CN106224972B - The refuse gasification combustion gas and steam turbine combined generating system that high-moisture gas recycles - Google Patents
The refuse gasification combustion gas and steam turbine combined generating system that high-moisture gas recycles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高水分气再利用的垃圾气化燃气和蒸汽轮机联合发电系统，包括垃圾气化系统、锅炉系统、发电系统，发电系统包括混合器、空气压气机、合成烟气压气机、合成烟气燃烧室、涡轮机a、涡轮机b、汽轮机、发电机a、发电机b、余热锅炉，涡轮机a的出气口并联合成气汽气换热器、空气汽气换热器的加热通道，再连接再循环风机的进气口，余热锅炉的废气排放口依次连接再循环风机、混合分离器，低压空气压气机、高压空气压气机之间连接气水换热器的受热通道。使用本高水分气再利用的垃圾气化燃气和蒸汽轮机联合发电系统，大规模的垃圾连续气化处理，垃圾处理量更大，热量的回收效率高，能够有效地减少污染物排放和CO2排放。
The invention discloses a garbage gasification gas and steam turbine combined power generation system for reuse of high-moisture gas, including a garbage gasification system, a boiler system, and a power generation system. The power generation system includes a mixer, an air compressor, and a synthetic flue gas compressor. , synthetic flue gas combustion chamber, turbine a, turbine b, steam turbine, generator a, generator b, waste heat boiler, the gas outlet of turbine a is combined into a gas-steam heat exchanger and a heating channel of the air-steam heat exchanger, Then connect to the air inlet of the recirculation fan, and the waste gas discharge port of the waste heat boiler is connected to the recirculation fan, the mixing separator, the low-pressure air compressor, and the high-pressure air compressor to the heating channel of the air-water heat exchanger in turn. Using this high-moisture gas reuse waste gasification gas and steam turbine combined power generation system, large-scale continuous waste gasification treatment, larger waste treatment capacity, high heat recovery efficiency, can effectively reduce pollutant emissions and CO2 emissions .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于固体废弃物焚烧处理及资源化处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种高水分气再利用的垃圾气化燃气和蒸汽轮机联合发电系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste incineration treatment and resource treatment, and in particular relates to a waste gasification gas and steam turbine combined power generation system for reuse of high-moisture gas.
背景技术Background technique
现有的垃圾处理技术主要有焚烧、卫生填埋、堆肥、废品回收等。在垃圾处理常规技术中，焚烧处理具有减量效果明显，无害化彻底，占地量小，余热能得到利用，二次污染少等优点，符合我国可持续发展的战略要求。但随着国内外对环保要求的不断提高，如何增强对二次污染的控制尤为重要。因此，垃圾热解气化焚烧技术被逐渐推到工业化应用的道路上，特别是针对国内垃圾现在主要采用的是各类焚烧技术，气化焚烧技术广泛的工业化将带来国内垃圾处理行业的技术革新换代。The existing waste treatment technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, and waste recycling. Among the conventional waste treatment technologies, incineration has the advantages of obvious reduction effect, complete harmlessness, small land occupation, utilization of waste heat energy, and less secondary pollution, which meets the strategic requirements of my country's sustainable development. However, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements at home and abroad, how to strengthen the control of secondary pollution is particularly important. Therefore, waste pyrolysis and gasification incineration technology is gradually pushed to the road of industrial application, especially for domestic waste, various incineration technologies are mainly used now, and the extensive industrialization of gasification and incineration technology will bring the technology of domestic waste treatment industry Innovation.
多年来，我国对生物质、垃圾等气化焚烧技术的科学研究，进展颇多，实验室的基础研究很多，也有应用研究，如：回转窑式、立式和流化床式的干馏气化或气化高温熔融技术等。但技术推广应用上还是存在一定限制，原料种类、垃圾处理量、二次污染控制和经济效益等是主要因素。Over the years, my country has made a lot of progress in the scientific research on gasification and incineration technology of biomass and garbage. There are many basic researches in the laboratory, and there are also applied researches, such as: rotary kiln type, vertical type and fluidized bed type retort gasification Or gasification high-temperature melting technology, etc. However, there are still certain limitations in the popularization and application of the technology. The main factors are the types of raw materials, the amount of garbage disposal, secondary pollution control and economic benefits.
在现有的焚烧工艺和设备中，炉排型焚烧炉形式多样，其应用占全世界垃圾焚烧市场总量的80％以上，其中有在炉体内采用机械式逆推炉排、顺推炉排或组合炉排，也有采用链板式和滚筒式等炉排。在锅炉设备中，锅炉回收热量方式方法颇多，技术成熟；热源种类也多，如：太阳能、冶炼炉余热、燃煤炉、流化床、固定床、回转窑等热源，利用锅炉回收热量，用于发电、供热、供暖等。Among the existing incineration processes and equipment, the grate type incinerator has various forms, and its application accounts for more than 80% of the total waste incineration market in the world. Among them, mechanical reverse push grate and forward push grate are used in the furnace body Or combined grate, there are also chain plate type and drum type grate. In boiler equipment, there are many methods and methods of boiler recovery of heat, and the technology is mature; there are also many types of heat sources, such as: solar energy, smelting furnace waste heat, coal-fired furnace, fluidized bed, fixed bed, rotary kiln and other heat sources, using boilers to recover heat, For power generation, heating, heating, etc.
综上所述，典型的气化焚烧和锅炉设备技术成熟，各有其自身优点，但在我国实际应用中需要解决的问题和不足：To sum up, the typical gasification incineration and boiler equipment technologies are mature, and each has its own advantages, but the problems and deficiencies that need to be solved in the actual application in our country are as follows:
1.对于我国生活垃圾含水量高、成分复杂等特性，移动炉床的技术使用，对垃圾的输送能力需要重点考虑。同时焚烧后的烟气中飞灰含量较高，锅炉积灰较重，清灰检修维护周期短。1. For the characteristics of high water content and complex composition of domestic waste in my country, the technical use of mobile hearth needs to focus on the transportation capacity of waste. At the same time, the content of fly ash in the flue gas after incineration is high, the boiler ash is heavy, and the maintenance cycle of ash cleaning is short.
2.随着垃圾产生量的不断增多，垃圾堆积如山，垃圾处理量必须得到有效的提高，才能适应市场需求。2. With the continuous increase of garbage generation, garbage piles up like a mountain, and the garbage disposal volume must be effectively increased in order to meet the market demand.
3.面对严格的污染物排放要求，二次污染控制是技术上需要解决的核心问题。3. In the face of strict pollutant discharge requirements, secondary pollution control is the core issue that needs to be solved technically.
4.为了有效的提高经济效益，垃圾热处理过程中，热量的回收效率需要提高。现有的垃圾热处理技术通常采用锅炉回收垃圾焚烧后的高温烟气热量，产生蒸汽推到汽轮机发电，整个转换热效率损耗较大，处理相同的垃圾量，相对减少热损耗和提高热交换效率就可以提高热效率。4. In order to effectively improve economic benefits, the heat recovery efficiency needs to be improved during the thermal treatment of waste. Existing waste heat treatment technologies usually use boilers to recover the heat of high-temperature flue gas after waste incineration, generate steam and push it to steam turbines for power generation. The entire conversion heat efficiency loss is relatively large, and the same amount of waste can be treated, relatively reducing heat loss and improving heat exchange efficiency. Improve thermal efficiency.
现有的技术如以下专利：外燃湿空气燃气轮机发电系统(ZL 01120378.1)、燃气轮机发电系统及其运行控制方法(ZL 200880007113.7)、双燃料助燃型燃气-蒸汽联合循环系统(ZL 200610062631.1)、煤粉燃气轮机发电系统以及产生煤粉两相流燃料的工艺方法(ZL200610062055.0)、多列分段驱动复合式生活垃圾焚烧炉(ZL200710092508.9)和两段式垃圾焚烧炉(ZL201010268376.2)中均涉及到的问题：没有结合垃圾热处理方式方法，以及垃圾热处理的二次污染控制、烟气成分复杂等问题；现有垃圾热处理热化学反应以氧化反应为主，还原反应辅助，易产生二次污染物，且燃烧过氧系数大，一次风、二次风供入量大，烟气中粉尘含量较高，对热能回收系统和烟气处理系统影响较大，容易积灰，烟气量较大，相对降低了热转换效率；垃圾气化焚烧后合成烟气的深度净化问题，需要合成烟气清洁度满足燃气轮机要求，以及垃圾气化焚烧-燃气-蒸汽轮机联合循环发电的应用；垃圾热处理方式的革新，减少烟气量，改变烟气组分，化学反应环境变成还原反应，热效率的相对提高。Existing technologies such as the following patents: external combustion wet air gas turbine power generation system (ZL 01120378.1), gas turbine power generation system and its operation control method (ZL 200880007113.7), dual-fuel combustion-supporting gas-steam combined cycle system (ZL 200610062631.1), pulverized coal Gas turbine power generation system and process method for producing pulverized coal two-phase flow fuel (ZL200610062055.0), multi-column segmental drive compound domestic waste incinerator (ZL200710092508.9) and two-stage waste incinerator (ZL201010268376.2). Problems involved: no combination of waste heat treatment methods, secondary pollution control of waste heat treatment, complex flue gas components, etc.; existing heat treatment thermochemical reactions are dominated by oxidation reactions, supplemented by reduction reactions, which are prone to secondary pollution and the combustion peroxygen coefficient is large, the primary air and secondary air supply are large, and the dust content in the flue gas is relatively high, which has a great impact on the heat energy recovery system and flue gas treatment system. It is easy to accumulate dust and has a large amount of flue gas. , which relatively reduces the heat conversion efficiency; the deep purification of synthetic flue gas after waste gasification and incineration requires the cleanliness of synthetic flue gas to meet the requirements of gas turbines, and the application of waste gasification incineration-gas-steam turbine combined cycle power generation; waste heat treatment method The innovation of reducing the amount of flue gas, changing the composition of flue gas, the chemical reaction environment becomes a reduction reaction, and the relative improvement of thermal efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种转换热效率损耗较小，热量的回收效率更高，污染物和CO2排放更低的高水分气再利用的垃圾气化燃气和蒸汽轮机联合发电系统。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a combination of waste gasification gas and steam turbine with low conversion heat efficiency loss, higher heat recovery efficiency, lower pollutant and CO2 emissions and reuse of high-moisture gas Power system.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
