CN106229017B - A kind of two-phase flow device for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting - Google Patents
A kind of two-phase flow device for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting Download PDFInfo
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- CN106229017B CN106229017B CN201610629728.XA CN201610629728A CN106229017B CN 106229017 B CN106229017 B CN 106229017B CN 201610629728 A CN201610629728 A CN 201610629728A CN 106229017 B CN106229017 B CN 106229017B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of two-phase flow device for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting, is made of circulation, bubble generator, air supply system and data collecting system.Circulation includes mainly open tank, filter device, heat exchanger and other associated conduits and valve；Bubble generator is the core of the present apparatus, is made of outer sleeve and porous media sleeve；Air supply system includes mainly air compressor, air accumulator, pressure reducing valve；Data collecting system is mainly made of integrated data acquisition system, high-speed photography system, gas mass flow gauge, electromagnetic flowmeter, pressure sensor, temperature sensor.The present invention can be effectively prevented from the problem of active gas injection disturbs natural cycle system, reduce the additional drag of intervention circulation loop, device is simple to operation and uniform in foaming, stable bubble flow can be obtained, Natural Circulation, the scientific research of two-phase flow and passive safety system engineering design are contributed to.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of two-phase flow devices for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting, apply in nuclear reaction
In the safe cooling system of heap and thermal-hydraulic technical field.
Background technology
It is well known that in nuclear power plant, the most of system and equipment of nuclear steam supply system are provided in containment.Cause
This will ensure the integrality of containment under any circumstance from nuclear safety viewpoint, to prevent radioactivity from leaking.However,
When the accidents such as loss of-coolant accident (LOCA) or main steam line rupture occur for nuclear reactor, high-temperature high pressure water can enter containment by cut
Interior, these emissions can become water vapour, water vapour and air collective effect in containment under lower pressure, cause containment
The raising of pressure and temperature in environment, to threaten the integrality of containment.Further, with the development of accident, due to heap
The failure of core fuel element and the reaction of zirconium water occurs, the hydrogen generated in reaction will also be discharged into containment, cause containment
Further boosting.In this case, how it is safe and reliable take away the heat being discharged under emergency conditions in containment, just at
For the critical issue for ensuring containment structure integrality, controlling damage sequence.Therefore, nuclear scientists are in presurized water reactor of new generation
Introduced in design-build Passive containment cooling system (Passive Containment Cooling System,
PCCS).Its operation principle is the Natural Circulation driving force generated using the density contrast of cold fluid and hot fluid in system circuit, by driving
Balance matching forming circuit cycle between power and system resistance, it is slow to environment in shell by way of condensation and convection current heat transfer
Slow cooling, and then be depressured and realize its security function.The non-passive safety cooling system can greatly improve nuclear power station and resist accident
Ability, reduce major accident occur possibility.
After accident generation, hot trap of the water tank as whole system, water therein is directly entered system circulation heat exchange.Work as stream
When mass flow of starting building is through heat exchanger in containment, exchanged heat the heat-transfer machine of (two-phase) using heat convection (single-phase) or boiling in ducts
System takes away the heat in containment.Water temperature in water tank gradually rises with the variation of time, until water temperature reaches atmospheric pressure
Under saturation temperature.However according to engineering practice and experimental studies have found that:Under longtime running operating mode, with containment heat release work(
Flash distillation flowing wild effect easily occurs for the reduction of rate, system.And the most apparent feature of this flow instability be exactly can be
Cause strong flow rate disturbance, fluctuation that can generate strong machinery to system when reaching the components such as elbow, valve in circuit
Oscillation, the stress damage being generated by it has the safe operation of system larger threat, and system off heat ability is apparent
Weaken.Therefore the present invention proposes a kind of new design scheme, it is desirable to be followed naturally by introducing bubble elevator pump to improve system
Ring driving force reduces system flow unstability, weakens the mechanical oscillation caused by flow rate disturbance, eliminates PCCS systems and transports for a long time
The problem of flow system flow declines when row, and heat removal capacity reduces.
