CN106225942B - A method of measuring overhead transmission line natural convection temperature field - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用步进电机驱动的剖分轴承固定的轮状热电偶簇测量架空输电线路自然对流温度场的方法，主要包括以下的步骤：S1、将若干根热电偶组成轮状热电偶簇，并且均匀固定在由步进电机驱动的剖分轴承上。每个热电偶测温触头与导线的距离都不一致，用来测量与导线不同距离处的热场温度。S2、剖分轴承外圈以某一周期绕导线旋转一周之后便得到导线周围指定方位、指定距离的温度分布。本发明综合考虑到了电力架空线路温度场分布、测量技术和工程热物理等多种知识，能够在较为精确的测量架空线周围温度场分布情况的前提下又能够尽量不影响其原有的温度分布。
The invention discloses a method for measuring the natural convection temperature field of an overhead power transmission line by adopting a wheel-shaped thermocouple cluster driven by a stepping motor to drive a split bearing and fixing it. It mainly includes the following steps: S1. Even clusters are evenly fixed on split bearings driven by stepper motors. The distance between the temperature measuring contact of each thermocouple and the wire is different, and it is used to measure the temperature of the thermal field at different distances from the wire. S2. After splitting the outer ring of the bearing and rotating around the wire at a certain period, the temperature distribution at a specified position and a specified distance around the wire can be obtained. The present invention comprehensively considers the temperature field distribution of electric power overhead lines, measurement technology and engineering thermophysics, and can not affect the original temperature distribution as much as possible under the premise of relatively accurate measurement of the temperature field distribution around the overhead line .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及热电偶的测温技术、电机拖动原理、架空输电线技术以及和工程热物理相关的技术领域，具体涉及一种采用步进电机驱动的剖分轴承固定的轮状热电偶簇测量架空输电线路自然对流温度场的方法。The invention relates to the temperature measurement technology of thermocouples, the principle of motor driving, overhead transmission line technology and technical fields related to engineering thermophysics, in particular to a wheel-shaped thermocouple cluster measurement driven by a stepping motor and fixed by split bearings Method for natural convection temperature field of overhead transmission lines.
背景技术Background technique
一般的架空输电线路都应当满足如下形式的热平衡方程：General overhead transmission lines should satisfy the heat balance equation of the following form:
QR+Qt＝Ql+Qf (1)Q R + Q t = Q l + Q f (1)
其中，QR代表单位长度导体产生的焦耳热，Qt代表单位长度导体所受到的太阳辐射热量，Ql代表单位长度道题的对流散热量，Qf代表单位长度导体的辐射散热量。Among them, Q R represents the Joule heat generated by the conductor per unit length, Q t represents the solar radiation heat received by the conductor per unit length, Q l represents the convective heat dissipation per unit length, and Q f represents the radiation heat dissipation per unit length conductor.
由于导体的焦耳热公式为：Since the Joule heat formula of a conductor is:
QR＝I2Rac (2)Q R ＝ I 2 R ac (2)
联立公式(1)和公式(2)，可以得到导体的载流量方程如下：Combining formula (1) and formula (2), the current carrying capacity equation of the conductor can be obtained as follows:
从公式(3)中可以看到，导线的载流量与导线的吸热和散热关系密切相关，增大导体载流量的一个重要的方法就是增大导体的散热量，而架空线的散热中最主要的是对流散热，因此对对流散热情况的研究对提升导线的载流量具有重要的意义。It can be seen from formula (3) that the ampacity of the conductor is closely related to the heat absorption and heat dissipation of the conductor. An important method to increase the ampacity of the conductor is to increase the heat dissipation of the conductor, and the heat dissipation of the overhead line is the most The main thing is convection heat dissipation, so the research on convection heat dissipation is of great significance to improve the current carrying capacity of the wire.
