CN106225701B - A kind of long barrel inner diameter measuring device of small-bore smooth bore and method - Google Patents
A kind of long barrel inner diameter measuring device of small-bore smooth bore and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106225701B CN106225701B CN201610848066.5A CN201610848066A CN106225701B CN 106225701 B CN106225701 B CN 106225701B CN 201610848066 A CN201610848066 A CN 201610848066A CN 106225701 B CN106225701 B CN 106225701B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
Abstract
The present invention relates to smooth bore tube inside diameter measurement systems, in view of the problems of the existing technology, provide a kind of long barrel inner diameter measuring device of small-bore smooth bore and method.Computer of the present invention transmits digital controlled signal to Data Acquisition Card, sends digital controlled signal from digital output channel to two fiber-optical switches, synchronizes switching.After completing channel switching, light becomes signal light from fibre-optical probe to the transmitting of test tube inner circle section is waited for after interior circular section is reflected, and the interference of light is carried out with the reference light of fibre-optical probe end face reflection；Optical interference signals are sent into photodetector through the second fiber-optical switch after coaxial transmission and are recorded, and probe distal end is calculated to the distance for waiting for test tube inner circle section by computer；In conjunction with using standard smooth surface Ring Gauge Inner Diameter as with reference to the data obtained, the polar coordinates for waiting for multiple measuring points in test tube inner circle section can be obtained, pipe section internal diameter to be measured is obtained using ellipse fitting polar coordinates.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to smooth bore tube inside diameter measurement system, the long barrel inner diameter measuring device of especially a kind of small-bore smooth bore and
Method.
Background technology
In fields such as the dynamic high pressure loading experiments of the processing of smooth bore big gun gun tube and research material high pressure equation of state, how to fire
Big gun, light-gas gun gun tube internal diameter carry out it is accurate measure when being gun tube processing and using concern the most, accurately measure gun tube
Internal diameter is closely coupled to control projectile flight posture, raising accuracy at target.Therefore, smooth barrel internal diameter measuring technique is always army
Work production unit, weapons research department and Research Center hot spot of concern.
Currently, smooth bore bore measuring apparatus is divided by measurement method, there are two main classes：Mechanical measurement equipment and optics
Formula measuring apparatus.Mechanical measurement equipment is contact measurement equipment, based on logical only gauge, inside micrometer, dial bore gage,
Logical only gauge measurement data is qualitative data, and fathoming for inside micrometer and dial bore gage is limited.Based on triangle skill
Art and the optical profile type internal diameter measuring apparatus of Optical displacement sensor are that smooth bore bore precision optics measurement relatively conventional at present is set
It is standby.These measuring apparatus are non-contact type measuring device, and the compact a large amount of length and width dimensions of installation are needed in gauge head inner cavity almost
All in the optical module of tens of milliseconds magnitude, such as light device, collimation lens, CCD (or CMOS) and Optical displacement sensor.Due to it
Calibrate the parameter associations such as mutual distance between result and collimation lens placed angle, lens group, it is necessary to after mounting to these parameters
Accurately measured.Therefore, optical profile type internal diameter measuring apparatus common at present applies in general to measure internal diameter more than Ф
The smooth bore tube of 50.0mm needs to efficiently use intracavity space when design is suitable for measuring internal diameter and is less than the smooth bore tube of Ф 50.0mm
Arrange optical module, the difficulty of gauge head design is very big.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：In view of the problems of the existing technology, a kind of small-bore smooth bore is provided
Long barrel inner diameter measuring device and method.Having measurement small-bore (internal diameter is less than Ф 50.0mm), (length is more than the long barrel of smooth bore
10m) and the ability of deep hole internal diameter.Specifically using interference of light ranging technology realize fibre-optical probe to wait for test tube inner circle section away from
From measurement.Data Acquisition Card of the computer into measurement host transmits digital controlled signal, and defeated by the number of data collecting card
Go out channel and send digital controlled signal to two fiber-optical switches, carries out the synchronism switching of optical fiber link.After completing channel switching,
The light of light source transmitting is conveyed by the first specified fiber-optical switch, optical fiber circulator to specified fibre-optical probe.Light is from optical fiber
Pop one's head in waiting for that test tube inner circle section emits, become signal light after target reflects, with the reference light of fibre-optical probe end face reflection into
The row interference of light；Optical interference signals are opened feeding photodetector through the second optical fiber light after coaxial transmission and are recorded, and pass through meter
The distance for waiting for test tube inner circle section is calculated in calculation machine.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of long barrel inner diameter measuring device of small-bore smooth bore includes：
Head mechanism can wait for feeling relieved inside test tube, receive the light that measurement host is sent, and optical interference signals are returned
It is back to measurement host；
Measurement host, the switching for controlling optical fiber link, according to the digital controlled signal that computer is sent, data are adopted
The digital output channel of truck sends digital controlled signal to the first, second fiber-optical switch, carries out synchronizing for optical fiber link and cuts
It changes；After completing the first, second fiber-optical switch corresponding channel synchronism switching, the light of light source transmitting is opened by the first optical fiber light successively
It closes, optical fiber circulator is exported to specified fibre-optical probe；Light emits from fibre-optical probe to inside pipe wall to be measured, anti-through inside pipe wall to be measured
Become signal light after penetrating, the interference of light is carried out with the reference light of fibre-optical probe end face reflection, then by the interference of light light of fibre-optical probe
Strong signal is sent into photodetector；
Photodetector, the interference of light light intensity signal for recording measurement host output, and interference light intensity signal is transmitted
To computer；
Computer transmits digital controlled signal for the Data Acquisition Card into measurement host, and receives photoelectricity spy simultaneously
It surveys the interference light intensity signal that device transmits and carries out data processing, obtain computer and obtain waiting for test tube inner circle section internal diameter, i.e. small-bore
The long barrel internal diameter of smooth bore；
Further, the head mechanism includes for making head mechanism geometric center and waiting for test tube inner circle kernel of section weight
The centering machine of conjunction, the optical measurement mechanism for fibre-optical probe to be fixedly mounted and fibre-optical probe；The wherein described centering machine
Cylindrical surface is socketed with optical measurement mechanism anchor ring；The centering machine includes two groups of three-point fix devices, mechanism body, isolation
Plate and rear cover；The mechanism body be end face be empty, one end is a closed hollow cylinder；The three-point fix device packet
Include two groups of centering stabilizer blades, two conical sliding blocks and two springs；Every group of centering stabilizer blade quantity is at least 3；It is described fixed
Heart feet bottom is the hemisphere that outer diameter is more than mechanism body side through-hole internal diameter, and cylinder is arranged in hemisphere planar central,
The cylinder axis is overlapped with hemisphere body axis；Diameter hemisphere identical with cylinder diameter is set in another plane of cylinder
Body, the hemisphere body axis are overlapped with cylinder axis；Conical sliding block is the structure that cone is overlapped with cylindrical member at one end face, wherein
Cone is overlapped with cylinder bottom surface axis；Fibre-optical probe quantity is 5 many.
