CN106226406A - Ultrasonic examination detection reference block and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrasonic examination detection reference block and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106226406A CN106226406A CN201610830163.1A CN201610830163A CN106226406A CN 106226406 A CN106226406 A CN 106226406A CN 201610830163 A CN201610830163 A CN 201610830163A CN 106226406 A CN106226406 A CN 106226406A
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- link pin
- detection
- pin body
- ultrasonic examination
- reference block
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001266 bandaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of ultrasonic examination detection reference block and detection method thereof.Described reference block includes link pin body, the middle part of link pin body is provided with the endoporus run through along axis, described link pin body has the flat-bottom hole of artificial, described flat-bottom hole is arranged on the endoporus that the middle part of link pin body is run through along axis, the most perpendicular with link pin body, it is used for detecting material defects.Described reference block is additionally provided with the ARTIFICIAL CRACK for detecting crackle.The present invention uses effective ultrasound examination, can accurately detect, by the setting of flat-bottom hole and ARTIFICIAL CRACK, the crackle and material defects that inappropriate technology causes.By the Non-Destructive Testing to link pin crackle, the ultrasonic examination detection especially in the section of going to, train wheel under arms carried out, it is effectively prevented locomotive hidden danger, it is ensured that the operation safety of locomotive.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to test block technical field, particularly relate to a kind of ultrasonic examination detection reference block and detection side thereof
Method.
Background technology
Locomotive link pin due to misoperation, usually there will be crack defect in the course of processing, the lossless inspection to it
Survey and have also been developed the ultrasonic detection technology of correspondence and utensil of popping one's head in accordingly.
But in putting into practice checking process, technical staff finds, link pin can be due to material itself in manufacturing process
Reason, produces virgin materials defect, and such as pore, slag inclusion etc., virgin materials defect and crack defect all can affect link pin
Performance, cause locomotive operation safety hidden danger.
If being provided that a kind of technology, virgin materials defect and crack defect can be made simultaneously detecting accurately, will be
The most significant.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of ultrasonic examination detection reference block, including link pin originally
Body, the middle part of link pin body is provided with the endoporus run through along axis, and described link pin body has the flat of artificial
Bottom outlet, described flat-bottom hole is arranged on the endoporus that the middle part of link pin body is run through along axis, axial with link pin body
Perpendicular.
Further, the aperture of flat-bottom hole is 1MM-5MM, hole depth 10MM-30MM.
Further, the aperture of flat-bottom hole is 2MM-4MM, hole depth 10MM-20MM.
Further, described reference block also includes the ARTIFICIAL CRACK being arranged on link pin body, described ARTIFICIAL CRACK
Being distributed on the periphery of link pin detection faces, the described ARTIFICIAL CRACK degree of depth is 0.5-5mm, is become with link pin body axis
Angle is 0-90 degree.
The detection method of ultrasonic examination detection reference block, including detection material defects step, particularly as follows:
Step one: the selected link pin body prepared for making test block, determines flaw detection scanning face.
Step 2: processing flat-bottom hole, described flat-bottom hole is arranged on the middle part of link pin body to be run through along axis
Endoporus, the most perpendicular with link pin body；Aperture is 1MM-5MM, hole depth 10MM-30MM.
Step 3: using the endoporus of link pin body as ultrasonic examination detection region and detection the degree of depth edit basis,
Range finding edits；The endoporus echo of link pin is demarcated as work system combination property state during ultrasonic examination detection
Foundation.
Step 4: determine the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination: the oblique incidence ultrasonic longitudinal wave probe using range finding to edit is placed in
Have at the artificial flat-bottom hole of prespecified aperture and hole depth specification, adjust ultrasonic unit so that it is reflection wave height is maximum, then will
It is adjusted on the basis of fluorescent screen full-scale 80% wave height as the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination.
Step 5: along the circumferential direction and probe scanning face is divided into some continuous print scanning passage zone by axial direction, and
Adjacent area has the overlapping region of 0%-50%.
