CN106249234B - A kind of InSAR water area interferometric phase unwrapping method - Google Patents
A kind of InSAR water area interferometric phase unwrapping method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of InSAR water area interferometric phase unwrapping methods, the characteristics of being closer to using the elevation of water area two sides, compensate the interferometric phase of water area according to the interferometric phase approximation of water area two sides level terrain respectively；To water body flow direction along distance to and the water area of orientation can carry out phase compensation, adaptability is good, avoids the phase noise of the water area caused phase error when solution twines and propagates；When water area divides interferometric phase image to form not connected region, the shortcomings that conventional method can not determine relative phase between not connected region is overcome；Interferometric phase compensation is carried out without all pixels to water area in practical application, it is only necessary to phase compensation be carried out to the pixel that not connected region can be connected to, data processing amount is small, reduces computation complexity, improves the computational efficiency of phase unwrapping.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of interferometric synthetic aperture radar signal processing, in particular to an interferometric phase unwrapping method for an InSAR water body area.
Background
The Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) extracts elevation information or change information of the earth surface by using Interferometric phase information of two channels of the SAR, expands the measurement of the SAR to a three-dimensional space, and has the characteristics of all-time, all-weather and high precision, so that the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is widely applied to a plurality of fields such as topographic mapping, glacier research, ocean mapping, ground settlement monitoring and the like.
However, due to the periodicity of the trigonometric function, the interference phase is wound between (-pi, pi) and cannot reflect the real ground elevation, and the process of recovering the winding phase to the real phase corresponding to the terrain elevation is called phase unwrapping.
When the water body area is irradiated by radar beams, the surface of the water body area is relatively smooth and generates mirror-like reflection, so that the target backscattering coefficient is low, echo signals are weak, the coherence between interference image pairs is poor, the interference phase noise is serious, residual error points are dense, and the propagation of unwrapping errors is easily caused particularly when the water body area is large. It is common practice to detect and mask low coherence regions before phase unwrapping, and avoid these regions from processing during unwrapping, thereby preventing the integration path from crossing and causing error propagation. However, after directly masking the low coherence region, it is easy to form unconnected regions in the interference phase pattern, and the phase relative value between the unconnected regions cannot be obtained, resulting in phase discontinuity. Therefore, in order to meet the requirement of InSAR application on the interference phase unwrapping precision, a water body region interference phase unwrapping method capable of effectively avoiding error propagation is urgently needed in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an interferometric phase unwrapping method for an InSAR water body area.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides an interferometric phase unwrapping method for an InSAR water body area, which comprises the following steps: step A: detecting a water body area in the InSAR amplitude image; and B: judging the water body flow direction for the water body area mask; and C: selecting a starting point and an ending point of phase fitting at two sides of the water body area according to the water body flow direction; step D: compensating the interference phase of the water body area based on the initial point and the end point of the phase fitting; and step E: and after the interference phase of the water body area is compensated, phase unwrapping is carried out on the interference phase diagram to obtain an unwrapped phase.
Preferably, the step a includes: setting a grayscale threshold KaAnd if the gray value in the InSAR amplitude image is lower than the gray threshold value KaThe pixel of (a) is determined as a water body region.
Preferably, the step A further comprises: setting a first threshold value K of the coherence factorbIf the coherent coefficient in the InSAR amplitude image is lower than the first coherent coefficient threshold value KbThe pixel of (a) is determined as a water body region.
Preferably, the step C includes: and for the water body area with the water body flow direction along the distance direction, selecting a starting point and an ending point of phase fitting along the azimuth direction at two sides of the water body area of each distance gate.
Preferably, the step C includes: and for the water body area with the water body flow direction along the azimuth direction, selecting a starting point and an ending point of phase fitting along the distance direction at two sides of the water body area of each azimuth gate.
Preferably, the distance between the nearest water body region boundary and the coherence coefficient is greater than a second coherence coefficient threshold value KcAs the starting and ending points of the phase fit.
Preferably, the step D includes: performing phase compensation on the water body area along the azimuth direction, wherein the interference phase compensation value phi of the water body area pixel of each distance gatewaterComprises the following steps:
wherein,andfitting interference phases of a starting point and an ending point for phases selected along the azimuth direction at two sides of the water body area of each range gate respectively; n is a radical ofaThe width of the water body area along the azimuth direction; daThe number of pixels of the position to be compensated from the starting point is the number of pixels.
Preferably, the step D includes: calculating an interference phase ambiguity number caused by the change of the slant distance of the water body area; and performing phase compensation on the water body area along the distance direction.
