CN106249312A - A kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The open a kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method of the present invention, belongs to petroleum resources geological prospecting and evaluates field.During oil degradation, oil-related gas and the crude oil of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas crude oil are transformed by microbes, generate oil degradation gas simultaneously.In order to solve a difficult problem for the quantitative analysis of oil-related gas in shallow gas and oil degradation gas, the present invention establishes oil degradation Methane Carbon Isotope variation model, by Methane Carbon Isotope value in the estimation oil degradation gas such as oil degradation degree, microbial reaction temperature, carbon dioxide reduction degree, in conjunction with thermogenic methane Carbon Isotope Characteristics in undegraded crude oil, comprehensive analysis oil-gas bearing basin shallow layer gas mixed sourced proportion.The present invention considers multiple geologic(al) factor, it is possible to meet the requirement that oil-gas bearing basin shallow layer gas mixed sourced proportion is analyzed, and provides reference for viscous crude resource reserves under assessment METHOD OF SHALLOW GAS RESERVOIRS, can be widely used in petroleum resources geological exploration field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum resources geological prospecting and evaluate field, be specifically related to a kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas and mix source ratio
Example quantitatively characterizing method.
Background technology
With the generation of natural gas while Thermal Evolution of Source Rocks stage generation liquid crude oil, natural gas typically dissolves with former
Migrate in oil and with crude oil.When crude oil migrates to shallow-layer from deep formation, owing to the decline of formation temperature, pressure causes
Gas solubility reduces, and natural gas is deviate from from crude oil and migrates to be formed in suitable trap gas reservoir to superficial part.Meanwhile, by
Poor in shallow stratum preservation condition, superficial part low salinity formation is seeped in oil reservoir under water so that the aqueous medium environment of oil reservoir periphery
Becoming suitable micro-organisms growth, microorganism can generate oil degradation gas for reaction substrate by Degradation with crude oil.Shallow-layer
The biodegradation gas that the oil-related gas that natural gas in gas reservoir often generates for kerogen generates with crude oil generation microbial degradation
Mixing, mainly shows as natural gas aridity coefficient big, and Methane Carbon Isotope changes greatly, heavy hydrocarbon component carbon isotope ratio is laid particular stress on
Feature.Oil degradation anger has great potential, and microbial degradation experiment 1 ton of crude oil of display can generate 226.03～264.75m3
Natural gas.METHOD OF SHALLOW GAS RESERVOIRS effectively can be identified by earthquake " bright spot " technology.Having been found that shallow layer gas reserves
On the basis of, by the analysis of biodegradation gas ratio in METHOD OF SHALLOW GAS RESERVOIRS can effectively be determined that degradation-type is thick under shallow gas
Oil resource number.This is for the evaluation of study area degraded viscous crude stock number and finds remaining reserves and has and huge know meaning
Justice.But, actually based on which kind of origin cause of formation gas in shallow gas, the problem that i.e. METHOD OF SHALLOW GAS RESERVOIRS mixed sourced proportion is quantitative never obtains
Effectively solve.
The research that crude oil biological is degraded by forefathers has focused largely on: the microorganism type of degrading crude oil occurs；Crude oil biological
Degradation reaction process；Temperature, reservoir configuration, the immixture control action to biodegradation；Degradation is to crude oil group
Become and the impact of biomarker.And research for oil degradation gas is relatively fewer, the degraded gas that forefathers are given is big
Majority is a scope, and practical operation gets up difficulty greatly, it is difficult to the mixed sourced proportion of different study areas is carried out accurate evaluation.
Although achieving many important progress under the effort of the research of crude oil microbial degradation scholar at home and abroad, but still
There is no a kind of shallow gas mixed sourced proportion evaluation methodology being applicable to various geological conditions the most reliably, at present still in exploring rank
Section.
Summary of the invention
It is difficult to quantitative problem, disclosed in the present invention one based on oil-related gas in shallow gas and oil degradation gas mixed proportion
Plant oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method, implement technical scheme as follows:
A kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) the shallow gas origin cause of formation and component type are analyzed
Component according to study area shallow layer gas and isotopic characteristic, study plate in conjunction with forefathers, determines shallow gas
The origin cause of formation and component type.
In above-mentioned steps (1), the shallow gas origin cause of formation and component type are to be obtained by gas component and isotope analysis.