一种高水分气再利用的垃圾气化燃气和蒸汽轮机联合发电系统，包括垃圾气化焚烧系统、锅炉系统、发电系统，所述锅炉系统具有汽包、过热器，所述发电系统包括混合器、低压空气压气机、高压空气压气机、合成烟气压气机、合成烟气燃烧室、涡轮机a、涡轮机b、汽轮机、发电机a、发电机b、余热锅炉、气水换热器、空气汽气换热器、合成气汽气换热器、再循环风机、混合分离器以及给水输入系统，所述混合器的侧壁上设有第一入口、第二入口，所述混合器的底部设有出水口，所述混合器的顶部设有出汽口，所述混合器的第一入口连接汽包的饱和蒸汽出口，所述混合器的第二入口连接高压空气压气机的出气口，所述高压空气压气机的进气口连接低压空气压气机的出气口，所述低压空气压气机的进气口与大气连通，所述混合器的出水口连接汽包的进水口，所述混合器的出汽口连接过热器的进汽口，所述过热器的出汽口输出高压过热蒸汽，所述过热器的出汽口连接涡轮机a的进气口，所述涡轮机a与发电机a动力连接，高压过热蒸汽推动涡轮机a发电，所述合成烟气压气机的进气口连接锅炉系统的废气排放口，合成烟气压气机的出气口输出锅炉系统未利用完的高压合成烟气，所述合成烟气燃烧室的进气口分别连接合成烟气压气机的出气口、过热器的出汽口，将高压过热蒸汽与高压合成烟气输入合成烟气燃烧室内混合燃烧，合成烟气燃烧室的出气口连接涡轮机b的进气口，所述涡轮机b与发电机b动力连接，高温烟气推动涡轮机b发电，涡轮机b的出气口连接余热锅炉，所述余热锅炉的出汽口连接汽轮机，所述汽轮机与发电机b动力连接，余热锅炉排出的过热蒸汽推动汽轮机发电，所述余热锅炉的排水口、汽轮机的排水口分别连接给水输入系统的进水口；A waste gasification gas and steam turbine combined power generation system for high moisture gas reuse, including a waste gasification incineration system, a boiler system, and a power generation system. The boiler system has a steam drum and a superheater, and the power generation system includes a mixer. , low-pressure air compressor, high-pressure air compressor, synthetic flue gas compressor, synthetic flue gas combustion chamber, turbine a, turbine b, steam turbine, generator a, generator b, waste heat boiler, air-water heat exchanger, air steam Gas heat exchanger, synthesis gas steam-gas heat exchanger, recirculation fan, mixing separator and feed water input system, the side wall of the mixer is provided with a first inlet and a second inlet, and the bottom of the mixer is provided with There is a water outlet, the top of the mixer is provided with a steam outlet, the first inlet of the mixer is connected to the saturated steam outlet of the steam drum, and the second inlet of the mixer is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure air compressor, so The air inlet of the high-pressure air compressor is connected to the air outlet of the low-pressure air compressor, the air inlet of the low-pressure air compressor is communicated with the atmosphere, the water outlet of the mixer is connected to the water inlet of the steam drum, and the mixer The steam outlet of the superheater is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater, and the steam outlet of the superheater outputs high-pressure superheated steam, and the steam outlet of the superheater is connected to the inlet of the turbine a, and the turbine a is powered by the generator a connected, the high-pressure superheated steam pushes turbine a to generate electricity, the air inlet of the synthetic flue gas compressor is connected to the waste gas discharge port of the boiler system, and the gas outlet of the synthetic flue gas compressor outputs the unused high-pressure synthetic flue gas of the boiler system, so The air inlet of the synthetic flue gas combustion chamber is respectively connected to the gas outlet of the synthetic flue gas compressor and the steam outlet of the superheater, and the high-pressure superheated steam and high-pressure synthetic flue gas are input into the synthetic flue gas combustion chamber for mixed combustion, and the synthetic flue gas is combusted. The air outlet of the chamber is connected to the air inlet of turbine b, which is power-connected with generator b, and the high-temperature flue gas pushes turbine b to generate electricity. The air outlet of turbine b is connected to the waste heat boiler, and the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the steam turbine , the steam turbine is power-connected to the generator b, the superheated steam discharged from the waste heat boiler drives the steam turbine to generate electricity, and the outlet of the waste heat boiler and the outlet of the steam turbine are respectively connected to the water inlet of the water supply input system;
所述涡轮机a的出气口分别连接合成气汽气换热器的加热通道、空气汽气换热器的加热通道，合成气汽气换热器的加热通道、空气汽气换热器的加热通道并联后再连接再循环风机的进气口，所述余热锅炉的废气排放口连接再循环风机的进气口，再循环风机的出气口连接混合分离器，所述混合分离器分离出氮气排空，剩余气体输入垃圾气化焚烧系统作为气化剂，所述合成烟气燃烧室的进气口与合成烟气压气机的出气口之间连接合成气汽气换热器的受热通道，所述混合器的第二入口与高压空气压气机的出气口之间连接空气汽气换热器的受热通道，所述低压空气压气机、高压空气压气机之间连接气水换热器的受热通道，所述给水输入系统出水口连接气水换热器的加热通道后对锅炉系统、余热锅炉供水。The gas outlet of the turbine a is respectively connected to the heating passage of the synthesis gas steam heat exchanger, the heating passage of the air steam heat exchanger, the heating passage of the synthesis gas steam heat exchanger, and the heating passage of the air steam heat exchanger After parallel connection, the air inlet of the recirculation fan is connected, the exhaust gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the air inlet of the recirculation fan, and the air outlet of the recirculation fan is connected to a mixing separator, and the mixing separator separates nitrogen and empties it , the remaining gas is input into the garbage gasification and incineration system as a gasification agent, the air inlet of the synthetic flue gas combustion chamber and the gas outlet of the synthetic flue gas compressor are connected to the heated channel of the synthetic gas steam-gas heat exchanger, and the The second inlet of the mixer and the outlet of the high-pressure air compressor are connected to the heated channel of the air-gas heat exchanger, and the low-pressure air compressor and the high-pressure air compressor are connected to the heated channel of the air-water heat exchanger, The water outlet of the water supply input system is connected to the heating channel of the air-water heat exchanger to supply water to the boiler system and the waste heat boiler.
进一步地，所述给水输入系统包括通过管道依次串联的冷凝器、水泵、除氧器、增压水泵，所述余热锅炉的排水口通过管道连接于水泵、除氧器之间，所述水泵、除氧器之间设置给水输入系统的进水口，给水输入系统的进水口通过补水管道连接水源，所述冷凝器的进水口通过管道连接汽轮机的排水口，所述增压水泵的出水口为给水输入系统的出水口。Further, the water supply input system includes a condenser, a water pump, a deaerator, and a booster water pump that are connected in series through pipelines, and the drain port of the waste heat boiler is connected between the water pump and the deaerator through pipelines. The water pump, The water inlet of the water supply input system is set between the deaerators, the water inlet of the water supply input system is connected to the water source through the water supply pipeline, the water inlet of the condenser is connected to the drain of the steam turbine through the pipeline, and the water outlet of the booster pump is the water supply Enter the water outlet of the system.
冷凝器可以将蒸汽输出装置未利用完的蒸汽全部转换为水，并吸收蒸汽释放的热量，除氧器的主要作用就是用它来除去锅炉给水中的氧气及其他气体，保证给水的品质，增压水泵可以提高水压，保证给水输入系统的供水能力，给水输入系统可以对汽轮机、余热锅炉排出的水进行进一步的余热回收利用，提高热回收效率。The condenser can convert all the unused steam of the steam output device into water and absorb the heat released by the steam. The main function of the deaerator is to use it to remove oxygen and other gases in the boiler feed water to ensure the quality of feed water and increase The pressurized water pump can increase the water pressure and ensure the water supply capacity of the water supply input system. The water supply input system can further recover waste heat from the water discharged from the steam turbine and waste heat boiler, and improve the heat recovery efficiency.
进一步地，所述低压空气压气机、高压空气压气机、涡轮机a、发电机a依次动力连接，并同步转动；所述合成烟气压气机、涡轮机b、汽轮机、发电机b依次动力连接，并同步转动。Further, the low-pressure air compressor, high-pressure air compressor, turbine a, and generator a are sequentially powered and rotated synchronously; the synthetic smoke compressor, turbine b, steam turbine, and generator b are powered sequentially, and synchronous rotation.
进一步地，所述锅炉系统包括锅炉本体，所述锅炉本体具有旋风除尘室、炉室a、炉室b，所述旋风除尘室的下端设置烟气入口，旋风除尘室的烟气入口与垃圾气化焚烧系统连接，旋风除尘室上端为第三烟气出口，旋风除尘室上端的第三烟气出口与炉室a的上端连通，所述炉室a、炉室b的下端连通，所述炉室b的上端设置废气出口，所述旋风除尘室内沿周向设有呈环形的水冷壁，所述炉室a内设置有所述的过热器，炉室b内设置有蒸发器，锅炉本体的顶端设置所述的汽包，所述旋风除尘室、炉室a、炉室b均位于汽包下方，所述汽包上设有汽水进口，汽包内设有汽水分离装置，用于分离汽水混合物，汽包通过第一下降管连接水冷壁的进水口，用于输出汽水分离装置分离出的水，汽包通过第二下降管连接蒸发器的进水口，用于输出汽水分离装置分离出的水，所述水冷壁、蒸发器的出汽口分别通过汽管连接汽包的进汽口，用于回流高温蒸汽。Further, the boiler system includes a boiler body, the boiler body has a cyclone dust removal chamber, a furnace chamber a, and a furnace chamber b, the lower end of the cyclone dust removal chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet, the flue gas inlet of the cyclone dust removal chamber The upper end of the cyclone dust removal chamber is the third flue gas outlet, and the third flue gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone dust removal chamber is connected with the upper end of the furnace chamber a, and the lower ends of the furnace chamber a and furnace chamber b are connected. The upper end of chamber b is provided with an exhaust gas outlet, the cyclone chamber is provided with a ring-shaped water-cooled wall along the circumference, the furnace chamber a is provided with the above-mentioned superheater, the furnace chamber b is provided with an evaporator, and the top of the boiler body is provided with In the steam drum, the cyclone dust removal chamber, furnace chamber a, and furnace chamber b are all located below the steam drum, the steam drum is provided with a steam water inlet, and a steam water separation device is provided in the steam drum for separating the steam water mixture, The steam drum is connected to the water inlet of the water wall through the first downcomer, and is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device, and the steam drum is connected to the water inlet of the evaporator through the second downcomer, and is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separator. The water-cooled wall and the steam outlet of the evaporator are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum through steam pipes for returning high-temperature steam.