Further, the mounting means of the centering machine is：First group of centering stabilizer blade is pacified from centering machine body interior
It is filled in the through-hole of centering machine body side, the conical surface of the first conical sliding block (12) and first group of centering stabilizer blade (16) bottom end half
Sphere face paste is closed；Place the first spring (13) in the first conical sliding block bottom face side；The first spring other side, which is placed, squeezes first
The isolation board (14) of spring, isolation board (14) threaded hole are aligned with mechanism body (17) through-hole, with screw by isolation board spiral shell
Pit is fixedly connected with mechanism body through-hole；Then it is sequentially placed second spring (13) and the second conical sliding block (12), by
Two groups of centering stabilizer blades (16) are installed from the inside of mechanism body (17) to the through-hole of mechanism body side；Second conical sliding block
(12) the conical surface and second group of centering stabilizer blade (16) bottom end hemisphere face paste closes；Rear cover (11) is finally tightened, centering machine is completed
(9) installation.
Further, the measurement host includes data collecting card, light source, the first fiber-optical switch and the first optical fiber light
The optical fiber circulator and the second fiber-optical switch of output switching terminal mouth corresponding number；Second fiber-optical switch input port number
Amount is corresponding with optical fiber circulator quantity；The optical fiber circulator quantity is equal with fibre-optical probe quantity；First fiber-optical switch, light
The bandwidth of operation of fine circulator and the second fiber-optical switch includes the spectrum width of light source；Transmission Fibers I (3), Transmission Fibers II (5),
Photodetector (6), light source (25), fiber-optical switch I (26), optical fiber circulator (27), fibre-optical probe (28) and optical fiber light are opened
The optical fiber closed between II (30) is single mode optical fiber, is all made of optical fiber connector each other and is attached.
The computer obtains waiting for test tube inner circle section internal diameter, the i.e. detailed process of the long barrel internal diameter of small-bore smooth bore：
Step 1：The optical measurement mechanism of head mechanism is set to be detached with centering machine；In optical measurement mechanism, probe is taken
Mounting hole axis intersection point is origin O, and using any one mounting hole axis as x-axis, perpendicular axis is that y-axis establishes coordinate
System, then each probe mounting holes axis and the angle of x-axis may be defined as θi, wherein i=1,2 ..., N, N is probe quantity；Probe
Mounting base end face is the periphery of empty part and internal diameter is 2R0Standard smooth surface ring gauge inner headed face adaptation, fibre-optical probe will be installed
Probe mounting base end face be that empty part is inserted in standard smooth surface ring gauge, make fibre-optical probe alignment criteria ring gauge inner headed face；Gu
Quasi-optical face ring rule, and repeatedly Random-Rotation optical measurement mechanism are calibrated, leads to computer and controls the logical of the first, second fiber-optical switch
Road switches, and using ring standard gauge inner headed face as target, each fibre-optical probe front end is repeatedly measured to mark using interference of light ranging technology
The distance of quasi-optical face ring rule inner headed face, and calculate the average value r of the distance after multiple rotary0i；Since probe mounting base end face is
The periphery of empty part must have certain diameter tolerance that can be adapted to standard smooth surface ring gauge, which leads to optical measurement
Circle center generates offset relative to standard smooth surface ring gauge center outside mechanism, makes distance average r0iGenerate measurement error；By right
The offset behavior carries out modeling analysis and obtains, is cut where the internal diameter ratio and optical measurement mechanism probe mounting holes of standard smooth surface ring gauge
The difference of the outer circle outer diameter in face is not more than+0.08mm, when number of revolutions is not less than 20 times, distance average r0iMeasurement error it is little
In 0.01mm.
Step 2：Optical measurement mechanism and centering machine are fixed, is put into and waits in test tube inner circle section, gauge head is dragged, makes survey
Head, which reaches to specify, waits for test tube inner circle section, after gauge head centering, starts measuring system, the channel of fiber-optical switch is controlled by computer
Switching measures fibre-optical probe to waiting for test tube inner circle section to wait for test tube inner circle section as target using interference of light ranging technology
Distance ri, at this time can be by Ri=R0+ri-r0iDatum point O to the distance R for waiting for test tube inner circle sectioni；
Step 3：The N group fibre-optical probes obtained using measurement correspond to the polar coordinates (R of measuring pointi, θi), with elliptical implicit side
Cheng Jinhang least square fittings can obtain the long axis a and short axle b of fitted ellipse, take the sum of a, b can be used as and wait for that test tube inner circle is cut
The inner diameter measures D in face.
Further, the optical measurement mechanism includes probe mounting base, fiber optic protection cover and optical fiber protective tube；The spy
Head mounting base is that the hollow cylinder of ladder end face is arranged, and the hollow cylinder end face is sky, one end face closure；Probe peace
Closed end part in seat is filled, along the groove of probe mounting base axis setting protection optical fiber；Centering machine is socketed on probe installation
Seat end face is the part of sky；The closing cylinder diameter of centering machine main body and the anchor ring that probe mounting base end face is empty part
Internal diameter is equal；It is empty, the closed hollow cylinder in one end that fiber optic protection cover, which is end face, on the fiber optic protection cover closed end
Setting through-hole corresponding with probe mounting base groove；Fiber optic protection cover end face is the diameter and probe mounting base blind end of empty part
Diameter is equal；Erection sequence is：Fibre-optical probe sequentially passes through optical fiber protective tube, fiber optic protection cover through-hole, probe mounting base groove,
Then it is fixed in the probe mounting holes in probe mounting base；Probe mounting base is fixed by socket in fiber optic protection cover；By optical fiber
The oversheath of probe is bonded to fiber optic protection inside pipe wall, and optical fiber protective tube is bonded on the through-hole of fiber optic protection cover；Centering
Closing cylinder in mechanism is that empty anchor ring is adapted to optical measurement mechanism upper surface, with holding screw by cylinder screw thread
Hole is fixedly connected with anchor ring through-hole, and mechanical centering mechanism and optical measurement mechanism are integrated, and completes gauge head assembling.