Shallow gas refers to the buried depth natural gas less than 1500m.Shallow gas has the multiple origin cause of formation, both can be that microorganism utilizes organic matter
The biogenetic gas generated can also be the oil-related gas that kerogen generates in cracking process.In crude oil, general dissolving is a certain amount of
There is more heavy hydrocarbon component and the heavier oil-related gas of Methane Carbon Isotope, when oil migration to superficial part, along with formation temperature,
Pressure declines, and the oil-related gas being dissolved in crude oil separates out from crude oil.Shallow-layer preservation condition is the most poor, by microbial action
Impact, crude oil occurs degraded to generate based on methane and has the oil degradation gas of light Carbon Isotope Characteristics.The sky of different origins
So gas has different components and isotopic characteristic.By shallow layer gas component, isotope are analyzed, utilize known
The composition of shallow gas is identified by plate, it is judged that the origin cause of formation of shallow gas and component type.
(2) derivation oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope change curve
On the basis of at home and abroad testing about crude oil microbial degradation in a large number, binding district crude oil feature, stratum temperature
The conditions such as degree, palliating degradation degree, derivation microorganism methane phase carbon isotope change curve.
Microorganism methane phase carbon isotope change curve in above-mentioned steps (2) passes through closed system Rayleigh isotope fractionation
Model is set up.The raw methanogenic carbon isotope of biodegraded crude oil by reaction temperature, reaction substrate Carbon Isotope Characteristics and
The impact of carbon dioxide reduction degree.Carbon isotopes of crude oils, thermogenic methane and carbon dioxide is generated according to study area hydrocarbon source rock
Carbon Isotope Characteristics sets simulation original delta13CCH4、δ13CCO2, the δ of undegraded crude oil13Coil, original CH4With CO2Content and
Degradable component in crude oil.Reservoir temperature is methane phase reaction temperature now.Determine according to Peters and Moldowan classification
Under different degraded ranks, alkane is to CO2And CH4Transforming degree.Can make and be suitable for study area crude oil under difference degraded rank
Oil degradation gas δ13CCH4With δ13CCO2Graph of a relation.
(3) oil-related gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio is determined
Binding district gas component, carbon isotope and crude oil biological marker compounds feature, identify natural gas sample
The most whether product palliating degradation degree, there is secondary change, and choose the Methane Carbon Isotope ratio of undegraded natural gas as local area heat
Origin cause of formation Methane Carbon Isotope ratio.
Whether the natural gas in above-mentioned steps (3) occurs degraded main by sentencing the Carbon Isotope Characteristics of hydrocarbon gas
Disconnected.Conventional organic oil-related gas has δ13C1＜ δ13C2＜ δ13C3＜ δ13C4Carbon isotope sequence, n-alkane carbon coordination
Element is straight line with the cultellation of carbon number inverse.The transformation of later stage microorganism and other being mixed into of natural gas of source will change
The form of cultellation.Therefore, δ is mainly passed through in the identification to study area Thermal origin end member gas13Cn-1/n does figure and judges.By δ13CnThe upper approximation of-1/n figure sample linearly is considered to be not affected by the oil-related gas of biogenic reworking, its δ13C1Represent in work area with
The Methane Carbon Isotope ratio of the oil-related gas that crude oil is generated along.
(4) oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio is determined
Natural gas sample is carried out carbon isotope analysis, determines the carbon coordination of methane and carbon dioxide in natural gas sample
Element ratio, judges oil degradation degree in conjunction with crude oil biological marker feature, according to the oil degradation gas first derived in step (2)
Alkane carbon isotope change curve, determines the carbon isotope ratio of oil degradation gas methane under the conditions of gaseous mixture sample local environment；
Above-mentioned steps (4) Crude Oil degraded Methane Carbon Isotope value is mainly by the δ set up in step (2)13CCH4With δ13CCO2Graph of a relation obtains.Analyzed the rank of oil degradation by Geochemical Characteristics of Crude Oils, choose corresponding change curve.In conjunction with
Surveyed natural gas δ13CCO2Data find this degraded rank and CO on curve2The carbon isotope of methane is generated under reducing degree
Ratio, and in this, as oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio.
(5) quantitative analysis natural gas mixed sourced proportion
On the basis of step (3) and step (4) determine end member Methane Carbon Isotope, by mass-conservation equation, calculate
The ratio of shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas.