为了对炉室c排出的烟气进行无害化处理，优选地，所述锅炉本体具有炉室c，所述炉室c的上端与炉室b上端的废气出口连通，炉室c的下端设置废气排放口，所述炉室c的废气排放口连接烟气净化系统，所述烟气净化系统包括依次连接的粗净化系统、增压风机、精洗除尘器，净化后的烟气供入合成烟气压气机。In order to perform harmless treatment of the flue gas discharged from the furnace chamber c, preferably, the boiler body has a furnace chamber c, the upper end of the furnace chamber c communicates with the exhaust gas outlet at the upper end of the furnace chamber b, and the lower end of the furnace chamber c is provided with Exhaust gas discharge port, the exhaust gas discharge port of the furnace chamber c is connected to a flue gas purification system, and the flue gas purification system includes a rough purification system, a booster fan, and a fine cleaning dust collector connected in sequence, and the purified flue gas is supplied to the synthetic Smoke gas machine.
优选地，所述粗净化系统包括洗气塔和除尘器，所述精洗除尘器采用雷氏文丘里洗涤系统，包括文丘里洗涤器和旋风分离器，所述洗气塔连接炉室c的废气排放口，洗气塔出口连接除尘器，再由增压风机增压后进入精洗除尘器作深度净化。Preferably, the rough purification system includes a gas scrubber and a dust collector, and the fine cleaning dust collector adopts a Raymond Venturi scrubbing system, including a Venturi scrubber and a cyclone separator, and the gas scrubber is connected to the furnace chamber c The exhaust gas outlet and the outlet of the washing tower are connected to the dust collector, and then pressurized by the booster fan, then enter the fine cleaning dust collector for deep purification.
粗净化系统可以除去大粒径的杂质、粉尘，精洗除尘器可以除去水汽、微粉尘等，满足燃气轮机对燃气清洁度要求。The coarse purification system can remove impurities and dust with large particle size, and the fine cleaning dust collector can remove water vapor and fine dust to meet the gas cleanliness requirements of gas turbines.
为了对炉室b排出的烟气进行进一步的余热回收利用，提高热回收效率，进一步地，所述炉室c内设有节热器，所述节热器的进水口与给水输入系统的出水口连通，所述节热器的出水口与汽包的汽水进口连通。In order to further recover waste heat from the flue gas discharged from the furnace chamber b and improve the heat recovery efficiency, further, a heat economizer is installed in the furnace chamber c, and the water inlet of the heat economizer is connected with the outlet of the water supply input system. The water port is connected, and the water outlet of the economizer is connected with the steam water inlet of the steam drum.
进一步地，所述垃圾气化焚烧系统包括气化焚烧炉、循环供风系统，所述气化焚烧炉包括炉架，以及在炉架上沿进料方向依次设置的给料仓、气化炉和燃烬炉，气化炉的后方为气化炉的落渣口，燃烬炉位于气化炉落渣口的前下方，燃烬炉的后方为燃烬炉的出渣口，所述炉架上设有垃圾推料器，所述垃圾推料器位于给料仓的下方，用于将给料仓内的垃圾推入气化炉内，气化炉移动炉床的下方以及燃烬炉移动炉床的下方分别设有至少一个独立设置的一次风室，所述给料仓、气化炉之间设有堆料密封段，所述气化炉与燃烬炉之间的炉架部分上留有过渡落渣段，所述过渡落渣段设置有残渣推料器，用于将气化炉内落下的垃圾残渣推入燃烬炉内，所述过渡落渣段上设置有可开闭的隔离门，所述隔离门用于将气化炉、燃烬炉隔断；所述气化炉、燃烬炉分别包括炉壳、移动炉床，所述气化炉的前、后方分别通过堆料密封段、过渡落渣段密封，所述过渡落渣段隔离气化炉、燃烬炉，使气化炉、燃烬炉相互独立；所述气化炉、燃烬炉分别呈拱起状，所述气化炉的前拱、后拱上分别设置二次供风口，所述气化炉的拱顶设置第一烟气出口，所述旋风除尘室的烟气入口与第一烟气出口连通，所述燃烬炉的拱顶设置第二烟气出口，所述气化炉、燃烬炉上分别设有点火助燃孔；Further, the garbage gasification and incineration system includes a gasification incinerator and a circulating air supply system, and the gasification incinerator includes a furnace frame, and a feed bin and a gasification furnace are sequentially arranged on the furnace frame along the feeding direction. and the ember furnace, the rear of the gasifier is the slag outlet of the gasifier, the ember furnace is located at the front and bottom of the slag outlet of the gasifier, and the rear of the ember furnace is the slag outlet of the ember furnace. There is a garbage pusher on the shelf, and the garbage pusher is located under the feeding bin, which is used to push the garbage in the feeding bin into the gasifier, the bottom of the moving hearth of the gasifier and the burner At least one independent primary air chamber is provided under the movable hearth, a stacking sealing section is provided between the feed bin and the gasification furnace, and the grate part between the gasification furnace and the ember furnace There is a transitional slagging section on the top, and the transitional slagging section is provided with a residue pusher, which is used to push the garbage residue falling from the gasifier into the ember furnace. The transitional slagging section is provided with an openable The closed isolation door is used to isolate the gasifier and the ember furnace; the gasifier and the ember furnace respectively include a furnace shell and a movable hearth, and the front and rear of the gasifier pass The stacking sealing section and the transitional slagging section are sealed, and the transitional slagging section isolates the gasifier and the embering furnace so that the gasifier and the embering furnace are independent of each other; the gasification furnace and the embering furnace are respectively arched The front arch and the rear arch of the gasification furnace are respectively provided with secondary air supply ports, the vault of the gasification furnace is provided with a first flue gas outlet, and the flue gas inlet of the cyclone dust removal chamber is connected to the first flue gas outlet. The outlet is connected, the vault of the embering furnace is provided with a second flue gas outlet, and the gasification furnace and the embering furnace are respectively provided with ignition and combustion-supporting holes;
所述循环供风系统包括除尘装置、第一风机、第二风机，所述除尘装置的进气端通过管道与第二烟气出口连接，所述除尘装置的出气端通过管道与第一风机的进气端连接，所述第一风机的出气端连接第一歧管的总管，所述第一歧管的支管分别与气化炉移动炉床的下方的各一次风室、气化炉上的各二次供风口以及旋风除尘室的烟气入口连通，所述第一歧管的各支管上分别设置第一调节阀，所述第二风机的进气口与大气连通，所述第二风机的出气口连接第二歧管的总管，所述第二歧管的支管分别与燃烬炉移动炉床下方的各一次风室以及除尘装置的进气端、出气端连通，所述第二歧管的各支管上分别设置第二调节阀，所述旋风除尘室上设有若干助燃风供风口，所述若干助燃风供风口位于烟气入口、第三烟气出口之间，还包括第三歧管，所述第三歧管的总管与第二风机的出气口连通，所述第三歧管的各支管分别与若干助燃风供风口连通，第三歧管的各支管上分别设置第三调节阀。The circulating air supply system includes a dust removal device, a first fan, and a second fan. The inlet end of the dust removal device is connected to the second flue gas outlet through a pipe, and the gas outlet end of the dust removal device is connected to the first fan through a pipe. The gas outlet of the first blower is connected to the main pipe of the first manifold, and the branch pipes of the first manifold are respectively connected with the primary air chambers below the moving hearth of the gasifier and the primary air chambers on the gasifier. Each secondary air supply port and the flue gas inlet of the cyclone dust removal chamber are connected, each branch pipe of the first manifold is respectively provided with a first regulating valve, the air inlet of the second fan is connected with the atmosphere, and the second fan is connected to the atmosphere. The gas outlet of the second manifold is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold, and the branch pipes of the second manifold communicate with the primary air chambers under the moving hearth of the ember furnace and the inlet and outlet ends of the dust removal device respectively. Each branch of the pipe is respectively provided with a second regulating valve, and the cyclone dust chamber is provided with a number of combustion-supporting air supply ports, which are located between the flue gas inlet and the third flue gas outlet, and also include a third Manifold, the main pipe of the third manifold communicates with the air outlet of the second fan, each branch of the third manifold communicates with a number of combustion-supporting air supply ports, and each branch of the third manifold is respectively provided with a third regulator valve.
为了排出炉室a、炉室b、旋风除尘室内烟气沉积产生的废渣，且防止废渣逸出产生污染，优选地，所述炉室a、炉室b下方设有共同的出渣口，所述旋风除尘室的下端设有从上到下半径变小的锥状出渣口，该共同的出渣口、锥状出渣口分别与气化炉的炉膛连通。In order to discharge the waste slag produced by the flue gas deposition in the furnace chamber a, furnace chamber b, and cyclone dust removal chamber, and to prevent the waste residue from escaping and causing pollution, preferably, a common slag outlet is provided under the furnace chamber a and furnace chamber b. The lower end of the cyclone dust removal chamber is provided with a tapered slag outlet whose radius becomes smaller from top to bottom, and the common slag outlet and the tapered slag outlet are respectively communicated with the hearth of the gasifier.
为了对炉室b排出的烟气进行进一步的余热回收利用，提高热回收效率，优选地，所述炉室c内设有空气预热器，所述第二风机的出气端连接空气预热器的进气口，空气预热器的出气口连接第二歧管的总管。In order to further recover waste heat from the flue gas discharged from the furnace chamber b and improve heat recovery efficiency, preferably, an air preheater is provided in the furnace chamber c, and the air outlet end of the second fan is connected to the air preheater The air inlet of the air preheater is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold.
