CN106250646B - Optimal design method for tower flange of wind generating set - Google Patents
Optimal design method for tower flange of wind generating set Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind generating sets, and discloses an optimal design method of a tower flange of a wind generating set. The method is applied to obtain the optimized flange connecting structure which has the lightest weight and meets four failure modes of flange plastic design. The method is easy to realize programming, can reduce the calculated amount of designers, and improves the rapidity and the accuracy of design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind generating sets, in particular to an optimal design method for a tower flange of a wind generating set.
Background
At present, a drum type steel tower drum is mostly adopted for the tower drum of the megawatt wind generating set. The cylindrical steel tower drum is generally divided into a plurality of sections, flanges are welded at the end part of each section of the tower drum, and the tower drum is combined by connecting the flanges by bolts. The wind driven generator has severe operating environment and complex loading, the safety of the tower drum structure is related to the operating safety of the whole machine, and the design of the tower drum flange is very important.
The resilient design is very conservative for the tower flanges and increases the construction costs. Therefore, the GL specification specifies that the tower flange is designed and calculated by using plastic hinge theory, namely a Petersens method (failure mode a and failure mode B) and a Seidel method (failure mode D and failure mode E). The method is suitable for L-shaped and T-shaped flanges. The Petersen method and the Seidel method simplify the annular flange connection into a single-section flange connection model, and as shown in FIG. 1, as long as the bolts and the flanges of the single-section model do not fail under the action of extreme load, the annular flange connection also meets the strength requirement. The single-section flange connection mechanical model is simplified greatly, as shown in figure 2, the theoretical calculation result of the model basically accords with the experimental data, and therefore the model is widely applied. The flange joint has 4 failure modes in the plastic state, and as shown in fig. 3, the ultimate tensile force at the drum wall must be less than the tensile load bearing forces resulting from the four failure modes.
When the flange design is carried out by adopting the method, under the condition of known load, tower drum wall thickness and tower drum outer diameter, the size parameters (parameters a, b, n and t shown in figure 4) of the flange and the bolt diameter d need to be continuously tried to be modified for trial calculation so as to meet four failure modes. This is computationally intensive for the designer and the final design result does not guarantee the lightest mass of the flange connection.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an optimal design method of a tower cylinder flange of a wind generating set, which aims to realize the lightest weight of a tower cylinder flange connection structure, provides a tower cylinder flange design method based on mathematical programming, is easy to program and realize, and can quickly and accurately obtain a design result.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention are implemented by the following technical solutions.
An optimal design method for a tower flange of a wind generating set comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the outer diameter Dt of a tower cylinder, the thickness s of the cylinder wall of the tower cylinder and the ultimate bending moment M borne by the center of the section of an annular flange, and setting the diameter d of a bolt;
wherein the target function G represents the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolt, n is more than 0, and t is more than 0;
step 3, calculating the tensile force applied to the single-section flange according to the outer diameter Dt of the tower cylinder, the thickness s of the cylinder wall of the tower cylinder, the ultimate bending moment M applied to the center of the section of the annular flange and the number n of the bolts;
step 4, setting constraint conditions for solving the objective function, wherein the constraint conditions comprise: the tensile force borne by the single-section flange is smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange, the space size of a wrench during bolt assembly meets the space design specification of the wrench, and the edge distance size of a bolt hole meets the edge distance design specification of the bolt hole;
step 5, establishing a mathematical programming model according to the objective function and the constraint conditions, and solving the mathematical programming model to obtain a group of design variables which enable the objective function to be minimum and the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolt corresponding to the group of design variables;
step 6, resetting the diameter d of the bolt, and repeating the steps 2 to 5 in sequence until a plurality of groups of design variables and the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolt corresponding to the plurality of groups of design variables are obtained;
and 7, selecting one group of design variables which enable the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolts to be minimum from the multiple groups of design variables as structural parameters for connecting the single-section flange.