在目前的研究当中，对导线的自然对流情况主要集中在导线的对流与导线的表面温度的关系研究，有关于导线周围温度场的研究主要集中在仿真和数值计算方面。而在实际的架空线运行当中，特别是考虑到未安装间隔棒的双分裂导线运行当中，导线之间的温度影响是一个十分重要的研究课题，而实际运行的导线由于其所处的环境十分复杂，通过理论计算得到的温度场情况往往不能满足要求，因此对导线的近温度场分布进行试验研究十分有必要，目前亟待就针对架空线的近温度场监测提供了一种可行、方便的监测方法。In the current research, the natural convection of the wire is mainly focused on the relationship between the convection of the wire and the surface temperature of the wire, and the research on the temperature field around the wire is mainly focused on simulation and numerical calculation. In the actual operation of overhead lines, especially considering the operation of double-split conductors without spacers, the temperature influence between the conductors is a very important research topic, and the actual operating conductors are very sensitive due to their environment. The temperature field obtained through theoretical calculations often cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experimental research on the near-temperature field distribution of wires. At present, it is urgent to provide a feasible and convenient monitoring method for the near-temperature field monitoring of overhead lines. method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中测量架空输电线路温度普遍采用的测量表面温度而忽视了近温度场的影响的缺点，提供一种测量架空输电线路自然对流温度场的方法，该方法所采用的测量温度场方式比红外温度测量方法成本大大减小，具有良好的经济性。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcoming of measuring the surface temperature commonly used in measuring the temperature of overhead transmission lines in the prior art and ignoring the influence of the near temperature field, and to provide a method for measuring the natural convection temperature field of overhead transmission lines. Compared with the infrared temperature measurement method, the cost of the method of measuring the temperature field is greatly reduced, and has good economy.
本发明的目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by taking the following technical solutions:
一种测量架空输电线路自然对流温度场的方法，包括下列步骤:A method for measuring the natural convection temperature field of an overhead transmission line, comprising the following steps:
S1、将若干根热电偶组成长度不一的轮状热电偶簇，并且均匀固定在由步进电机驱动的剖分轴承上；S1. Several thermocouples are formed into wheel-shaped thermocouple clusters with different lengths, and evenly fixed on the split bearing driven by the stepping motor;
S2、所述剖分轴承外圈以某一周期绕导线旋转一周之后便得到导线周围指定方位、指定距离的温度分布。S2. After the outer ring of the split bearing rotates around the wire at a certain period, the temperature distribution at a specified position and a specified distance around the wire is obtained.
进一步地，所述热电偶以不同方位均匀固定于所述剖分轴承上，每两个热电偶固定点与导线轴心连线的夹角为θ，所述夹角θ根据需要测量的点的数量决定。Further, the thermocouples are uniformly fixed on the split bearings in different orientations, and the included angle between every two fixed points of the thermocouples and the line connecting the axis of the wire is θ, and the included angle θ depends on the points to be measured. Quantity decision.
进一步地，当所述轮状热电偶簇中热电偶的数量为n根时，每两个热电偶与轴心连线的夹角为：Further, when the number of thermocouples in the wheel-shaped thermocouple cluster is n, the angle between every two thermocouples and the line connecting the axis is:
进一步地，所述热电偶在固定到所述剖分轴承上之后对其进行弯折使所述热电偶与导线相垂直，而弯折的部分的长度应当根据具体的测量位置的高度来确定，并且预留下一定的长度l0，使热电偶测温触头附近再次进行一次和第一次弯折方向相反的第二次弯折，使靠近热电偶测温触头处的热电偶丝与导线相平行。Further, after the thermocouple is fixed on the split bearing, it is bent so that the thermocouple is perpendicular to the wire, and the length of the bent part should be determined according to the height of the specific measurement position, And reserve a certain length l 0 to make a second bend near the thermocouple temperature measuring contact, which is opposite to the first bending direction, so that the thermocouple wire close to the thermocouple temperature measuring contact and the The wires are parallel.
进一步地，所述热电偶测温触头与导线轴心的距离各不相同；如果所述热电偶应当测量高度为h处的温度场，而所述剖分轴承的内圈内径与外圈外径厚度为2x，那么所述热电偶弯折点与所述热电偶测温触头之间的长度为：|h-x|+l0。Further, the distance between the temperature measuring contact of the thermocouple and the axis of the wire is different; if the thermocouple should measure the temperature field at a height of h, and the inner diameter of the inner ring of the split bearing If the thickness of the diameter is 2x, then the length between the bending point of the thermocouple and the temperature measuring contact of the thermocouple is: |hx|+l 0 .
进一步地，所述热电偶测温触头与导线之间没有实物相阻隔。Further, there is no physical barrier between the temperature measuring contact of the thermocouple and the wire.
进一步地，所述剖分轴承外圈在步进电机驱动下每一脉冲旋转的角度等于所述夹角θ。Further, the angle of each pulse rotation of the split bearing outer ring driven by the stepping motor is equal to the included angle θ.