The ratio of described shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas is calculated by mass-conservation equation, and formula is:
In formula, α is the ratio of shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas, δ13C1 (residual)For shallow layer gas Methane Carbon Isotope now
Ratio, δ13C1 (oil degradation)For the oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio obtained by step (5), δ13C1 (residual)For with crude oil one
Carbon isotope ratio with the methane generated.
The open a kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method of the present invention, first with sky in the present invention
So gas component, isotope number are it is judged that the origin cause of formation of shallow gas and component type.Binding based on the rayleigh model closed
District's geological conditions sets up oil degradation Methane Carbon Isotope model, multiparameter estimation (oil degradation degree, microbial reaction temperature
Degree, carbon dioxide reduction degree etc.) Methane Carbon Isotope value in oil degradation gas.In conjunction with thermogenic methane carbon in undegraded crude oil
Isotopic characteristic, comprehensive analysis oil-gas bearing basin shallow layer gas mixed sourced proportion.The present invention considers multiple geologic(al) factor, it is possible to full
The requirement that foot oil-gas bearing basin shallow layer gas mixed sourced proportion is analyzed, can be widely used in petroleum resources geological exploration field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle steps schematic diagram of the inventive method；
Fig. 2 is shallow gas genetic analysis bulk phasor；
Fig. 3 is shallow gas genetic analysis curve phasor；
Fig. 4 is the closed system Rayleigh fractionation box model schematic diagram that the inventive method is set up；
Fig. 5 is that the fractionation factor of different methanogen varies with temperature curve；
Fig. 6 is the oil degradation gas δ utilizing the inventive method to obtain13CCO2With δ13CCH4Change modeling curve；
Fig. 7 is Gudao oilfield and Bamianhe Oilfield shallow gas stable carbon isotope feature summary view.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, the illustrative examples invented at this and explanation
It is used for explaining the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
The present invention is described in further detail with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings；It is understood that it is described herein
Instantiation be used only for explaining the present invention, rather than limitation of the invention；It also should be noted that, for the ease of retouching
State, accompanying drawing illustrate only part related to the present invention rather than full content.
Embodiment chooses the Bamianhe Oilfield of Jiyang depression and Gudao oilfield sample illustrates.
Fig. 1 show the schematic diagram of the present invention a kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method.
According to the inventive method, the step of quantitative analysis Bamianhe and Gudao oilfield shallow gas mixed sourced proportion is as follows:
(1) the shallow gas origin cause of formation and component type are analyzed
Component according to study area shallow layer gas and isotopic characteristic, study plate Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 in conjunction with forefathers, determine
The origin cause of formation of shallow gas and component type.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 gives the sky of the different origins that different researcher divides according to Gas carbon isotopes ratio feature
So gas plate, by the shallow layer gas carbon of Bamianhe and Gudao oilfield with place value δ13C1And C1/C(2+3)Ratio substitutes into Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
In, it can be seen that most of natural gas methane content more general oil type upward adverse flow of QI of isolated island and Bamianhe Region, but isotopic ratio
Laying particular stress on than canonical biometric origin cause of formation gas, its feature is between accompanying gas with crude oil and biogas.Major part is oil-related gas and crude oil
The mixing of degraded gas.
(2) derivation oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope change curve
First, closed system Rayleigh isotope fractionation model is set up.What Fig. 4 showed is reaction conceptual model.Model represents
Bio-degradation reactions district at oil-water interfaces, be dissolved in water the crude oil existed with aqueous phase degraded by microorganism species and with
CO2And CH4For end product.The basic assumption of model is not have the leakage of oil degradation gas and being mixed into of other oil degradation gas.
Model once completed in the short time in early days of the crude oil in reservoir inject.Although meeting during Biodegraded Oil in the ideal case
There is the acetic acid of low concentration, but assume that all of acetic acid has been converted to CO2And CH4, and owing to acetic acid is from multiple forerunner
Thing, it is assumed that acetic acid does not occur isotope fractionation during generating between methyl carbon and carboxyl carbon.Model dropping in various degree
The hydro carbons solved is converted to CO2Component, CO2The change of content is reacted with hydrogen auxotype methane phase and acetic acid oxidation methane phase reacts
Relevant.Half CO in acetic acid decomposition reaction2It is converted into CH4, its fractionation factor is temperature controlled.All of CO2To CH4
Transforming degree different.H2Content effectively control CH4Generation, and think that its source is all the degraded of alkane.All
The component that can degrade is all by n-alkane CnH2n+2Stoichiometry and various independent hydrocarbon components carbon coordination
Element fractional distillation feature similarity.The fractional distillation of carbon isotope is affected by phase-state change to be ignored, and the supply of formation water and nutrient substance is not control
The factor of oil degradation processed.
