CN106210926B - 基于模糊控制的视频质量自适应控制方法 - Google Patents

基于模糊控制的视频质量自适应控制方法 Download PDF

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CN106210926B
CN106210926B CN201610542496.4A CN201610542496A CN106210926B CN 106210926 B CN106210926 B CN 106210926B CN 201610542496 A CN201610542496 A CN 201610542496A CN 106210926 B CN106210926 B CN 106210926B
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侯永宏
薛琳
邢家明
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Beijing Legend Yousheng Culture Media Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/647Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
    • H04N21/64723Monitoring of network processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of network load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/647Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
    • H04N21/64723Monitoring of network processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of network load
    • H04N21/64738Monitoring network characteristics, e.g. bandwidth, congestion level

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于模糊控制的视频质量自适应控制方法,包括:设计三输入两输出模糊控制器;客户端向服务器申请媒体描述文件,了解服务器端视频存储情况;初始缓存阶段,先向服务器端申请最低质量视频;计算估计吞吐量,缓存中视频余量和缓存变化量;对输入进行模糊化;建立输入与输出关系,对输出进行解模糊,得到申请视频质量等级指示参数和申请视频延时指示参数模糊化输出结果;根据得到申请视频质量指示参数确定下一切片申请视频切片质量等级,根据申请视频延时指示参数确定下一切片视频申请开始时间。本发明可以提供用户平均质量更高,质量波动更平稳的视频体验。