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明具有如下有益效果：Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
本发明采用了混合器对空气压气机输出的高压空气、汽包输出的饱和蒸汽进行混合，经过热器后输出高压过热蒸汽，高压过热蒸汽推动涡轮机a发电，本发明采用合成烟气压气机输出锅炉系统未利用完的高压合成烟气，过热器输出的高压过热蒸汽与高压合成烟气输入合成烟气燃烧室内混合燃烧，输出高温烟气推动涡轮机b发电，涡轮机b的出气口连接余热锅炉，余热锅炉的排水口连接给水输入系统，所述余热锅炉排出的过热蒸汽推动汽轮机发电，充分利用了锅炉系统的未利用完的烟气进行联合循环发电；本发明还通过空气汽气换热器、合成气汽气换热器回收涡轮机a未利用完的热量，利用气水换热器回收给水输入系统的残余热量，利用气水换热器、空气汽气换热器预加热空气，利用合成气汽气换热器预加热合成气，大大提高了热回收效率；余热锅炉、汽轮机的排水口连接给水输入系统，所述给水输入系统对锅炉系统、余热锅炉供水，充分利用了余热锅炉、汽轮机的未利用完的热量进行联合循环发电；本发明利用混合分离器回收H2O,CO2,O2等气体作为垃圾气化焚烧系统的气化剂，对垃圾的热解、气化有利，相对减少CO2排放，气化剂参与垃圾气化焚烧系统化学反应产生更多的CO,H2；大大减少了废气的排放量，转换热效率损耗较小，热量的回收效率更高。The invention uses a mixer to mix the high-pressure air output from the air compressor and the saturated steam output from the steam drum, and then outputs high-pressure superheated steam after passing through the heater, and the high-pressure superheated steam drives turbine a to generate electricity. The unused high-pressure synthetic flue gas of the boiler system, the high-pressure superheated steam output by the superheater and the high-pressure synthetic flue gas are input into the synthetic flue gas combustion chamber for mixed combustion, and the high-temperature flue gas is output to drive turbine b to generate electricity. The gas outlet of turbine b is connected to the waste heat boiler. The drain port of the waste heat boiler is connected to the water supply input system, and the superheated steam discharged from the waste heat boiler drives the steam turbine to generate electricity, making full use of the unused flue gas of the boiler system for combined cycle power generation; the invention also uses the air steam heat exchanger, The synthesis gas steam-gas heat exchanger recovers the unused heat of turbine a, utilizes the air-water heat exchanger to recover the residual heat of the feedwater input system, utilizes the air-water heat exchanger and the air-steam heat exchanger to preheat the air, and utilizes the syngas The steam-gas heat exchanger preheats the synthesis gas, which greatly improves the heat recovery efficiency; the waste heat boiler and steam turbine drains are connected to the water supply input system, and the water supply input system supplies water to the boiler system and waste heat boiler, making full use of the waste heat boiler and steam turbine The unused heat is used for combined cycle power generation; the present invention utilizes the hybrid separator to recycle H 2 O, CO 2 , O 2 and other gases as the gasification agent of the waste gasification and incineration system, which is beneficial to the pyrolysis and gasification of waste. To reduce CO2 emissions, the gasification agent participates in the chemical reaction of the waste gasification incineration system to produce more CO, H2; greatly reduces the emission of waste gas, the conversion heat efficiency loss is small, and the heat recovery efficiency is higher.
本锅炉系统将环形的水冷壁安装在旋风除尘室上，合成气在旋风除尘室内燃烧更为充分，燃烧产生的温度更高，相对减少了热损耗和提高了热交换效率。本锅炉系统回收的热量来源于垃圾气化炉出口的高温合成气烟气，合成气烟气进入旋风除尘室，同时向旋风除尘室内切向供入空气助燃可燃性合成气，烟气依次经过旋风除尘室、炉室a、炉室b、节热器和空气预热器。再利用节热器预热冷凝水，预热冷凝水进入锅炉部分，冷凝水在水冷壁和蒸发器中加热，形成饱和蒸汽进入汽包，汽水分离后饱和蒸汽进入过热器，再次加热形成过热蒸汽输出，用于发电。本发明构思新颖，利用旋风燃烧方法，减少了烟气中飞灰含量；合成气燃烧温度高，烟气停留时间长，污染物得到有效分解，减少污染物排放，实现了垃圾连续气化后的合成气焚烧处理和热量回收利用。The boiler system installs the ring-shaped water-cooled wall on the cyclone dedusting chamber, the syngas burns more fully in the cyclone dedusting chamber, and the temperature generated by the combustion is higher, which relatively reduces heat loss and improves heat exchange efficiency. The heat recovered by the boiler system comes from the high-temperature syngas flue gas at the outlet of the waste gasifier. The syngas flue gas enters the cyclone dust removal chamber, and at the same time, air is tangentially supplied to the cyclone dust removal chamber to support the combustible syngas. The flue gas passes through the cyclone in turn. Dust removal room, furnace room a, furnace room b, economizer and air preheater. Then use the economizer to preheat the condensed water, the preheated condensed water enters the boiler part, the condensed water is heated in the water wall and the evaporator, forms saturated steam and enters the steam drum, after the separation of steam and water, the saturated steam enters the superheater, and is heated again to form superheated steam output for power generation. The invention has a novel concept, and uses the cyclone combustion method to reduce the content of fly ash in the flue gas; the combustion temperature of the synthesis gas is high, the residence time of the flue gas is long, the pollutants are effectively decomposed, the emission of pollutants is reduced, and the continuous gasification of garbage is realized. Syngas incineration treatment and heat recovery.
气化焚烧炉的气化炉、燃烬炉分开设置，气化炉的拱顶设置第一烟气出口，燃烬炉的拱顶设置第二烟气出口，利于根据烟气品质的不同分别处理烟气，同时有利于对烟气除尘，可以提供更高品质的烟气，使烟气的利用率更高，排出的废渣更少。The gasification furnace and the embering furnace of the gasification incinerator are installed separately, the vault of the gasification furnace is provided with the first flue gas outlet, and the vault of the embering furnace is provided with the second flue gas outlet, which is beneficial to separate treatment according to the quality of the flue gas At the same time, it is beneficial to the dust removal of the flue gas, which can provide higher quality flue gas, make the utilization rate of flue gas higher, and discharge less waste residue.
第二风机鼓入空气为燃烬炉提供一次风和为旋风分离器、第一风机提供调温供风，通过对应管路上的第二调节阀调节供风量，使燃烬炉残渣充分燃烬；然后，第一风机抽取燃烬炉的烟气，经过调温和旋风分离器收集飞灰后，形成一定压力的烟气供给气化炉的一次风和二次风，通过对应管路上的第一调节阀调节供风量，使气化炉内垃圾产生气化，气化炉内含有一定量合成气的烟气，从第一烟气出口排出，进入旋风除尘室处理环节，第一风机抽取的多余的烟气也同时进入旋风除尘室，充分利用了燃烬炉排出的高温烟气，提高能量的利用率，旋风除尘室提供高温烟气。本结构的机械炉排式垃圾气化焚烧炉垃圾处理量大，垃圾料层可以在机械炉排上经历干燥、气化和残渣的燃烬阶段，适应我国生活垃圾含水量高、成分复杂等特性，提高了垃圾处理过程中的能量转化效率和降低烟气中污染物排放量，有效防止二次污染，且能够实现大规模的垃圾连续气化焚烧处理，保证垃圾气化焚烧效果和灰渣热灼减率，相对减少热损耗和提高热交换效率，提高了热效率。The second blower blows air to provide the primary air for the ember furnace and the temperature-regulated air supply for the cyclone separator and the first fan, and adjust the air supply volume through the second regulating valve on the corresponding pipeline, so that the residue of the ember furnace can be fully burned; Then, the first blower extracts the flue gas from the burner, and after the fly ash is collected by the tempering and cyclone separator, the flue gas with a certain pressure is supplied to the primary air and secondary air of the gasifier, and is passed through the first regulation on the corresponding pipeline. The valve adjusts the air supply volume to gasify the garbage in the gasification furnace. The flue gas containing a certain amount of synthesis gas in the gasification furnace is discharged from the first flue gas outlet and enters the cyclone dust removal room for treatment. The excess gas extracted by the first fan is The flue gas also enters the cyclone dust removal chamber at the same time, making full use of the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the ember furnace, improving the utilization rate of energy, and the cyclone dust removal chamber provides high-temperature flue gas. The mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator with this structure has a large amount of garbage treatment, and the garbage material layer can experience drying, gasification and residue burning stages on the mechanical grate, which is suitable for the characteristics of high water content and complex composition of domestic garbage in my country. , improve the energy conversion efficiency in the process of waste treatment and reduce the emission of pollutants in the flue gas, effectively prevent secondary pollution, and can realize large-scale continuous gasification and incineration of waste, ensuring the effect of gasification and incineration of waste and the heat of ash Ignition loss rate, relative reduction of heat loss and improvement of heat exchange efficiency, improves thermal efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为发电系统的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of power generation system;
图3为锅炉系统的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of boiler system;
图4为烟气净化系统的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of flue gas purification system;
图5为旋风除尘室的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is the structural representation of cyclone dedusting chamber;
图6为图5的俯视示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic top view of Figure 5;
图7为气化焚烧炉的结构示意图；Fig. 7 is the structural representation of gasification incinerator;
图8为循环供风系统的结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the circulating air supply system.
附图标记reference sign
1为气化焚烧炉，101为炉架，102为给料仓，103为气化炉，104为燃烬炉，105为炉床，106为垃圾推料器，107为一次风室，108为堆料密封段，109为过渡落渣段，110为残渣推料器，111为隔离门，112为第一烟气出口，113为第二烟气出口，114为点火助燃孔，115为二次供风口，116为出渣口，117为落渣口；1 is a gasification incinerator, 101 is a furnace frame, 102 is a feeding bin, 103 is a gasification furnace, 104 is an ember furnace, 105 is a hearth, 106 is a garbage pusher, 107 is a primary air chamber, and 108 is a Stacking sealing section, 109 is the transition slag falling section, 110 is the residue pusher, 111 is the isolation door, 112 is the first flue gas outlet, 113 is the second flue gas outlet, 114 is the ignition and combustion-supporting hole, 115 is the secondary The air supply port, 116 is the slag outlet, and 117 is the slag discharge port;
201为除尘装置，202为第一风机，203为第二风机，204为第一歧管，205为第二歧管，206为第三歧管，207为第一调节阀，208为第二调节阀，209为第三调节阀；201 is a dust removal device, 202 is a first fan, 203 is a second fan, 204 is a first manifold, 205 is a second manifold, 206 is a third manifold, 207 is a first regulating valve, 208 is a second regulating valve Valve, 209 is the third regulating valve;
3为旋风除尘室，301为除尘室点火助燃孔，302为锥状出渣口，303为烟气入口，304为第三烟气出口，305为助燃风供风口；3 is the cyclone dust removal chamber, 301 is the ignition and combustion-supporting hole of the dust removal chamber, 302 is the cone-shaped slag outlet, 303 is the flue gas inlet, 304 is the third flue gas outlet, and 305 is the combustion-supporting air supply port;
4为锅炉本体，402为炉室a，403为炉室b，404为炉室c，405为水冷壁，406为过热器，407为蒸发器，408为汽包，409为第一下降管，410为第二下降管，411为汽轮机，412为给水输入系统，413为冷凝器，414为水泵，415为除氧器，416为增压水泵，417为补水管道，418为节热器，419为烟气净化系统，420为洗气塔，421为除尘器，422为增压风机，423为精洗除尘器，424为空气预热器。4 is the boiler body, 402 is the furnace chamber a, 403 is the furnace chamber b, 404 is the furnace chamber c, 405 is the water wall, 406 is the superheater, 407 is the evaporator, 408 is the steam drum, 409 is the first downcomer, 410 is the second downcomer, 411 is the steam turbine, 412 is the water supply input system, 413 is the condenser, 414 is the water pump, 415 is the deaerator, 416 is the booster pump, 417 is the water supply pipeline, 418 is the economizer, 419 420 is a gas scrubber, 421 is a dust collector, 422 is a booster fan, 423 is a fine cleaning dust collector, and 424 is an air preheater.