The technical scheme of the invention has the characteristics and further improvements that:
(1) the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the tension Z applied to the single-section flange according to the outer diameter Dt of the tower cylinder, the thickness s of the cylinder wall of the tower cylinder and the limit bending moment M applied to the center of the section of the annular flange:
wherein n is the number of bolts, DsIs the central diameter of the drum wall of the tower drum Ds＝Dt-s。
(2) In step 4, the tensile force that single section flange received is less than the tensile bearing capacity of single section flange specifically includes:
(4a) under failure mode A, tensile bearing capacity Z of single-section flangeA＝Ft，Rd，Ft，RdTensile load capacity for a single bolt:
wherein K is a polynomial coefficient, AsIs the stress area of the bolt, gammaMFor the safety factor of the material, fubIs the tensile limit of the bolt;
to satisfy failure mode A, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode A, namely, Z is satisfiedAv-Z > 0, v is the reduction coefficient, v < 1;
(4b) in failure mode B, tensile bearing capacity of single-section flange
Wherein the bending resistance M of the cylinder wall in failure mode Bpl，3b：
Wherein,
c is a single-section flangeApproximate width of the model, fysAllowable yield strength f of the drum wall of the towerydThe allowable yield strength of the annular flange;
to satisfy failure mode B, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode B, namely, Z is satisfiedBv-Z > 0, v is the reduction coefficient, v < 1;
(4c) in failure mode D, tensile bearing capacity of single-section flange
Wherein, the bending resistance of the single-section flange at the bolt hole and the additional bending resistance M 'generated by the eccentricity of the bolt'pl，2：
Bending resistance M of the barrel wall in failure mode Dpl，3d：
c′＝c-dB
bD＝b
Wherein c' is the approximate width of the single-section flange model after the reduction at the bolt hole, dBDiameter of the bolt hole, dSIs the outside diameter of the washer, bDThe distance from the axis of the bolt to the plastic hinge of the cylinder wall;
to satisfy failure mode D, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode D, that is, Z is satisfiedDv-Z > 0, v is the reduction coefficient, v < 1;
(4d) in failure mode E, tensile bearing capacity of single-section flange
Wherein the bending resistance M of the cylinder wall in failure mode Epl，3e：
Mpl，2Bending resistance of a single-section flange, bEThe distance from the center of the width of the gasket to the plastic hinge;
to satisfy failure mode E, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode E, that is, Z is satisfiedEv-Z > 0, v is the reduction factor, v < 1.
(3) In step 4, the space size of the wrench during bolt assembly meets the space design specification of the wrench, and specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the design specification specified by JB/ZQ 4005-2006: the minimum circumferential distance A2 between the bolts and the minimum distance E1 between the bolts and the wall of the tower ring flange connecting bolt are obtained, so that the following constraint conditions are obtained:
(Dt-2·b-s)·π/n≥0
b-s/2-E1≥0
where Dt represents the outer diameter of the tower, s represents the thickness of the wall of the tower, b represents the distance from the axis of the bolt to the center of the wall, n represents the number of bolts, and E1 represents the minimum distance of the bolt from the wall.
(4) In step 4, the bolt hole margin size satisfies bolt hole margin design specification, specifically does:
according to the specification of EN 1993-1-8[4], the distance from the center of the bolt hole to the edge of the structure is more than or equal to 1.2 times of the diameter of the bolt hole, so that the following constraint conditions are obtained:
a-1.2·dB≥0
wherein a represents the distance from the inner edge of the annular flange to the axis of the bolt, dBShowing the diameter of the bolt hole.