Preferably, the number k of interference phase ambiguity caused by the slope distance change of the water body region is as follows:
wherein, Delta R is the change of the slope distance, Delta phi is the change of the interference phase caused when the change of the slope distance is Delta R, B⊥Is a vertical baseline, lambda is radar wavelength, R is slope, theta is visual angle, Q is InSAR working mode, when InSAR is one-transmitting and two-receiving mode, Q is 1, when InSAR is ping-pong mode, Q is 2,indicating a rounding down.
Preferably, the interference phase compensation value phi of the water body region pixel of each azimuth gateｗaterComprises the following steps:
wherein,andrespectively fitting interference phases of a starting point and an end point for phases selected along the distance direction at two sides of a water body area of each azimuth gate, NrWidth of water body region in the direction of distance, drThe number of pixels of the position to be compensated from the starting point is the number of pixels.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the technical scheme, the interferometric phase unwrapping method for the InSAR water body area has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the characteristic that the elevations of the two banks of the water body area are relatively close is utilized, and the interference phases of the water body area are approximately compensated according to the interference phases of the flat terrains of the two banks of the water body area;
(2) the two conditions of the water body flow direction along the distance direction and the azimuth direction are distinguished, phase compensation can be carried out on the water body areas of the water body flow direction along the distance direction and the azimuth direction, and the adaptability is good, so that phase error propagation caused by phase noise of the water body areas when unwrapping is avoided;
(3) when the interference phase diagram is divided into the unconnected areas in the water body area, the defect that the relative phase between the unconnected areas cannot be determined by the traditional method is overcome;
(4) in practical application, interference phase compensation is not required to be carried out on all pixels in the water body area, and only phase compensation is required to be carried out on pixels which are not communicated with the water body area, so that the data processing amount is small, the calculation complexity is reduced, and the calculation efficiency of phase unwrapping is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an interferometric phase unwrapping method for an InSAR water body region according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an InSAR amplitude image containing a water body region;
FIG. 3 is a correlation coefficient plot;
FIG. 4 is a mask map of a water body region;
FIG. 5 is an interference phase diagram;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the results of phase unwrapping the interference phase of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the interference phase after phase compensation;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the results of phase unwrapping FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a comparison of the orientation of the DEM obtained from the unwrapping phase solution of fig. 6 and 8 as indicated by the black line in fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an interferometric phase unwrapping method for an InSAR water body area, which aims to overcome the defect that the existing interferometric phase unwrapping method is easy to cause phase error propagation, so that the accuracy of interferometric phase unwrapping is improved.
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an interferometric phase unwrapping method for an InSAR water body region, where the method includes:
step A: and detecting a water body region in the InSAR amplitude image.
The water body area shows an obvious dark area on the InSAR amplitude image, and according to the characteristic, a gray threshold method is adopted to detect the water body area in the step A, namely, a gray threshold K is setaSetting the gray value in the InSAR amplitude image to be lower than KaThe pixel of (2) is judged as a water body area, preferably, K is more than or equal to 10 and is more than or equal to 255 for InSAR amplitude images with the pixel gray value of 0-255a≤20。
Further, in order to detect the water body region more accurately, the determination result of the gray threshold method may be corrected, that is, according to the characteristic that the coherence coefficient of the water body region is low, the coherence coefficient threshold method is further adopted to perform secondary detection on the water body region determined by the gray threshold method, that is, the first coherence coefficient threshold K is setbAnd 0.5 is less than or equal to KbAnd (4) less than or equal to 0.7, determining the pixels with the correlation coefficient lower than the first correlation coefficient threshold value in the water body area determined by the gray threshold value method as the water body area.
Preferably, after the water body region is detected by using a gray threshold method and a coherence coefficient threshold method, the InSAR amplitude image may be processed by using a morphological closed operation, so as to regularize the edge of the detected water body region.
The method for obtaining the correlation coefficient and the morphological closing operation are common knowledge in the art, and are not described herein again.
And B: and (5) judging the flow direction of the water body by masking the water body area.
And in the step B, judging the flow direction of the water body by observing the water flow trend of the water body area. If the water body trend penetrates through the distance direction of the whole InSAR amplitude image, the water body flow direction is the distance direction; and if the water body trend runs through the azimuth direction of the whole InSAR amplitude image, the water body flow direction is along the azimuth direction.
And C: and selecting a starting point and an ending point of phase fitting at two sides of the water body area according to the flow direction of the water body.
In the step C, if the water body flow direction is along the distance direction, selecting a starting point and an ending point of phase fitting along the direction at two sides of the water body area of each distance gate; and if the water body flow direction is along the azimuth direction, selecting a starting point and an ending point of phase fitting along the distance direction on two sides of the water body area of each azimuth gate.