5为发电系统，501为混合器，502为发电机a，503为低压空气压气机，504为合成烟气压气机，505为合成烟气燃烧室，506为涡轮机a，507为余热锅炉，508为发电机b，509为涡轮机b,510为气水换热器，511为混合分离器，512为空气汽气换热器，513为合成气汽气换热器，514为高压空气压气机，515为再循环风机。5 is a power generation system, 501 is a mixer, 502 is a generator a, 503 is a low-pressure air compressor, 504 is a synthetic flue gas compressor, 505 is a synthetic flue gas combustion chamber, 506 is a turbine a, 507 is a waste heat boiler, 508 is generator b, 509 is turbine b, 510 is an air-water heat exchanger, 511 is a mixing separator, 512 is an air-gas heat exchanger, 513 is a synthesis gas-gas heat exchanger, 514 is a high-pressure air compressor, 515 is a recirculation blower.
具体实施方式detailed description
参见图1，为高水分气再利用的垃圾气化燃气和蒸汽轮机联合发电系统的一种较佳的实施例，包括垃圾气化焚烧系统、锅炉系统、发电系统5，所述锅炉系统具有汽包408、过热器406。Referring to Fig. 1, it is a preferred embodiment of a waste gasification gas and steam turbine combined power generation system for high-moisture gas reuse, including a waste gasification incineration system, a boiler system, and a power generation system 5. The boiler system has a steam turbine package 408 , superheater 406 .
参见图2，所述发电系统5包括混合器501、低压空气压气机503、高压空气压气机514、合成烟气压气机504、合成烟气燃烧室505、涡轮机a506、涡轮机b509、汽轮机411、发电机a502、发电机b508、余热锅炉507、气水换热器510、汽水换热器511、空气汽气换热器512、合成气汽气换热器513以及给水输入系统412，进一步地，所述低压空气压气机503、高压空气压气机514、涡轮机a506、发电机a502依次动力连接，并同步转动；所述合成烟气压气机504、涡轮机b509、汽轮机411、发电机b508依次动力连接，并同步转动。Referring to Fig. 2, the power generation system 5 includes a mixer 501, a low-pressure air compressor 503, a high-pressure air compressor 514, a synthetic flue gas compressor 504, a synthetic flue gas combustion chamber 505, a turbine a506, a turbine b509, a steam turbine 411, a power generation engine a502, generator b508, waste heat boiler 507, air-water heat exchanger 510, steam-water heat exchanger 511, air-steam heat exchanger 512, synthesis gas-steam heat exchanger 513, and feedwater input system 412, further, the The low-pressure air compressor 503, the high-pressure air compressor 514, the turbine a506, and the generator a502 are sequentially powered and rotated synchronously; the synthetic flue gas compressor 504, the turbine b509, the steam turbine 411, and the generator b508 are sequentially powered, and synchronous rotation.
所述混合器501的侧壁上设有第一入口、第二入口，所述混合器501的底部设有出水口，所述混合器501的顶部设有出汽口，所述混合器501的第一入口连接汽包的饱和蒸汽出口，所述混合器501的第二入口连接高压空气压气机514的出气口，所述高压空气压气机514的进气口连接低压空气压气机503的出气口，所述低压空气压气机503的进气口与大气连通，所述混合器501的出水口连接汽包的进水口，所述混合器501的出汽口连接过热器的进汽口，所述过热器的出汽口输出高压过热蒸汽，所述过热器的出汽口连接涡轮机a506的进气口，所述涡轮机a506与发电机a502动力连接，高压过热蒸汽推动涡轮机a506发电，所述合成烟气压气机504的进气口连接锅炉系统的废气排放口，合成烟气压气机504的出气口输出锅炉系统未利用完的高压合成烟气，所述合成烟气燃烧室505的进气口分别连接合成烟气压气机504的出气口、过热器的出汽口，将高压过热蒸汽与高压合成烟气输入合成烟气燃烧室505内混合燃烧，合成烟气燃烧室505的出气口连接涡轮机b509的进气口，所述涡轮机b509与发电机b508动力连接，高温烟气推动涡轮机b509发电，涡轮机b509的出气口连接余热锅炉507，所述余热锅炉507的出汽口连接汽轮机411，所述汽轮机411与发电机b508动力连接，余热锅炉507排出的过热蒸汽推动汽轮机411发电，所述余热锅炉507的排水口、汽轮机411的排水口分别连接给水输入系统412的进水口；The side wall of the mixer 501 is provided with a first inlet and a second inlet, the bottom of the mixer 501 is provided with a water outlet, and the top of the mixer 501 is provided with a steam outlet. The first inlet is connected to the saturated steam outlet of the steam drum, the second inlet of the mixer 501 is connected to the gas outlet of the high-pressure air compressor 514, and the air inlet of the high-pressure air compressor 514 is connected to the gas outlet of the low-pressure air compressor 503 , the air inlet of the low-pressure air compressor 503 communicates with the atmosphere, the water outlet of the mixer 501 is connected to the water inlet of the steam drum, the steam outlet of the mixer 501 is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater, and the The steam outlet of the superheater outputs high-pressure superheated steam, and the steam outlet of the superheater is connected to the inlet of the turbine a506. The turbine a506 is power-connected with the generator a502. The high-pressure superheated steam drives the turbine a506 to generate electricity. The synthetic smoke The air inlet of the air compressor 504 is connected to the waste gas outlet of the boiler system, and the outlet of the synthetic smoke air compressor 504 outputs the unused high-pressure synthetic flue gas of the boiler system. The air inlets of the synthetic flue gas combustion chamber 505 are respectively Connect the gas outlet of the synthetic flue gas compressor 504 and the steam outlet of the superheater, input high-pressure superheated steam and high-pressure synthetic flue gas into the synthetic flue gas combustion chamber 505 for mixed combustion, and the gas outlet of the synthetic flue gas combustion chamber 505 is connected to the turbine b509 The turbine b509 is power connected to the generator b508, and the high-temperature flue gas drives the turbine b509 to generate electricity. The gas outlet of the turbine b509 is connected to the waste heat boiler 507, and the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler 507 is connected to the steam turbine 411. The steam turbine 411 is power-connected with generator b508, and the superheated steam discharged from the waste heat boiler 507 drives the steam turbine 411 to generate electricity, and the drain of the waste heat boiler 507 and the drain of the steam turbine 411 are respectively connected to the water inlet of the water supply input system 412;
所述涡轮机a的出气口分别连接合成气汽气换热器513的加热通道、空气汽气换热器512的加热通道，合成气汽气换热器513的加热通道、空气汽气换热器512的加热通道并联后再连接再循环风机515的进气口，所述余热锅炉的废气排放口连接再循环风机515的进气口，再循环风机515的出气口连接混合分离器511，本实施例中，混合分离器511采用膜分离器，所述混合分离器511分离出氮气排空，剩余气体输入垃圾气化焚烧系统作为气化剂，所述合成烟气燃烧室的进气口与合成烟气压气机的出气口之间连接合成气汽气换热器513的受热通道，所述混合器的第二入口与高压空气压气机的出气口之间连接空气汽气换热器512的受热通道，所述低压空气压气机、高压空气压气机之间连接气水换热器510的受热通道，所述给水输入系统出水口连接气水换热器510的加热通道后对锅炉系统、余热锅炉供水。The gas outlet of the turbine a is respectively connected to the heating passage of the synthesis gas steam heat exchanger 513, the heating passage of the air steam heat exchanger 512, the heating passage of the synthesis gas steam heat exchanger 513, the air steam heat exchanger The heating channels of 512 are connected in parallel and then connected to the air inlet of the recirculation fan 515, the waste gas discharge port of the waste heat boiler is connected to the air inlet of the recirculation fan 515, and the gas outlet of the recirculation fan 515 is connected to the mixing separator 511. In the example, the mixing separator 511 adopts a membrane separator, the mixing separator 511 separates the nitrogen to be emptied, and the remaining gas is input into the waste gasification and incineration system as a gasification agent, and the air inlet of the synthetic flue gas combustion chamber is connected with the synthetic flue gas combustion chamber. The gas outlet of the flue gas compressor is connected to the heated channel of the synthesis gas steam-gas heat exchanger 513, and the heated channel of the air-gas heat exchanger 512 is connected between the second inlet of the mixer and the gas outlet of the high-pressure air compressor. channel, the low-pressure air compressor and the high-pressure air compressor are connected to the heating channel of the air-water heat exchanger 510, and the water outlet of the feed water input system is connected to the heating channel of the air-water heat exchanger 510, and then the boiler system and waste heat boiler water supply.
进一步地，所述给水输入系统412包括通过管道依次串联的冷凝器413、水泵414、除氧器415、增压水泵416，所述余热锅炉507的排水口通过管道连接于水泵414、除氧器415之间，所述水泵414、除氧器415之间设置给水输入系统412的进水口，给水输入系统412的进水口通过补水管道417连接水源，所述冷凝器413的进水口通过管道连接汽轮机411的排水口，所述增压水泵416的出水口为给水输入系统412的出水口。Further, the feed water input system 412 includes a condenser 413, a water pump 414, a deaerator 415, and a booster water pump 416 connected in series through pipelines, and the drain of the waste heat boiler 507 is connected to the water pump 414 and the deaerator through pipelines. Between 415, the water inlet of the water supply input system 412 is set between the water pump 414 and the deaerator 415, the water inlet of the water supply input system 412 is connected to the water source through the water supply pipeline 417, and the water inlet of the condenser 413 is connected to the steam turbine through a pipeline 411, and the water outlet of the booster water pump 416 is the water outlet of the water supply input system 412.
参见图3，本实施例中，锅炉系统包括锅炉本体4，所述锅炉本体4具有旋风除尘室3、炉室a402、炉室b403、炉室c404。Referring to Fig. 3, in this embodiment, the boiler system includes a boiler body 4, and the boiler body 4 has a cyclone dust removal chamber 3, a furnace chamber a402, a furnace chamber b403, and a furnace chamber c404.