What 2 months in 2002 published《Journal of Nuclear Materials》What the 1st phase of volume 301 was reported《The
Pb-Bi cooled XADS status of development》It is mentioned in document and cancels lead bismuth alloy cooling fast reactor primary Ioops
Coolant main pump fully relies on from the external world and is directly filled with a large amount of bubbles into the flow of liquid metal on reactor core top, lead is promoted with this
The natural-circulation capacity of bismuth cooling circuit.It is published in March, 2008《Progress in Nuclear Energy》Volume 50
What the 2nd phase delivered《Design study on reactor structure of Pb–Bi-cooled direct contact
boiling water fast reactor(PBWFR)》In document, a kind of new bubble elevator pump design form is mentioned：It will follow
The water supply nozzle of ring cooling water extend into reactor core top, and water supply tube head is designed to ring-shaped round pipe shape, and on ring-shaped round pipe wall surface
Certain amount circular hole is dug, recirculated water is entered by these circular holes in lead bismuth coolant, and absorbing heat to boil by recirculated water itself generates
A large amount of tiny uniform bubbles, to achieve the purpose that be formed bubble elevator pump.It publishes within 2 months 2009《International
Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow》Volume 30 the 1st interim report《Air-lift pumps
characteristics under two-phase flow conditions》In document, using the annulus of trepanning as
Bubble generator studies the correlation properties of bubble elevator pump.Patent application publication number be CN101725501A,
In the patent application document of CN103161709A, it is proposed that two kinds of bubble elevator pumps for being suitable for air conditioner refrigerating field, one is
Portion increases the transfer efficiency that bubble collecting device improves bubble elevator pump on the heat exchanger, another device is then by adopting
Increase the working efficiency of elevator pump with tapering type variable cross-section vertical-lifting pipe.In conclusion the structure of bubble elevator pump is each
Formula various kinds, but be inherently to form biphase gas and liquid flow in the ascent stage to reach pump by the density contrast of ascent stage and descending branch
The purpose of liquor charging body.
The bubble generator of the bubble elevator pump used at present either micropore syringe needle, microwell plate, aeration head also or
Perferated thimble, all it is inevitable must understand larger disturbance is generated to natural convection loop, increase the resistance of circulation loop, introduce compared with
Big friction pressure drop is not suitable for applied to this Passive containment cooling system for only relying on the operation flowing of Natural Circulation principle
In.And in refrigeration cycle mechanism study, most of experimental provision using be heat exchanger as bubble generator,
Obvious shortcoming is exactly the characterisitic parameter for being difficult bubble produced by control, such as bubble diameter, gas production, it is difficult to it is steady to obtain flow pattern
Bubble flow fixed, number of bubbles is enough, promotion effect is undesirable and is unfavorable for system control.If so can be promoted to bubble
Pump installation carries out being correspondingly improved design, invents a kind of two-phase flow device for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting,
Either still assist the design of correlation engineering in future all with highly important the mechanism Journal of Sex Research of Natural Circulation two-phase flow
Value.
Invention content
The purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of two-phase flow device for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting,
It can be used for improving natural cycle system driving force and flow stability.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：Including circulation, bubble generator, air supply system sum number
According to acquisition system, circulation includes open tank, by the way that the sequentially connected filtering of pipeline in open tank lower end is arranged
Device screws valve, electromagnetic flowmeter, ball valve, heat exchanger, and the end of heat exchanger is connect with bubble generator, bubble hair
The end of generating apparatus is sequentially connected visualization rectangular channel, rises pipe section, and the end for rising pipe section is connect with open tank,
Open tank side, heat exchanger both ends pipeline on be respectively arranged with temperature sensor, the bottom of open tank is also set up
There is drain valve；Air supply system includes the air compressor being sequentially connected, air accumulator, pressure reducing valve, flow control valve, quality stream
Gauge, non-return valve, the end of non-return valve and the air inlet pipe of bubble generator connect；Data collecting system includes sequentially connected
Computer, cabinet, terminal board, pressure sensor, and pressure sensor is uniformly arranged on visualization rectangular channel, wiring
Terminal board is also connect with excitation power supply, and high-speed photography system is additionally provided with by visualization rectangular channel.
The invention also includes some such structure features：
1. the porous media sleeve that bubble generator includes outer sleeve, is arranged in outer sleeve is arranged in outside
Annular intake pipe outside sleeve, and annular intake pipe is connected with the clearance cavity that outer sleeve and porous media sleeve are formed.
2. the cross sectional shape of porous media sleeve is round or rectangular or polygon.
3. the material of outer sleeve is stainless steel, porous media sleeve is to be formed by sintering polytetrafluoroethylene or dredged by other
Water material is sintered to be formed.