(5) In step 5, according to the objective function and the constraint conditions, a mathematical programming model is established as follows:
an objective function:
constraint conditions are as follows: zi·v-Z＞0(i＝A，B，D，E)
(Dt-2·b-s)·π/n≥0
b-s/2-E1≥0
a-1.2·dB≥0
n＞0
t＞0
Wherein Dt represents the outer diameter of the tower, s represents the thickness of the wall of the tower, M represents the ultimate bending moment applied to the center of the section of the annular flange, d represents the diameter of the bolt, a represents the distance from the inner edge of the annular flange to the axis of the bolt, b represents the distance from the axis of the bolt to the center of the wall of the tower, t represents the thickness of the annular flange, n represents the number of the bolts, Z represents the number of the boltsi(i ═ a, B, C, D) represents the tensile load bearing capacity of the single section flange in failure mode A, B, C or D, Z represents the tensile force to which the single section flange is subjected, v is the reduction factor, E1 represents the minimum spacing of the bolts from the barrel wall, D represents the minimum spacing of the bolts from the barrel wallBThe bolt hole diameter is indicated.
The method is based on the basic theory of mathematical programming, simplifies the mechanical model of annular flange connection into single-section flange connection, takes the structural parameters of the tower flange as design variables, takes the failure modes of four plastic theories, the wrench space of bolts and the bolt hole margin size as constraint conditions, establishes a mathematical programming model taking the total volume of the flanges and the bolts as a target function, and finally solves the flange connection structure which enables the total volume of the flanges and the bolts to be minimum by using an optimization algorithm. The method is applied to obtain the optimized flange connecting structure which has the lightest weight and meets four failure modes of flange plastic design. The method is easy to realize programming, can reduce the calculated amount of designers, and improves the rapidity and the accuracy of design.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a ring flange model provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified mechanical model of a flanged connection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical model of four failure modes of a plastic hinge theory according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating parameters of a flange connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the method for optimally designing the tower flange of the wind turbine generator system according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an optimal design method for a tower flange of a wind generating set, wherein the tower comprises an annular flange, the cross section of the annular flange is L-shaped, the annular flange is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of single-section flanges, and as shown in figure 5, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the outer diameter Dt of the tower cylinder, the thickness s of the cylinder wall of the tower cylinder and the ultimate bending moment M borne by the center of the section of the annular flange, and setting the diameter d of the bolt.
wherein the target function G represents the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolt, n is more than 0, and t is more than 0.
And 3, calculating the tensile force applied to the single-section flange according to the outer diameter Dt of the tower cylinder, the thickness s of the cylinder wall of the tower cylinder, the ultimate bending moment M applied to the center of the section of the annular flange and the number n of the bolts.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the tension Z applied to the single-section flange according to the outer diameter Dt of the tower cylinder, the thickness s of the cylinder wall of the tower cylinder and the limit bending moment M applied to the center of the section of the annular flange:
wherein n is the number of bolts, DsIs the central diameter of the drum wall of the tower drum Ds＝Dt-s。
Step 4, setting constraint conditions for solving the objective function, wherein the constraint conditions comprise: the pulling force that single section flange received is less than the tensile bearing capacity of single section flange, and the spanner space size when the assembly bolt satisfies the spanner space design standard, and the bolt hole margin size satisfies the bolt hole margin design standard.
