CN106251393A - A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample - Google Patents
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, including the ray trace stage；Photon tracking phase；Photon eliminates the stage；Render imaging session: travel through colored spots, photon in the range of the photon search radius of inquiry colored spots and in light subgraph, utilize colored spots that the contribution parameters of screen space calculates the contribution color of colored spots, and contribution color is returned to screen space render image with formation；Photon renders iteration: reduce the photon search radius scope of colored spots, repeats photon tracking phase to rendering imaging session, until it reaches the iteration render times of setting, rendering after image adds up of all formation is averaging, obtains final rendering image.The present invention has easily enforcement, and method is simple, the feature that blue noise attribute is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to graphics Realistic Rendering field, be specifically related to a kind of gradual photon eliminated based on sample and reflect
Penetrate optimization method.
Background technology
Photon Mapping algorithm is the one of global illumination algorithm, and the rendering effect being mainly used to realize sense of reality reaches photo
Rank render picture quality (Photorealistic Rendering).Pursuing real rendering of photo level picture quality is
Most crucial a kind of technology of video display brake field, referred to as Realistic Rendering at present.Realistic Rendering can make three-dimensional video display move
Unrestrained works are the most true to nature, show the verity effect as actual life.Mainly including of Realistic Rendering is complete
Office's illumination algorithm, the key technology such as Specially Effect Simulation.Global illumination algorithm achieves the radiation response not only rendering light source to object,
Also render luminous energy communication effect between object and object, caustic, ambient occlusion etc. excessive including color.
Gradual Photon Mapping algorithm [Progressive photon mapping] is that the Photon Mapping of a kind of optimization is calculated
Method, is divided into successive ignition to obtain gradual rendering effect by photon is rendered, and solves the storage during photon renders with inclined
Difference problem.The first step is the ray tracing stage, from video camera, launches light by screen space in scene, follows the trail of light
Line and the intersection point of scene, record these intersection points and the contribution parameters to screen space, and these intersection points are also referred to as colored spots.Then
Carry out the iteration phase that photon renders.Each rendering all over photon is divided into photon to launch pretreatment stage and two rank of photon collection
Section.
Existing Photon Mapping algorithm needs to launch guarantee rendering accuracy by large-scale photon, follows the tracks of at photon
Stage and rendering stage are required for bigger system and perform time and memory space expense, make computational efficiency relatively low.And selecting
Launching a number of photon when rendering, the collection number of photon can affect rendering effect.The value collecting number at photon
Time less, because there is noise in the random distribution of photon, and when the value collecting number of photon is bigger in edge feature meeting
The problems such as deviation occur.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the noise problem that existing Photon Mapping algorithm occurs due to random transmitting and the bounce-back of photon,
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample is provided.The present invention can speed up gradual Photon Mapping, excellent
Change rendering effect.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, including:
Step one, ray trace stage: follow the trail of the intersection point of light and scene, record these intersection points and the tribute to screen space
Offer parameter；Wherein, these intersection points are colored spots；
Step 2, photon tracking phase: the light source from scene, launch photon and carry out forward photon tracking, and
The photon of the diffuse-reflectance body surface in scene is stored in light subgraph, light subgraph builds a KD-tree；
Step 3, photon eliminate the stage: calculate the elimination weight of each photon in KD-tree, carry out structure according to eliminating weight
Build raft, filter out and eliminate the photon that weight is maximum, eliminate the maximum photon of current elimination weight and update disappearing of its neighbours
Except weight, updating raft, screening eliminates the maximum photon of weight and eliminates and update again, eliminates until reaching to set
Photon number；
Step 4, render imaging session: traversal colored spots, light subgraph is inquired about the photon search radius scope of colored spots
In photon, utilize colored spots to the contribution parameters of screen space to calculate the contribution color of colored spots, and contribution color returned
Image is rendered to be formed back to screen space；
Step 5, photon render iteration: reduce the photon search radius scope of colored spots, repeat step 2 to step 4,
Until reaching the iteration render times set, rendering after image adds up of all formation being averaging, obtains final rendering image.
In described step one ray trace phase process, from video camera, in scene, launch light by screen space
Line.
In described step one ray trace phase process, when light intersects with diffuse-reflectance surface, in store color dot and right
The contribution parameters of screen space.
In described step one ray trace phase process, when light intersects with non-diffuse-reflectance surface, in store color dot and
Contribution parameters to screen space, and continue to follow the trail of light until intersecting with diffuse-reflectance surface.