Specifically, when a starting point and an end point of phase fitting are selected, the position which is closest to the boundary of the water body area and has a coherence coefficient larger than a second coherence coefficient threshold value K is selectedcAs a starting point and an end point to ensure reliability of the phases of the selected starting point and end point, wherein the second coherence coefficient threshold Kc＞0.9。
Step D: and compensating the interference phase of the water body area based on the starting point and the end point of the phase fitting.
The step D comprises the following steps: if the water body flow direction is along the distance direction, phase compensation is required along the azimuth direction. The interference phase is related to the slope and height information of the target at the same time, and the interference phase only follows the target for the same range gateThe height varies. For the water body area with the water body flow direction along the distance direction, the elevation change along the azimuth direction is generally smaller, so the interference phase change along the azimuth direction of the water body area is within one phase period, the interference phase of the water body area can be compensated through a linear fitting method, and the interference phase compensation value phi of each distance gate water body area pixelwaterComprises the following steps:
wherein,andfitting interference phases of a starting point and an ending point for phases selected along the azimuth direction at two sides of the water body area of each range gate respectively; n is a radical ofaThe width of the water body area along the azimuth direction, namely the number of pixels of the water body area along the azimuth direction; daThe number of pixels of the position to be compensated from the starting point is the number of pixels.
If the water body flow direction is along the azimuth direction, phase compensation is required along the distance direction. In this case, the interference phase in the same azimuth will vary with the slant range and the height of the target. Under the assumption that there is almost no elevation change on both sides of the water body, the nearly flat terrain still generates periodically-varying interference phase, which is called flat land effect. The interference phase change along the distance direction on both sides of the water body can exceed one phase period under the influence of the flat ground effect. In this case, it would not be possible to directly compensate the interfering phases of the water body regions along the distance direction using the linear fitting method, which would result in a wrong phase ambiguity number, and further propagate the error to other regions during unwrapping. Therefore, to avoid the propagation of phase errors in the water body region by the phase compensation method, the phase ambiguity number caused by the flat earth effect needs to be estimated first, and on the basis, the phase can be compensated by linear fitting according to the same method as the water body flow direction along the distance direction.
Firstly, calculating an interference phase ambiguity number k caused by slope distance change of a water body region:
wherein, Delta R is the change of the slope distance, Delta phi is the change of the interference phase caused when the change of the slope distance is Delta R, B⊥Is a vertical baseline, lambda is radar wavelength, R is slope, theta is visual angle, Q is InSAR working mode, when InSAR is one-transmitting and two-receiving mode, Q is 1, when InSAR is ping-pong mode, Q is 2,indicating a rounding down.
Then linearly fitting the interference phase of the water body area, and compensating the interference phase of the water body area pixel of each azimuth gate by using the interference phase compensation value phiwaterComprises the following steps:
wherein,andrespectively fitting interference phases of a starting point and an end point for phases selected along the distance direction at two sides of a water body area of each azimuth gate, NrThe width of the water body area along the distance direction, i.e. the number of pixels of the water body area along the distance direction, drThe number of pixels of the position to be compensated from the starting point is the number of pixels.
The purpose of phase compensation is to connect the disconnected regions divided by the water body region, so that in practical application, it is not necessary to perform interference phase compensation on the water body region pixels of all the azimuth gates and the distance gates, and only the pixels which can connect the disconnected regions are subjected to phase compensation, and usually the pixels in 50 azimuth directions or distance directions of the water body region are subjected to interference phase compensation.
Therefore, the method approximately compensates the interference phase of the water body area according to the interference phase of the flat landforms on the two banks of the water body area respectively by utilizing the characteristic that the elevations of the two banks of the water body area are relatively close; the two conditions of the water body flow direction along the distance direction and the azimuth direction are distinguished, phase compensation can be carried out on the water body areas of the water body flow direction along the distance direction and the azimuth direction, and the adaptability is good, so that phase error propagation caused by phase noise of the water body areas when unwrapping is avoided; when the interference phase diagram is divided into the unconnected areas in the water body area, the defect that the relative phase between the unconnected areas cannot be determined by the traditional method can be overcome; in addition, in practical application, interference phase compensation is not required to be carried out on all pixels in the water body area, and only phase compensation is required to be carried out on pixels which are not communicated with the water body area, so that the data processing amount is small, the calculation complexity is reduced, and the calculation efficiency of phase unwrapping is improved.
Step E: and after the interference phase of the water body area is compensated, phase unwrapping is carried out on the interference phase diagram to obtain an unwrapped phase.
The method for phase unwrapping of the interference phase diagram can be a Goldstein pruning method or a quality diagram-guided path tracking method, which are all common knowledge in the art and will not be described herein again.