A kind of long barrel inner diameter measurement method of small-bore smooth bore includes：
Step 1：Head mechanism is positioned over and waits for that test tube inner circle cross-sectional internal is felt relieved, receives what measurement host was sent
Light, and optical interference signals are back to measurement host；
Step 2：According to the digital controlled signal that computer is sent, the digital output channel of data collecting card to first,
Second fiber-optical switch sends digital controlled signal, carries out the synchronism switching of optical fiber link；Complete the first, second fiber-optical switch
After corresponding channel switches simultaneously, the light of light source transmitting passes through the first fiber-optical switch successively, optical fiber circulator is exported to optical fiber and visited
Head；Light emits from fibre-optical probe to inside pipe wall to be measured, becomes signal light after inside pipe wall to be measured reflection, anti-with fibre-optical probe end face
The reference light penetrated carries out the interference of light, and the interference of light light intensity signal of N number of fibre-optical probe is then sent into photodetector；
Step 3：Photodetectors register is used to record the interference of light light intensity signal of measurement host output, and by interference light intensity
Signal passes to computer, and computer is handled to obtain fibre-optical probe to the distance for waiting for test tube inner circle section to light intensity signal；
Step 4：Step 1 is repeated to 3, obtains the distance measured by each fibre-optical probe of gauge head；
Step 5：Using standard smooth surface ring gauge as measurement object, step 1 is repeated to 4, obtains each fibre-optical probe front end extremely
The distance of ring standard gauge inner headed face；
Step 6：It obtains fibre-optical probe using step 4,5 data obtained and corresponds to the polar coordinates of measuring point and ellipse is carried out to it
Fitting, can obtain the long axis a and short axle b of fitted ellipse, the sum of a, b is taken to can be used as the inner diameter measures for waiting for test tube inner circle section
D；
The wherein described head mechanism includes for making head mechanism geometric center be overlapped with test tube inner circle kernel of section is waited for
Centering machine, the optical measurement mechanism for fibre-optical probe to be fixedly mounted and fibre-optical probe；The wherein described centering machine cylinder
Face is socketed with optical measurement mechanism anchor ring；The centering machine include two groups of three-point fix devices, mechanism body, isolation board and
Rear cover；The mechanism body be end face be empty, one end is a closed hollow cylinder；The three-point fix device includes two
Group centering stabilizer blade, two conical sliding blocks and two springs；Every group of centering stabilizer blade quantity is at least 3；The centering branch
Sole end is the hemisphere that outer diameter is more than mechanism body side through-hole internal diameter, and cylinder is arranged in hemisphere planar central, described
Cylinder axis is overlapped with hemisphere body axis；Diameter hemisphere identical with cylinder diameter is set in another plane of cylinder,
The hemisphere body axis is overlapped with cylinder axis；Conical sliding block is the structure that taper bottom surface is overlapped with cylindrical member at one end face,
Middle cone is overlapped with cylinder bottom surface axis；The mounting means of the centering machine is：First group of centering stabilizer blade is from centering machine
Body interior is installed into the through-hole of centering machine body side, the conical surface of the first conical sliding block (12) and first group of centering stabilizer blade
(16) hemisphere face paste in bottom end is closed；Place the first spring (13) in the first conical sliding block bottom face side；It puts the first spring other side
The isolation board (14) for squeezing the first spring is set, isolation board (14) threaded hole is aligned with mechanism body (17) through-hole, uses screw
Isolation board threaded hole is fixedly connected with mechanism body through-hole；Then second spring (13) and the second conical sliding block are sequentially placed
(12), second group of centering stabilizer blade (16) is installed from the inside of mechanism body (17) to the through-hole of mechanism body side；Second
The conical surface of conical sliding block (12) and second group of centering stabilizer blade (16) bottom end hemisphere face paste are closed；Rear cover (11) is finally tightened, is completed
The installation of centering machine (9)；
The measurement host includes data collecting card, light source, the first fiber-optical switch and the first fiber-optical switch output end
The optical fiber circulator and the second fiber-optical switch of mouth corresponding number；Second fiber-optical switch input port quantity and fiber optic loop
Shape device quantity corresponds to；The optical fiber circulator quantity is equal with fibre-optical probe quantity；First fiber-optical switch, optical fiber circulator and
The bandwidth of operation of second fiber-optical switch includes the spectrum width of light source；Transmission Fibers I (3), Transmission Fibers II (5), photodetector
(6), light source (25), fiber-optical switch I (26), optical fiber circulator (27), fibre-optical probe (28) and fiber-optical switch II (30) it
Between optical fiber be single mode optical fiber, be all made of optical fiber connector each other and be attached.
