CN106238705B - large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method - Google Patents
large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106238705B CN106238705B CN201610657240.8A CN201610657240A CN106238705B CN 106238705 B CN106238705 B CN 106238705B CN 201610657240 A CN201610657240 A CN 201610657240A CN 106238705 B CN106238705 B CN 106238705B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
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Abstract
The invention discloses large thin-wall impeller manufacturing methods, improve exhaust by the way that annular groove and venting plug are arranged in the upper mold of mold, cooling cone is set in upper mold and cooling ring is set to improve casting cooling velocity in upper mold upper surface, while being conducive to bottom molten aluminum heat preservation and feeding to casting using sand mold in plaster core bottom；It is vented by improvement on inventive die and what is cooled down can realize that Forming Quality is good to the monoblock cast program of the large-sized impeller of thin-walled, precision is high；The first disc of impeller end is positioned by the way that the first recess portion is arranged, and impeller is lock onto by bottom plate by the first compressing member, without welding, is fixed conveniently quick, after the machining for carrying out the first round to impeller；The second recess portion is arranged again to position the second disc of impeller, and is fastened by the second compressing member, realization divide ordered pair impeller to be machined out, avoid it is unprocessed because of fixture or other reasons to certain faces happen, improve impeller surface precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to impeller manufacturing fields, more particularly to large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method.
Background technology
Impeller is the products such as the hydraulic turbine, steam turbine, aero-engine, rocket engine, expanding machine, pump, wind turbine, compressor
On important component, effect is gas to flowing through or liquid carries out supercharging or energy conversion.Impeller is usually by wheel disc, leaf
The parts such as piece, connector form, and are divided into open type, half-closed, double shrouded wheel by its structure.
The big multi wall of closed impeller is thin, and leaf curling is complicated, and dimensional accuracy and surface roughness requirements are high, nothing
Method is made using mechanical processing, in order to obtain precision and the high impeller of surface roughness, needs to use hot investment casting flow, due to
Hot investment casting production process is complicated, and technical difficulty is big, is generally all used as blank method of producing.And big for complicated, size,
The double shrouded wheel of thin-walled directly uses the prior art, and there are the shortcomings of following several respects：
1) when low pressure casting large thin-wall impeller, the control of entire casting process pressure can not be used and common impeller
The same control mode of low pressure casting, large thin-wall impeller in the control of pressure in casting process for requiring more precisely, pressure
The process of control will also be more in line with the characteristics of large thin-wall impeller；
2) when the casting for being carried out large thin-wall impeller using existing casting mould is processed, often due to itself mold knot
Structure it is unreasonable, the cooling sequence of upper and lower mould is non-from top to bottom, while impeller casting is all to be cooled down from outside to inside, impeller
Inner vanes structure is unable to get effective cooling effect, and the cooling velocity of impeller casting is inhomogenous in entire cooling procedure, cold
But degree is inhomogenous, and the defects of shrinkage porosite occurs in the impeller casting of final molding；
3) since the diameter dimension of large thin-wall impeller is larger, existing casting mould is in casting large-scale impeller, mold
Poor air permeability, cause casting process exhaust it is unsmooth, cast solution filled in mold when will produce resistance, cause impeller to be cast
There is gas in misrun phenomenon or mold and arranges generation molten metal gas-in-liquid phenomenon of not going out in part, and impeller casting is made to generate
The defects of stomata, sand holes, structure property is low, influences the performance of impeller casting；
4) since the wall of impeller is than relatively thin, in particular for large thin-wall double shrouded wheel, thinnest part is less than 1.2mm, directly
Clamping be easy to cause deformation and rupture, is damaged to impeller, is further not only subsequent Vehicle Processing band difficulty, but also
After being damaged in most cases to impeller, impeller will be scrapped, and production cost is considerably increased；
5) because clamping tool is complex, more face is not machined on impeller, largely reduces Vehicle Processing
Precision；Impeller is directly arranged on impeller support bottom plate, is not carried out an effective positioning to impeller, is added in this way in vehicle
It is easy to make impeller surface crack because of vibrations during work, concurrently there are larger security risk, further decrease processing
Precision；
6) during heat treatment, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, the upper impeller of impeller, lower impeller are very thin, are reaching solid solution temperature
When spending, almost without mechanical performance, it is easy to by the cooling dielectric breakdown of flowing, cause to deform or rupture.Cooling medium, from adjacent
Gap, that is, impeller of blade radially into, upper impeller and lower impeller can be caused collision so that impeller is deformed, very
To cracking, as shown in figure 8, upper impeller and lower impeller deform up and down respectively, it is detached from theoretical correct position, is unfavorable for
The precision manufactureing of impeller.
7) for part impeller, impeller axis position is shorter than the height of impeller, and in impeller heat treatment process, impeller is put
When being placed on bottom plate, central shaft hole does not have any support, causes equally to be easy to generate deformation due to gravity at central shaft hole,
Or the support of central shaft hole is not applied for a variety of various sizes of impellers, leads to impeller axis position during heat treatment
Deformation is easy tod produce because not having support.
Therefore, it is necessary to the manufacturing methods to impeller further to be researched and analysed；In addition, the prior art is not only complete
Kind means manufacture large thin-wall impeller, and to the casting and manufacture of other large thin-wall complexity aluminum components, such as large thin-wall
Bearing, pressure vessel and applied to the large thin wall casting in space flight, national defence and auto industry, equally exist more lack
It falls into, therefore, it is necessary to do further further investigation to relevant issues.