进一步地，所述步进电机的步距角满足：Further, the step angle of the stepper motor Satisfy:
其中，k代表剖分轴承外圈上的齿轮的分度圆直径与步进电机齿轮分度圆直径的比值。Among them, k represents the ratio of the pitch circle diameter of the gear on the outer ring of the split bearing to the pitch circle diameter of the stepping motor gear.
进一步地，所述剖分轴承在每一个状态下都保持指定时间以保证所述热电偶所测温度充分达到稳态。Further, the split bearing remains in each state for a specified time to ensure that the temperature measured by the thermocouple fully reaches a steady state.
进一步地，所述指定时间的区间为0.9min至1.1min。Further, the interval of the specified time is 0.9 min to 1.1 min.
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
1)在本发明中，由于采用的是热电偶测量导线周围的温度场，因此可以大大减少设备的成本，在一般情况下如果测量温度场的话采用的器件如红外测试或者紫外成像的设备其成本会大大增加，而且在应用起来也有很多不方便之处。1) In the present invention, since the thermocouple is used to measure the temperature field around the wire, the cost of the equipment can be greatly reduced. In general, if the temperature field is measured, the cost of the device used is such as infrared testing or ultraviolet imaging equipment. Will greatly increase, and there are many inconveniences in application.
2)在本发明中采用的是步进电机的旋转来测量导线周围的不同位置处的温度，这样每个热电偶可以测量多处的温度，减少了热电偶的使用数量，不仅减少了成本，而且还简化了装置的复杂程度，在实际测量中的使用更加简便。2) What adopted in the present invention is the rotation of stepping motor to measure the temperature at different positions around the wire, so that each thermocouple can measure the temperature of multiple places, which reduces the number of thermocouples used, not only reduces the cost, Moreover, the complexity of the device is simplified, and the use in actual measurement is more convenient.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明中步进电机驱动下的轮状热电偶簇测量自然对流的设备的正视图；Fig. 1 is the front view of the equipment of wheel-shaped thermocouple cluster measurement natural convection under stepping motor drive among the present invention;
图2是本发明中步进电机驱动下的轮状热电偶簇测量自然对流的设备的侧视图；Fig. 2 is the side view of the equipment of wheel-shaped thermocouple cluster measurement natural convection driven by stepping motor in the present invention;
图3是本发明公开的一种测量架空输电线路自然对流温度场的方法的流程图。Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for measuring the natural convection temperature field of an overhead transmission line disclosed by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
请参见图3，图3是本实施例中公开的一种测量架空输电线路自然对流温度场的方法的流程图。图3所示的一种采用步进电机驱动的剖分轴承固定的轮状热电偶簇测量架空输电线路自然对流温度场的方法，具体包括以下步骤：Please refer to FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the natural convection temperature field of an overhead power transmission line disclosed in this embodiment. A method for measuring the natural convection temperature field of an overhead transmission line using a wheel-shaped thermocouple cluster driven by a stepping motor driven by a split bearing and fixed as shown in Figure 3, specifically includes the following steps:
S1、将若干根热电偶组成长度不一的轮状热电偶簇，并且均匀固定在由步进电机驱动的剖分轴承上；S1. Several thermocouples are formed into wheel-shaped thermocouple clusters with different lengths, and evenly fixed on the split bearing driven by the stepping motor;
(1)热电偶以不同方位均匀固定于剖分轴承上，每两个热电偶固定点与导线轴心连线的夹角为θ；(1) The thermocouples are evenly fixed on the split bearings in different orientations, and the angle between each two thermocouple fixing points and the line connecting the wire axis is θ;
热电偶应当固定的具体位置根据需要测量的点的数量来决定，当在本专利中取n根热电偶时，每两个热电偶与轴心连线的夹角为：The specific position where the thermocouple should be fixed depends on the number of points to be measured. When n thermocouples are taken in this patent, the angle between each two thermocouples and the line connecting the axis is:
(2)热电偶测温触头与导线轴心的距离各不相同；(2) The distance between the thermocouple temperature measuring contact and the axis of the wire is different;
具体应用中，每根热电偶在固定到剖分轴承上之后应当对其进行弯折使热电偶与导线相垂直，而弯折的部分的长度应当根据具体的测量位置的高度来确定，并且应当预留下一定的长度l0，l0的主要意义在于使热电偶的触头附近再次进行一次和第一次弯折方向相反的第二次弯折，使靠近热电偶测温触头处的热电偶丝与导线相平行(具体情况见说明书附图中的侧视图)。如果某根热电偶应当测量高度为h处的温度场，而剖分轴承的内圈内径与外圈外径厚度为2x，那么热电偶弯折点与热电偶测温触头之间的长度为：|h-x|+l0，根据该公式得到热电偶丝一次弯折点的位置，然后量取和热电偶测温触头相距为l0的二次弯折点，并做好标记。In specific applications, after each thermocouple is fixed on the split bearing, it should be bent so that the thermocouple is perpendicular to the wire, and the length of the bent part should be determined according to the height of the specific measurement position, and should be Reserve a certain length l 0 , the main significance of l 0 is to make a second bend near the contact of the thermocouple which is opposite to the direction of the first bend, so that the position close to the temperature measuring contact of the thermocouple The thermocouple wire is parallel to the wire (see the side view in the attached drawing for details). If a thermocouple should measure the temperature field at a height of h, and the inner diameter of the split bearing and the thickness of the outer diameter of the outer ring are 2x, then the length between the bending point of the thermocouple and the temperature measuring contact of the thermocouple is : |hx|+l 0 , get the position of the primary bending point of the thermocouple wire according to this formula, then measure the secondary bending point which is l 0 away from the thermocouple temperature measuring contact, and mark it.