Description

基于模糊控制的视频质量自适应控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于网络视频质量动态自适应选择领域,具体的指出一种基于模糊控制的MPEG-DASH视频流自适应控制方法。
背景技术
随着网络的普及,媒体在网络传输内容中所占的比重越来越大,基于HTTP的动态流媒体传输(DASH)逐渐吸引各国研究者们的关注。2012年ISO正式批准MPEG组织提交的MPEG-DASH方案为国际统一DASH传输标准,成为DASH系统走向成熟的重要一步。然而,MPEG-DASH标准协议中仅对媒体描述文件MPD及媒体文件的格式进行了定义,对媒体编码格式,服务器端视频等级分配以及客户端自适应选择策略等等均未进行规范,为研究者们提供了极大的优化空间。近年来,对DASH传输的研究包括服务器端视频等级分配,客户端自适应选择策略,音视频传输形式,最终用户评价知觉质量模型等等,其中客户端自适应选择策略更是其中研究的热点。
在MPEG-DASH传输系统中,同一段视频内容被压缩成多个码率,并被分割成多个切片存储在服务器,客户端根据自身硬件条件以及当前网络吞吐量选择合适的视频质量,并向服务器发出申请,以期提供网络视频观看者最好的质量体验,此即为客户端自适应选择控制过程。同时客户端根据自身条件开辟一段缓存区域存储下载完成但没播放的视频,用于防止由于网络环境突发变化带来的视频停顿。目前,关于客户端进行视频质量选择的客户端自适应算法已有很多研究,其算法主要可分为两大类:基于吞吐量的自适应选择和基于缓存的自适应选择。基于吞吐量的视频质量选择方法仅考虑当前网络环境,而不考虑客户端缓存中视频余量,为保证视频平稳连续播放,其选择机制表现出视频质量波动大,平均申请视频质量不高的缺点。基于缓存的视频质量选择机制,可以提供相较前者更高且更加平稳的视频质量,然而,难以设定缓存门限成为其目前发展的主要瓶颈。
模糊控制系统是以模糊集合论,模糊语言变量和模糊推理为基础的一种计算机数字控制技术,其已成为当今控制系统的重要组成部分。模糊控制是模拟人的思维、推理和判断的一种方法,不同于传统控制方法,模糊控制以模糊的语言变量代替精确的数值输入,以经验化的规则设计代替精确的数学模型。将模糊控制与传统基于缓存算法相结合,可以解决缓存门限值难以设定的问题。同时模糊控制的语言规则来自于人类有关领域的知识和经验,一套精心设计的语言规则可以使客户端自适应控制器具有良好的响应,在复杂多变的网络环境中,为用户提供更好的知觉质量。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题是:针对复杂多变的网络环境,提供一种视频质量自适应控制方法,使其满足:(1)当网络带宽急剧下降,选择视频质量紧跟网络变化,以防发生缓存泄露造成视频播放停顿或缓存溢出造成网络带宽浪费;(2)针对当前网络环境,为用户提供尽可能高的视频质量,为用户提供更好的知觉质量体验;(3)当网络环境持续小范围波动,尽量维持选择视频质量稳定,以防止视频质量频繁波动给用户带来疲惫感。本发明的技术方案如下:
一种基于模糊控制的视频质量自适应控制方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:设计三输入两输出模糊控制器:其中,
(1)三输入分别为估计吞吐量,客户端缓存中的视频余量和缓存变化量,输出为申请视频质量等级指示参数和申请视频延时指示参数;
(2)分别设定估计吞吐量,缓存视频余量和缓存变化量的隶属模糊子集和隶属函数,根据各个参数表现的物理意义,将其模糊子集分别设定为{偏小,中等,偏大},{偏小,适中,偏大},{剧烈下降,下降,平稳,上升},其隶属函数分别选用三角、梯形和三角隶属函数;
(3)确定模糊规则,模糊规则确立的基本原则为:当吞吐量偏大且缓存中视频余量较多时,将申请视频质量等级指示参数调高,以提供用户尽可能高的视频质量;当吞吐量较小且缓存中视频余量较少时,降低申请视频质量等级指示参数,防止出现视频播放中断;
(4)设定模糊推理机,选用“或”规则对各个规则进行统一;
(5)选用重心法对输出模糊结果进行解模糊;
步骤2:客户端向服务器申请媒体描述文件,了解服务器端视频存储情况。
步骤:3:进入初始缓存阶段,由于网络环境未知,先向服务器端申请最低质量视频,以使初始延时最短,当缓存达到设定值,进入缓存稳定阶段,启动基于模糊控制的自适应控制。
步骤4:计算估计吞吐量:根据切片下载速度,计算网络吞吐量,并根据计算得网络吞吐量,估计下一切片下载时网络吞吐量;
步骤5:计算缓存中视频余量:根据申请视频比特率,网络吞吐量及前一切片下载完成时缓存中视频余量,计算缓存中视频余量;
步骤6:计算缓存变化量:计算当前缓存余量与前一切片下载完成时缓存余量的差值,作为缓存变化量;
步骤7:对输入进行模糊化:根据以上步骤得到三输入的精确值,对应隶属函数图形得到各个输入的模糊化结果,即各个输入变量相对于其各个模糊子集的隶属程度;
步骤8:建立输入与输出关系,对输出进行解模糊,得到申请视频质量等级指示参数和申请视频延时指示参数模糊化输出结果。
步骤9:根据得到申请视频质量指示参数确定下一切片申请视频切片质量等级,根据申请视频延时指示参数确定下一切片视频申请开始时间。
本发明采用以上技术方案,显示出以下优点:
(1)同时考虑估计吞吐量,缓存中视频余量,缓存变化量进行视频质量自适应选择,可以提供用户平均质量更高,质量波动更平稳的视频体验。
(2)将模糊控制引入传统基于缓存视频自适应选择机制,解决传统基于缓存算法门限值难以设定问题。同时,模糊控制规则由人类经验设定,可以提供更加贴合人类感知的视频质量选择方案。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施方案的实现框图
图2为本发明具体实施方式的实现流程图
图3为估计吞吐量隶属函数
图4为缓存视频余量隶属函数
图5为缓存变化量隶属函数
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图和具体实施方案,对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。
步骤1:客户端向服务其申请媒体文件,得到视频在服务器端的存储信息,主要得到视频在服务器端共存有N等级比特率及相应比特率大小信息(b1,b2,…,bN),为后续申请提供依据。
步骤2:设置缓存开始阶段结束条件,进入缓存开始阶段,客户端根据从视频描述文件中得到的视频存储信息,向服务器申请最低等级质量视频,直到缓存达到预设值,进入缓存稳定阶段,开启基于模糊控制的视频自适应选择机制。
步骤3:计算估计吞吐量。记录客户端从申请切片到切片下载完成所需时间,时间长度记为t,申请视频比特率为b,每段视频切片播放时长为τ,则下载该切片期间网络吞吐量表示为T=b*τ/t,使用该吞吐量作为进行下一切片下载是的估计吞吐量。本发明中,为了能同时得到估计吞吐量与其相邻两等级视频比特率得接近程度,将估计吞吐量相关输入进一步处理为其中bk为服务器端存有的小于当前估计吞吐量的最高视频质量。
步骤4:计算当前客户端缓存中的视频余量u。当前缓存中视频余量与前一切片下载完成时缓存中的视频余量bu,则当前缓存与申请视频质量和下载切片需要时间关系b=bu+τ-t,缓存视频余量与估计吞吐量结合作为视频质量选择的主要依据
步骤5:计算缓存变化量bc。存变化量表示当前缓存视频余量与上一切片下载完成时缓存视频余量的差值bc=b-bu,作为系统误差输入,帮助系统收敛到最终稳定状态
步骤6:输入模糊化。分别设定估计吞吐量,缓存视频余量和缓存变化量的隶属模糊子集和隶属函数,根据各个参数表现的物理意义,将其模糊子集分别设定为{偏小,中等,偏大},{偏小,适中,偏大},{剧烈下降,下降,平稳,上升},其隶属函数由经验设定,并通过大量实验进行调节,本发明最终选用三角和梯形隶属函数分别对应三个输入,参见图3,图4,图5,根据以上步骤得到三输入的精确值,对应隶属函数图形得到各个输入的模糊化结果,即各个输入变量相对于其各个模糊子集的隶属程度
步骤7:确定模糊规则。模糊规则确立的基本原则为,当吞吐量偏大且缓存中视频余量较多时,将申请视频质量等级指示参数调高,以提供用户尽可能高的视频质量。当吞吐量较小且缓存中视频余量较少时,应降低申请视频质量等级指示参数,防止出现视频播放中断。
步骤8:由于客户端缓存一般有限,尤其对于移动终端,内存十分有限。客户终端设备会根据实际情况设定缓存上限,为防止不间断申请造成缓存视频余量超过缓存上限造成溢出,输出设置申请视频延时指示参数,其主要设计思想为当缓存中视频余量较多时,则延时向服务器端申请下一切片的行为,以防止缓存发生溢出,依照当前缓存中视频余量多少设定申请延时长短。
步骤9:设定模糊推理机。本发明选用“或”规则对各个规则进行统一,得到最终模糊化输出结果。
步骤10:输出解模糊。确定解模糊规则,本发明选用重心法对输出模糊结果进行解模糊,得到申请视频质量指示参数和申请视频延时指示参数最终精确输出。
步骤11:根据申请视频质量指示参数决定最终下一切片视频质量等级选择,根据视频延时指示参数决定下一视频切片申请发起时间。
步骤12:等待知道切片下载完成,重复上步骤3-11,直到切片全部下载完成。