4. being machine glass tube depending on change that rectangular channel and ascent stage pipe section be all made of.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention can be effectively prevented from active gas injection to nature
The problem of circulatory system disturbs reduces the additional drag of intervention circulation loop, and device is simple to operation and uniform in foaming, can obtain
Stable bubble flow contributes to Natural Circulation, the scientific research of two-phase flow and passive safety system engineering design.
(1) present invention compares heat exchanger aerogenesis by the way of active gas injection, more efficient, and aerogenesis is uniform, production
Tolerance is easy to operate simple convenient for control.
(2) present invention compares common perferated thimble using porous media as bubble generator, and institute's aerogenesis bubble is tiny
Uniformly.
(3) wellability of the hydrophobic property of the invention for making full use of the materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), water and porous media is poor,
The friction pressure drop that working medium flows through porous media sleeve is smaller, and bubble is more easy to be detached from wall surface.
(4) present invention ensures that gas circumferentially even into porous media, is avoided in runner using annular intake method
There is the non-uniform phenomenon of aerogenesis in inside.
(5) the porous media sleeve diameter that the present invention selects is identical as return internal diameter, compares microwell plate and aeration head
Etc. structures, substantially reduce disturbance of the gas injection device to mainstream, avoid introducing excessive additional drag.
(6) what ascent stage visualization rectangular channel of the invention and pipe section were all made of is lucite tube, can be with bigger model
The variations in flow patterns for the observation of nature circulatory system enclosed, and visualize rectangular channel outer surface and be designed to that rectangular section can be eliminated
The influence of photorefractive effect when high-speed photography.
(7) overall structure of the present invention is simple, can eaily carry out installation, maintenance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is bubble generator schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is Fig. 2 vertically diagrammatic cross-sections；
Fig. 4 is the sectional views of Fig. 2 vertically.
Fig. 5 is sectional views of the Fig. 4 along the directions A-A.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention is further described in detail with specific implementation mode below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In conjunction with Fig. 1-5, a kind of two-phase flow device for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting of the invention is main
It is made of circulation, bubble generator, air supply system and four part of data collecting system.Circulation includes
Open tank 1, filter device 2 screw valve 3, electromagnetic flowmeter 4, ball valve 5, heat exchanger 6, visualization rectangular channel 9, pipe
Section 10, temperature sensor 11, drain valve 12 and other associated conduits etc.；Bubble generator is core of the invention device, by
Porous media sleeve 7, outer sleeve 8 form；Air supply system includes air compressor 13, air accumulator 14, pressure reducing valve 15, stream
Adjustable valve 16, mass flowmenter 17, non-return valve 18；And data collecting system is then by pressure sensor 19, temperature sensor (heat
Galvanic couple), excitation power supply 20, terminal board 21, NI PXIe-1082 cabinets 22, computer 23, high-speed photography system 24, one
Change data collecting system composition.The ascent stage of circulation loop by heat exchanger, bubble generator, visualization rectangular channel and
Pipe section forms.Heat exchanger is arranged in the upstream of bubble generator, is joined using flange between bubble generator and pipeline
It connects, specific location is determined in combination with thermal parameter variation range.The present invention uses annular intake pipe, ensures that gas is circumferentially uniform
Into in porous media.Gas injection pressure is consistently greater than the hydrostatic head of ascent stage, to avoid porous media sleeve and stainless steel sleeve
Between enter liquid in cavity.Bubble generator is made of porous media sleeve and outer sleeve, porous media sleeve with
There are clearance cavities between outer sleeve.Porous media sleeve can flexibly be adjusted according to pipeline configuration size in bubble generator
Whole, flow area can be round, rectangular or polygon etc..Bubble generator outer sleeve uses stainless steel
Material, porous media is formed by sintering polytetrafluoroethylene, can be also sintered and be formed by other hydrophobic materials.Visualize rectangular channel and
What ascent stage pipe section was all made of is machine glass tube, and when parameter measurement, high-speed photography system is arranged by visualization rectangular channel,
The motor behavior of bubble population in rising passway is recorded in real time using high-speed photography.