Invention content
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of large thin-wall impeller manufacturing methods, should
Method is directed to the problem of large-scale impeller manufacture, makes suitable, the mold of good permeability, core and sand mold or gypsum
Type, and the condition of casting can effectively be controlled in casting process, meanwhile, by suitable fixture, greatly improve leaf
Machining accuracy is taken turns, and during heat treatment, cooling medium is can effectively prevent and impeller impeller is caused to wash away and leads to impeller
The generation of deformation can avoid impeller center axis hole and deform.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
Large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method, is as follows：
1) core, sand mold and mold of pump vane casting are prepared according to the shape of impeller；
2) assembling die, core and sand mold form casting mould and are connect with low-pressure casting apparatus；
3) founding materials are placed in low-pressure casting apparatus, which carries out low pressure along setting pressure curve and fill mold casting, with
Large thin-wall impeller with high accuracy is obtained, so that impeller surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 6.3 μm after last cooling；
4) it fills after the completion of type, casting mould is cooled down；
5) after casting cooling, demoulding is machined out casting.
In order to realize that diameter is more than 600mm, the even manufacture of the large thin-wall impeller of 850mm, 1000mm, in of the invention
Using low pressure casting condition appropriate and cooling scheme, the finished product rate that not only manufactures is high, but also surface accuracy is same
Guarantee has been arrived, has been tested by applicant, size, correlation test condition by adjusting casting molds, above-mentioned method can be with
For manufacturing small-sized thin-walled impeller (diameter is less than 600mm).
Wherein, setting pressure curve is divided into sequentially connected liter of liquid stage, fills type stage, supercharging rank in the step 3)
Section and packing stage, the liter liquid speed degree for rising the liquid stage are 0.0009-0.003MPa/s, and liter hydraulic coupling is 0.01-0.05MPa；It fills
The filling velocity in type stage is 0.012-0.025MPa/s, mold filling pressure 0.08-0.10MPa；The pumping rate of pressurization stages
For 0.015-0.035MPa/s, boost pressure 0.20-0.40MPa；The dwell pressure of packing stage is 0.20-0.40MPa.
The specific make step of core is as follows in the step 1)：
2-1) by blade fusible pattern in plaster core mold；
2-2) gypsum slurry for removing bubble is filled under vacuum in plaster core mold, and vibrates deaeration；
2-3) after plaster core stands solidification, dried gypsum core is simultaneously modified.
Under vacuum perfusion have good forming property, perfusion it is once i.e. plastic, technique is relatively simple, fabrication cycle compared with
Short, blade fusible pattern uses low-melting alloy, has preferable intensity, is unlikely to deform, produces blade shape consistency in core
It is good.
To achieve the goals above, the system for completing plaster core making may be used, which includes a case
Body, the babinet are connected with vacuum extractor；Plaster core mold is installed in the inside of the babinet, in gypsum mould core model
Low-melting alloy impeller blade is inlaid in tool, slurry vibrates in the bottom of plaster core mold is equipped with to core mold
The vibrator of deaeration；Feed inlet is equipped at the top of vacuum tank, feed inlet is equipped with loading hopper, the lower section of loading hopper be equipped with
The diversion trench that mold casting gate is connected in vacuum tank, top of the box is equipped with the glass for observing vacuum tank inner workings
Form.
In step 2-3) in, after plaster core stands solidification, plaster core is positioned on dry bracket and is dried,
The problems such as to solve unbalance stress, deformation, crackle in impeller plaster core drying process.
The mold of casting impeller includes the upper die and lower die of upper and lower corresponding setting in the step 1), and the upper mold is under
The sand mold is equipped in the cavity that mould is formed, the sand mold top is equipped with to form the type of impeller inner cavity and blade
Core；It is equipped with for carrying out the first cooling cooling end to impeller internal in the upper mold, is equipped in the lower die for casting solution
The cast gate of entrance, the top of the upper mold are equipped with multiple second cooling ends for carrying out jet cooling to upper mold, the upper mold
Lower surface be equipped with multiple exhaust portions for the gas generated in casting process to be exhausted；Core and sand are used in mold
The feeding of type being combined with conducive to bottom molten aluminum heat preservation and to casting；Annular groove is arranged in upper mold to arrange the gas that casting generates
Go out, improves the exhaust of pump vane casting.
Further, first cooling end is cooling cone, cooling medium is passed through in the first cooling end, described second is cold
But portion is cooling ring, and the opening blown to upper mold upper surface is provided in the cooling ring bottom；What is be arranged in upper mold is cold
But ring and cooling cone can be very good to improve the cooling velocity of casting, improve shrinkage porosite；By to first cooling end and described
It is passed through cooling medium in second cooling end to cool down, effectively improves Impeller Shaping rate, cooling velocity is fast.
The step of at least three support core is arranged in the sand mold bottom, is equipped between step and is dropped down for what casting solution entered
Road, step can also use stepped form or other possible forms such as blocky, ladder-like, the step support core of sand mold,
Dropping down between step enters in-mold molding for casting solution.