(3)剖分轴承由步进电机驱动；(3) The split bearing is driven by a stepping motor;
具体应用中，该剖分轴承的内圈固定在导线上，将剖分轴承的外圈固定在内圈外围并确定好其可以良好滑动之后，将步进电机固定在导线的外圈上。In a specific application, the inner ring of the split bearing is fixed on the wire, the outer ring of the split bearing is fixed on the periphery of the inner ring and after making sure that it can slide well, the stepper motor is fixed on the outer ring of the wire.
(4)热电偶测温触头与导线之间没有其他的实物相阻隔，热电偶冷端通过其他方式与温度显示仪表连接。(4) There is no other physical barrier between the thermocouple temperature measuring contact and the wire, and the cold end of the thermocouple is connected to the temperature display instrument by other means.
在剖分轴承、步进电机已经固定好，并且将所有的热电偶丝进行两次弯折之后，将热电偶丝固定在剖分轴承的外圈表面上已经标记好的位置上，可以用尼龙绳或者其他元件将其绑缚于轴承外圈上，并且保证正好将所有的一次弯折点固定在轴承外圈的外表面上。这样二次弯折点之后的电偶丝与导线平行，并且与一次弯折点和二次弯折点之间的电偶丝相垂直，可以确保热电偶的测温点与导线之间没有其他的物体(如热电偶丝)干扰，大大提高了测量的准确性。After the split bearing and the stepper motor have been fixed, and all the thermocouple wires have been bent twice, fix the thermocouple wires on the marked position on the surface of the outer ring of the split bearing. Nylon can be used to Bind it to the outer ring of the bearing by rope or other elements, and ensure that all the primary bending points are fixed on the outer surface of the outer ring of the bearing. In this way, the galvanic wire after the second bending point is parallel to the wire, and perpendicular to the galvanic wire between the primary bending point and the second bending point, which can ensure that there is no other wire between the temperature measuring point of the thermocouple and the wire. Objects (such as thermocouple wires) interfere, which greatly improves the accuracy of the measurement.
S2、剖分轴承外圈以某一周期绕导线旋转一周之后便得到导线周围指定方位、指定距离的温度分布；S2. After the outer ring of the subdivided bearing rotates around the wire at a certain period, the temperature distribution at a specified position and a specified distance around the wire can be obtained;
(1)剖分轴承外圈在步进电机驱动下每一脉冲旋转的角度等于θ；(1) The angle of each pulse rotation of the split bearing outer ring driven by the stepping motor is equal to θ;
具体应用中，为了使步进电机在每一个脉冲的作用下轴承的外圈旋转角度为θ，即可以使轴承外圈在旋转一周之后得到同一方向上不同高度处的温度数据，步进电机的步距角应当满足：In a specific application, in order to make the outer ring of the stepper motor rotate at an angle of θ under the action of each pulse, the temperature data at different heights in the same direction can be obtained after the outer ring of the bearing rotates one circle. The step angle should satisfy:
其中，k代表轴承外圈上的齿轮的分度圆直径与步进电机齿轮分度圆直径的比值。Among them, k represents the ratio of the diameter of the pitch circle of the gear on the outer ring of the bearing to the diameter of the pitch circle of the gear of the stepping motor.
