-precious metal catalyst will have very big application prospect.Currently, nitrogenous carbon-supported transitional metal (Fe,
Co etc.) effect that poisons of the good stability of catalyst hydrogen reduction catalytic effect with higher and methanol tolerance has wide work
Industry application prospect.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of Fe-N/C based on natural plants tissue
The preparation method of oxygen reduction reaction catalyst.Catalyst hydrogen reduction catalytic performance with higher, good stability and anti-
Methanol poisons effect and at low cost, and preparation method simply can be widely applied to be mass produced.
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the present invention provides a kind of preparation sides of Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) it after crushing natural plants tissue, is mixed in reaction kettle with distilled water, hydrothermal carbonization, after freeze-drying,
It is placed in nitrogen atmosphere, high-temperature roasting, obtains the carbon material of N doping；
(2) carbon material of N doping obtained by step (1) is mixed well with molysite, distilled water, stirs, is freeze-dried, nitrogen
High-temperature roasting under gas atmosphere.
In the above method, in the water heating kettle of step (1), mass ratio≤1/10 of natural plants tissue and water.
The wherein condition of step (1) hydrothermal carbonization are as follows: 120~250 DEG C of temperature, 8~16h of time.
Preferably, the temperature of hydrothermal carbonization is 180 DEG C.
Preferably, it is at least one to be selected from mulberry leaf, corncob, dandelion and argy wormwood for natural plants tissue described in step (1).
The freeze-drying condition of step (1) and step (2) is -10 DEG C~-50 DEG C of temperature, and the time is 8~12h.
Preferably, the temperature of freeze-drying is -50 DEG C.
Preferably, the freeze-drying of step (1) and step (2) is carried out in vacuum refrigerating machine.
Step (1) and step (2) high-temperature roasting condition are that temperature is 700~1000 DEG C, and the time is 1~3h.
Preferably, high-temperature roasting condition is 800-900 DEG C.
Molysite described in step (2) is at least one of iron chloride, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate.
Mass ratio≤1/50 of the carbon material of the molysite and N doping.
Mass ratio≤1/40 of the carbon material of the distilled water and N doping.
The high-temperature roasting stage of step (1) and step (2), heating rate are 2~5 DEG C/min.
The present invention provides the catalyst that the above method is prepared.
The catalyst that the above method of the invention is prepared comprising C, N, O and Fe element；Wherein, the matter of each element
Measure degree are as follows: C 50%~80%, N 1%~4%, O 15%~35%, Fe 4%~7%.
The present invention also provides application of the above-mentioned catalyst in battery manufacture.
The battery is fuel cell or metal-air battery.
The Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst of preferred scheme, preparation includes C, N, O and Fe element；Wherein, each element
Mass percentage content are as follows: C 50~80%, N 1~4%, O 15~35%, Fe 4~7%.
Compared with the prior art, technical solution of the present invention bring advantageous effects:
1, preparation method of the invention is raw material using natural plants tissue, pollution-free, at low cost, prepares simple, item
Part is easily-controllable, is expected to industrialized large-scale production；And overcome existing nitrogenous carbon-supported transitional metal (Fe, Co etc.) catalyst
Preparation process is complicated, the disadvantages of condition is harsh.
2, in Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction composite catalyst preparation process of the invention, using freeze-drying method, favorably
Porous structure is generated in catalyst, increases specific surface area and mass-transfer efficiency, promotes the promotion of oxygen reduction performance.
3, Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst prepared by the present invention has high oxygen reduction catalytic activity in alkaline medium,
Its stability and methanol tolerance poison ability better than 20%Pt/C, are expected to substitute traditional Pt noble metal catalyst.
Detailed description of the invention
The 0.1M KOH electrolysis that Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst sample made from embodiment 1 is saturated in oxygen in Fig. 1
Oxygen reduction reaction cyclic voltammogram in liquid.
Fig. 2 is the SEM that two figure of A, B is Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst made from embodiment 2 under different amplification
Shape appearance figure, pattern are porous nano-carbon material.
Fig. 3 is the 0.1M KOH electrolysis that Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst sample made from embodiment 2 is saturated in oxygen
Oxygen reduction reaction cyclic voltammogram in liquid.
Fig. 4 is the catalyst sample EDX elemental analysis figure that embodiment 2 is prepared.
Fig. 5 is the 0.1M KOH electrolyte that Fe-N/C oxygen original catalysts sample made from embodiment 3 is saturated in oxygen
In oxygen reduction reaction cyclic voltammogram.