Step 6: utilize ultrasound probe that reference block is carried out ultrasonic examination detection.During detection, ultrasound wave is visited
Head couple with scanning face, carry out respectively detection along link pin body periphery direction with axial on detection.Need explanation
, periphery detection and axially detection are the most separately carried out, and to keep the continuity of detection, more preferably determine material defects position
Put and kind.Can select voluntarily first carry out periphery detection or axially detect according to practical situation.
Step 7: analyze testing result.
Further, in step 4, the specification of prespecified artificial flat-bottom hole is: a diameter of 2mm at the bottom of hole, and hole depth is 10
mm。
Further, in step 5, step 5 is particularly as follows: the percentage ratio of overlapping region is 10%-30%.
Further, link pin body band aging crack selected by step one；Step 2 also needs to process ARTIFICIAL CRACK,
Further, ARTIFICIAL CRACK described in step 2 is positioned on the face of cylinder of detection faces, and the making degree of depth is 0.5-5mm, with connecting rod
Pin body axis angle is 0-90 °.
Further, before step 5, in addition it is also necessary to be further added by 6 dB-10dB on the basis of the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination,
As the final flaw detection sensitivity performed during actual scanning.
The invention have the benefit that
The present invention uses effective ultrasound examination, can accurately be detected by the setting of flat-bottom hole and ARTIFICIAL CRACK and go to work
The improper crackle caused of skill and material defects.By the Non-Destructive Testing to link pin crackle, especially in the section of going to machine under arms
The wheel ultrasonic examination detection to carrying out, the machine of being effectively prevented breaks hidden danger, it is ensured that the operation safety of locomotive.
The present invention is applicable not only to the link pin detection of confined state, is also applied for do not disintegrate state and in-service presence
Ultrasonic examination detection, be simultaneously applicable to manufacture during single-piece independence link pin ultrasonic examination detection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of reference block of the present invention.
In figure: 1. detection faces, 2. flat-bottom hole, 3. ARTIFICIAL CRACK.
Detailed description of the invention
Specific embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, described reference block only defect raw-material to link pin detects.
The middle part of the link pin body of described reference block is provided with the endoporus run through along axis, and described link pin is originally
Body has the flat-bottom hole 2 of artificial, in the middle part that described flat-bottom hole 2 is arranged on link pin body is run through along axis
Hole, the most perpendicular with link pin body.
The present invention is to utilize flat-bottom hole 2 to provide a ultrasonic reflections equivalent, to detect material defects such as pore, slag inclusion
(metal or nonmetal).The value of concrete aperture and hole depth can be entered according to the quality standard taked and acceptance condition size
Row determines.It is said that in general, for specification according to existing link pin, aperture 1MM-5MM, hole depth 10MM-30MM
Flat-bottom hole 2 can meet different size link pin testing requirement.
The technical program is primarily directed to the link pin of a diameter of 74mm in the face of cylinder, and the aperture of flat-bottom hole 2 is preferably 2M
M-4MM, hole depth is preferably 10MM-20MM, and preferably processes at the face of cylinder of link pin 74mm (general at this
Will not process ARTIFICIAL CRACK 3, the defect of raw material can not be disturbed).Through verification experimental verification, the flat-bottom hole 2 of above-mentioned specification limit is made
Reflect equivalent for link pin material defects ultrasound examination, can well detect and likely affect lacking of link pin performance
Fall into, and itself will not affect the performance of link pin because of flat-bottom hole 2.
The process that the reference block with flat-bottom hole 2 detects material defects below illustrates
Step one: the selected link pin body prepared for making test block, determines flaw detection scanning face.
Probe scanning face i.e. detection faces 1.
Step 2: processing flat-bottom hole 2.
Described flat-bottom hole 2 is arranged on the endoporus that the middle part of link pin body is run through along axis, with link pin body
The most perpendicular；Aperture 1MM-5MM, hole depth 10MM-30MM.
Step 3: using the endoporus of link pin body as ultrasonic examination detection region and detection the degree of depth edit basis,
Range finding edits；The endoporus echo of link pin is demarcated as work system combination property state during ultrasonic examination detection
Foundation.