Sand mold includes sand mold baffle plate in the step 1), and the sand mould floor peripheral is fixed with outside vertical sand mold
Frame, the outer arch of the sand mold are fixedly connected with sand mould top plate, are combined between the sand mould top plate and sand mold baffle plate
Sand mould, the gap between sand mold baffle plate, sand mold outline border, sand mould top plate and sand mould are sand mold cavity, the core side
Have to form the first setting gap of impeller under impeller between face and sand mold, the gap between core side and sand mold is formed
Impeller on impeller has between the core upper surface and upper mold to form the second setting gap of impeller on impeller；Core
Gap between upper surface and upper mold forms impeller under impeller, to form enclosed impeller structure；The core is internally provided with
It is a plurality of forming the gap of impeller blade；Upper multiple gaps compatible with the blade shape of impeller are set in core, are used
To form the blade of impeller in casting process.
In order to further increase the surface accuracy of impeller finished product, impeller is machined with：Roughing, casting are repaiied
Whole, casting flaw detection and casting finishing.
Casting is finished and is as follows：
3-1) impeller end great circle face is positioned in the first recess portion of bottom plate working face；
3-2) rotary setting to impeller under impeller compress and by tight in the first compressing member on bottom plate to closed position
Firmware is locked；
Lathe machining device 3-3) is used to carry out accurate machining to the inner circle of impeller, curved surface and end face；
3-4) step 3-3) after the completion of, impeller is unloaded and is spun upside down, by impeller to open position by the first compressing member of rotation
The small disc in end is positioned in the second recess portion；
After 3-5) compressing impeller by the second compressing member, to step 3-4) in unprocessed impeller face carry out Precision Machining.
Impeller is finished by the method for suitable fixture and overturning, realization divides ordered pair impeller to carry out machine and adds
Work, avoid it is unprocessed because of fixture or other reasons to certain faces happen, further increase impeller surface precision.
Specifically, in order to realize above-mentioned finishing, the fixture of use includes bottom plate, and bottom plate working face is equipped with and is arranged concentrically
The first recess portion and the second recess portion, when impeller is horizontally disposed with, impeller end great circle face be the first disc of impeller end, impeller end
The small disc in portion is the second disc of impeller end, and the first recess portion coordinates with the first disc of impeller end, the second recess portion and impeller end
Second disc coordinates, and the edge of the first recess portion is equipped with the first compressing member for compressing impeller wall, and the center of the second recess portion is removable
It unloads equipped with the second compressing member for the second disc of impeller end to be lock onto to bottom plate, such first recess portion and impeller end first
Disc coordinates, and plays a quick positioning action, and impeller is lock onto bottom plate by the first compressing member, when impeller is double shrouded wheel,
First compressing member can compress impeller under impeller the entire compression realized to impeller；After impeller is overturn, the second recess portion
Coordinate with the second disc of impeller end, equally plays quick positioning action, be fixed by the second compressing member.
Further, heat treating castings are as follows：
Support component 4-1) is set above heat-resisting supporting plate；
4-2) impeller is placed on heat-resisting supporting plate and lifting gear is set and is connect with support component, realizes this covering device pair
The support of different size size impeller；
The height that support component 4-3) is adjusted by lifting gear is used to support the central shaft hole of impeller；
4-4) space between each adjacent blades be respectively provided with impeller fix protection structure covering two impeller of impeller with
Prevent impeller in heat treatment from deforming；
4-5) it is heat-treated；
4-6) after the completion of step 5), cooling medium is passed through out of impeller fixes protection structure runner mouth.
In addition, after the completion of the step 5), using each coordinate point value of three-dimensional coordinates measurement pipes' analysis and machining dimension,
And static and dynamic equilibrium and overspeed test are carried out to impeller, to obtain impeller stability data.
Specifically, it includes being set to upper impeller cover plate and lower impeller that the impeller used in heat treatment process, which fixes protection structure,
Cover plate, upper impeller cover plate can be one piece and be obliquely installed or horizontally disposed plate, as long as can be so that cooling medium avoid
It is in direct contact with upper impeller, upper impeller cover plate can be connect with lower impeller cover plate by a hollow framework, should
The hollow space of framework is cooling medium stream road junction, and such upper leaf plate cover plate is connected with lower impeller cover plate by runner mouth
It is connected in one.In order to improve protecting effect, it is provided with impeller card slot in the middle part of upper leaf plate cover plate and is used for the end of upper impeller
Portion is stuck in card slot, and protection impeller effect is ideal.
Using heat treatment method provided by the invention, it can effectively prevent deformation of the impeller impeller in heat treatment and generate, together
When cooling medium can also further increase the quality of workpiece into impeller internal by the runner mouth of impeller fixing protector
And precision.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) make pump vane casting plaster core using low-melting alloy blade, using gypsum mixed slurry grouting at
Shape, under vacuum perfusion there is good forming property, perfusion is once i.e. plastic, and technique is relatively simple, and fabrication cycle is shorter, low
Melting alloy blade has preferable intensity, is unlikely to deform, it is good to produce blade shape consistency in core.
2) low-melting alloy melts in plaster core drying process, and fusible pattern mode removes the side of blade from plaster core
Formula is easy to operate, not contaminated gypsum surface, and alloy can reuse；The large-scale impeller cast using plaster core, casting
Surface quality is good, and surface roughness is high, and the precision of blade dimensions is high.