Fig. 6 is the 0.1M KOH electrolysis that Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst sample made from embodiment 2 is saturated in oxygen
Oxygen reduction reaction rotating ring disk electrode (r.r.d.e) polarization curve in liquid.
Fig. 7 is Fe-N/C catalyst sample made from embodiment 2 and the 20%Pt/C catalyst of comparative example in oxygen
Chronoamperogram in the 0.1M KOH+0.3M methanol electrolysis liquid of saturation.
Fig. 8 is full in oxygen for the catalyst sample being prepared of embodiment 2 and the 20%Pt/C catalyst of comparative example
Oxygen reduction reaction chrono-amperometric in the 0.1M KOH electrolyte of sum compares figure.
Fig. 9 is the 0.1M KOH electricity that Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst sample made from embodiment 7~9 is saturated in oxygen
Solve the oxygen reduction reaction cyclic voltammogram in liquid.
Specific embodiment
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter and the normally understood meaning of those skilled in the art
It is identical.Technical term used herein is intended merely to the purpose of description specific embodiment, is not intended to the limitation present invention
Protection scope.
Except there is a special instruction, the various reagents used in the present invention, raw material be can commodity commercially or
Person can the product as made from well known method.
The preparation (1) of 1 Fe-N/C catalyst of embodiment
Smashed mulberry leaf 10g adds deionized water 60mL in the hydrothermal reaction kettle of 100mL, reacts 10h at 180 DEG C,
At being -50 DEG C in temperature after 12h is lyophilized in vacuum freeze-drying machine, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, 800 are warming up to 4 DEG C/min
DEG C heat treatment 2h, products therefrom be N doping material.
The carbon material of resulting 150mg N doping is added into 10mL deionized water, 3mg FeCl312h, temperature are stirred at room temperature
It is to be freeze-dried 12h again at -50 DEG C, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, 800 DEG C of heat treatment 2h is warming up to 4 DEG C/min, are obtained
Fe-N/C catalyst.See Fig. 1.
The preparation (2) of 2 Fe-N/C catalyst of embodiment
Smashed mulberry leaf 10g adds deionized water 60mL in the reaction kettle of 100mL, and 10h, temperature are reacted at 180 DEG C
It is under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, to be warming up at 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min at -50 DEG C after 12h is lyophilized in vacuum freeze-drying machine
2h is managed, products therefrom is the material of N doping.
The carbon material of the resulting 150mg N doping of step 1 is added into 10mL deionized water, 3mg FeCl3It stirs at room temperature
12h, temperature is to be freeze-dried 12h again at -50 DEG C, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up at 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min
2h is managed, Fe-N/C catalyst is obtained.The SEM shape appearance figure of catalyst sample is shown in Fig. 2, the oxygen reduction cyclic voltammetric of catalyst sample
Figure is shown in that Fig. 3, the EDX elemental analysis figure of catalyst sample are shown in Fig. 4.
1 Fe-N-C-850 constituent content of table
The preparation (3) of 3 Fe-N/C catalyst of embodiment
Smashed mulberry leaf 10g adds deionized water 60mL in the reaction kettle of 100mL, and 10h, temperature are reacted at 180 DEG C
It is under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, to be warming up at 900 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min at -50 DEG C after 12h is lyophilized in vacuum freeze-drying machine
2h is managed, products therefrom is the material of N doping.
The carbon material of the resulting 150mg N doping of step 1 is added into 10mL deionized water, 3mg FeCl3It stirs at room temperature
12h, temperature is to be freeze-dried 12h again at -50 DEG C, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up at 900 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min
2h is managed, Fe-N/C catalyst is obtained.
The preparation (4) of 4 Fe-N/C catalyst of embodiment
Smashed mulberry leaf 10g adds deionized water 60mL in the reaction kettle of 100mL, and 10h, temperature are reacted at 180 DEG C
It is under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, to be warming up at 800 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min at -50 DEG C after 12h is lyophilized in vacuum freeze-drying machine
2h is managed, products therefrom is the material of N doping
The carbon material of the resulting 150mg N doping of step 1 is added into 10mL deionized water, 2mg FeCl3It stirs at room temperature
12h, temperature is to be freeze-dried 12h again at -50 DEG C, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up at 800 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min
2h is managed, Fe-N/C catalyst is obtained.