The method that described range finding edits is: uses link pin ultrasound probe to be placed in reference block detection faces 1, examines respectively
Measure the reflection of ultrasound wave incidence point and involve endoporus echo, adjust ultrasonic unit, in the ratio of 1:1～3:1, incidence point is anti-
Ejected wave and endoporus echo carry out range finding and edit.
Step 4: determine the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination: the oblique incidence ultrasonic longitudinal wave probe using range finding to edit is placed in
Have at the artificial flat-bottom hole 2 of prespecified aperture and hole depth specification, adjust ultrasonic unit so that it is reflection wave height is maximum, then
It is adjusted on the basis of fluorescent screen full-scale 80% wave height as the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination.
Step 5: along the circumferential direction and probe scanning face is divided into some continuous print scanning passage zone by axial direction, and
Adjacent area has the overlapping region of 0%-50%.
For the link pin of a diameter of 74mm, the face of cylinder and the taper seat of a diameter of for reference block 74mm are made by the present embodiment
For probe scanning region.
Being disposed to of overlapping region avoids each search coverage marginal portion effectively not detected, and owing to being
Detect with hands operation probe, easily cause the skew of detection position.In the present embodiment, the overlapping region of preferably 10%-30%, should
The overlap proportion of percentage range can more effectively ensure that each point in scanning face can effectively be detected, and can prevent overlap
Region too much cause detection efficiency low, moreover it is possible to make up detection position and offset the error that causes.
Step 6: utilize ultrasound probe that reference block is carried out ultrasonic examination detection.During detection, ultrasound wave is visited
Head couple with scanning face, carry out respectively detection along link pin body periphery direction with axial on detection.Need explanation
, periphery detection and axially detection are the most separately carried out, and to keep the continuity of detection, more preferably determine material defects position
Put and kind.Can select voluntarily first carry out periphery detection or axially detect according to practical situation.
Detection speed is specified by the present invention, and probe translational speed should control within 100mm/s.
Step 7: analyze testing result.
Although being previously determined the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination in step 4, but as a kind of optimal technical scheme,
Before step 5 performs, need on the basis of the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination, to be further added by 6 dB-10dB, as actual scanning process
The final flaw detection sensitivity of middle execution.Improve flaw detection sensitivity and can preferably detect the material defects being difficult to be noticeable.Work as inspection
When measuring abnormal, needing ultra-sensitivity is adjusted to ultrasonic examination sensitivity that step 4 sets again, detection determines again.
According to the original carrying out flaw detection sensitivity set, in the range of range finding is demarcated:
1) when echo is more than benchmark wave height, link pin is scrapped；
2) when echo is less than benchmark wave height, the special ultrasonic probe of link pin should be at circumferentially 360 ° of directions, vertically 0mm
～in the range of 40mm, carry out multiple spy, as checked flaw detection, this ripple all occurs, should notify that related personnel processes and itemized record, it is entered
Line trace monitors.
Produced by different types of material defects, ultrasonic reflections wave energy varies in size.The reflected energy of pore is relatively
Greatly, the reflected energy of slag inclusion (metal, nonmetal) is less.Further, single pore or slag inclusion due to small volume,
Being typically point-like, ultrasound probe carries out moving back and forth when detecting in its vicinity, and ultrasonic reflections ripple has only one
Abnormal protruding.When pore or slag inclusion continuous arrangement, during in chain, the exception of ultrasonic reflections ripple is protruding in wire or bar
Shape.
Specific embodiment 2:
This embodiment is in addition to carrying out raw-material detection, and also ARTIFICIAL CRACK 3 in reference block, as such, it is possible to once examining
In survey, crack defect and material defects are detected simultaneously, is greatly improved efficiency.
Described ARTIFICIAL CRACK 3 is distributed on the face of cylinder, generally on the cylinder of diameter 74mm, and the degree of depth of ARTIFICIAL CRACK 3
For 0.5-5mm, it is 0-90 ° with link pin body axis angle.As preferred technical scheme, when ARTIFICIAL CRACK 3
The degree of depth is 1-3.5mm, when being 20 °-45 ° with link pin body 1 axis angle, flaw detection sensitivity is the most quick, accurately,
Effectively, ultrasonic examination Detection results is good.