3) annular groove and venting plug are arranged in the upper mold of inventive die improves exhaust, cooling cone is arranged in upper mold and upper
Cooling ring is arranged to improve casting cooling velocity in mould upper surface, while being conducive to bottom molten aluminum using sand mold in plaster core bottom
Heat preservation and the feeding to casting.
4) by improving exhaust and the cooling entirety casting that can be realized to the large-sized impeller of thin-walled on inventive die
Program is made, Forming Quality is good, and precision is high.
5) the first disc of impeller end is positioned by the way that the first recess portion is arranged, and by the first compressing member by impeller lock
It is tightly fixed conveniently quick without welding in bottom plate, after the machining for carrying out the first round to impeller；Second recess portion pair is set again
The second disc of impeller is positioned, and is fastened by the second compressing member, and realization divides ordered pair impeller to be machined out, and avoids pair
Certain faces are unprocessed because of fixture or other reasons to be happened, and impeller surface precision is improved.
6) it fixes protection structure by using impeller to protect impeller on impeller and lower impeller, effectively avoids being heat-treated
Wash away collision of the medium to impeller is cooled down in the process, and there are cooling medium stream road junctions in the middle part of impeller fixation protection structure, still
So it can guarantee cooling effect；And lower impeller is fastened, the change for preventing impeller in heat treatment middle period wheel end is effectively ensured
Shape.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of pump vane casting mold of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of pump vane casting mold；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of pump vane casting system of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram when impeller is caught in big setting circle in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is schematic diagram when impeller is caught in small setting circle in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of grip device in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the side sectional view that cooling medium stream is fashionable in conventional impellers heat treatment；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that impeller is deformed by cooling media impact；
Fig. 9 is the side sectional view of protective device of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the vertical view of protective device of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the side view of impeller fixing protector of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the side sectional view of impeller fixing protector of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the structure chart of the vacuum vibration device in the present invention；
Figure 14 is the structure chart of the vacuum vibration device in the present invention；
Figure 15 is impeller low pressure casting pressure curve figure；
Wherein, 1 upper mold, 2 lower dies, 3 sand molds, 4 cores, 5 cooling cones, 6 cast gates, 7 cooling rings, 8 annular grooves, 9 air inlet pipe, 10 collection
Cinder ladle, 11 mold core rings, 12 graphite plates, 13 annular grooves, 14 steps, 15 sand mold grooves, 16 supporting tables, 17 sand mold outline borders, 18 limits
Position platform, 19 casting platforms, 20 heating devices, 21 cover boards, 22 stalks, 23 stalk disks, 24 crucibles, 25 air inlet pipe, in 26
Between heater, 27 cushions, 28 gas vents, 29 gaps；
1-1 locating pieces, 1-2 hold-down bolts A, 1-3 adjustment block, 1-4 adjustment bolts, the small setting circles of 1-5,1-6 impellers, 1-7
Bottom plate, 1-8 compact heaps, 1-9 compress carrying bolt, 1-10 hold-down bolts B, 1-11 hold-down bolt C, 1-12 clam member, 1-13
Big setting circle, 1-14 adjustment block slots, the open positions 1-15,1-16 closed positions；
The upper impeller of 2-2, impeller under 2-3,2-4 heat treatment material rests, 2-5 rotating threaded shafts, 2-6 pallets, 2-7 leading screw slots, 2-8 leaves
Plate, which is fixed, protects structure, 2-9 blades, 2-10 runner mouths, the upper impeller card slots of 2-11, impeller notch under 2-12, the heat-resisting supporting plates of 2-13；
3-1 loading hoppers, 3-2 material inlet valves, 3-3 plaster core molds, 3-4 vibrating bases, 3-5 vacuum meter mounting holes,
3-6 babinets, 3-7 vibrators, 3-8 lock a door part, 3-9 glass vision panels, 3-10 door-plates, 3-11 hinges, 3-12 feed inlets, 3-13 water conservancy diversion
Slot, 3-14 reinforcing ribs, 3-15 vacuum tube mounting holes.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Whole description.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, casting mould, including the upper mold 1 and lower die 2 of corresponding setting up and down, upper mold 1 and the formation of lower die 2
Cavity in be equipped with sand mold 3 and core 4, upper mold 1 and lower die 2 select metal mold, core 4 to select plaster core；It is equipped in upper mold 1
For carrying out cooling cooling cone 5 to impeller internal, the cast gate 6 entered for casting solution, the top of upper mold 1 are equipped in lower die 2
Equipped with multiple cooling rings 7 for carrying out jet cooling to upper mold 1, the lower surface of upper mold 1 is equipped with for being produced in casting process
Multiple annular grooves 8 that raw gas is exhausted.In mold using core 4 and sand mold 3 be combined with conducive to bottom molten aluminum heat preservation and
Feeding to casting；The cooling ring 7 and cooling cone being arranged in upper mold 1 can be very good to improve the cooling velocity of casting, improve
Shrinkage porosite；Annular groove is arranged in upper mold 1 gas that casting generates is discharged, improves the exhaust of pump vane casting.
1 medial recess of upper mold, it is hollow, and it is equipped with cooling cone 5, cooling cone 5 is a cavity.It is inserted with air inlet in cooling cone 5
Pipe 9 is passed through cooling air, cools down to impeller internal, upper mold 1 and lower die 2 are metal die after casting filling.