In described step 2, each light source in scene launches a number of photon, utilizes random algorithm to determine light
The exit direction of son, and follow the trail of photon light in the scene.
In described step 2, when photon is when colliding non-diffuse-reflectance body surface, reflected according to the attribute of object, rolled over
Penetrate, scatter or absorb, preserve the energy of photon, direction, position and surface normal information in light subgraph simultaneously.
In described step 2, when photon collision is on diffuse-reflectance surface, photon generation diffuse-reflectance or absorption, preserve light simultaneously
Energy, direction, position and the surface normal information of son is in light subgraph.
In described step 3, in KD-tree, the elimination weight of a photon is the weight sum of all neighbours of current photon, its
In, the calculating process of the weight of arbitrary neighbours of current photon is:
Step (3.1): calculate the impact ginseng of the distance between arbitrary neighbours' photon of current photon and the photon density of 2 times
The ratio of number；
Step (3.2): utilize 1 to deduct the ratio that step (3.1) obtains, finally calculate arbitrary neighbours' of current photon
Weight.
The weight calculation formula of all neighbours of current photon is:
Wherein, wijBeing the weight between i and j neighbours' photon of current photon, j is the integer more than or equal to 1；dijFor working as
Distance between jth neighbours' photon of front photon i；rmax,iIt it is the affecting parameters of photon density；AiIt it is the search half of arest neighbors
Footpath；NiFor arest neighbors number, it is the integer more than or equal to 1.
In described step 4, colored spots includes the outgoing irradiance of colored spots, colored spots to the contribution parameters of screen space
The computing formula of outgoing irradiance be:
rt=α * rt-1
Wherein,Represent the outgoing irradiance calculated at the x of colored spots position；W is the incident ray of colored spots x
Direction；K is the photon number in search radius, and k is the integer more than or equal to 1；wiFor the direction of i-th photon in k photon；
φiIt it is i-th photon energy；fr(x,w,wi) be bidirectional reflectance distribution function, i.e. represent incident irradiance degree and outgoing irradiance it
Between proportion；R is photon elimination ratio, and after i.e. photon eliminates, remaining number is divided by the photon number launched；rtFor searching for
The radius of photon near color dot；T is current iteration render times, and t is the integer more than or equal to 1；α is control parameter,
For constant.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) present invention proposes the gradual Photon Mapping optimized algorithm eliminated based on sample, should by sample processing method
Use in Photon Mapping method, can be that distribution of photons has certain blue noise attribute while preserving randomness, make wash with watercolours
Noise decrease in the picture of dye gained；Due to the randomness of photon emission process, make distribution of photons occurs the most uneven
Phenomenon, photon launch and photon render between two steps, the present invention increase by one step photon eliminate, by calculate photon it
Between the weight of relative distance, eliminate the photon closest with other photons, and select an optimum elimination ratio, make progressive
The light subgraph that in formula Photon Mapping method, photon calculating each time uses all has blue noise characteristic, makes the photon that each step uses
Distribution the most more optimize, thus accelerate gradual Photon Mapping, optimize rendering effect.
(2) the optimization photon sample processing method of the present invention, controls the elimination power of photon according to the density of distribution of photons
Weight, it is ensured that global illumination brightness, the photon of the overall situation eliminates and makes Photon Mapping algorithm based on Sample Method may apply to simultaneously
In the calculating of all rendering effect of global illumination；Present invention sampling based on the Sample Method eliminated, can be with in flow process
Gradual Photon Mapping is combined closely, and makes Photon Mapping optimization method based on Sample Method expand to gradual Photon Mapping
In method；By optimizing the distribution of photons of every single-step iteration, add rapid convergence, can reach the effect reducing half iterations.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the gradual Photon Mapping optimization method flow chart eliminated based on sample of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) renders the rendering effect figure of Cornell Box scene 64 times for using gradual Photon Mapping algorithm.
Fig. 2 (b) is for using the rendering effect figure rendering Cornell Box scene 32 times of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (c) is for using the rendering effect figure rendering Cornell Box scene 64 times of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Describe wholely.