In step 4, the tensile force that single section flange received is less than the tensile bearing capacity of single section flange specifically includes:
(4a) in the failure mode a, when the L-shaped flange is thick, the L-shaped flange hardly deforms under the action of an external tensile force, and the high-strength bolt is subjected to a large tensile force, and after a large elongation, the tensile limit bearing capacity of the high-strength bolt is reached, and finally the bolt is broken and the L-shaped flange is still in an elastic stage, as shown in fig. 3. Tensile bearing capacity Z of single-section flange at the momentA＝Ft，Rd，Ft，RdTensile load capacity for a single bolt:
wherein K is a polynomial coefficient, ASIs the stress area of the bolt, gammaMFor the safety factor of the material, fubIs the tensile limit of the bolt;
to meet the failure mode A, the tensile force Z borne by the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under the failure mode A, and because the value of the design variable obtained by solving the mathematical programming model can be rounded in the actual flange design, the tensile bearing capacity is properly reduced to ensure that the rounded design variable meets all constraint conditions, namely the tensile bearing capacity Z is metAv-Z > 0, v is the reduction coefficient, v < 1;
(4b) in the failure mode B, the failure mode of the failure mode B is that the L-shaped flange forms a plastic hinge at the root and the bolt is damaged and fails. The failure mode is that when the rigidity of the L-shaped flange is similar to that of the high-strength bolt, under the action of external tensile force, the deformation of the L-shaped flange is similar to the elongation of the high-strength bolt after being tensioned. The flange and bolts can almost reach the extreme bearing capacity state, and finally the bolts are pulled apart, and the root of the flange forms a plastic hinge, as shown in fig. 3. Tensile bearing capacity of single-section flange at the moment
Wherein the bending resistance M of the cylinder wall in failure mode Bpl，3b：
Wherein,
c is the approximate width of the single-section flange model, fysAllowable yield strength f of the drum wall of the towerydThe allowable yield strength of the annular flange;
in addition, M ispl，3bThe bending resistance of the flange or the cylinder wall is taken as the smaller value of the bending resistance and the bending resistance. Since the flange thickness is generally greater than the cylinder wall thickness, it is simple hereAnd (4) taking the bending resistance of the cylinder wall through chemical treatment.
To satisfy failure mode B, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode B, namely, Z is satisfiedBv-Z > 0, v is the reduction coefficient, v < 1;
(4c) in failure mode D, the root of the L-shaped flange and the bolt locations yield. When the rigidity of the connected bolts is larger than that of the L-shaped flange or the wall of the tower cylinder, the deformation of the L-shaped flange is larger than the elongation of the high-strength bolt, lever force is formed earlier on the edge of the flange, and the position and the distribution of the plastic hinge are shown in fig. 3 when the flange is damaged. Tensile bearing capacity of single-section flange at the moment
Wherein, the bending resistance of the single-section flange at the bolt hole and the additional bending resistance M 'generated by the eccentricity of the bolt'pl，2：
Bending resistance M of the barrel wall in failure mode Dpl，3d：
c′＝c-dB
bD＝b
Wherein c' is the approximate width of the single-section flange model after the reduction at the bolt hole, dBDiameter of bolt hole, dSIs the outside diameter of the washer, bDThe distance from the axis of the bolt to the plastic hinge of the cylinder wall;
to satisfy failure mode D, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode D, that is, Z is satisfiedDv-Z > 0, v is the reduction coefficient, v < 1;
(4d) and in the failure mode E, the root of the L-shaped flange and the root of the gasket yield. When the rigidity of the connected gasket is larger than that of the L-shaped flange or the wall of the tower cylinderWhen the rigidity is higher than the deformation of the L-shaped flange, the elongation of the high-strength bolt is larger, the edge of the flange forms lever force earlier, and the position and the distribution of the plastic hinge are shown in figure 3 when the flange is damaged. Tensile bearing capacity of single-section flange at the moment
Wherein the bending resistance M of the cylinder wall in failure mode Epl，3e：
Mpl，2Bending resistance of a single-section flange, bEThe distance from the center of the width of the gasket to the plastic hinge;
to satisfy failure mode E, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode E, that is, Z is satisfiedEv-Z > 0, v is the reduction factor, v < 1.
In step 4, the space size of the wrench during bolt assembly meets the space design specification of the wrench, and specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the design specification specified by JB/ZQ 4005-2006: the minimum circumferential distance A2 between the single-section flange connecting bolts of the tower barrel and the minimum distance E1 between the bolts and the barrel wall are obtained, so that the following constraint conditions are obtained;
(Dt-2·b-s)·π/n≥0
b-s/2-E1≥0
where Dt represents the outer diameter of the tower, s represents the thickness of the wall of the tower, b represents the distance from the axis of the bolt to the center of the wall, n represents the number of bolts, and E1 represents the minimum distance of the bolt from the wall.