The quantity of cooling ring 7 be more than 3, cooling ring 7 is hollow, 7 bottom of cooling ring have it is multiple to 1 upper surface of upper mold into
The gas outlet that row is blown；It after being passed through cooling air in cooling ring, is blown out from gas outlet, upper metal mold upper surface is cooled down；
Alternatively, cooling ring carries out polycyclic setting by the way of helix.
In 1 lower surface of upper mold, slag trap 10 is set；Lower die 2 lays dismountable mold core ring 11 in cast gate 6, mold core ring 11 with
Sealing element is set between lower die 2；Sealing element is graphite plate 12；Mold core ring 11 and lower die 2 link together, seperated in lower die 2
Mold core ring 11 is set, can be when appearance casting solution solidification be blocked up, easy to disassemble, cleaning：Have among mold core ring 11 simultaneously
Graphite plate 12 can effectively prevent the leakage of casting solution.
2 lower surface of lower die is equipped with multiple annular grooves 13；Lower die 2 is reduced with the contact area between casting platform 19, is made
Mold is placed more steady on casting platform, and the mode that helix equally may be used in annular groove carries out polycyclic setting.
Lower die 2 is internally provided with sand mold 3, and 3 top of sand mold is filled with core 4, and 4 bottom of core is placed on the step 14 of sand mold 3
On, 14 quantity of step is more than or equal to 3, is equipped between two steps 14 and drops down, and molten aluminum is from wherein entering mould inside.
3 top of sand mold is equipped with the sand mold groove 15 of support alignment core 4, and core 4 has matched with sand mold groove 15
Supporting table 16；Core 4 is placed on 3 step 14 of sand mold, and 4 outside lower edge of core is axially arranged with supporting table 16, is correspondingly placed at
In sand mold groove 15.
There are certain distance gaps between sand mold 3 for 4 lower surface of core, to form the upper impeller 2-2 of impeller, distance
It is set according to impeller inferior lobe plate thickness.Have to be formed under impeller between the setting of impeller between 4 upper surface of core and upper mold 1
Gap, to form the lower impeller 2-3 of impeller, distance is set according to the thickness of impeller 2-2 on impeller；To form closed leaf
Wheel.Core 4 be equipped with a plurality of gap 29, to formed impeller blade filling.
It is equipped with sand mold outline border 17 on 3 periphery of sand mold in lower die 2,17 top of sand mold outline border has the limit for limiting 1 position of upper mold
Position platform 18,1 lower part of upper mold, which is equipped with, to be placed on 18 matched limited block of limiting stand, upper mold 1 on the sand mold outline border 17 of lower die 2,
Its position is fixed by the limiting stand 18 at 17 top of sand mold outline border.
As shown in Fig. 2, annular groove 8 is arranged to improve exhaust in 1 lower surface of upper mold, the quantity of annular groove 8 is more than 3, or uses
The mode of helix carries out polycyclic setting；It is spaced apart on every annular groove 8 to lay multiple gas vents 28, in gas vent 28
Venting plug is set, realizes that only solution is not arranged in exhaust.Venting plug is prepared by heat proof material, and centre is equipped with very little exhaust seam
Casting solution is not leaked in gap, guarantee.
In casting process, the input by adjusting cooling air controls the temperature of mold, adjusts the temperature of heating device
660-700 DEG C of temperature of aluminum liquid of control, the control admission pressure control parameters such as mold filling pressure and speed, dwell time cast to improve
Defect improves castability.
Large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method, is as follows：
1) core 4, sand mold 3 and mold of pump vane casting are prepared；
2) assembling die, core 4 and sand mold 3 form casting mould and are connect with low-pressure casting apparatus；
3) aluminium ingot is melted, remove the gred degassing processing, to casting mould carry out low pressure fill mold casting；
4) it fills after the completion of type, casting mould is cooled down；
5) when mold temperature to be cast is less than 60-100 DEG C, form removal disassembles casting mould when casting is cooled to room temperature,
Casting is taken out, casting is cleaned, roughing is carried out to casting central shaft hole and outer surface；
6) casting is heat-treated, pincers worker finishing, and fluorescence and x-ray detection is carried out to casting；
7) endoporus of impeller casting, shape and keyway are finished；
8) each coordinate point value of three-dimensional coordinates measurement pipes' analysis and machining dimension are used, is tested to impeller；
9) static and dynamic equilibrium machine high-speed test (HST) is carried out to casting, to obtain large thin-wall impeller with high accuracy.
Low pressure casting is used to pump vane casting, pressure is carried out according to setting pressue-graph shown in figure 15 in casting process
Casting, setting pressure curve are divided into sequentially connected liter of liquid stage, fill type stage, pressurization stages and packing stage, rise the liquid stage
Liter liquid speed degree be 0.0009-0.003MPa/s, liters hydraulic coupling be 0.01-0.05MPa；The filling velocity for filling the type stage is
0.012-0.025MPa/s, mold filling pressure 0.08-0.10MPa；The pumping rate of pressurization stages is 0.015-0.035MPa/s,
Boost pressure is 0.20-0.40MPa；The dwell pressure of packing stage is 0.20-0.40MPa.