The method that sample eliminates is capable of producing Poisson sample geometry, makes sample have higher blue noise attribute.Sample
The method of this elimination is according to the distance between sample point, for calculating a weight between each two sample point, at a distance of the nearest sample
Between this point, weight is the biggest, and the elimination weight of a sample point is the sum of the weight between he and surrounding neighbours.Method uses one
Plant Greedy strategy from the sample of some stochastic generation, eliminate that sample point that weight is maximum every time.And update this sample point
The elimination weight of surrounding neighbours.Finally can obtain the sample point set having blue noise attribute of a fixed number.Sample eliminates
Method as a kind of new sample processing method, there is easily enforcement, method is simple, the features such as blue noise attribute is good.By photon
Light subclass in mapping method regards that sample point set carries out sample process as, and the light subclass after process can be to a certain extent
Remove the random noise in distribution.
Render example process for one, be i.e. the process that a good three-dimensional scenic the most modeled is calculated as picture.
Before rendering task starts, scene data is converted into the expression way that rendering engine can identify.One comprises complete
The contextual data file bag of information contains the video camera that rendering engine can identify, solid, light source, material, pinup picture etc.
Information.Start to render after scene is ready.
Cornell Box scene (being called for short Box scene) is an example simply rendering global illumination effect.At this
In scene, placed the point source tip position at box in this box, the centre of box placed two etuis.
It is 64 times that setting renders parameter, and arranging elimination ratio is 30%, and pixel sampling rate is 4.
Fig. 1 is the gradual Photon Mapping optimization method flow chart eliminated based on sample of the present invention, as it can be seen, based on
The gradual Photon Mapping optimization method that sample eliminates, after starting to render, specifically comprises the following steps that
The step 1. ray trace stage；From video camera, in scene, launch light by screen space, follow the trail of light
With the intersection point of scene, record these intersection points and the contribution parameters to screen space.
Step 1 is specific as follows:
From the video camera of box dead ahead, in scene, launch light, determined by the contact of video camera and screen space
Radiation direction, due to 4 sampled points of a pixel sampling, by 4 light of a pixel emission, follows the trail of these light, scene
In object be all diffuse-reflectance surface, first intersection point at light and scene preserves this intersection point, and preserve surface to screen
The contribution parameters in curtain space, these intersection points are also referred to as colored spots.
Step 2. photon tracking phase；By sending a number of photon from light source and carrying out the photon tracking of forward
Follow the trail of photon, and in diffuse-reflectance body surface storage photon to light subgraph, build the KD-tree of a photon.
Specific as follows:
At the light source above box, in scene, launch 20,000 photons, be then that each photon generation one is random
Direction, follows the trail of the movement locus of photon in the scene.The energy of photon collided with plane, position, direction, plane are sent out
Existing information is saved in light subgraph, and photon is absorbed or occur diffuse-reflectance, after diffuse-reflectance when launching collision with body surface
Photon continue tracked in the scene.Maximum bounce-back number of times is used for terminating photon tracing process, completes photon map generalization.
Step 3. photon eliminates the stage；Calculate the elimination weight of each photon, build raft choosing according to eliminating weight
Select and eliminate the photon that weight is maximum, eliminate this photon and update the elimination weight of neighbours of this photon, updating raft, then
Secondary selection eliminates the maximum photon elimination of weight and updates, and repeats this process until the photon reaching to set eliminates number.
Specific as follows:
Step (3.1): travel through each photon, searches nearest 10 the neighbours' photons around element photon, according to formula (1) institute
Show each neighbours' photon of calculating and the weight of current photon, the sum that elimination weight is these neighbor weight of current photon；
The weight calculation formula of all neighbours of current photon is:
Wherein, wijBeing the weight between i and j neighbours' photon of current photon, j is the integer more than or equal to 1；dijFor working as
Distance between jth neighbours' photon of front photon i；rmax,iIt it is the affecting parameters of photon density；AiIt it is the search half of arest neighbors
Footpath；NiFor arest neighbors number, it is the integer more than or equal to 1.
In the present invention, a kind of low sampling tree is used to preserve rMax, i, select from him according to the position of current photon every time
Nearest rMax, i；rMax, iInitial value can calculate according to second formula of formula (1), AiIt is the search radius of arest neighbors,
NiFor arest neighbors number, iteration directly uses r ' for the first time that calculateMax, iFor r 'Max, i；In remaining iterations, root
It is investigated ask low sampling tree in rMax, iValue and the r ' currently calculatedMax, iThe average of value as rMax, i, and after computation
Data value in more new low point sampling tree；
Step (3.2): according to the elimination weight of all photons, sets up a raft；
Step (3.3): select and eliminate the photon that weight is maximum；
Step (3.4): update the elimination weight of the neighbours' photon eliminating photon selected in step (3.4), way be from
Eliminate in weight, deduct the weight of this neighbours' photon eliminating photon:
Step (3.5): update raft, repeats step (3.3), step (3.4) and step (3.5) until reaching setting
Elimination ratio 30%, i.e. eliminates 6000 photons.