In step 4, the bolt hole margin size satisfies bolt hole margin design specification, specifically does:
according to the specification of EN 1993-1-8, the distance from the center of the bolt hole to the edge of the structure is more than or equal to 1.2 times of the diameter of the bolt hole, so that the following constraint conditions are obtained:
a-1.2·dB≥0
wherein a represents the distance from the inner edge of the annular flange to the axis of the bolt, dBShowing the diameter of the bolt hole.
And 5, establishing a mathematical programming model according to the objective function and the constraint conditions, and solving the mathematical programming model to obtain a group of design variables which enable the objective function to be minimum and the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolt corresponding to the group of design variables.
In step 5, according to the objective function and the constraint conditions, a mathematical programming model is established as follows:
an objective function:
constraint conditions are as follows: zi·v-Z＞0(i＝A，B，D，E)
(Dt-2·b-s)·π/n≥0
b-s/2-E1≥0
a-1.2·dB≥0
n＞0
t＞0
Wherein Dt represents the outer diameter of the tower, s represents the thickness of the wall of the tower, M represents the ultimate bending moment applied to the center of the section of the annular flange, d represents the diameter of the bolt, a represents the distance from the inner edge of the annular flange to the axis of the bolt, b represents the distance from the axis of the bolt to the center of the wall of the tower, t represents the thickness of the annular flange, n represents the number of the bolts, Z represents the number of the boltsi(i ═ a, B, C, D) represents the tensile load bearing capacity of the single section flange in failure mode A, B, C or D, Z represents the tensile force to which the single section flange is subjected, v is the reduction factor, E1 represents the minimum spacing of the bolts from the barrel wall, D represents the minimum spacing of the bolts from the barrel wallBThe bolt hole diameter is indicated.
The mathematical programming model obtained above is a nonlinear mathematical programming model, and is solved to obtain the numerical value of the design variable (for example, the structural parameter a, b, n, t of the L-shaped flange), and the total volume of the corresponding single-section flange and the bolt.
Further, a Direct search algorithm (Direct search algorithms) is adopted to solve the nonlinear mathematical programming model.
And 6, resetting the diameter d of the bolt, and repeating the steps 2 to 5 in sequence until a plurality of groups of design variables and the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolt corresponding to the plurality of groups of design variables are obtained.
And 7, selecting one group of design variables which enable the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolts to be minimum from the multiple groups of design variables as structural parameters for connecting the single-section flange.
According to the existing examples and experience, after the diameters and relevant parameters of the bolts are changed for many times, a plurality of groups of L-shaped flange structure parameter values and corresponding total volumes of the flanges and the bolts can be obtained. Through comparison, a group of numerical values with the minimum volume is the optimal solution.
The design variable values obtained by solving the mathematical programming model are generally floating point numbers and have certain decimal numbers, the parameters such as the number n of the bolts obviously need to be rounded into integers, and other flange parameters generally need to be rounded to obtain integers or priority numbers in the actual design. And carrying out design verification on the rounded design variables aiming at the four failure modes, obtaining an optimal solution if the design variables pass through the four failure modes, and modifying the reduction coefficient v if the design variables do not pass through the four failure modes for redesigning.
The design method described by the invention is suitable for flanges with L-shaped cross sections, and the method is also suitable for designing flanges with T-shaped cross sections after modification.
For example, the actual engineering implementation may refer to the following process:
1. setting up known conditions
According to the existing parameters of a certain fan tower, the outer diameter Dt of the tower at the position where a flange is planned to be designed is 3940mm, the thickness s of the wall of the tower is 22mm, the materials of the flange and the wall are Q345, and the allowable yield strength f of the flange is selectedyd304.5MPa, and the allowable yield strength f of the cylinder wallys313.6MPa, and 53000kNm of ultimate bending moment M at the center of the section of the flange. Four choices are madeThe nominal diameters of the bolts (not limited to these four kinds) are designed separately. Bolt parameters were as follows:
establishing a mathematical programming model for solving the structural parameters of the flange:
and substituting the parameters of the four bolts and the known conditions of the flange into the following formula to establish a nonlinear mathematical programming model. V was taken to be 0.99.