The specific make step of core is as follows in the step 1)：
2-1) by the good low-melting alloy impeller blade of casting and forming in plaster core mold；
Land plaster 50-60Kg 2-2) is weighed, 25-35Kg pure water is weighed, is mixed and made into gypsum slurry, water temperature control exists
It between 15-25 DEG C, is put into vacuum tank after mixing, is vacuumized and vibrated deaeration；
2-3) after plaster core stands solidification, dried gypsum core is simultaneously modified.
To achieve the goals above, the system for completing plaster core making may be used, which includes a case
Body 3-6, as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, the babinet 3-6 are connected with vacuum extractor；Reinforcing rib 3- is equipped on the outside of babinet 3-6
14, plaster core mold 3-3 is installed in the inside of the babinet 3-6, low melting point conjunction is inlaid in plaster core mold 3-3
Gold leaf impeller blade, the vibrating base 3-4 that slurry is vibrated in the inside of babinet 3-6 is equipped with to mold 3-3；Here it vibrates
Pedestal 3-4 is a vibrator 3-7 for being mounted on mold bottom；It is described equipped with feed inlet 3-12 at the top of the vacuum tank
Feed inlet 3-12 loading hopper 3-1 is installed, loading hopper 3-1 is equipped with material inlet valve 3-2, is set below loading hopper 3-1
Have and is equipped at the top of the diversion trench 3-13, the babinet 3-6 being connected to mold casting gate in vacuum tank for observing vacuum tank
The glass vision panel of inner workings.
It is additionally provided with vacuum meter mounting hole 3-15 on babinet 3-6, vacuum meter, vacuum meter peace are installed on vacuum meter mounting hole 3-15
Dress hole 3-15 is arranged at the top of babinet；The vacuum condition in vacuum tank is observed by vacuum meter, has been additionally provided on babinet 3-6
Weight hanging ring, is used for the movement of babinet, and lifting hanging ring is typically mounted at the top of babinet 3-6.
Vacuum tube mounting hole 3-15 is mounted on behind babinet to be connected with vacuum pump, and realization vacuumizes box house；
But vacuum tube mounting hole 3-15 is also not necessarily limited to be mounted on behind vacuum tank, can also be mounted on the other faces of vacuum tank, only
It wants to realize the function of vacuumizing.
Sealing door-plat 3-10 is equipped with before the babinet 3-6, lock a door part 3-8 on the right side of door-plate.There is conjunction on the left of door-plate
Page 3-11, hinge 3-11 connect with babinet 3-6.
In step 2-3) in, after plaster core stands solidification, plaster core is positioned on dry bracket and is dried,
The problems such as to solve unbalance stress, deformation, crackle in impeller plaster core drying process.
In machining or Vehicle Processing, used fixture includes bottom plate 1-7, is equipped in the upper surfaces bottom plate 1-7 multiple
Two the first recess portions and the second recess portion for blocking impeller end face, because the end face of impeller 1-6 is one big one small, therefore first
Big setting circle 1-13 in recess portion and the second recess portion, that is, Fig. 1 and small setting circle 1-5 is movably equipped in bottom plate 1-7 working faces more
For a compact heap 1-8 as the first compressing member and multiple locating piece 1-1 as locating piece, compact heap 1-8 is rotatably affixed at bottom plate
On 1-7, when small setting circle 1-5 coordinates with the second disc of impeller end, fastened using the second compressing member, the second compressing member packet
The clam member 1-12 for being covered in impeller center shaft bore surface is included, fastener passes through clam member 1-12, the centers impeller 1-6
It is fastened with bottom plate 1-7.
The setting of two setting circles is to preferably fast implement the fixation to impeller 1-6, and the shape of setting circle is best
It is identical as the shape of the end faces impeller 1-6, or can be zigzag fashion around depressed area, both facilitate quick to impeller 1-6
Positioning, and facilitate and take out impeller 1-6.
In order in machining process, quickly be positioned to impeller 1-6, shorten the clamping time, in the upper surfaces bottom plate 1-7
Multiple adjustment block slot 1-14 are provided with, adjustment block 1-3 is set in adjustment block slot 1-14, for the destruction for avoiding to impeller, adjustment block
The material of 1-3 is the soft metals such as aluminium, contacts the accuracy for ensureing positioning, bottom plate with impeller 1-6 reference planes by adjusting block 1-3
1-7 is equipped with the third trepanning being connected to adjustment block slot 1-14, and adjustment bolt 1-4 adjusts the height of adjustment block 1-3 by third trepanning
Degree, to facilitate the adjustment to impeller levelness, fastener hole that can open vertically in bottom plate 1-7.
Fastener is hold-down bolt B1-10, as shown in Figure 1, the hold-down bolt trepanning for across hold-down bolt B1-10 is set
It in the middle part of compact heap 1-8, is equipped in ends of the compact heap 1-8 far from impeller 1-6 and compresses carrying bolt 1-9, fastener also may be used
To be steel bolt, upper and lower ends are fastened respectively by nut.