参见图5、图6，所述旋风除尘室3的下端设置烟气入口303，所述旋风除尘室3的烟气入口303通过管道与气化炉103的第一烟气出口112连通，旋风除尘室3上端为第三烟气出口304，所述烟气入口303、第三烟气出口304位于旋风除尘室3圆周壁的相反侧，旋风除尘室3的顶部设置除尘室点火助燃孔301。为了使烟气、助燃风在旋风除尘室3内充分混合、燃烧后从第三烟气出口304排出，所述旋风除尘室3上设有若干助燃风供风口305，所述若干助燃风供风口305位于烟气入口303、第三烟气出口304之间。所述烟气入口303、第三烟气出口304、助燃风供风口305沿旋风除尘室3圆周壁径向或切向设置。旋风除尘室3上端的第三烟气出口304与炉室a402的上端连通，所述炉室a402、炉室b403的下端连通，所述炉室b403的上端设置废气出口，所述旋风除尘室3的下端设有从上到下半径变小的锥状出渣口302，该锥状出渣口302与气化炉103的炉膛连通。所述炉室a402、炉室b403下方设有共同的出渣口，该共同的出渣口与气化炉103的炉膛连通。本实施例中，该共同的出渣口以及锥状出渣口302均与气化炉103炉膛的尾部过渡段连通。5 and 6, the lower end of the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 is provided with a flue gas inlet 303, and the flue gas inlet 303 of the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 communicates with the first flue gas outlet 112 of the gasifier 103 through a pipe, and the cyclone dust removal chamber The upper end of the chamber 3 is the third flue gas outlet 304, the flue gas inlet 303 and the third flue gas outlet 304 are located on the opposite side of the circumferential wall of the cyclone dust removal chamber 3, and the top of the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 is provided with an ignition combustion hole 301 for the dust removal chamber. In order to fully mix the flue gas and combustion-supporting air in the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 and discharge them from the third flue gas outlet 304 after combustion, the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 is provided with a number of combustion-supporting air supply ports 305, and the plurality of combustion-supporting air supply ports 305 is located between the flue gas inlet 303 and the third flue gas outlet 304 . The flue gas inlet 303 , the third flue gas outlet 304 , and the combustion air supply port 305 are arranged radially or tangentially along the circumferential wall of the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 . The third flue gas outlet 304 at the upper end of the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber a402, the lower ends of the furnace chamber a402 and the furnace chamber b403 communicate with each other, the upper end of the furnace chamber b403 is provided with a waste gas outlet, and the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 The lower end of the gasifier is provided with a tapered slag outlet 302 whose radius becomes smaller from top to bottom, and the tapered slag outlet 302 communicates with the hearth of the gasifier 103 . A common slag outlet is provided below the furnace chamber a402 and the furnace chamber b403 , and the common slag outlet is communicated with the hearth of the gasifier 103 . In this embodiment, both the common slag outlet and the conical slag outlet 302 communicate with the tail transition section of the furnace of the gasifier 103 .
所述旋风除尘室3内沿内壁周向设有呈环形的水冷壁405，所述炉室a402内设置有过热器406，炉室b403内设置有蒸发器407，锅炉本体4的顶端设置汽包408，所述旋风除尘室3、炉室a402、炉室b403均位于汽包408下方，所述汽包408上设有汽水进口，用于输入汽水混合物，汽包408内设有汽水分离装置，用于分离汽水混合物，汽包408通过第一下降管409连接水冷壁405的进水口，用于输出汽水分离装置分离出的水，汽包408通过第二下降管410连接蒸发器407的进水口，用于输出汽水分离装置分离出的水，所述水冷壁405、蒸发器407的出汽口分别通过汽管连接汽包408的进汽口，用于回流高温蒸汽，所述汽包408的饱和蒸汽出口通过管道连接过热器406的进汽口，用于将回流的高温蒸汽输入过热器406内，所述过热器406的出汽口输出过热蒸汽。The cyclone dust removal chamber 3 is provided with an annular water-cooled wall 405 along the circumference of the inner wall, a superheater 406 is provided in the furnace chamber a402, an evaporator 407 is provided in the furnace chamber b403, and a steam drum 408 is provided at the top of the boiler body 4. The cyclone dust removal chamber 3, the furnace chamber a402, and the furnace chamber b403 are all located below the steam drum 408. The steam drum 408 is provided with a steam-water inlet for inputting the steam-water mixture. The steam drum 408 is provided with a steam-water separation device for Separate the steam-water mixture, the steam drum 408 is connected to the water inlet of the water wall 405 through the first downcomer 409, and is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device, and the steam drum 408 is connected to the water inlet of the evaporator 407 through the second downcomer 410. In order to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device, the steam outlets of the water-cooled wall 405 and the evaporator 407 are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum 408 through steam pipes for returning high-temperature steam, and the saturated steam of the steam drum 408 The outlet is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater 406 through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater 406, and the steam outlet of the superheater 406 outputs superheated steam.
所述炉室c404的上端与炉室b403上端的废气出口连通，炉室c404的下端设置废气排放口，所述炉室c404内设有节热器418，所述节热器418的进水口与增压水泵416的出水口连通，所述节热器418的出水口与汽包408的汽水进口连通。炉室c404的废气排放口连接烟气净化系统419，参见图4，所述烟气净化系统419包括依次连接的粗净化系统、增压风机422、精洗除尘器423，净化后的烟气供入合成烟气压气机。所述粗净化系统包括洗气塔420和除尘器421，所述精洗除尘器423采用雷氏文丘里洗涤系统，包括文丘里洗涤器和旋风分离器，所述洗气塔420连接炉室c的废气排放口，洗气塔420出口连接除尘器421，再由增压风机422增压后进入精洗除尘器423作深度净化。The upper end of the furnace chamber c404 communicates with the waste gas outlet at the upper end of the furnace chamber b403, and the lower end of the furnace chamber c404 is provided with a waste gas discharge port. The furnace chamber c404 is provided with a heat saver 418, and the water inlet of the heat saver 418 is connected to the The water outlet of the booster water pump 416 is connected, and the water outlet of the economizer 418 is connected with the steam water inlet of the steam drum 408 . The exhaust gas discharge port of the furnace chamber c404 is connected to the flue gas purification system 419, referring to Figure 4, the flue gas purification system 419 includes a rough purification system, a booster fan 422, and a fine cleaning dust collector 423 connected in sequence, and the purified flue gas is supplied to Into the synthetic smoke gas machine. The rough purification system includes a gas scrubber 420 and a dust remover 421, and the fine cleaning dust collector 423 adopts a Reinhardt Venturi scrubbing system, including a Venturi scrubber and a cyclone separator, and the gas scrubber 420 is connected to the furnace chamber c The waste gas discharge outlet of the gas scrubber 420 is connected to the dust collector 421, and then pressurized by the booster fan 422 and enters the fine cleaning dust collector 423 for deep purification.
参见图7、图8，为垃圾气化焚烧系统包括气化焚烧炉及其循环供风系统，气化焚烧炉包括气化炉103、燃烬炉104，气化炉103和燃烬炉104之间可以密封或连通，气化炉103炉床的下方以及燃烬炉104炉床的下方分别设有两个独立的一次风室107，所述气化炉103的前拱、后拱上分别设置二次供风口115，所述气化炉103的拱顶设置第一烟气出口112，所述燃烬炉104的拱顶设置第二烟气出口113。Referring to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the waste gasification incineration system includes a gasification incinerator and its circulating air supply system. The room can be sealed or communicated. Two independent primary air chambers 107 are respectively provided under the hearth of the gasifier 103 and the hearth of the ember furnace 104. The front and rear arches of the gasifier 103 are respectively provided with The secondary air supply port 115, the first flue gas outlet 112 is arranged on the vault of the gasifier 103, and the second flue gas outlet 113 is arranged on the vault of the ember furnace 104.
气化焚烧炉包括炉架101，以及在炉架101上沿进料方向依次设置的给料仓102、气化炉103和燃烬炉104，燃烬炉104的后方为燃烬炉104的出渣口116，所述燃烬炉104上设有落渣口117，所述燃烬炉104的出渣口116位于燃烬炉落渣口117的正下方，所述落渣口117通过管道与除尘装置201的出渣口连通。本结构密封效果好，可以有效容减少污染物排放量。气化炉103主要是对垃圾的含炭部分进行气化，并排出可燃的气化烟气和垃圾残渣，燃烬炉104主要进行残炭的燃烧处理，并排出无害化的灰渣。气化炉103和燃烬炉104的炉床105均采用分段独立驱动的机械炉排式移动炉床105，机械炉排式移动炉床105的炉排是由活动炉排板与固定炉排板前后重叠，相间排列汇集而成，相邻的多组活动炉排板通过拉杆连接，采用一套驱动装置驱动。机械炉排式移动炉床105作为输送垃圾的载体，其实施方式可以是各类型移动炉床105，如链板式、滚筒式、多段式炉排系统等。The gasification incinerator comprises a grate 101, and a feed bin 102, a gasification furnace 103, and an embering furnace 104 arranged in sequence along the feed direction on the grate 101, and the rear of the embering furnace 104 is the outlet of the embering furnace 104. A slag outlet 116, the embering furnace 104 is provided with a slag outlet 117, the slag outlet 116 of the embering furnace 104 is located directly below the slag outlet 117 of the embering furnace, and the slag outlet 117 passes through a pipeline and The slag outlet of the dust removal device 201 is connected. The structure has good sealing effect and can effectively reduce pollutant discharge. The gasification furnace 103 mainly gasifies the charcoal part of the garbage, and discharges combustible gasification flue gas and garbage residue, and the ember furnace 104 mainly performs combustion treatment of residual charcoal, and discharges harmless ash. The hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 adopts a mechanical grate type movable hearth 105 independently driven by sections. The plates are stacked front and back, arranged alternately and gathered together. Multiple groups of adjacent movable grate plates are connected by tie rods and driven by a set of driving devices. The mechanical grate type moving hearth 105 is used as a carrier for transporting garbage, and its implementation can be various types of moving hearth 105, such as chain plate type, drum type, multi-stage type grate system, etc.