If carry out the mechanism Journal of Sex Research of system natural-circulation capacity promotion using the present apparatus, before experiment is run, elder generation is needed
Experimental loop is connected, and is hunted leak to circulation and air supply system.It checks air accumulator 14, its air inlet pipe is kept to connect
Logical, all valves are closed in outlet pipe.Start air compressor 13, observes pressure gauge registration on air accumulator, wait for pressure stability
Air compressor is closed after 0.7-0.75MPa, is opened and is screwed valve on air accumulator escape pipe, by adjusting air reducing valve 15
Pressure in gas circuit is reduced into authorized pressure, air mass flow is adjusted by flow control valve 16.Wherein air compressor 13 has automatic
Voltage stabilizing function starts air compressor, and air compressor can voluntarily be forced into 0.75MPa, later automatic unloading, with air accumulator
Interior air is reduced, and when pressure is less than 0.70MPa, air compressor 13 continues to be loaded onto 0.75MPa automatically, then unloads automatically again
Pressure is stopped.So can ensure that pressure remains at 0.70-0.75MPa in air accumulator 14 in experiment.Air accumulator has again
Effect volume is 1m3, can also play the role of voltage stabilizing.Data acquisition line is connected later, connects mass flowmenter 17, electromagnetic flowmeter
4, it opens excitation power supply 20 and makes it stable in 24V, power for pressure sensor 19, connect NI data collecting systems power supply and set
Acquisition parameter is set, computer 23LABVIEW softwares are started.
When experiment, first to circulation loop gas injection water filling again.Because when natural convection loop is full of water, in porous media gas injection
There are water columns for cylinder top, and the hydrostatic head that water column generates is enough to pass water through porous media, to prevent aqueous reflux from entering mass flowmenter
Flowmeter is caused to damage, there are one non-return valves for dress in the gas circuit between mass flowmenter and gas injection sleeve.In addition it also to protect
Demonstrate,prove the hydrostatic head that the gas injection gauge pressure after pressure reducing valve 15 is consistently greater than water column generation, it is therefore an objective to avoid ascent stage water column in static pressure
The air ring intracavitary being immersed under effect between stainless steel sleeve 8 and porous media 7, cause porous media aerogenesis section shorten to
Influence experiment effect.Before water filling, water tank drain valve and pipeline drain valve 12 are closed, is filled into water tank 1 by hose specified
Water level.
Bubble generator is the key that design and installation of the present invention, and both ends are connected by flange with circuit, with heat
Exchanger, visualization rectangular channel and pipe section have collectively constituted the ascent stage of circulation loop.Bubble generator is by porous Jie
Matter sleeve 7 and outer sleeve 8 form.Porous media sleeve 7 is placed in outer sleeve 8, and porous media is by sintering polytetrafluoroethylene
It forms, outer sleeve considers the needs of pressure-bearing using stainless steel.Paid attention to when installation by porous media sleeve both ends of the surface
Sealing is carried out, prevents air from being flowed out from end face.Porous media inner cavity is flow channel for liquids, and internal diameter is identical as ascent stage internal diameter of the pipeline,
And porous media has hydrophobic property, can utmostly reduce the local losses of fluid flow through porous media inner cavity.Porous Jie
There are a ring cavity between matter sleeve and stainless steel sleeve, air enters ring cavity by air inlet pipe, because of gas injection pressure
Larger, air flows through porous media, and is broken into tiny, uniform bubble by porous media, after being mixed with the liquid in runner
Form the smaller biphase gas and liquid flow of density.In addition the annular air intake structure of the use of air inlet pipe, can make air even into porous
In medium, to ensure the uniform aerogenesis in runner.Finally, under the driving of ascent stage and descending branch density contrast, enhancing is realized
The effect of natural-circulation capacity.
It after experiment, opens water tank drain valve 12 and drains, so that liquid level in water tank is less than water tank inlet tube lower edge, under closing
Ball valve 5 in horizontal segment makes the ascent stage be detached with descending branch, the pipeline drain valve 12 positioned at ascent stage bottom is opened, by the ascent stage
Interior water emptying.Valve in gas circuit is upstream closed successively from downstream when gas storage pressure inside the tank is less than 0.1MPa.