The compact heap 1-8 is rotatably affixed at by compressing carrying bolt 1-9 on bottom plate 1-7, and locating piece 1-1 passes through pressure
Tight bolt A1-2 is rotatably affixed on bottom plate 1-7, and compact heap 1-8 is equipped with hold-down bolt trepanning, and hold-down bolt B1-10 is passed through
Trepanning is fixed with bottom plate 1-7, and in the grip device free time, compact heap 1-8 and positioning datum block 1-1 are in open position, Bu Huigan
The placement for relating to impeller 1-6, after placing impeller 1-6, compact heap 1-8 and locating piece 1-1 fasten impeller 1-6, because
Multiple compact heap 1-8 and locating piece 1-1 are uniformly arranged on bottom plate 1-7 around impeller 1-6, and setting is symmetrical, such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, thin-walled impeller will not be caused to damage.
Protective device used in heat treatment, includes the heat-resisting supporting plate 2-13 for placing impeller, on heat-resisting supporting plate 2-13
Side is equipped with the pallet 2-6 for being used to support impeller center axis hole, and pallet 2-6 is connect with heat-resisting supporting plate 2-13 by rotating threaded shaft 2-5,
Heat-resisting supporting plate is equipped with the upper surfaces leading screw slot 2-7, heat-resisting supporting plate 2-13 equipped with multiple for protecting impeller 2-2 and lower impeller 2-
3 impeller fixes protection structure 2-8, and the center that protection structure 2-8 is fixed in impeller is provided with cooling medium stream road junction 2-10；It places
After good impeller, pallet 2-6 is driven to move up by rotating threaded shaft 2-5 rotations, to have to impeller center axle hole position
The support of different size impellers may be implemented because rotating threaded shaft 2-5 and pallet 2-6 coordinate in effect support, all same to realize
The heat treatment of the impeller of size can set pallet 2-6 to fixed structure；Protection structure 2-8 is fixed to upper impeller 2 by impeller
It is protected with lower impeller 2-3, effectively prevent the deformation of impeller, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, between each adjacent blades 2-9
Space be respectively provided with impeller fix protection structure 2-8, impeller fix protection structure 2-8 be evenly arranged in circumference of impeller.
It includes the upper impeller cover plate being set to above runner mouth 2-10 that the impeller, which fixes protection structure 2-8, and set on stream
Lower impeller cover plate below road junction, upper impeller cover plate can be one piece and be obliquely installed or horizontally disposed plate, as long as energy
So that cooling medium avoids being in direct contact with upper impeller, upper impeller cover plate can pass through with lower impeller cover plate in one
The hollow space of empty framework connection, the framework is cooling medium stream road junction 2-10, as is illustrated by figs. 11 and 12, in order to which impeller is solid
Surely protection structure 2-8 can effectively be bonded impeller 1-6, and at least one bolt hole or screw hole are provided in lower impeller cover plate, use
It is fixed on heat-resisting supporting plate 2-13 in entire impeller is fixed protection structure 2-8.
In order to improve protecting effect, it is used for as shown in figure 8, being provided with impeller card slot 2-11 in the middle part of upper leaf plate cover plate
The end of upper impeller is stuck in card slot, protection impeller effect is ideal.
The lower impeller cover plate is horizontally disposed, and its lower surface is equipped with the lower impeller for splicing with lower impeller 2-3 and lacks
Mouth 2-12 passes through the lower impeller notch 2-12 because during heat treatment, lower impeller 2-3 is higher by heat-resisting supporting plate 2-13
The end that lower impeller 2-3 can directly be covered avoids cooling gas from causing directly to wash away collision to lower impeller 2-3.
Embodiment 2
Fixture in being heat-treated in the present embodiment, includes the heat-resisting supporting plate for placing impeller, heat-resisting splint upper surface is set
There are one the impeller fixing protectors for protecting impeller and lower impeller, are provided at the center of impeller fixing protector cold
But medium flow field road junction；Upper impeller and lower impeller are protected by impeller fixing protector, effectively prevent the deformation of impeller.
Impeller fixing protector include be set to runner mouth above upper impeller cover plate, and below runner mouth under
Impeller cover plate, upper impeller cover plate and lower impeller cover plate are respectively horizontally disposed with, and are vertically arranged multiple connectors therebetween,
There are cooling medium inlets.
Embodiment 3
Fixture in the present embodiment in Vehicle Processing, including bottom plate, bottom plate working face are equipped with a recess portion, recess portion and impeller end
Working face cooperation where big disc, the edge of recess portion is equipped with to be compressed for the first disc of impeller end to be lock onto the first of bottom plate
Part is detachably equipped with the second compressing member for the second disc of impeller end to be lock onto to bottom plate on bottom plate working face and is equipped with the
Two compressing members.
The program eliminates the second recess portion in the first string, can equally meet the quick positioning to impeller, at this point, the
Clam member is fastened preferably by the bolt that triangle is arranged in two compressing members, convenient for improving stability.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method, which is characterized in that be as follows：
1）The core, sand mold and mold of pump vane casting are prepared according to the shape of impeller；
2）Assembling die, core and sand mold form casting mould and are connect with low-pressure casting apparatus；
3）Founding materials are placed in low-pressure casting apparatus, which carries out low pressure along setting pressure curve and fill mold casting, to obtain
Large thin-wall impeller with high accuracy, so that impeller surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 6.3 μm after last cooling；
4）It fills after the completion of type, casting mould is cooled down；
5）After casting cooling, demoulding is machined out casting；
In the step 3）Middle setting pressure curve is divided into sequentially connected liter of liquid stage, fills type stage, pressurization stages and pressurize
Stage, the liter liquid speed degree for rising the liquid stage are 0.0009-0.003MPa/s, and liter hydraulic coupling is 0.01-0.05MPa；Fill the type stage
Filling velocity is 0.012-0.025 MPa/s, and mold filling pressure is 0.08-0.10 MPa；The pumping rate of pressurization stages is
0.015-0.035MPa/s, boost pressure are 0.20-0.40 MPa；The dwell pressure of packing stage is 0.20-0.40 MPa.
2. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1）Middle core is gypsum
The specific make step of core, plaster core is as follows：
2-1）By blade fusible pattern in plaster core mold；
2-2）The gypsum slurry for removing bubble is filled under vacuum in plaster core mold, and vibrates deaeration；
2-3）After plaster core stands solidification, dried gypsum core is simultaneously modified.
3. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1）Middle mold includes upper
Under corresponding setting upper die and lower die, the sand mold is equipped in the cavity that the upper die and lower die are formed, on the sand mold
Portion is equipped with to form the core of impeller inner cavity and blade；The cast gate entered for casting solution, institute are equipped in the lower die
The lower surface of upper mold is stated equipped with multiple exhaust portions for the gas generated in casting process to be exhausted.
4. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the step 4）In to casting mould
The method cooled down is：On the upper mold is equipped with for carrying out the first cooling cooling end to impeller internal, is described
The top of mould is equipped with multiple second cooling ends for carrying out jet cooling to upper mold, and cooling Jie is passed through in the first cooling end
Matter is provided with the opening blown to upper mold upper surface in the bottom of the second cooling end.
5. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that first cooling end is cooling
Cone, second cooling end are cooling ring.
6. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as described in claim 3 or 4, which is characterized in that the sand mold bottom is equipped with extremely
The step of few 3 supports core is equipped between step and being dropped down for what casting solution entered.
7. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as described in claim 3 or 4, which is characterized in that the core side and sand mold
Between have forming the first setting gap of impeller on impeller.
8. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the core upper surface and upper mold it
Between have forming the second setting gap of impeller under impeller.
9. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 5）In to impeller
It is machined with：Roughing finishing of castings, casting are detected a flaw and the finishing of casting.
10. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the tool finished to casting
Steps are as follows for body：
3-1）Impeller end great circle face is positioned in the first recess portion of bottom plate working face；
3-2）Rotary setting compresses impeller under impeller and passes through fastener in the first compressing member on bottom plate to closed position
Locking；
3-3）Accurate machining is carried out to the inner circle of impeller, curved surface and end face using lathe machining device；
3-4）Step 3-3）After the completion, impeller is unloaded and is spun upside down, by impeller end to open position by the first compressing member of rotation
Small disc is positioned in the second recess portion；
3-5）After compressing impeller by the second compressing member, to step 3-4）In unprocessed impeller face carry out Precision Machining.
11. the large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as described in claim 9 or 10, which is characterized in that the tool of heat treating castings
Steps are as follows for body：
4-1）The central shaft hole that support component is used to support impeller is set above heat-resisting supporting plate；
4-2）Space between each adjacent blades is respectively provided with impeller and fixes protection structure covering two impeller of impeller to prevent
Impeller deforms in heat treatment；
4-3）It is heat-treated；
4-4）Step 5）After the completion, it is passed through cooling medium out of impeller fixes protection structure runner mouth.
12. large thin-wall impeller manufacturing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 5）After the completion, it adopts
Static and dynamic equilibrium and overspeed test are carried out with each coordinate point value of three-dimensional coordinates measurement pipes' analysis and machining dimension, and to impeller, with
Obtain impeller stability data.
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| CN105880525A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-08-24 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Low-pressure casting die for aluminum alloy wheel |
| CN107116180A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-09-01 | 成都航欣工业科技有限公司 | A kind of differential pressure type aluminium alloy gypsum mould precision-investment casting method |
| CN108466396B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2023-09-22 | 安徽凯特泵业有限公司 | Forming die of impeller |
| CN109175305A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-11 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | A kind of pump vane casting technique and impeller |
| CN109396896A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-01 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | It is a kind of environmental protection debris removal impeller blade processing use stationary fixture |
| CN110129626A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-16 | 遵义航天新力精密铸锻有限公司 | Aerial blade die-casting process |
| CN111730041A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-10-02 | 广东峰华卓立科技股份有限公司 | Processing method of 3D printing sand mold in low-pressure pouring and 3D printing sand mold |
| CN112643010A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-13 | 东风汽车有限公司 | Motor casing low pressure casting terrace die |
| CN114951600B (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-11-03 | 刘磊 | Multidirectional extrusion casting die and casting method for aluminum-magnesium alloy transmission |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE19506145C1 (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1995-12-07 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Tool for making wax patterns for casting impeller blades |
| CN202556106U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-11-28 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | Large-scale tire clamp for whole milling sealed impeller of five-coordinate boring and milling machining center |
| CN203712348U (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2014-07-16 | 重庆搏帆涡轮动力设备有限公司 | Milling fixture for impeller of air compressor |
| CN104831034A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-12 | 智腾机械设备（上海）有限公司 | Heat treatment method for enclosed impeller |
| CN205166463U (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-20 | 常州元生光电有限公司 | Frock is fixed to impeller |
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