Minimize G(a，b，n，t)
Constraint conditions are as follows: zi·v-Z(i＝A，B，D，E)
(Dt-2·b-s)·π/n≥0
b-s/2-E1≥0
a-1.2·db≥0
n＞0
t＞0
Solving a mathematical programming model, and finding out an optimal scheme:
solving the nonlinear mathematical programming model by adopting a Direct search algorithm (Direct search algorithms), and obtaining four groups of flange parameters and total weight as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, the least bulky solution is a set of data using M42 bolts.
Rounding and verifying flange parameters of optimal scheme
Rounding the optimal design scheme according to the actual design requirement, wherein the parameters of the rounded flange are as follows:
the rounded parameters are substituted into a calculation formula of tensile bearing capacity of four failure modes of an L-shaped flange plasticity theory, and the following can be obtained:
the ultimate tensile force at the flange cylinder wall is as follows:
and the ultimate tensile force is smaller than all tensile bearing forces, and the check is passed.
The method is based on the basic theory of mathematical programming, simplifies the mechanical model of annular flange connection into single-section flange connection, takes the structural parameters of the tower flange as design variables, takes the failure modes of four plastic theories, the wrench space of bolts and the bolt hole margin size as constraint conditions, establishes a mathematical programming model taking the total volume of the flanges and the bolts as a target function, and finally solves the flange connection structure which enables the total volume of the flanges and the bolts to be minimum by using an optimization algorithm. The method is applied to obtain the optimized flange connecting structure which has the lightest weight and meets four failure modes of flange plastic design. The method is easy to realize programming, can reduce the calculated amount of designers, and improves the rapidity and the accuracy of design.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The optimal design method for the tower flange of the wind generating set is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining the outer diameter Dt of a tower cylinder, the thickness s of the cylinder wall of the tower cylinder and the ultimate bending moment M borne by the center of the section of an annular flange, and setting the diameter d of a bolt;
step 2, taking the distance a from the inner edge of the annular flange to the axis of the bolt, the distance b from the axis of the bolt to the center of the cylinder wall, the thickness t of the annular flange and the number n of the bolts as design variables, and constructing a target function G:
wherein the target function G represents the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolt, n is more than 0, and t is more than 0;
step 3, calculating the tensile force applied to the single-section flange according to the outer diameter Dt of the tower cylinder, the thickness s of the cylinder wall of the tower cylinder, the ultimate bending moment M applied to the center of the section of the annular flange and the number n of the bolts;
step 4, setting constraint conditions for solving the objective function, wherein the constraint conditions comprise: the tensile force borne by the single-section flange is smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange, the space size of a wrench during bolt assembly meets the space design specification of the wrench, and the edge distance size of a bolt hole meets the edge distance design specification of the bolt hole;
step 5, establishing a mathematical programming model according to the objective function and the constraint conditions, and solving the mathematical programming model to obtain a group of design variables which enable the objective function to be minimum and the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolt corresponding to the group of design variables;
step 6, resetting the diameter d of the bolt, and repeating the steps 2 to 5 in sequence until a plurality of groups of design variables and the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolt corresponding to the plurality of groups of design variables are obtained;
and 7, selecting one group of design variables which enable the total volume of the single-section flange and the bolts to be minimum from the multiple groups of design variables as structural parameters for connecting the single-section flange.