(2)剖分轴承在每一个状态下都应当至少保持指定时间以保证热电偶所测温度充分达到稳态。(2) Split bearings should be maintained at least for a specified time in each state to ensure that the temperature measured by the thermocouple fully reaches a steady state.
示例性的，所述指定时间的区间0.9min至1.1min，即，剖分轴承在每一个状态下都应当至少保持0.9min至1.1min，以保证热电偶所测温度充分达到稳态。Exemplarily, the specified time ranges from 0.9 min to 1.1 min, that is, the split bearing should be maintained for at least 0.9 min to 1.1 min in each state, so as to ensure that the temperature measured by the thermocouple fully reaches a steady state.
由于热电偶测温触头本身的比热容的影响，在轴承外圈进行一次旋转之后的热电偶测温并不能马上达到稳态，而是需要一定的时间。根据对一些实验结果进行验证分析，得到时间在0.9min至1.1min之间时可以保证热电偶的测温数值达到稳态。优选的指定时间为1min。Due to the influence of the specific heat capacity of the thermocouple temperature measuring contact itself, the thermocouple temperature measurement after the outer ring of the bearing rotates once does not reach a steady state immediately, but takes a certain amount of time. According to the verification and analysis of some experimental results, it is obtained that the temperature measurement value of the thermocouple can reach a steady state when the time is between 0.9min and 1.1min. The preferred designated time is 1 min.
本实施例中采用八根热电偶，每根热电偶的二次弯折点与侧温触头之间距离为l0＝3cm，而各个热电偶测温的高度分别为h＝0.1cm、0.3cm、1cm、3cm、6cm、10cm、17cm、26cm，而剖分轴承的内圈内径与外圈外径之间的差为0.78cm，这样得到的一次弯折点与热电偶测温触头之间的距离为3.68cm、3.48cm、3.22cm、5.22cm、8.22cm、12.22cm、19.22cm、28.22cm。Eight thermocouples are used in this embodiment, the distance between the secondary bending point of each thermocouple and the side temperature contact is l 0 =3cm, and the height of each thermocouple temperature measurement is h=0.1cm, 0.3cm, respectively. cm, 1cm, 3cm, 6cm, 10cm, 17cm, 26cm, and the difference between the inner diameter of the inner ring of the split bearing and the outer diameter of the outer ring is 0.78cm, so the difference between the primary bending point and the temperature measuring contact of the thermocouple The distance between them is 3.68cm, 3.48cm, 3.22cm, 5.22cm, 8.22cm, 12.22cm, 19.22cm, 28.22cm.
而由于采用八根热电偶，所以每两根热电偶之前的相距角度为45°，当步进电机收到一个脉冲的信号时，剖分轴承的外围移动的角度为45°，在本实例中使步进电机的齿轮分度圆直径与剖分轴承的齿轮分度圆直径之比为1:2，那么步进电机的一个步距角为90°。Since eight thermocouples are used, the distance between every two thermocouples is 45°. When the stepper motor receives a pulse signal, the angle of the peripheral movement of the split bearing is 45°. In this example Make the ratio of the diameter of the gear index circle of the stepping motor to the diameter of the gear index circle of the split bearing be 1:2, then a step angle of the stepping motor is 90°.
本实施例公开的测量方法采用的测量设备的正视图和侧视图如说明书附图1和2所示。The front view and side view of the measuring equipment used in the measuring method disclosed in this embodiment are shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the specification.
综上所述，在本实施例中，由于采用的是热电偶测量导线周围的温度场，因此可以大大减少设备的成本，在一般情况下如果测量温度场的话采用的器件如红外测试或者紫外成像的设备其成本会大大增加，而且在应用起来也有很多不方便之处。同时，在本实施例中，采用的是步进电机的旋转来测量导线周围的不同位置处的温度，这样每个热电偶可以测量多处的温度，减少了热电偶的使用数量，不仅减少了成本，而且还简化了装置的复杂程度，在实际测量中的使用更加简便。To sum up, in this embodiment, since the thermocouple is used to measure the temperature field around the wire, the cost of the equipment can be greatly reduced. In general, if the temperature field is measured, devices such as infrared testing or ultraviolet imaging The cost of advanced equipment will greatly increase, and there are many inconveniences in application. Simultaneously, in this embodiment, what adopt is the rotation of stepper motor to measure the temperature at different positions around the wire, so that each thermocouple can measure the temperature of multiple places, reduce the number of thermocouples used, not only reduce Cost, but also simplify the complexity of the device, more convenient to use in actual measurement.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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