Further, the computer obtains waiting for test tube inner circle section internal diameter, the i.e. tool of the long barrel internal diameter of small-bore smooth bore
Body process：
Step 1：The optical measurement mechanism of head mechanism is set to be detached with centering machine；In optical measurement mechanism, probe is taken
Mounting hole axis intersection point is origin O, and using any one mounting hole axis as x-axis, perpendicular axis is that y-axis establishes coordinate
System, then each probe mounting holes axis and the angle of x-axis may be defined as θi, wherein i=1,2 ..., N, N is probe quantity；Probe
Mounting base end face is the periphery of empty part and internal diameter is 2R0Standard smooth surface ring gauge inner headed face adaptation, fibre-optical probe will be installed
Probe mounting base end face be that empty part is inserted in standard smooth surface ring gauge, make fibre-optical probe alignment criteria ring gauge inner headed face；Gu
Quasi-optical face ring rule, and repeatedly Random-Rotation optical measurement mechanism are calibrated, leads to computer and controls the logical of the first, second fiber-optical switch
Road switches, and using ring standard gauge inner headed face as target, each fibre-optical probe front end is repeatedly measured to mark using interference of light ranging technology
The distance of quasi-optical face ring rule inner headed face, and calculate the average value r of the distance after multiple rotary0i；Since probe mounting base end face is
The periphery of empty part must have certain diameter tolerance that can be adapted to standard smooth surface ring gauge, which leads to optical measurement
Circle center generates offset relative to standard smooth surface ring gauge center outside mechanism, makes distance average r0iGenerate measurement error；By right
The offset behavior carries out modeling analysis and obtains, is cut where the internal diameter ratio and optical measurement mechanism probe mounting holes of standard smooth surface ring gauge
The difference of the outer circle outer diameter in face is not more than+0.08mm, when number of revolutions is not less than 20 times, distance average r0iMeasurement error it is little
In 0.01mm.
Step 2：Optical measurement mechanism and centering machine are fixed, is put into and waits in test tube inner circle section, gauge head is dragged, makes survey
Head, which reaches to specify, waits for test tube inner circle section, after gauge head centering, starts measuring system, the channel of fiber-optical switch is controlled by computer
Switching measures fibre-optical probe to waiting for test tube inner circle section to wait for test tube inner circle section as target using interference of light ranging technology
Distance ri, at this time can be by Ri=R0+ri-r0iDatum point O to the distance R for waiting for test tube inner circle sectioni；
Step 3：The N group fibre-optical probes obtained using measurement correspond to the polar coordinates (R of measuring pointi, θi), with elliptical implicit side
Cheng Jinhang least square fittings can obtain the long axis a and short axle b of fitted ellipse, take the sum of a, b can be used as and wait for that test tube inner circle is cut
The inner diameter measures D in face.
Further, the optical measurement mechanism includes probe mounting base, fiber optic protection cover and optical fiber protective tube；The spy
Head mounting base is that the hollow cylinder of ladder end face is arranged, and the hollow cylinder end face is sky, one end face closure；Probe peace
Closed end part in seat is filled, along the groove of probe mounting base axis setting protection optical fiber；Centering machine is socketed on probe installation
Seat end face is the part of sky；The closing cylinder diameter of centering machine main body and the anchor ring that probe mounting base end face is empty part
Internal diameter is equal；It is empty, the closed hollow cylinder in one end that fiber optic protection cover, which is end face, on the fiber optic protection cover closed end
Setting through-hole corresponding with probe mounting base groove；Fiber optic protection cover end face is the diameter and probe mounting base blind end of empty part
Diameter is equal；Erection sequence is：Fibre-optical probe sequentially passes through optical fiber protective tube, fiber optic protection cover through-hole, probe mounting base groove,
Then it is fixed in the probe mounting holes in probe mounting base；Probe mounting base is fixed by socket in fiber optic protection cover；By optical fiber
The oversheath of probe is bonded to fiber optic protection inside pipe wall, and optical fiber protective tube is bonded on the through-hole of fiber optic protection cover；Centering
Closing cylinder in mechanism is that empty anchor ring is adapted to optical measurement mechanism upper surface, with holding screw by cylinder screw thread
Hole is fixedly connected with anchor ring through-hole, and mechanical centering mechanism and optical measurement mechanism are integrated, and completes gauge head assembling.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
It is verified through many experiments, which can measure the smooth bore tube that bore is not less than Ф 50.0mm, and fathoming can
Up to several meters (10m or more), measured obtained internal diameter error is not more than 0.01mm, and resolving power is not less than 0.001mm.Relative to biography
For optical profile type internal diameter measuring apparatus of uniting, the present invention reduces the volume of gauge head on the basis of ensureing that measurement accuracy does not reduce,
It is set to have stronger advantage in small-bore smooth bore bore measurement problem.It is illustrated from technical solution it is found that in the sensing device
Reference light and signal light spectrometer record is reached after coaxial transmission, this optical fiber coaxial formula structure helps to avoid environment
The influences of the factors to measurement such as temperature vibrations, strong antijamming capability, degree of being practical are high.
Description of the drawings
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of smooth bore tube inside diameter measurement system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 a are the structural schematic diagrams one of head mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 2 b are the structural schematic diagrams two of head mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of optical measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that this measuring principle illustrates schematic diagram.
I the second Transmission Fibers of 4- measurement hosts 5- II of the first Transmission Fibers of 1- head mechanism 2- optical fiber connectors 3-
6- photodetector 7- controlling cable 8- computer 9- mechanical centerings mechanism 10- optical measurement mechanism 11- rear covers 12- cones
Shape sliding block 13- spring 14- isolation board 15- screws I 16- centering stabilizer blade 17- mechanism bodies 18- docking screw holes 19-
II 20- optical fiber protective tube 21- fiber optic protection covers 22- probe mounting base 23- probe mounting holes 24- of screw are to connecting
Thorax the second optical fiber of 30- in I 27- optical fiber circulator 28- fibre-optical probes 29- pipes of hole the first fiber-optical switches of 25- light sources 26-
II 31- data collecting cards of photoswitch, 32. measurement data points 33- section inner headed face 34- ring standard gauges inner headed face 35- to be measured
Cylinder outer circle 36. is fitted section inner circle where probe mounting holes.
Specific implementation mode
All features disclosed in this specification or disclosed all methods or in the process the step of, in addition to mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step other than, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification unless specifically stated can be equivalent or with similar purpose by other
Alternative features are replaced.That is, unless specifically stated, each feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics
?.
Related description of the present invention：
1, wait for that test tube inner circle section refers to the constituted plane of fibre-optical probe and tested small-bore (internal diameter is less than Ф
50.0mm) the section of the long barrel of smooth bore (length is more than 10m) and deep hole intersection.
2, wait for that test tube inner circle kernel of section refers to and wait for the geometric center in test tube inner circle section.The long barrel of small-bore smooth bore
To wait for test tube.
3, the difference of the outer circle outer diameter in section where the internal diameter of standard smooth surface ring gauge and optical measurement mechanism probe mounting holes is not
More than+0.08mm.Wheel measuring number is no less than 20 times.