When carrying out ultrasonic examination detection, with link pin taper seat for flaw detection scanning face；As a diameter of 74mm of link pin
The face of cylinder complete exposed time, can with link pin taper seat for flaw detection scanning face, also can be with the face of cylinder of a diameter of 74mm
Flaw detection scanning face.
Below the detecting step of the present embodiment is described in detail.
Step one: select the link pin body of band aging crack, determines flaw detection scanning face.
Probe scanning face i.e. detection faces 1.
When detected part is in confined state, using the exposed part of tested part as the scanning face of probe, detect
Crackle and the material defects at position is hidden or blocks by other part.
Step 2: processing flat-bottom hole 2, the middle part that described flat-bottom hole 2 is arranged on link pin body is run through along axis
Endoporus, the most perpendicular with link pin body；Aperture is 1MM-5MM, hole depth 10MM-30MM.
Processing ARTIFICIAL CRACK 3, described ARTIFICIAL CRACK 3 is positioned on the periphery of detection faces 1, make the degree of depth be 1mm～
3.5mm, angle of inclination is 20 °～45.
Step 3: using the endoporus of link pin body as ultrasonic examination detection region and detection the degree of depth edit basis,
Range finding edits；The endoporus echo of link pin is demarcated as work system combination property state during ultrasonic examination detection
Foundation.
The method that described range finding edits is: uses link pin ultrasound probe to be placed in reference block detection faces 1, examines respectively
Measure the reflection of ultrasound wave incidence point and involve endoporus echo, adjust ultrasonic unit, in the ratio of 1:1～3:1, incidence point is anti-
Ejected wave and endoporus echo carry out range finding and edit.
Step 4: determine the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination: the oblique incidence ultrasonic longitudinal wave probe using range finding to edit is placed in
Have at the artificial flat-bottom hole 2 of prespecified aperture and hole depth specification, adjust ultrasonic unit so that it is reflection wave height is maximum, then
It is adjusted on the basis of fluorescent screen full-scale 80% wave height as the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination.
Step 5: along the circumferential direction and probe scanning face is divided into some continuous print scanning passage zone by axial direction, and
Adjacent area has the overlapping region of 0%-50%.
For the link pin of a diameter of 74mm, the face of cylinder and the taper seat of a diameter of for reference block 74mm are made by the present embodiment
For probe scanning region.
Step 6: ultrasound probe carries out ultrasonic examination detection, ultrasound probe couples with scanning face, carries out edge respectively
The detection on link pin body periphery direction and the detection of axial search coverage.
Step 7: analyze testing result.
The reflected energy of crackle is the biggest, but owing to being strip distribution, its reflection wave can with pore or
The reflection wave of linear porosity has bigger difference, is relatively easy to differentiate.
It should be noted that in each step of embodiment 2, optimal way and points for attention are the most same as in Example 1.
Claims (10)
1. ultrasonic examination detection reference block, it is characterised in that include that link pin body, the middle part of link pin body are provided with
The endoporus run through along axis, described link pin body has the flat-bottom hole of artificial, and described flat-bottom hole is arranged on even
The endoporus that the middle part of lever pin body is run through along axis, the most perpendicular with link pin body.
2. ultrasonic examination detection reference block as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the aperture of flat-bottom hole is 1M
M-5MM, hole depth 10MM-30MM.
3. ultrasonic examination detection reference block as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the aperture of flat-bottom hole is 2M
M-4MM, hole depth 10MM-20MM.
4. ultrasonic examination detection reference block as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described reference block also includes
Being arranged at the ARTIFICIAL CRACK on link pin body, described ARTIFICIAL CRACK is distributed on the periphery of link pin detection faces, described people
Work crack depth is 0.5-5mm, is 0-90 degree with link pin body axis angle.