The preparation (5) of 5 Fe-N/C catalyst of embodiment
Smashed mulberry leaf 10g adds deionized water 60mL in the reaction kettle of 100mL, and 10h, temperature are reacted at 180 DEG C
It is under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, to be warming up at 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min at -50 DEG C after 12h is lyophilized in vacuum freeze-drying machine
2h is managed, products therefrom is the material of N doping
The carbon material of the resulting 150mg N doping of step 1 is added into 10mL deionized water, 2mg FeCl3It stirs at room temperature
12h, temperature is to be freeze-dried 12h again at -50 DEG C, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up at 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min
2h is managed, Fe-N/C catalyst is obtained.
The preparation (6) of 6 Fe-N/C catalyst of embodiment
Smashed mulberry leaf 10g adds deionized water 60mL in the reaction kettle of 100mL, and 10h, temperature are reacted at 180 DEG C
It is under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, to be warming up at 900 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min at -50 DEG C after 12h is lyophilized in vacuum freeze-drying machine
2h is managed, products therefrom is the material of N doping
2): the carbon material of the resulting 150mg N doping of step 1 is added into 10mL deionized water, 2mg FeCl3It stirs at room temperature
12h, temperature is to be freeze-dried 12h again at -50 DEG C, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up at 900 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min
2h is managed, Fe-N/C catalyst is obtained.
The preparation (7) of 7 Fe-N/C catalyst of embodiment
Smashed corncob 10g adds deionized water 60mL in the reaction kettle of 100mL, and 10h is reacted at 180 DEG C, temperature
Degree is after 12h is lyophilized in vacuum freeze-drying machine, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up to 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min at -50 DEG C
2h is handled, products therefrom is the material of N doping
2): the carbon material of the resulting 150mg N doping of step 1 is added into 10mL deionized water, 3mg FeCl3It stirs at room temperature
12h, temperature is to be freeze-dried 12h again at -50 DEG C, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up at 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min
2h is managed, Fe-N/C catalyst is obtained.
The preparation (8) of 8 Fe-N/C catalyst of embodiment
Smashed dandelion 10g adds deionized water 60mL in the reaction kettle of 100mL, and 10h is reacted at 180 DEG C, temperature
Degree is after 12h is lyophilized in vacuum freeze-drying machine, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up to 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min at -50 DEG C
2h is handled, products therefrom is the material of N doping
2): the carbon material of the resulting 150mg N doping of step 1 is added into 10mL deionized water, 3mg FeCl3It stirs at room temperature
12h, temperature is to be freeze-dried 12h again at -50 DEG C, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up at 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min
2h is managed, Fe-N/C catalyst is obtained.
The preparation (9) of 9 Fe-N/C catalyst of embodiment
Smashed wormwood 10g adds deionized water 60mL in the reaction kettle of 100mL, and 10h, temperature are reacted at 180 DEG C
It is under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, to be warming up at 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min at -50 DEG C after 12h is lyophilized in vacuum freeze-drying machine
2h is managed, products therefrom is the material of N doping
2): the carbon material of the resulting 150mg N doping of step 1 is added into 10mL deionized water, 3mg FeCl3It stirs at room temperature
12h, temperature is to be freeze-dried 12h again at -50 DEG C, under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, is warming up at 850 DEG C of heat with 4 DEG C/min
2h is managed, Fe-N/C catalyst is obtained.
The Fe-N/C catalyst produced by the present invention of embodiment 10 and 20%Pt/C commercial catalyst (Alfa Aesar) are right
Than.
Oxygen of the Fe-N/C catalyst sample that Examples 1 to 3 is prepared in the 0.1M KOH electrolyte that oxygen is saturated
Reduction reaction cyclic voltammogram is shown in Fig. 1,3,5.When temperature is 800 DEG C, the take-off potential of Fe-N/C catalyst is -0.05V, temperature
The take-off potential of Fe-N/C catalyst is -0.1V when being 900 DEG C, however the take-off potential that temperature is 850 DEG C of Fe-N/C be -
0.04V, the take-off potential than the Fe-N/C catalyst at a temperature of the first two have shuffled 0.01V and 0.06V respectively.At 800 DEG C
The reduction spike potential of the hydrogen reduction of Fe-N/C is -0.22V, the reduction spike potential of the hydrogen reduction of the Fe-N/C at 900 DEG C is -
0.27V, and the reduction spike potential of the hydrogen reduction of 850 DEG C of Fe-N/C is -0.18V, than the Fe-N/C catalysis at a temperature of the first two
The reduction potential of agent has shuffled 0.04V and 0.08V respectively, it can be seen that the Fe-N/C at 850 DEG C compares the first two temperature, and oxygen is also
Originality can have greatly improved.