One, the present apparatus course of work：
Computer transmits digital controlled signal for the Data Acquisition Card into measurement host, and receives photoelectricity spy simultaneously
It surveys the interference light intensity signal that device transmits and carries out data processing, obtain probe distal end to the distance for waiting for test tube inner circle section.
On the basis of the above, computer obtains waiting for test tube inner circle section internal diameter, then carries out data correction, detailed process packet
It includes：
Step 1：The optical measurement mechanism of head mechanism is set to be detached with centering machine；In optical measurement mechanism, probe is taken
Mounting hole axis intersection point is origin O, and using any one mounting hole axis as x-axis, perpendicular axis is that y-axis establishes coordinate
System, then each probe mounting holes axis and the angle of x-axis may be defined as θi, wherein i=1,2 ..., N, N is probe quantity；Probe
Mounting base end face is the periphery of empty part and internal diameter is 2R0Standard smooth surface ring gauge inner headed face adaptation, fibre-optical probe will be installed
Probe mounting base end face be that empty part is inserted in standard smooth surface ring gauge, make fibre-optical probe alignment criteria ring gauge inner headed face；Gu
Quasi-optical face ring rule, and repeatedly Random-Rotation optical measurement mechanism are calibrated, leads to computer and controls the logical of the first, second fiber-optical switch
Road switches, and using ring standard gauge inner headed face as target, each fibre-optical probe front end is repeatedly measured to mark using interference of light ranging technology
The distance of quasi-optical face ring rule inner headed face, and calculate the average value r of the distance after multiple rotary0i；Since probe mounting base end face is
The periphery of empty part must have certain diameter tolerance that can be adapted to standard smooth surface ring gauge, which leads to optical measurement
Circle center generates offset relative to standard smooth surface ring gauge center outside mechanism, makes distance average r0iGenerate measurement error；By right
The offset behavior carries out modeling analysis and obtains, is cut where the internal diameter ratio and optical measurement mechanism probe mounting holes of standard smooth surface ring gauge
The difference of the outer circle outer diameter in face is not more than+0.08mm, when number of revolutions is not less than 20 times, distance average r0iMeasurement error it is little
In 0.01mm.
Step 2：Optical measurement mechanism and centering machine are fixed, is put into and waits in test tube inner circle section, gauge head is dragged, makes survey
Head, which reaches to specify, waits for test tube inner circle section, after gauge head centering, starts measuring system, the channel of fiber-optical switch is controlled by computer
Switching measures fibre-optical probe to waiting for test tube inner circle section to wait for test tube inner circle section as target using interference of light ranging technology
Distance ri, at this time can be by Ri=R0+ri-r0iDatum point O to the distance R for waiting for test tube inner circle sectioni；
Step 3：The N group fibre-optical probes obtained using measurement correspond to the polar coordinates (R of measuring pointi, θi), with elliptical implicit side
Cheng Jinhang least square fittings can obtain the long axis a and short axle b of fitted ellipse, take the sum of a, b can be used as and wait for that test tube inner circle is cut
The inner diameter measures D in face.
Two, gauge head installation process：
The optical measurement mechanism includes probe mounting base, fiber optic protection cover, can at least install 5 fibre-optical probes, and have
The probe mounting holes and optical fiber protective tube equal with probe quantity can be installed；Fibre-optical probe is sequentially passed through into optical fiber protective tube, light
Fine protective cover through-hole, probe mounting base groove, are then fixed in the probe mounting holes in probe mounting base, with trees such as 502 glue
Lipid glue fixes fibre-optical probe.Probe mounting base can be inserted in fiber optic protection cover, and screw hole is arranged at the two bottom, uses clamp screw
Nail can fix the two.The optical fiber jacket of fibre-optical probe is bonded to fiber optic protection inside pipe wall with the resinaes such as 502 glue glue, and
Optical fiber protective tube is connect to be bonded on the through-hole of fiber optic protection cover.Cylinder and optical measuring machine where docking screw hole on centering machine
Anchor ring adaptation where docking through-hole on structure, after the two adaptation docking, screw is fixed on docking spiral shell by docking through-hole
Mechanical centering mechanism and optical measurement mechanism can be integrated by Kong Zhong, complete head mechanism assembling.
Three, the head mechanism course of work：
Stabilizer blade of feeling relieved is mounted in 3 through-holes of centering machine body side, and bottom end is that outer diameter is more than through-hole internal diameter
Hemisphere, since the bottom end hemisphere of centering stabilizer blade can not pass through mechanism body side through-hole, so in the activity of centering stabilizer blade
In the process, the bottom end hemisphere can play the role of limit to centering stabilizer blade；Specially：The hemispheroidal spherical surface in bottom end and
The circular conical surface of one conical sliding block fits, and generates the opposite frictional force in direction each other.First spring one end top pressure is slided in taper
Block rear, other end top pressure are being fixed on by screw on the isolation board in mechanism body stage casing.First spring is in compression shape
State applies to thrust the first conical sliding block, the thrust and first group of centering stabilizer blade hemisphere spherical surface, first conical sliding block circular cone
The horizontal component of frictional force is in equilibrium state between face, and the frictional force vertical component for reacting on centering stabilizer blade makes first group to determine
The outside top pressure of heart stabilizer blade nobumichi hole axis direction.Two groups of three points centering structures are closed in mechanism body, rear cover and mechanism by rear cover
Main body is by being threadedly coupled.
When pulling head mechanism to reach the section to be measured of thorax in pipe, front and back two groups of centering stabilizer blades top of centering machine
(thorax end in top pressure pipe) is prolonged its axis direction to gauge head internal contraction by the pressure on top surface for coming from thorax in pipe, at this time foot bottom
It holds the circular conical surface of hemispheroidal spherical surface and conical sliding block to fit, generates the opposite frictional force in direction each other.Conical sliding block by
To frictional force generate and prolong the component of gauge head axis direction, push sliding block compressed spring, the restoring force of spring made to increase.Work as spring
Restoring force when increasing to compressive force balance, 3 centering stabilizer blades also reach stress balance and stop shrinking.Due to one group 3 points
The geometric dimension of 3 centering stabilizer blades of adjective-centre structure is identical, when thorax reaches stress balance in stabilizer blade top pressure pipe of feeling relieved, 3
It is also essentially equal that a centering stabilizer blade, which stretches out the length of gauge head main body, and the profile center in section to be measured is believed that and 3 at this time
The circle center that centering stabilizer blade top defines, i.e., it is concentric with gauge head center, complete centering process.