2. The optimal design method for the tower flange of the wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises:
calculating the tension Z applied to the single-section flange according to the outer diameter Dt of the tower cylinder, the thickness s of the cylinder wall of the tower cylinder and the limit bending moment M applied to the center of the section of the annular flange:
wherein D issIs the central diameter of the drum wall of the tower drum Ds＝Dt-s。
3. The optimal design method of the tower flange of the wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the step of applying the tension to the single-section flange smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange specifically comprises the steps of:
(4a) under failure mode A, tensile bearing capacity Z of single-section flangeA＝Ft，Rd，Ft，RdTensile load capacity for a single bolt:
wherein K is a polynomial coefficient, ASIs the stress area of the bolt, gammaMFor the safety factor of the material, fubIs the tensile limit of the bolt;
to satisfyIn the failure mode A, the tensile force Z borne by the single-section flange is smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange in the failure mode A, namely Z is satisfiedAv-Z > 0, v is the reduction factor, v<1；
(4b) In failure mode B, tensile bearing capacity of single-section flange
Wherein the bending resistance M of the cylinder wall in failure mode Bpl,3b：
Wherein,
c is the approximate width of the single-section flange model, fysAllowable yield strength f of the drum wall of the towerydThe allowable yield strength of the annular flange;
to satisfy failure mode B, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode B, namely, Z is satisfiedB·v-Z＞0；
(4c) In failure mode D, tensile bearing capacity of single-section flange
Wherein, the bending resistance of the single-section flange at the bolt hole and the additional bending resistance M 'generated by the eccentricity of the bolt'pl,2：
Bending resistance M of the barrel wall in failure mode Dpl,3d：
c′＝c-dB
bD＝b
Wherein c' is the approximate width of the single-section flange model after the reduction at the bolt hole, dBDiameter of the bolt hole, dSIs the outside diameter of the washer, bDThe distance from the axis of the bolt to the plastic hinge of the cylinder wall;
to satisfy failure mode D, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode D, that is, Z is satisfiedD·v-Z＞0；
(4d) In failure mode E, tensile bearing capacity of single-section flange
Wherein the bending resistance M of the cylinder wall in failure mode Epl,3e：
Mpl,2Bending resistance of a single-section flange, bEThe distance from the center of the width of the gasket to the plastic hinge;
to satisfy failure mode E, the tensile force Z applied to the single-section flange must be smaller than the tensile bearing capacity of the single-section flange under failure mode E, that is, Z is satisfiedE·v-Z＞0。
4. The optimal design method of the tower flange of the wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the wrench space size during bolt assembling meets the wrench space design specification, and specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the design specification specified by JB/ZQ 4005-2006: the minimum circumferential distance A2 between the bolts and the minimum distance E1 between the bolts and the wall of the tower ring flange connecting bolt are obtained, so that the following constraint conditions are obtained:
(Dt-2·b-s)·π/n≥0
b-s/2-E1≥0。
5. the optimal design method of the tower flange of the wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the bolt hole edge distance size meets bolt hole edge distance design specifications, and specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the specification of EN 1993-1-8, the distance from the center of the bolt hole to the edge of the structure is more than or equal to 1.2 times of the diameter of the bolt hole, so that the following constraint conditions are obtained:
a-1.2·dB≥0
wherein d isBShowing the diameter of the bolt hole.
6. The method for optimally designing the tower flange of the wind generating set according to claim 3, wherein in the step 5, a mathematical planning model is established according to the objective function and the constraint condition as follows:
an objective function: min
Constraint conditions are as follows: zi·v-Z＞0(i＝A,B,D,E)
(Dt-2·b-s)·π/n≥0
b-s/2-E1≥0
a-1.2·dB≥0
n＞0
t＞0
Wherein Z isi(i ═ a, B, D, E) denotes the tensile load bearing capacity of the single-section flange in failure mode A, B, D or E, Z denotes the tensile force to which the single-section flange is subjected, D denotes the tensile force to which the single-section flange is subjectedBThe bolt hole diameter is indicated.
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| CN109989890B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-04-21 | 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for designing steel cylindrical tower of wind generating set |
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