In closed system, isotopic change formula is:
δprod=(δ0+1000)×(1-fα-1)/(1-f)-1000 (formula 2)
δ in formulaprodFor the isotopic ratio of product, δ0For the isotopic ratio that component is original, α is isotope fractionation
Coefficient, f is reactant Residual fraction.The isotopic ratio δ that component is original0Main by undegraded
The mensuration of carbon isotopes of crude oils obtains.Isotope fractionation factor is the key parameter simulating these processes.
Further, acetic acid decomposes methane phase fractionation factor methanogenic from hydrogen auxotype to the most different in document
The investigation of methane flora includes mesophilic bacteria and thermophilic bacteria.Generally, along with the rising of temperature, isotope fractionation system
Number is gradually lowered.But, the fractionation train of thermophilic bacteria does not appears to demonstrate variation with temperature trend.Generally speaking, acetic acid
Fermentation methane phase process is less than hydrogen auxotype methane phase to the fractionating degree of carbon isotope.Cultellation data are from H2-CO2Thermophilic carefully
Bacterium, H2-CO2Mesophilic bacteria and acetic acid and methane producing bacterium.Fig. 5 showing, acetic acid decomposes methanogen and hydrogen auxotype methane phase
Fractionation factor-the temperature relation of bacterium.Although fractionation factor is simultaneously by microorganism type and H2Control, it is evident that fractional distillation
Coefficient variation with temperature.The fractionation factor α of microbial reaction at a temperature of this is may determine that in conjunction with reservoir temperature.Differential responses journey
The lower reactant Residual fraction f of degree then determines with Peters and Moldowan classification (table 1).
Degradable components damaed cordition and discrimination standard summary sheet under table 1 different degraded rank
Further, carbon isotopes of crude oils, thermogenic methane and carbon dioxide carbon coordination are generated according to study area hydrocarbon source rock
Element feature-set simulation original delta13CCH4、δ13CCO2, the δ of undegraded crude oil13Coil, original CH4With CO2In content and crude oil
Degradable component.Reservoir temperature is methane phase reaction temperature now.Determine not according to Peters and Moldowan classification (table 1)
With alkane under degraded rank to CO2And CH4Transforming degree.Therefore oil degradation gas δ under different degraded rank can be made13CCH4
With δ13CCO2Graph of a relation (Fig. 6), utilizes this figure by oil degradation degree and δ13CCO2Value can draw corresponding oil degradation gas
δ13CCH4Value.
(3) oil-related gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio is determined
Whether shallow gas occurs degraded mainly by judging the Carbon Isotope Characteristics of hydrocarbon gas.Conventional organic heat becomes
Because gas has δ13C1＜ δ13C2＜ δ13C3＜ δ13C4Carbon isotope sequence, the cultellation that n-alkane carbon isotope and carbon number are reciprocal
In straight line.The transformation of later stage microorganism and other source natural gass be mixed into the form that will change cultellation.Therefore, right
δ is mainly passed through in the identification of study area Thermal origin end member gas13Cn-1/n does figure and judges.From Bamianhe Oilfield shown in Fig. 7 and
The δ of Gudao oilfield natural gas sample13CnIt can be seen that work area shallow gas δ in-1/n figure13CnThere is linear type in-1/n cultellation simultaneously
With broken line type two types.Linear expression natural gas is not affected by microorganism transformation and being mixed into of other source gas.In
The natural gas general heavy hydrocarbon component (C of broken line type2 +) lay particular stress on, methane is partially light, this main and microorganism to the consumption of heavy hydrocarbon component with
And the newly-generated biological methane with light Carbon Isotope Characteristics be mixed into relevant.