The invention is not limited in specific implementation modes above-mentioned.The present invention, which expands to, any in the present specification to be disclosed
New feature or any new combination, and disclose any new method or process the step of or any new combination.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of long barrel inner diameter measuring device of small-bore smooth bore, it is characterised in that including：
Head mechanism can wait for feeling relieved inside test tube, receive the light that measurement host is sent, and optical interference signals are back to
Measurement host；
Measurement host, the switching for controlling optical fiber link, according to the digital controlled signal that computer is sent, data collecting card
Digital output channel to the first, second fiber-optical switch send digital controlled signal, carry out the synchronism switching of optical fiber link；It is complete
After the first, second fiber-optical switch corresponding channel synchronism switching, the light of light source transmitting passes through the first fiber-optical switch, light successively
Fine circulator is exported to specified fibre-optical probe；Light emits from fibre-optical probe to inside pipe wall to be measured, after inside pipe wall to be measured reflection
As signal light, the interference of light is carried out with the reference light of fibre-optical probe end face reflection, then believes the interference of light light intensity of fibre-optical probe
Number feeding photodetector；
Photodetector, the interference of light light intensity signal for recording measurement host output, and interference light intensity signal is passed into meter
Calculation machine；
Computer transmits digital controlled signal for the Data Acquisition Card into measurement host, and receives photodetector simultaneously
The interference light intensity signal of transmission carries out data processing, obtains waiting for test tube inner circle section internal diameter, the i.e. long barrel internal diameter of small-bore smooth bore；
The head mechanism include for make head mechanism geometric center with wait for centering machine that test tube inner circle kernel of section overlaps,
Optical measurement mechanism for installing fibre-optical probe and fibre-optical probe；The wherein described centering machine cylindrical surface and optical measuring machine
Structure anchor ring is socketed；The centering machine includes two groups of three-point fix devices, is set as hollow cylinder mechanism body, isolation
Plate and rear cover；The hollow cylinder end face is empty, one end is a closing cylinder；The three-point fix device includes two groups
Centering stabilizer blade, two conical sliding blocks and two springs；Every group of centering stabilizer blade quantity is at least 3；The centering feet bottom
It is more than the hemisphere of mechanism body side through-hole internal diameter for outer diameter, cylinder, the cylinder is set in hemisphere planar central
Axis is overlapped with hemisphere body axis；Setting diameter hemisphere identical with cylinder diameter in another plane of cylinder, described half
Sphere axis is overlapped with cylinder axis；Conical sliding block is the structure that cone is overlapped with cylindrical member at one end face, wherein cone and circle
Cylinder bottom surface axis overlaps；Fibre-optical probe quantity is no less than 5；
The measurement host includes data collecting card, light source, the first fiber-optical switch and the first fiber-optical switch output port pair
Answer the optical fiber circulator and the second fiber-optical switch of quantity；Second fiber-optical switch input port quantity and optical fiber circulator number
Amount corresponds to.
2. the long barrel inner diameter measuring device of a kind of small-bore smooth bore according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the centering
The mounting means of mechanism is：First group of centering stabilizer blade is installed from centering machine body interior to the through-hole of centering machine body side
In, the conical surface of the first conical sliding block and first group of centering feet bottom hemisphere face paste are closed；First conical sliding block bottom face side
Place the first spring；The isolation board for squeezing the first spring is placed in the first spring other side, and isolation board threaded hole is logical with mechanism body
Hole is aligned, and is fixedly connected with isolation board threaded hole with mechanism body through-hole with screw；Then be sequentially placed second spring with
And second conical sliding block, second group of centering stabilizer blade is installed from the inside of mechanism body to the through-hole of mechanism body side；The
The conical surface of two conical sliding blocks and second group of centering feet bottom hemisphere face paste are closed；Rear cover is finally tightened, centering machine is completed
Installation.
3. the long barrel inner diameter measuring device of a kind of small-bore smooth bore according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the optical fiber
Circulator quantity is identical as fibre-optical probe quantity；The work of first fiber-optical switch, optical fiber circulator and the second fiber-optical switch
Bandwidth includes the spectrum width of light source；First Transmission Fibers, the second Transmission Fibers, photodetector, light source, the first fiber-optical switch,
Optical fiber between optical fiber circulator, fibre-optical probe and the second fiber-optical switch is single mode optical fiber, is all made of optical fiber company each other
Device is connect to be attached.
4. the long barrel inner diameter measuring device of a kind of small-bore smooth bore according to one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that institute
Computer is stated to obtain waiting for test tube inner circle section internal diameter, the i.e. detailed process of the long barrel internal diameter of small-bore smooth bore：
Step 1：The optical measurement mechanism of head mechanism is set to be detached with centering machine；In optical measurement mechanism, probe is taken to install
Axially bored line intersection point is origin O, and using any one mounting hole axis as x-axis, perpendicular axis is that y-axis establishes coordinate system, then
Each probe mounting holes axis and the angle of x-axis are defined as θi, wherein i=1,2 ..., N, N is probe quantity；Probe mounting base
End face is the periphery of empty part and internal diameter is 2R0Standard smooth surface ring gauge inner headed face adaptation, the spy of fibre-optical probe will be installed
Head mounting base end face is that empty part is inserted in standard smooth surface ring gauge, makes fibre-optical probe alignment criteria ring gauge inner headed face；Fixed standard
Smooth surface ring gauge, and repeatedly Random-Rotation optical measurement mechanism, the channel that the first, second fiber-optical switch is controlled by computer are cut
It changes, using ring standard gauge inner headed face as target, each fibre-optical probe front end is repeatedly measured to standard light using interference of light ranging technology
Face ring advises the distance of inner headed face, and calculates the average value r of the distance after multiple rotary0i；Since probe mounting base end face is sky portion
The periphery divided must have certain diameter tolerance that can be adapted to standard smooth surface ring gauge, which leads to optical measurement mechanism
Outer circle center generates offset relative to standard smooth surface ring gauge center, makes distance average r0iGenerate measurement error；By inclined to this
Migrate and obtained to carry out modeling analysis, the internal diameter of standard smooth surface ring gauge than with section where optical measurement mechanism probe mounting holes
The difference of outer circle outer diameter is not more than+0.08mm, when number of revolutions is not less than 20 times, distance average r0iMeasurement error be not more than
0.01mm；
Step 2：Optical measurement mechanism and centering machine are fixed, is put into and waits in test tube inner circle section, gauge head is dragged, gauge head is made to arrive
Wait for that test tube inner circle section starts measuring system after gauge head centering up to specified, the channel that fiber-optical switch is controlled by computer is cut
Change, to wait for test tube inner circle section as target, using interference of light ranging technology measure fibre-optical probe to wait for test tube inner circle section away from
From ri, at this time by Ri=R0+ri-r0iDatum point O to the distance R for waiting for test tube inner circle sectioni；
Step 3：The N group fibre-optical probes obtained using measurement correspond to the polar coordinates (R of measuring pointi, θi), with elliptical implicit equation into
Row least square fitting obtains the long axis a and short axle b of fitted ellipse, takes the sum of a, b as the internal diameter survey for waiting for test tube inner circle section
Magnitude D.