The validity of the method of the invention is verified by the measured data. Fig. 2 is an InSAR amplitude image including a water body region, fig. 3 is a coherence coefficient map, fig. 4 is a mask map of the water body region, fig. 5 is an interference phase map, and fig. 6 is a result of phase unwrapping of fig. 5. It can be seen from fig. 4 that the image is divided into two areas, i.e., left and right, by the water area in the scene, which are not connected, and therefore phase compensation is required along the distance direction. Fig. 7 is a diagram of an interference phase after phase compensation, and fig. 8 is a result of phase unwrapping of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 shows a comparison of the DEM obtained by phase unwrapping in the azimuth direction indicated by the black line in fig. 5, and it can be seen that without phase compensation, the DEM has large jumps on both sides of the water body area, and the DEM after phase compensation is basically continuous and consistent with the actual situation.
So far, the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should clearly understand that the interferometric phase unwrapping method for InSAR water body area of the present invention.
It is to be noted that, in the attached drawings or in the description, the implementation modes not shown or described are all the modes known by the ordinary skilled person in the field of technology, and are not described in detail. In addition, the above definitions of the respective elements are not limited to the various manners mentioned in the embodiments, and those skilled in the art may easily modify or replace them, for example:
(1) directional phrases used in the embodiments, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., refer only to the orientation of the attached drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention;
(2) the embodiments described above may be mixed and matched with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations, i.e. technical features in different embodiments may be freely combined to form further embodiments.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An interferometric phase unwrapping method for InSAR water body areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: detecting a water body area in the InSAR amplitude image;
and B: judging the water body flow direction for the water body area mask;
and C: selecting a starting point and an ending point of phase fitting at two sides of the water body area according to the water body flow direction;
step D: compensating the interference phase of the water body area based on the initial point and the end point of the phase fitting; and
step E: after the interference phase of the water body area is compensated, phase unwrapping is carried out on the interference phase diagram to obtain an unwrapped phase;
performing interference phase compensation on 50 pixels in azimuth direction or distance direction of the water body area;
the step A comprises the following steps: setting a gray threshold Ka, determining pixels with gray values lower than the gray threshold Ka in the InSAR amplitude image as water body areas, and determining Ka to be more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 20 for the InSAR amplitude image with the gray values of the pixels of 0-255; further, performing secondary detection on the water body region determined by the gray level threshold method by adopting a coherence coefficient threshold method, namely setting a first coherence coefficient threshold Kb, determining a pixel with a coherence coefficient lower than the first coherence coefficient threshold Kb in the InSAR amplitude image as the water body region, wherein Kb is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.7; processing the InSAR amplitude image by using morphological closed operation, and regularizing the edge of the detected water body area;
for a region of the body of water where the direction of flow of the body of water is along the distance direction, the step C comprises: selecting a starting point and an ending point of phase fitting along the azimuth direction at two sides of each range gate water body area; the step D comprises the following steps: performing phase compensation on the water body area along the azimuth direction, wherein the interference phase compensation value phi of the water body area pixel of each distance gatewaterComprises the following steps:
wherein,andfitting interference phases of a starting point and an ending point for phases selected along the azimuth direction at two sides of the water body area of each range gate respectively; n is a radical ofaThe width of the water body area along the azimuth direction; daThe number of pixels at the position to be compensated from the starting point is the number of pixels;
for a region of the body of water where the direction of flow of the body of water is in an azimuthal direction, step C comprises: selecting a starting point and an ending point of phase fitting along the distance direction at two sides of the water body area of each azimuth gate; the step D comprises the following steps: calculating an interference phase ambiguity number caused by the change of the slant distance of the water body area; performing phase compensation on the water body area along the distance direction; the interference phase ambiguity number k caused by the slope distance change of the water body area is as follows:
wherein, Delta R is the change of the slope distance, Delta phi is the change of the interference phase caused when the change of the slope distance is Delta R, B⊥Is a vertical baseline, lambda is radar wavelength, R is slope, theta is visual angle, Q is InSAR working mode, when InSAR is one-transmitting and two-receiving mode, Q is 1, when InSAR is ping-pong mode, Q is 2,represents rounding down;
interference phase compensation value phi of water body area pixel of each azimuth gatewaterComprises the following steps:
wherein,andrespectively fitting interference phases of a starting point and an end point for phases selected along the distance direction at two sides of a water body area of each azimuth gate, NrWidth of water body region in the direction of distance, drThe number of pixels at the position to be compensated from the starting point is the number of pixels;
nearest to the boundary of the water body area and with the coherence coefficient larger than a second coherence coefficient threshold value KcAs a phaseThe starting point and the end point of the bit fitting, and a second coherence coefficient threshold Kc>0.9。
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