Claims (1)

1.一种基于模糊控制的视频质量自适应控制方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:设计三输入两输出模糊控制器:其中,
(1)三输入分别为估计吞吐量,客户端缓存中的视频余量和缓存变化量,输出为申请视频质量等级指示参数和申请视频延时指示参数;
(2)分别设定估计吞吐量,客户端缓存中的视频余量和缓存变化量的隶属模糊子集和隶属函数,根据各个参数表现的物理意义,将其模糊子集分别设定为{偏小,中等,偏大},{偏小,适中,偏大},{剧烈下降,下降,平稳,上升},其隶属函数分别选用三角、梯形和三角隶属函数;
(3)确定模糊规则,模糊规则确立的基本原则为:当吞吐量偏大且缓存中视频余量较多时,将申请视频质量等级指示参数调高,以提供用户尽可能高的视频质量;当吞吐量较小且缓存中视频余量较少时,降低申请视频质量等级指示参数,防止出现视频播放中断;
(4)设定模糊推理机,选用“或”规则对各个规则进行统一;
(5)选用重心法对输出模糊结果进行解模糊;
步骤2:客户端向服务器申请媒体描述文件,了解服务器端视频存储情况;
步骤3:进入初始缓存阶段,由于网络环境未知,先向服务器端申请最低质量视频,以使初始延时最短,当缓存达到设定值,进入缓存稳定阶段,启动基于模糊控制的自适应控制;
步骤4:计算估计吞吐量:根据切片下载速度,计算网络吞吐量,并根据计算得网络吞吐量,估计下一切片下载时网络吞吐量;
步骤5:计算缓存中视频余量:根据申请视频比特率,网络吞吐量及前一切片下载完成时缓存中视频余量,计算缓存中视频余量;
步骤6:计算缓存变化量:计算当前缓存余量与前一切片下载完成时缓存余量的差值,作为缓存变化量;
步骤7:对输入进行模糊化:根据以上步骤得到三输入的精确值,对应隶属函数图形得到各个输入的模糊化结果,即各个输入变量相对于其各个模糊子集的隶属程度;
步骤8:建立输入与输出关系,对输出进行解模糊,得到申请视频质量等级指示参数和申请视频延时指示参数模糊化输出结果;
步骤9:根据得到申请视频质量指示参数确定下一切片申请视频切片质量等级,根据申请视频延时指示参数确定下一切片视频申请开始时间。
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