(4) oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio is determined
Oil degradation Methane Carbon Isotope value is mainly by the δ shown in Fig. 6 set up in step (2)13CCH4With δ13CCO2Close
System's figure obtains.By the existence situation to crude oil biological marker compounds, the grade scale in conjunction with forefathers determines oil degradation
Rank.Choose different degraded rank corresponding δ13CCH4-δ13CCO2Change curve.In conjunction with δ13CCO2Data find this on curve
Degraded rank and CO2The carbon isotope value of methane is generated under reducing degree.Fig. 6 shows Gudao oilfield and Bamianhe oil
The Methane Carbon Isotope ratio of field difference METHOD OF SHALLOW GAS RESERVOIRS Crude Oil degraded gas.As can be seen from the results, different carbon dioxide are also
Oil degradation gas under former degree has different Methane Carbon Isotope ratio, estimates for crude oil biological fall Methane Carbon Isotope
Calculate relatively in the past the most accurate.
(5) quantitative analysis natural gas mixed sourced proportion
On the basis of step (3) and step (4) determine end member Methane Carbon Isotope, by mass-conservation equation, calculate
The ratio of shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas.
The ratio of described shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas is calculated by mass-conservation equation, and formula is:
In formula, α is the ratio of shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas, δ13C1 (residual)For shallow layer gas Methane Carbon Isotope now
Ratio, δ13C1 (oil degradation)For the oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio obtained by step (5), δ13C1 (residual)For with crude oil one
Carbon isotope ratio with the methane generated.Gas ratio of degrading in table 2 is the result utilizing mass-conservation equation to obtain, from result
In it can be seen that ratio shared by METHOD OF SHALLOW GAS RESERVOIRS Crude Oil biodegradation gas differ the bigger gap of existence, crude oil biological drops
The ratio vented one's spleen is from 33%～78%, and this there is also bigger for the scale of METHOD OF SHALLOW GAS RESERVOIRS bottom degradation-type heavy crude reservoir
Difference, the later stage to treat with a certain discrimination for the exploration of this type of degradation-type heavy crude reservoir.
Table 2 utilizes the typical oil field shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas ratio value that the inventive method is estimated
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, at this
On the basis of disclosure of the invention application process and principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, it is not limited solely to this
Method described by invention the studies above district detailed description of the invention, the most previously described mode the most preferably, and does not have
The meaning of restrictive.
Claims (8)
1. an oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method, it is characterised in that: described method includes following step
Rapid:
(1) the shallow gas origin cause of formation and component type are determined；
(2) derivation oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope change curve；
(3) oil-related gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio is determined；
(4) oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio is determined；
(5) quantitative analysis shallow gas mixed sourced proportion.
A kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Shallow gas genetic type in described step (1) is obtained by gas component and isotope analysis.
A kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described step (2) is on the basis of setting up closed system Rayleigh isotope fractionation model, according to study area crude oil feature, stratum
Temperature and palliating degradation degree condition, derive oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope change curve.
A kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:
Described oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope change curve refers to δ13CCH4With δ13CCO2Graph of a relation.
A kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described step (3) passes through binding district shallow gas component, carbon isotope and crude oil biological marker compounds feature, and with hydrocarbon
After the Carbon Isotope Characteristics of class gas judges shallow layer gas sample degradation degree, then the methane carbon choosing undegraded natural gas is same
Position element ratio is as oil-related gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio.
A kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio in described step (4) is mainly by the δ set up in step (2)13CCH4With δ13CCO2
Graph of a relation obtains.
A kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described step (5) is the oil-related gas and oil degradation Methane Carbon Isotope ratio determined respectively in described step (3) and step (4)
On the basis of value, utilize mass-conservation equation, calculate the ratio of shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas.
A kind of oil-gas bearing basin shallow gas mixed sourced proportion quantitatively characterizing method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:
The ratio computing formula of described shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas is:
In formula, α is the ratio of shallow gas Crude Oil degraded gas, δ13C1 (residual)For shallow layer gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio now,
δ13C1 (oil degradation)For the oil degradation gas Methane Carbon Isotope ratio obtained by described step (5), δ13C1 (residual)For with crude oil together
The carbon isotope ratio of the methane generated.
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| CN112149306A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-29 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Carbon isotope fractionation calculation method in natural gas analysis process and application |
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| CN112149306B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-05-18 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Carbon isotope fractionation calculation method in natural gas analysis process and application |
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