Step 4. renders imaging session；All colored spots of traversal step 1 record, search light subgraph to each colored spots
And to find the radius near this colored spots be rtIn the range of photon estimate the radiation response of light source, which includes directly
Illumination and all photons of indirect light photograph, t is current iteration number of times, and by controlling parameter, each iteration reduces search half
Footpath eliminates deviation.Calculate color finally according to the contribution parameters of colored spots of record to return screen space and do cumulative.
Specific as follows:
Step (4.1): travel through each colored spots, at a colored spots, searching for the radius near this colored spots is
rtIn the range of photon；T is current iteration render times, and t is the integer more than or equal to 1；α is for controlling parameter, for constant, reality
Value 0.9 in example operation；
rt=α * rt-1Formula (2)
Step (4.2): according to the outgoing irradiance penetrating radiometric formula (3) and calculating current coloration point；
Wherein,Represent the outgoing irradiance calculated at the x of colored spots position；W is the incident ray of colored spots x
Direction；K is the photon number in search radius, and k is the integer more than or equal to 1；wiFor the direction of i-th photon in k photon；
φiIt it is i-th photon energy；fr(x,w,wi) be bidirectional reflectance distribution function, i.e. represent incident irradiance degree and outgoing irradiance it
Between proportion；R is photon elimination ratio, and after i.e. photon eliminates, remaining number is divided by the photon number launched.
Step (4.3): utilize colored spots the contribution information of screen space to calculate the contribution color of colored spots, by color
Returning to screen space, and the image cumulative mean of previous iteration, form image, display is in rendering result window.
Step 5. photon renders iteration, repeats step 2 to step 5, until it reaches the iteration render times of setting 64 times, eventually
Only render.Wherein Fig. 2 (c) is to use this method to render the result obtained 64 times.
Fig. 2 (a) renders the rendering effect figure of Cornell Box scene 64 times for using gradual Photon Mapping algorithm；Fig. 2
B () renders the rendering effect figure of Cornell Box scene 32 times for using the method for this patent.By comparison diagram 2 (a)～Fig. 2
C () understands: the image that the present invention obtains is apparent and rendering effect is more preferable.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of flow process realizing in above-described embodiment method, be permissible
Instructing relevant hardware by computer program to complete, described program can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium
In, this program is upon execution, it may include such as the flow process of the embodiment of above-mentioned each method.Wherein, described storage medium can be magnetic
Dish, CD, read-only store-memory body (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or random store-memory body (Random
AccessMemory, RAM) etc..
Although the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described by the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines, but not the present invention is protected model
The restriction enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme, and those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various amendments or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, it is characterised in that including:
Step one, ray trace stage: follow the trail of the intersection point of light and scene, record these intersection points and the contribution to screen space is joined
Number；Wherein, these intersection points are colored spots；
Step 2, photon tracking phase: the light source from scene, launch photon and carry out forward photon tracking, and by field
The photon of the diffuse-reflectance body surface in scape stores in light subgraph, light subgraph build a KD-tree；
Step 3, photon eliminate the stage: calculate the elimination weight of each photon in KD-tree, build according to eliminating weight
Raft, filters out and eliminates the photon that weight is maximum, eliminates the current elimination power eliminating the maximum photon of weight and updating its neighbours
Weight, updates raft, and screening eliminates the maximum photon of weight and eliminates and update again, eliminates photon until reaching to set
Number；
Step 4, render imaging session: traversal colored spots, in the range of light subgraph is inquired about the photon search radius of colored spots
Photon, utilizes colored spots to the contribution parameters of screen space to calculate the contribution color of colored spots, and contribution color is returned to
Screen space renders image to be formed；
Step 5, photon render iteration: reduce the photon search radius scope of colored spots, repeat step 2 to step 4, until
Reach the iteration render times set, rendering after image adds up of all formation is averaging, obtains final rendering image.
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, it is characterised in that institute
State in step one ray trace phase process, from video camera, in scene, launch light by screen space.