所述炉架101上设有垃圾推料器106，所述垃圾推料器106位于给料仓102的下方，用于将给料仓102内的垃圾推入气化炉103内，气化炉103移动炉床105的下方以及燃烬炉104移动炉床105的下方分别设有至少一个独立设置的一次风室107，本实施例中，与气化炉103前半部的一次风室107对应的炉排、驱动装置，作为气化炉103炉床105的干燥段，与气化炉103后半部的一次风室107对应的炉排、驱动装置作为气化炉103炉床105的气化段。气化炉103炉床105的干燥段、气化段可以分别采用1-2个独立的一次风室107供风，也可以分别采用3-4个独立的一次风室107供风。当然，炉排、驱动装置和一次风室107也可不对应设置，更好的调节移动炉床105上料层移动和配风关系。燃烬炉104可以采用1-4个独立的一次风室107供风，燃烬后灰渣从出渣口排除，进入下一步处理工序。Described grate 101 is provided with refuse pusher 106, and described refuse pusher 106 is positioned at the below of feeding bin 102, is used for pushing the rubbish in feeding bin 102 into gasifier 103, and gasifier 103 The bottom of the moving hearth 105 and the bottom of the ember furnace 104 and the bottom of the moving hearth 105 are respectively provided with at least one independent primary air chamber 107. In this embodiment, the primary air chamber 107 corresponding to the first half of the gasifier 103 The grate and driving device are used as the drying section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103, and the grate and driving device corresponding to the primary air chamber 107 in the second half of the gasifier 103 are used as the gasification section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103 . The drying section and the gasification section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103 can use 1-2 independent primary air chambers 107 for air supply, or 3-4 independent primary air chambers 107 for air supply. Of course, the fire grate, the driving device and the primary air chamber 107 may not be arranged correspondingly, so as to better adjust the relationship between the movement of the upper material layer of the movable hearth 105 and the air distribution. The embers 104 can use 1-4 independent primary air chambers 107 to supply air, and after embers, the ash is discharged from the slag outlet, and enters the next processing procedure.
所述给料仓102、气化炉103之间设有堆料密封段108，垃圾推料器106工进到位处于堆料密封段108内，垃圾原料从给料仓102放入落下，垃圾推料器106后退，再推进，往复多次推料在堆料密封段108形成堆料，使气化炉103入口处于堆料密封状态，增强气化炉103密封效果，解决垃圾推料器106和给料仓102容易漏气问题。需要完全清炉处理掉所有垃圾时，垃圾推料器106再往前推进一半行程，将垃圾完全推入气化炉103内，使气化炉103入口失去堆料密封效果。所述气化炉103与燃烬炉104之间的炉架101部分上留有过渡落渣段109，所述过渡落渣段109设置有残渣推料器110，用于将气化炉103内落下的垃圾残渣推入燃烬炉104内，过渡落渣段109在堆积垃圾残渣时可处于堆料密封状态，增强气化炉103密封效果，解决气化炉103、燃烬炉104之间串风的问题。本实施例中，所述过渡落渣段109上设置有可开闭的隔离门111，所述隔离门111用于将气化炉103、燃烬炉104隔断。在起炉初期或需要控制气化炉103与焚烧炉之间窜风时，关闭隔离门111，当落渣段堆放一定量的残渣形成堆料密封后，可以保持隔离门111打开，与下方设置的残渣推料器110协调使用，以实现垃圾连续气化焚烧处理。A stacking sealing section 108 is provided between the feed bin 102 and the gasifier 103, and the garbage pusher 106 is in place in the stacking sealing section 108. The garbage raw materials are put into and fall from the feeding bin 102, and the garbage pushing The feeder 106 retreats, then advances, and reciprocates multiple times to push the material to form a pile in the pile sealing section 108, so that the gasifier 103 inlet is in a pile seal state, and the sealing effect of the gasifier 103 is enhanced to solve the problem of garbage pusher 106 and waste. Feed bin 102 is prone to air leakage. When it is necessary to completely clean the furnace and dispose of all the garbage, the garbage pusher 106 is pushed forward half a stroke, and the garbage is completely pushed into the gasifier 103, so that the gasifier 103 inlet loses the sealing effect of stacking. A transitional slagging section 109 is left on the part of the grate 101 between the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104, and the transitional slagging section 109 is provided with a residue pusher 110 for dispelling The falling garbage residues are pushed into the ember furnace 104, and the transitional slag section 109 can be in a stacking and sealing state when the garbage residues are piled up, so as to enhance the sealing effect of the gasifier 103 and solve the problem of crosstalk between the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104. Wind problem. In this embodiment, the transitional slagging section 109 is provided with an openable and closable isolation door 111 , and the isolation door 111 is used to isolate the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104 . At the initial stage of starting the furnace or when it is necessary to control the blowing wind between the gasifier 103 and the incinerator, close the isolation door 111. After a certain amount of residue is piled up in the slag section to form a stacking seal, the isolation door 111 can be kept open, and the The residue pusher 110 is used in coordination to realize the continuous gasification and incineration treatment of garbage.
所述气化炉103的上端、燃烬炉104的上端分别呈拱起状，所述气化炉103的前拱为平直结构，或者，气化炉103的前拱为后端向上倾斜结构。所述气化炉103的拱顶设置第一烟气出口112，所述燃烬炉104的拱顶设置第二烟气出口113，所述气化炉103上端的拱起、燃烬炉104上端的拱起上分别设有点火助燃孔114。气化烟气从第一烟气出口112、第二烟气出口113排除，气化炉103炉膛空间与传统的垃圾焚烧炉相比，相对减小；前、后拱与移动炉床105相对位置变小，减少了焚烧炉占用的空间，也更易于保温，减少了热量的泄露量，有利于垃圾充分气化。所述气化炉103的前拱、后拱上分别设置二次供风口115。The upper end of the gasification furnace 103 and the upper end of the ember furnace 104 are respectively arched, and the front arch of the gasification furnace 103 is a straight structure, or the front arch of the gasification furnace 103 is a rear end inclined upward structure . The vault of the gasification furnace 103 is provided with a first flue gas outlet 112, the vault of the ember furnace 104 is provided with a second flue gas outlet 113, the arch of the upper end of the gasification furnace 103 and the upper end of the ember furnace 104 are Ignition and combustion-supporting holes 114 are respectively provided on the arches. The gasification flue gas is discharged from the first flue gas outlet 112 and the second flue gas outlet 113, and the furnace space of the gasification furnace 103 is relatively reduced compared with the traditional garbage incinerator; the relative positions of the front and rear arches and the moving hearth 105 It becomes smaller, which reduces the space occupied by the incinerator, and is also easier to keep warm, reducing the amount of heat leakage, which is conducive to the full gasification of garbage. Secondary air supply ports 115 are respectively provided on the front arch and the rear arch of the gasifier 103 .
所述循环供风系统包括除尘装置201、第一风机202、第二风机203，本实施例中，所述除尘装置201为旋风分离器或者高温除尘器421，所述第一风机202为高温风机，所述第二风机203为鼓风机。所述除尘装置201的进气端通过管道与第二烟气出口113连接，所述除尘装置201的出气端通过管道与第一风机202的进气端连接，所述第一风机202的出气端连接第一歧管204的总管，所述第一歧管204的支管分别与气化炉103移动炉床的下方的各一次风室107、气化炉103上的各二次供风口115以及旋风除尘室3的烟气入口303连通，所述第一歧管204的各支管上分别设置第一调节阀207，所述第二风机203的进气口与储料坑大气连通，可以吸收储料坑内散发的臭气，所述第二风机203的出气口连接第二歧管205的总管，所述第二歧管205的支管分别与燃烬炉104移动炉床下方的各一次风室107以及除尘装置201的进气端、出气端连通，所述第二歧管205的各支管上分别设置第二调节阀208。还包括第三歧管206，所述第三歧管206的总管与第二风机203的出气口连通，所述第三歧管206的各支管分别与若干助燃风供风口305连通，第三歧管206的各支管上分别设置第三调节阀209。所述炉室c404内设有空气预热器424，本实施例中，空气预热器424位于节热器418的下游端，所述第二风机203的出气端连接空气预热器424的进气口，空气预热器424的出气口连接第二歧管206的总管，所述第三歧管206的总管与空气预热器424的出气口连通。The circulating air supply system includes a dust removal device 201, a first fan 202, and a second fan 203. In this embodiment, the dust removal device 201 is a cyclone separator or a high-temperature dust collector 421, and the first fan 202 is a high-temperature fan. , the second fan 203 is a blower. The inlet end of the dust removal device 201 is connected to the second flue gas outlet 113 through a pipeline, the gas outlet end of the dust removal device 201 is connected to the inlet end of the first fan 202 through a pipeline, and the gas outlet end of the first fan 202 is Connect the main pipe of the first manifold 204, the branch pipes of the first manifold 204 are respectively connected with the primary air chambers 107 below the moving hearth of the gasifier 103, the secondary air supply ports 115 on the gasifier 103, and the cyclone The flue gas inlet 303 of the dedusting chamber 3 is communicated, and the first regulating valves 207 are respectively arranged on the branch pipes of the first manifold 204. The odor emitted in the pit, the air outlet of the second fan 203 is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold 205, and the branch pipes of the second manifold 205 are respectively connected with each primary air chamber 107 and The air inlet end and the air outlet end of the dust removal device 201 are connected, and each branch of the second manifold 205 is respectively provided with a second regulating valve 208 . It also includes a third manifold 206, the main pipe of the third manifold 206 communicates with the air outlet of the second fan 203, and each branch of the third manifold 206 communicates with a number of combustion-supporting air supply ports 305 respectively. Each branch of the pipe 206 is respectively provided with a third regulating valve 209 . The furnace chamber c404 is provided with an air preheater 424. In this embodiment, the air preheater 424 is located at the downstream end of the economizer 418, and the outlet end of the second fan 203 is connected to the inlet of the air preheater 424. Air port, the air outlet of the air preheater 424 is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold 206 , and the main pipe of the third manifold 206 is in communication with the air outlet of the air preheater 424 .