Gas injection rate is adjusted by flow control valve 16, studies influence of the different gas injection rates to natural-circulation capacity；By more
Different filtering accuracy porous media sleeves 7 are changed to achieve the purpose that obtain different bubble diameters；Note can be studied by regulation ball valve 5
Influence of the gas to different drag characteristic circuits；By change 1 water level of water tank research difference immerse than when bubble to Natural Circulation
It influences；Ascent stage inlet temperature research Natural Circulation can also be changed by heat exchanger 6 and flash flow instability.It is to be recycled
Flow is kept after stablizing, and is shot to visualization rectangular channel 9 using high-speed photography system 24, is studied bubble in rising passway
The motor behavior of group simultaneously acquires relevant experimental data etc..In conclusion can simply and effectively control multiple realities using the present invention
Variable is tested, good practical approuch is provided for the research of system natural-circulation capacity and flow instability.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of two-phase flow device for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting, it is characterised in that：Including circulating water
System, bubble generator, air supply system and data collecting system, circulation include open tank, are existed by setting
The sequentially connected filter device of pipeline of open tank lower end screws valve, electromagnetic flowmeter, ball valve, heat exchanger, heat exchanger
End connect with bubble generator, the end of bubble generator is sequentially connected visualization rectangular channel, rises pipe section,
Rise pipe section end connect with open tank, open tank side, heat exchanger both ends pipeline on be respectively arranged with
The bottom of temperature sensor, open tank is additionally provided with drain valve；Air supply system include the air compressor being sequentially connected,
Air accumulator, pressure reducing valve, flow control valve, mass flowmenter, non-return valve, the end of non-return valve and the air inlet pipe of bubble generator
Connection；Data collecting system includes sequentially connected computer, cabinet, terminal board, pressure sensor, and pressure sensor
It is uniformly arranged on visualization rectangular channel, terminal board is also connect with excitation power supply, is also set by visualization rectangular channel
It is equipped with high-speed photography system；Bubble generator includes outer sleeve, is arranged in outer sleeve porous media sleeve, setting
Annular intake pipe outside outer sleeve, and the annular gap sky that annular intake pipe is formed with outer sleeve and porous media sleeve
Chamber is connected；The cross sectional shape of porous media sleeve is round or rectangular or polygon；The material of outer sleeve is stainless steel, more
Hole medium sleeve is to be formed by sintering polytetrafluoroethylene or be sintered by other hydrophobic materials to be formed.
2. a kind of two-phase flow device for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting according to claim 1, special
Sign is：What visualization rectangular channel and ascent stage pipe section were all made of is machine glass tube.
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| CN201610629728.XA CN106229017B (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2016-08-03 | A kind of two-phase flow device for system natural-circulation capacity Study of Lifting |
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| CN106229017B true CN106229017B (en) | 2018-07-31 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108257690B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2019-11-22 | 福建福清核电有限公司 | A kind of device of the passive heat-extraction system Natural Circulation drag effects of research safety shell |
| CN108257689A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 福建福清核电有限公司 | A kind of compressed air-driven impeller improves the device of Natural Circulation extreme operating condition response |
| CN108257691B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2020-01-03 | 福建福清核电有限公司 | Device for researching influence of power failure of whole plant and large-break accident in shell on containment |
| CN106837769B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-08-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of lead bismuth alloy airlift pump circulation ability experimental system and its experimental method |
| CN107170501B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-02-23 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of method for suppressing vehicle repair major natural cycle system flowing instability |
| CN107369481B (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-08-23 | 上海交通大学 | Bubble reactor test device |
| CN107402231A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-11-28 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | One kind is applied under dynamic condition hot-working hydraulic characteristic research experiment device in heating rod beam passage |
| CN109342492B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2021-09-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Experimental device and experimental method for researching bubble rupture behavior characteristics of aerosol-containing liquid pool surface |
| CN109520915B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-09-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Low-pressure low-altitude difference natural circulation test device |
| CN109903862A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-06-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of low pressure natural-circulation capacity lifting scheme |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4859405A (en) * | 1987-11-10 | 1989-08-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Filtered venting and decay heat removing apparatus and system for containment structures, and method of operation |
| JPH01195391A (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-07 | Nuclear Fuel Ind Ltd | Cladding pipe for boiling water reactor fuel |
| JP5101012B2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2012-12-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation test apparatus and gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation test method |
| CN103452800B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2016-02-03 | 上海理工大学 | With the air lift pump of gas recirculation device |
| CN103566807B (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-07-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Microminiature mixing device for strengthening fluid mixing by micronization boiling of steam bubbles |
| CN104296961A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Device and method for large-scale bubble experiment in reduced pressure environment |
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