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, it is characterised in that institute
State in step one ray trace phase process, when light intersects with diffuse-reflectance surface, in store color dot and to screen space
Contribution parameters.
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, it is characterised in that institute
State in step one ray trace phase process, when light intersects with non-diffuse-reflectance surface, in store color dot and to screen space
Contribution parameters, and continue follow the trail of light until and diffuse-reflectance surface intersect.
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, it is characterised in that institute
Stating in step 2, each light source in scene launches a number of photon, utilizes random algorithm to determine the outgoing side of photon
To, and follow the trail of photon light in the scene.
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, it is characterised in that institute
State in step 2, when photon is when colliding non-diffuse-reflectance body surface, reflected according to the attribute of object, reflect, scatter or
Absorb, preserve the energy of photon, direction, position and surface normal information in light subgraph simultaneously.
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, it is characterised in that institute
Stating in step 2, when photon collision is on diffuse-reflectance surface, photon generation diffuse-reflectance or absorption, preserve the energy of photon, side simultaneously
In, position and surface normal information to light subgraph.
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, it is characterised in that institute
Stating in step 3, in KD-tree, the elimination weight of a photon is the weight sum of all neighbours of current photon；Wherein, current light
The calculating process of the weight of arbitrary neighbours of son is:
Step (3.1): calculate distance between arbitrary neighbours' photon of the current photon affecting parameters with the photon density of 2 times
Ratio；
Step (3.2): utilize 1 to deduct the ratio that step (3.1) obtains, finally calculate the power of arbitrary neighbours of current photon
Weight.
A kind of gradual Photon Mapping optimization method eliminated based on sample, it is characterised in that institute
Stating in step 4, colored spots includes the outgoing irradiance of colored spots, then the outgoing spoke of colored spots to the contribution parameters of screen space
The computing formula of illumination is:
rt=α * rt-1
Wherein,Represent the outgoing irradiance calculated at the x of colored spots position；W is the incident ray direction of colored spots x；k
For the photon number in search radius, k is the integer more than or equal to 1；wiFor the direction of i-th photon in k photon；φiIt is
I photon energy；fr(x,w,wi) it is bidirectional reflectance distribution function, i.e. represent the ratio between incident irradiance degree and outgoing irradiance
Weight；R is photon elimination ratio, and after i.e. photon eliminates, remaining number is divided by the photon number launched；rtAttached for search colored spots
The radius of dipped beam；T is current iteration render times, and t is the integer more than or equal to 1；α is for controlling parameter, for constant.
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| CN107909647B (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2020-09-15 | 长春理工大学 | Realistic virtual 3D scene light field projection image drawing method based on spatial multiplexing |
| CN109509246A (en) * | 2018-03-25 | 2019-03-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of photon figure clustering method divided based on adaptive line of sight |
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| CN108961372B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2022-10-14 | 北京大学 | Progressive photon mapping method based on statistical model test |
| CN108961372A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-12-07 | 北京大学 | A kind of gradual Photon Mapping method examined based on statistical model |
| CN110490795A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2019-11-22 | 奥多比公司 | Using the set of pixels of selection being sampled via blue noise come downscaled images |
| CN110490795B (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2024-05-24 | 奥多比公司 | Downscaling an image with a set of pixels selected via blue noise sampling |
| CN109509248A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-03-22 | 北京大学 | A kind of Photon Mapping rendering method neural network based and system |
| CN109509248B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2023-07-18 | 北京大学 | Photon mapping rendering method and system based on neural network |
| WO2020238136A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | 山东大学 | Polygon space division-based photon mapping optimization method, device and system |
| CN110599579A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-20 | 山东师范大学 | Photon resampling-based random asymptotic photon mapping image rendering method and system |
| CN110599579B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2023-02-24 | 山东师范大学 | Photon resampling-based random asymptotic photon mapping image rendering method and system |
| CN111445422A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-24 | 山东大学 | Random asymptotic photon mapping image noise reduction method and system based on neural network |
| CN111445422B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2022-06-07 | 山东大学 | Random asymptotic photon mapping image noise reduction method and system based on neural network |
| WO2022111400A1 (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | Light source sampling weight determination method for multiple light source scenario rendering, and related device |
| CN114066721B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2024-02-02 | 抖音视界有限公司 | Display method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN114066721A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-18 | 北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 | Display method and device and electronic equipment |
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