气化炉103一次风是高温风机抽取燃烬炉104的烟气产生一定压力鼓入气化炉103机械炉排式移动炉床105下方对应的一次风室107内，再通过移动炉床105上的一次风孔喷射穿透垃圾，进行气化，通过对应各支管上的第一调节阀207调节供风量。气化炉103二次风是高温风机抽取燃烬炉104的烟气产生一定压力鼓入气化炉103炉膛，其喷射孔设置在气化炉103前拱和后拱上。前、后拱上设置有二次供风口115，提高气化效率，增强烟气中高分子物质分解。后拱上开有点火助燃孔114，起炉、烘炉和稳定气化炉103内温度使用，通过对应各支管上的第一调节阀207调节供风量。所述第二风机203的进气口与储料坑大气连通，第二风机203鼓入的空气可以是冷风或经过加热后的热风。所述第二风机203的出气口连接第二歧管205的总管，所述第二歧管205的支管分别与燃烬炉104移动炉床105下方的各一次风室107以及除尘装置201的进气端、出气端连通，所述第二歧管205的各支管上分别设置第二调节阀208。燃烬炉104一次风是鼓风机将一定压力的空气鼓入机械炉排式移动炉床105下方对应的一次风室107内，再通过移动炉床105上的一次风孔喷射穿透残渣，进行残渣燃烧，通过对应各支管上的第一调节阀207调节供风量。除尘装置201的进气端、出气端的进风为调温供风，调温供风是鼓风机将一定压力的空气鼓入燃烬炉104出口(即旋风分离器入口)进行调温，同时，旋风分离器出口(即高温风机入口)鼓入进一步调温，通过对应各支管上的第一调节阀207调节供风量。The primary air of the gasification furnace 103 is a high-temperature fan that extracts the flue gas from the ember furnace 104 to generate a certain pressure and blows it into the corresponding primary air chamber 107 below the mechanical grate-type movable hearth 105 of the gasifier 103, and then passes through the movable hearth 105 The primary air hole sprays through the garbage for gasification, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the first regulating valve 207 corresponding to each branch pipe. The secondary air of the gasification furnace 103 is a high-temperature fan that draws the flue gas from the ember furnace 104 to generate a certain pressure and blows it into the furnace of the gasification furnace 103. The injection holes are set on the front and rear arches of the gasification furnace 103. The front and rear arches are provided with secondary air supply ports 115 to improve the gasification efficiency and enhance the decomposition of high molecular substances in the flue gas. Ignition and combustion-supporting holes 114 are opened on the rear arch, used for starting the furnace, oven and stabilizing the temperature in the gasification furnace 103, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the first regulating valve 207 on each branch pipe. The air inlet of the second fan 203 communicates with the atmosphere of the storage pit, and the air blown by the second fan 203 can be cold air or heated hot air. The air outlet of the second fan 203 is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold 205, and the branch pipes of the second manifold 205 are respectively connected to the inlets of the primary air chambers 107 below the moving hearth 105 of the ember furnace 104 and the dust removal device 201. The gas end and the gas outlet end are connected, and each branch of the second manifold 205 is respectively provided with a second regulating valve 208 . The primary air of the ember furnace 104 is that the blower blows air of a certain pressure into the corresponding primary air chamber 107 under the mechanical grate type movable hearth 105, and then sprays through the primary air holes on the movable hearth 105 to penetrate the residue and remove the residue. For combustion, the air supply volume is adjusted through the first regulating valve 207 corresponding to each branch pipe. The air intake of the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the dedusting device 201 is a temperature-regulated air supply, and the temperature-regulated air supply is that the blower blows air of a certain pressure into the outlet of the ember furnace 104 (that is, the cyclone separator inlet) for temperature regulation. The outlet of the separator (that is, the inlet of the high-temperature fan) is blown in for further temperature adjustment, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the first regulating valve 207 corresponding to each branch pipe.
循环供风系统对机械炉排式垃圾气化焚烧炉供风后的垃圾处理方法，该方法按以下步骤进行：The garbage treatment method after the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator is supplied with air by the circulating air supply system, the method is carried out according to the following steps:
步骤A、关闭机械炉排式垃圾气化焚烧炉1与大气通风的闸门，启动机械炉排式垃圾气化焚烧炉1，将垃圾原料投入给料仓102，垃圾推料器106往复多次推料，将从给料仓102落下的垃圾原料推入给料仓102、气化炉103之间的堆料密封段108，使堆料密封段108形成堆料密封状态，多余的垃圾落入气化炉103的移动炉床105，气化炉103的移动炉床105工作，将垃圾输送入过渡落渣段109，残渣推料器110往复多次推料，将过渡落渣段109上的垃圾推入燃烬炉104内，燃烬炉104的移动炉床105工作输送垃圾，直到垃圾在气化炉103、燃烬炉104的移动炉床105堆积至所需的厚度：0.6-0.8m，，烘炉时，所堆积的垃圾可以保护移动炉床105，防止烧损炉床105。停止向给料仓102投料，气化炉103和燃烬炉104的移动炉床105停止工作，然后，用点火燃烧器通过气化炉103和燃烬炉104的点火助燃孔114分别与气化炉103和燃烬炉104的炉膛相通，在点火燃烧器的作用下，对气化炉103和燃烬炉104进行起炉、烘炉，待这一过程稳定完成，使气化炉103和燃烬炉104炉膛达到预定温度600-700℃；烘炉的目的是为了脱除衬里中的自然水和结晶水，以免在开工时由于炉温上升太快，水份大量膨胀造成炉体胀裂、鼓泡或变形甚至炉墙倒塌，影响加热炉炉墙的强度和使用寿命。Step A, close the gate of the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1 and the atmospheric ventilation, start the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1, put the garbage raw materials into the feed bin 102, and the garbage pusher 106 reciprocates and pushes Push the garbage material falling from the feeding bin 102 into the stacking sealing section 108 between the feeding bin 102 and the gasifier 103, so that the stacking sealing section 108 forms a stacking sealed state, and the excess garbage falls into the gasifier. The moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 work to transport the garbage into the transitional slagging section 109, and the residue pusher 110 reciprocates and pushes the material multiple times to remove the garbage on the transitional slagging section 109. Push into the embering furnace 104, the moving hearth 105 of the embering furnace 104 works to transport the garbage until the garbage is piled up to the required thickness: 0.6-0.8m on the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the embering furnace 104, , during baking, the accumulated rubbish can protect the movable hearth 105 and prevent the hearth 105 from burning. Stop feeding material to feed bin 102, the moving hearth 105 of gasification furnace 103 and ember furnace 104 stops working, then, pass through the ignition combustion-supporting hole 114 of gasification furnace 103 and ember furnace 104 respectively with gasification with ignition burner The hearth of the furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are connected. Under the action of the ignition burner, the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are started and baked. The hearth of ember furnace 104 reaches the predetermined temperature of 600-700°C; the purpose of the oven is to remove the natural water and crystallization water in the lining, so as to avoid the furnace body from swelling and cracking due to the rapid rise of the furnace temperature and the large amount of water expansion during the start-up. Bubbling or deformation or even the collapse of the furnace wall will affect the strength and service life of the furnace wall of the heating furnace.
步骤B、启动调节循环供风系统2，调节气化炉103、燃烬炉104以及循环供风系统2的工艺参数(推料器速度、炉排速度、一次风温、风压和风量、二次风温、风压和风量、炉温、炉内负压、料层厚度等)，向给料仓102投料，气化炉103的移动炉床105工作输送垃圾，垃圾在气化炉103的炉膛内开始进行燃烧，垃圾残渣在过渡落渣段109处堆积形成堆料密封，使气化炉103的炉膛内燃烧状态温度稳定到850℃以上，燃烬炉104的移动炉床105工作输出燃烬后的垃圾残渣。Step B, start and adjust the circulating air supply system 2, adjust the process parameters of the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104 and the circulating air supply system 2 (the speed of the pusher, the speed of the grate, the primary air temperature, air pressure and air volume, the second Secondary wind temperature, wind pressure and air volume, furnace temperature, negative pressure in the furnace, material layer thickness, etc.), feeding material to the feed bin 102, the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 works to transport garbage, and the garbage is in the gasification furnace 103 Combustion starts in the furnace, and garbage residues are piled up at the transitional slagging section 109 to form a stacking seal, so that the combustion state temperature in the furnace of the gasifier 103 is stabilized above 850°C, and the moving hearth 105 of the ember furnace 104 works to output combustion. Ashes of rubbish residue.
步骤C、调节气化炉103、燃烬炉104以及循环供风系统2的各工艺参数(推料器速度、炉排速度、一次风温、风压和风量、二次风温、风压和风量、炉温、炉内负压、料层厚度等)，气化炉103逐渐对垃圾进行气化，气化温度稳定在700-800℃之间，使气化炉103稳定产生含10％-20％合成气的高温烟气，气化炉103气化状态稳定进行低温、中温或高温气化均可。使燃烬炉104燃烧状态温度稳定到850℃以上，实现垃圾连续气化焚烧处理；需同时调节旋风除尘室3的各工艺参数，使旋风除尘室3第三烟气出口304温度稳定到850℃以上。Step C, adjusting the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104 and each process parameter of the circulating air supply system 2 (the speed of the pusher, the speed of the grate, the primary air temperature, air pressure and air volume, the secondary air temperature, air pressure and air volume, furnace temperature, negative pressure in the furnace, material layer thickness, etc.), the gasification furnace 103 gradually gasifies the garbage, and the gasification temperature is stabilized between 700-800°C, so that the gasification furnace 103 can stably produce waste containing 10%- For the high-temperature flue gas of 20% syngas, the gasification furnace 103 can be gasified in a stable gasification state at low temperature, medium temperature or high temperature. Stabilize the combustion state temperature of the ember furnace 104 to above 850°C to realize continuous gasification and incineration treatment of waste; at the same time, adjust the process parameters of the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 to stabilize the temperature of the third flue gas outlet 304 of the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 to 850°C above.
步骤D、需检修或停炉时，停止投料，调节气化炉103、燃烬炉104以及循环供风系统2的工艺参数，使气化炉103逐渐恢复到燃烧状态，待垃圾和垃圾残渣燃烬后，关闭机械炉排式垃圾气化焚烧炉1以及循环供风系统2。需同时调节旋风除尘室3的各工艺参数，使气化炉103逐渐恢复到燃烧状态。Step D, when maintenance or shutdown is required, stop feeding, adjust the process parameters of the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104 and the circulating air supply system 2, so that the gasifier 103 gradually returns to the combustion state, and wait for the garbage and garbage residue to burn. After burning, the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1 and the circulating air supply system 2 are closed. It is necessary to adjust the process parameters of the cyclone dust removal chamber 3 at the same time, so that the gasifier 103 can gradually return to the combustion state.
最后说明的是，以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述，但本领域技术人员应当理解，可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变，而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
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Effective date of registration: 20230509 Address after: No. 3, Jianqiao Avenue, Jianqiao Industrial Park, Dadukou District, Chongqing 401325 Patentee after: Chongqing Sanfeng Environment Group Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Chongqing University of Science & Technology Address before: No. 20, East Road, University City, Chongqing, Shapingba District, Chongqing Patentee before: Chongqing University of Science & Technology |
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