The oxygen reduction reaction of Fe-N/C catalyst sample prepared by embodiment 2 in the 0.1M KOH electrolyte that oxygen is saturated
Rotating ring disk electrode (r.r.d.e) polarization curve, having the electron transfer number of Fe-N/C catalyst known to figure is 3.8, and hydrogen peroxide yield is
9%, it is the oxygen reduction process of a 4 close electronics, sees Fig. 6.
Fe-N/C catalyst sample and 20%Pt/C prepared by embodiment 2 is in the 0.1M KOH electrolyte that oxygen is saturated
Methanol poisons experiment, and the methanol solution of chrono-amperometric technology addition 3M in system in 300s is taken in this experiment.Experiment preparation
Fe-N/C catalyst have the effect of that better methanol tolerance poisons compared to 20%Pt/C catalyst.As a result see Fig. 7.
In the 0.1M KOH electrolyte of Fe-N/C catalyst sample and 20%Pt/C oxygen saturation prepared by embodiment 2
Stability experiment.The stabilization of Fe-N/C catalyst sample and 20%Pt/C prepared by embodiment 2 is measured by chrono-amperometric technology
Property, the Opposed Current of 20%Pt/C catalyst has dropped 36%, Fe-N/C catalyst Opposed Current and has dropped after 3000s
22%, the Fe-N/C catalyst for testing preparation has better stability compared to 20%Pt/C Pt/C catalyst.As a result see Fig. 8.
The oxygen reduction reaction cyclic voltammogram of Fe-N/C catalyst sample prepared by embodiment 7~9, is shown in Fig. 9.
Above embodiment be only preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described, not to the scope of the present invention into
Row limits, and without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, this field ordinary engineering and technical personnel is to technical side of the invention
The all variations and modifications that case is made, should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of preparation method of the Fe-N/C oxygen reduction reaction catalyst based on natural plants tissue, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
(1) it after crushing natural plants tissue, is mixed in reaction kettle with distilled water, hydrothermal carbonization, after freeze-drying, is placed in
In nitrogen atmosphere, high-temperature roasting obtains the carbon material of N doping；Wherein, the natural plants tissue is mulberry leaf, natural plants group
Knit mass ratio≤1/10 with water；The condition of the hydrothermal carbonization are as follows: 120~250 DEG C of temperature, 8~16 h of time；
(2) carbon material of N doping obtained by step (1) is mixed well with molysite, distilled water, stirs, is freeze-dried, nitrogen gas
High-temperature roasting under atmosphere；The mass ratio of the carbon material of the molysite and N doping is 2/150 ~ 1/50, the distilled water and nitrogen
Mass ratio≤1/40 of the carbon material of doping；
The freeze-drying condition of step (1) and step (2) is -10 DEG C~-50 DEG C of temperature, and the time is 8~12 h；
Step (1) and step (2) high-temperature roasting condition are that temperature is 850 DEG C, and the time is 1~3 h.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: molysite described in step (2) is iron chloride, sulfuric acid
At least one of iron, ferric nitrate.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the high-temperature roasting stage of step (1) and step (2),
Heating rate is 2~5 DEG C/min.
4. the catalyst that described in any item preparation methods are prepared according to claim 1~3.
5. catalyst according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the catalyst includes C, N, O and Fe element；Wherein, respectively
The mass percentage content of element are as follows: C 50%~80%, N 1%~4%, O 15%~35%, Fe 4%~7%.
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| CN106532071B (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-05-31 | 浙江师范大学 | A method of preparing N doped graphene package cementite elctro-catalyst |
| CN107170994A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-09-15 | 首都师范大学 | A kind of Fe N doping porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst |
| CN107761128B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-12-03 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of FeNiNC electrode material, preparation method and applications |
| CN108539213A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-14 | 广州大学 | A kind of corncob catalyst, the preparation method and microbiological fuel cell of Catalytic Layer |
| CN109037713A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆大学 | The preparation method of Novel iron N doping mesoporous biological carbon oxygen reduction catalyst |
| CN108927185B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2021-08-31 | 临沂大学 | Oxygen reduction catalyst of heteroatom-doped carbon nanotube-loaded iron phosphide nanoparticles and preparation method thereof |
| CN109004241B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2021-05-14 | 南京大学连云港高新技术研究院 | Preparation method of iron-nitrogen-graphite carbon material |
| CN109560288B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2022-03-18 | 济南大学 | High-activity oxygen reduction catalyst, preparation method and application |
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