5. the long barrel inner diameter measuring device of a kind of small-bore smooth bore according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the optics
Measuring mechanism includes probe mounting base, fiber optic protection cover and optical fiber protective tube；The probe mounting base is setting ladder end face
Hollow cylinder, the hollow cylinder end face are sky, one end face closure；Closed end part in mounting base of popping one's head in, along spy
The groove of head mounting base axis setting protection optical fiber；Centering machine is socketed on the part that probe mounting base end face is empty；Centring machine
The closing cylinder diameter of structure main body is that the empty anchor ring internal diameter of part is equal with probe mounting base end face；Fiber optic protection cover is one
End face is empty, the closed hollow cylinder in one end, is arranged on the fiber optic protection cover closed end and probe mounting base groove pair
The through-hole answered；Fiber optic protection cover end face is that the diameter of empty part is equal with probe mounting base blind end diameter；Erection sequence is：Light
Fibre probe sequentially passes through optical fiber protective tube, fiber optic protection cover through-hole, probe mounting base groove, is then fixed in probe mounting base
Probe mounting holes in；Probe mounting base is fixed by socket in fiber optic protection cover；The oversheath of fibre-optical probe is bonded to optical fiber
Inside pipe wall is protected, and optical fiber protective tube is bonded on the through-hole of fiber optic protection cover；Closing cylinder on centering machine and light
The anchor ring adaptation that measuring mechanism upper surface is empty is learned, cylinder threaded hole and anchor ring through-hole are fixed into company with holding screw
It connects, mechanical centering mechanism and optical measurement mechanism are integrated, and complete gauge head assembling.
6. a kind of long barrel inner diameter measurement method of small-bore smooth bore, it is characterised in that including：
Step 1：Head mechanism is positioned over and waits for that test tube inner circle cross-sectional internal is felt relieved, receives the light that measurement host is sent, and
Optical interference signals are back to measurement host；
Step 2：According to the digital controlled signal that computer is sent, the digital output channel of data collecting card is to first, second
Fiber-optical switch sends digital controlled signal, carries out the synchronism switching of optical fiber link；Complete the first, second fiber-optical switch correspondence
After channel switches simultaneously, the light of light source transmitting passes through the first fiber-optical switch successively, optical fiber circulator is exported to specified optical fiber
Probe；Light emits from fibre-optical probe to inside pipe wall to be measured, becomes signal light after inside pipe wall to be measured reflection, with fibre-optical probe end face
The reference light of reflection carries out the interference of light, and the interference of light light intensity signal of fibre-optical probe is then sent into photodetector；
Step 3：Photodetectors register is used to record the interference of light light intensity signal of measurement host output, and by interference light intensity signal
Computer is passed to, computer is handled to obtain fibre-optical probe to the distance for waiting for test tube inner circle section to light intensity signal；
Step 4：Step 1 is repeated to 3, obtains the distance measured by each fibre-optical probe of gauge head；
Step 5：Using standard smooth surface ring gauge as measurement object, step 1 is repeated to 4, obtains each fibre-optical probe front end to standard
The distance of ring gauge inner headed face；
Step 6：Fibre-optical probe is obtained using step 4,5 data obtained to correspond to the polar coordinates of measuring point and carry out it oval intend
It closes, obtains the long axis a and short axle b of fitted ellipse, take the sum of a, b as the inner diameter measures D for waiting for test tube inner circle section；
The wherein described head mechanism includes the centering for making head mechanism geometric center with waiting for that test tube inner circle kernel of section overlaps
Mechanism, the optical measurement mechanism for fibre-optical probe to be fixedly mounted and fibre-optical probe；The wherein described centering machine cylindrical surface with
Optical measurement mechanism anchor ring is socketed；The centering machine include two groups of three-point fix devices, mechanism body, isolation board and after
Lid；The mechanism body be end face be empty, one end is a closed hollow cylinder；The three-point fix device includes two groups
Centering stabilizer blade, two conical sliding blocks and two springs；Every group of centering stabilizer blade quantity is at least 3；The centering feet bottom
It is more than the hemisphere of mechanism body side through-hole internal diameter for outer diameter, cylinder, the cylinder is set in hemisphere planar central
Axis is overlapped with hemisphere body axis；Setting diameter hemisphere identical with cylinder diameter in another plane of cylinder, described half
Sphere axis is overlapped with cylinder axis；Conical sliding block is the structure that cone is overlapped with cylindrical member at one end face, wherein cone and circle
Cylinder bottom surface axis overlaps；Fibre-optical probe quantity is no less than 5；The mounting means of the centering machine is：First group of centering branch
Foot is installed from centering machine body interior into the through-hole of centering machine body side, the conical surface of the first conical sliding block and first group
Feet bottom hemisphere face paste of feeling relieved is closed；Place the first spring in the first conical sliding block bottom face side；It puts the first spring other side
The isolation board for squeezing the first spring is set, isolation board threaded hole is aligned with mechanism body through-hole, with screw by isolation board screw thread
Hole is fixedly connected with mechanism body through-hole；Then it is sequentially placed second spring and the second conical sliding block, by second group of centering branch
Foot is installed from the inside of mechanism body to the through-hole of mechanism body side；The conical surface of second conical sliding block and second group of centering branch
Sole end hemisphere face paste is closed；Rear cover is finally tightened, the installation of centering machine is completed；
The measurement host includes data collecting card, light source, the first fiber-optical switch and the first fiber-optical switch output port pair
Answer the optical fiber circulator and the second fiber-optical switch of quantity；Second fiber-optical switch input port quantity and optical fiber circulator
Quantity corresponds to；The optical fiber circulator quantity is identical as fibre-optical probe quantity；First fiber-optical switch, optical fiber circulator and second
The bandwidth of operation of fiber-optical switch includes the spectrum width of light source；First Transmission Fibers, the second Transmission Fibers, photodetector, light source,
Optical fiber between first fiber-optical switch, optical fiber circulator, fibre-optical probe and the second fiber-optical switch is single mode optical fiber, mutually
Between be all made of optical fiber connector and be attached.