5. the detection method of ultrasonic examination detection reference block, it is characterised in that described detection method includes detecting former material
Material defect step, particularly as follows:
Step one: the selected link pin body prepared for making test block, determines flaw detection scanning face；
Step 2: processing flat-bottom hole, described flat-bottom hole is arranged on the endoporus that the middle part of link pin body is run through along axis,
The most perpendicular with link pin body；Aperture is 1MM-5MM, hole depth 10MM-30MM；
Step 3: using the endoporus of link pin body as ultrasonic examination detection region and the basis that edits detecting the degree of depth, range finding
Edit；The endoporus echo of link pin is as depending on that work system combination property state during ultrasonic examination detection is demarcated
According to；
Step 4: determine the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination: the oblique incidence ultrasonic longitudinal wave probe using range finding to edit is placed in be had
At the artificial flat-bottom hole of prespecified aperture and hole depth specification, adjust ultrasonic unit so that it is reflection wave height is maximum, then is adjusted
Whole for wave height on the basis of fluorescent screen full-scale 80% as the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination；
Step 5: along the circumferential direction and probe scanning face is divided into some continuous print scanning passage zone by axial direction, and adjacent
There is the overlapping region of 0%-50% in region；
Step 6: utilize ultrasound probe that reference block is carried out ultrasonic examination detection；During detection, ultrasound probe with
Scanning face couples, carry out respectively the detection along link pin body periphery direction and axially on detection；
Step 7: analyze testing result.
6. the detection method of ultrasonic examination detection reference block as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that step 4
In, the specification of prespecified artificial flat-bottom hole is: a diameter of 2mm at the bottom of hole, and hole depth is 10mm.
7. the detection method of ultrasonic examination detection reference block as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that step 5
In, the percentage ratio of overlapping region is 10%-30%.
8. the detection method of ultrasonic examination detection reference block as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that step one institute
Selecting link pin body band aging crack, step 2 also needs to process ARTIFICIAL CRACK.
9. the detection method of ultrasonic examination detection reference block as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that step 2 institute
Stating ARTIFICIAL CRACK to be positioned on the face of cylinder of detection faces, the making degree of depth is 0.5-5mm, with link pin body axis angle is
0-90°。
10. the detection method of the ultrasonic examination detection reference block as described in any one of claim 5-9, its feature exists
In, before step 5, in addition it is also necessary to be further added by 6 dB-10dB on the basis of the sensitivity of ultrasonic examination, as actual scanning
The final flaw detection sensitivity performed in journey.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610830163.1A CN106226406A (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2016-09-19 | Ultrasonic examination detection reference block and detection method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610830163.1A CN106226406A (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2016-09-19 | Ultrasonic examination detection reference block and detection method thereof |
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ID=58075606
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108956775A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-12-07 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of high-sensitivity ultrasonic detection method of engine complex profile bearing part |
| CN112748188A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 北京交通大学 | Test method for detecting fatigue crack detection capability of axle of high-speed train by ultrasonic flaw detection |
| CN114280164A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-04-05 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Overlaying layer ultrasonic detection method |
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| CN104155367A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-11-19 | 南车成都机车车辆有限公司 | Reference block of ultrasonic flaw detection and application method thereof |
| CN104297342A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-01-21 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic testing method of engine air conduit electron beam welding line |
| CN104880514A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-02 | 南车成都机车车辆有限公司 | Reference test block for ultrasonic flow detection and using method thereof |
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| CN103675098A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 南车成都机车车辆有限公司 | Ultrasonic flaw detection method of cracks of connecting rod pin of locomotive wheel set |
| CN104155367A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-11-19 | 南车成都机车车辆有限公司 | Reference block of ultrasonic flaw detection and application method thereof |
| CN104297342A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-01-21 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic testing method of engine air conduit electron beam welding line |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108956775A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-12-07 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of high-sensitivity ultrasonic detection method of engine complex profile bearing part |
| CN112748188A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 北京交通大学 | Test method for detecting fatigue crack detection capability of axle of high-speed train by ultrasonic flaw detection |
| CN114280164A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-04-05 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Overlaying layer ultrasonic detection method |
| CN114280164B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-04-09 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for build-up welding layer |
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