7. the long barrel inner diameter measurement method of a kind of small-bore smooth bore according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the calculating
Machine obtains waiting for test tube inner circle section internal diameter, the i.e. detailed process of the long barrel internal diameter of small-bore smooth bore：
Step 1：The optical measurement mechanism of head mechanism is set to be detached with centering machine；In optical measurement mechanism, probe is taken to install
Axially bored line intersection point is origin O, and using any one mounting hole axis as x-axis, perpendicular axis is that y-axis establishes coordinate system, then
Each probe mounting holes axis and the angle of x-axis are defined as θi, wherein i=1,2 ..., N, N is probe quantity；Probe mounting base
End face is the periphery of empty part and internal diameter is 2R0Standard smooth surface ring gauge inner headed face adaptation, the spy of fibre-optical probe will be installed
Head mounting base end face is that empty part is inserted in standard smooth surface ring gauge, makes fibre-optical probe alignment criteria ring gauge inner headed face；Fixed standard
Smooth surface ring gauge, and repeatedly Random-Rotation optical measurement mechanism, the channel that the first, second fiber-optical switch is controlled by computer are cut
It changes, using ring standard gauge inner headed face as target, each fibre-optical probe front end is repeatedly measured to standard light using interference of light ranging technology
Face ring advises the distance of inner headed face, and calculates the average value r of the distance after multiple rotary0i；Since probe mounting base end face is sky portion
The periphery divided must have certain diameter tolerance that can be adapted to standard smooth surface ring gauge, which leads to optical measurement mechanism
Outer circle center generates offset relative to standard smooth surface ring gauge center, makes distance average r0iGenerate measurement error；By inclined to this
Migrate and obtained to carry out modeling analysis, the internal diameter of standard smooth surface ring gauge than with section where optical measurement mechanism probe mounting holes
The difference of outer circle outer diameter is not more than+0.08mm, when number of revolutions is not less than 20 times, distance average r0iMeasurement error be not more than
0.01mm；
Step 2：Optical measurement mechanism and centering machine are fixed, is put into and waits in test tube inner circle section, gauge head is dragged, gauge head is made to arrive
Wait for that test tube inner circle section starts measuring system after gauge head centering up to specified, the channel that fiber-optical switch is controlled by computer is cut
Change, to wait for test tube inner circle section as target, using interference of light ranging technology measure fibre-optical probe to wait for test tube inner circle section away from
From ri, at this time by Ri=R0+ri-r0iDatum point O to the distance R for waiting for test tube inner circle sectioni；
Step 3：N groups (the R obtained using measurementi, θi), least square fitting is carried out with elliptical implicit equation, obtains being fitted ellipse
Round long axis a and short axle b, takes the sum of a, b as the inner diameter measures D for waiting for test tube inner circle section.
8. the long barrel inner diameter measurement method of a kind of small-bore smooth bore according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the optics
Measuring mechanism includes probe mounting base, fiber optic protection cover and optical fiber protective tube；The probe mounting base is setting ladder end face
Hollow cylinder, the hollow cylinder end face are sky, one end face closure；Closed end part in mounting base of popping one's head in, along spy
The groove of head mounting base axis setting protection optical fiber；Centering machine is socketed on the part that probe mounting base end face is empty；Centring machine
The closing cylinder diameter of structure main body is that the empty anchor ring internal diameter of part is equal with probe mounting base end face；Fiber optic protection cover is one
End face is empty, the closed hollow cylinder in one end, is arranged on the fiber optic protection cover closed end and probe mounting base groove pair
The through-hole answered；Fiber optic protection cover end face is that the diameter of empty part is equal with probe mounting base blind end diameter；Erection sequence is：Light
Fibre probe sequentially passes through optical fiber protective tube, fiber optic protection cover through-hole, probe mounting base groove, is then fixed in probe mounting base
Probe mounting holes in；Probe mounting base is fixed by socket in fiber optic protection cover；The oversheath of fibre-optical probe is bonded to optical fiber
Inside pipe wall is protected, and optical fiber protective tube is bonded on the through-hole of fiber optic protection cover；Closing cylinder on centering machine and light
The anchor ring adaptation that measuring mechanism upper surface is empty is learned, cylinder threaded hole and anchor ring through-hole are fixed into company with holding screw
It connects, mechanical centering mechanism and optical measurement mechanism are integrated, and complete gauge head assembling.
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| CN107687811A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-02-13 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空精密机械研究所 | A kind of device for the detection of big L/D ratio hollow thin-wall thin and long shafts part |
| CN108180839A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-19 | 浙江华安激光科技有限公司 | A kind of displacement sensor and detection device for small space detection |
| CN111928729B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-11-15 | 天津大学 | Method and device for measuring bore diameter of rifling of gun barrel |
| CN112258828A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-22 | 国网河南省电力公司济源供电公司 | Remote control and signal remote transmission method based on optical fiber communication |
| CN114199147B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-05-30 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Measuring device, gun barrel bore inner diameter and coaxiality measuring method |
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