CN106208958B - Photovoltaic module hot spot online test method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module hot spot online test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106208958B CN106208958B CN201610540171.2A CN201610540171A CN106208958B CN 106208958 B CN106208958 B CN 106208958B CN 201610540171 A CN201610540171 A CN 201610540171A CN 106208958 B CN106208958 B CN 106208958B
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot online test method, impedance on-line checking function is integrated into photovoltaic component terminal box, without considering the physical process of cell photoelectric conversion, changed by the output parameter for observing photovoltaic module, the impedance operator of photovoltaic module is monitored on-line.Amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic of the impedance extraction method based on impedance in the present invention, by injecting AC ripple electric current, extract response, calculate its result, obtain impedance magnitude and phase, the alternating-current parameter feature of photovoltaic module is analyzed, issuable hot spot effect is prejudged, and provide the early warning of active.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of photovoltaic power generation, more particularly to a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot online test method.
Background technology
In photovoltaic generating system, due to being influenceed by factors such as natural conditions, environmental pollutions, part electrification component is light
Volt assembly surface is blocked, and the component being blocked is changed into load in series loop by energy source, absorbs remaining normal work
Electric energy caused by the photovoltaic module of work.The electric energy of absorption is dissipated on the component being blocked in the form of heat energy, so that
Local heat source is formed in photovoltaic generating system, this phenomenon is commonly known as hot spot, while this is also to produce hot spot phenomenon the most
Chief reason.Hot spot phenomenon can reduce the power output of photovoltaic module, and the aging and decline of acceleration component, so as to cause light
The power that photovoltaic generating system is sent gradually is decayed.Blocked to avoid energy caused by the photovoltaic module of normal work
Component is consumed, and the passive type means of defence being widely adopted at present is the positive and negative interpolar parallel diode in series arm,
Hot spot provides another current path, and referred to as bypass diode when occurring.But bypass diode can only be in hot spot failure
Weaken the influence of the local pyrexia brought of hot spot effect after occurring, the influence of hot spot effect can not be prevented completely, and not
Energy active detecting simultaneously prevents hot spot effect generation.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot online test method, utilization are existing
Photovoltaic component terminal box, integrate hot spot detection function, form photovoltaic module composite control apparatus.Composite control apparatus is by dividing
The amplitude-frequency characteristic of photovoltaic module parameter is analysed, obtains the parasitic parameter state of photovoltaic battery panel, and utilize hot spot failure and photovoltaic electric
The corresponding relation of pond plate parasitic parameter, issuable hot spot phenomenon is prejudged, and provide early warning.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of photovoltaic module hot spot online test method, it is characterised in that：MPPT is set to control in the output end of photovoltaic module
Circuit processed and impedance on-line measuring device, the output voltage of photovoltaic module is adjusted by MPPT control circuits, it is online by impedance
Detection means detects the impedance operator of photovoltaic module, draws the impedance Bode diagram of photovoltaic module, reaches and judges photovoltaic module heat
The spot purpose that a situation arises, the impedance on-line measuring device include current/voltage controller, circuit topology module, simulation number
Word modular converter, filtration module and impedance on-line checking module, the detection method of the photovoltaic module hot spot on-line measuring device
Including following detecting step：
The output voltage of step (1), MPPT control circuits regulation photovoltaic module, makes photovoltaic module be operated in maximum work
Rate point, circuit topology module provide the equivalent-circuit model of photovoltaic module；
The output current and output voltage of step (2), analog-digital converter processing photovoltaic module, simulation numeral turn
Parallel operation carries out voltage signal analog-to-digital conversion and current signal analog-to-digital conversion using alpha-beta static coordinate system, d-q dynamic coordinate systems；
Step (3), by current/voltage controller to circuit topology module inject ac current ripple, alternating current flow liner
The voltage and current value of ripple is calculated by impedance on-line checking module；
Step (4), the response according to caused by injecting ac current ripple in circuit topology module, by impedance on-line checking mould
Block calculates the impedance magnitude and phase of photovoltaic module, obtains the impedance Bode diagram of photovoltaic module, judges the hot spot of photovoltaic module
A situation arises for effect.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the equivalent circuit impedance of photovoltaic module in the step (4) is：
Wherein, Z be impedance, ω be frequency, RsFor series resistance, LsFor series inductance, RpFor equivalent parallel resistance, CpFor
Equivalent parallel electric capacity.
Preferably, the outside of the photovoltaic module is additionally provided with communication module and additional function modules, communication module is used for
The communication between background monitoring main frame is realized, MPPT control circuits and impedance on-line measuring device are all connected with communication module, institute
Stating the detection method of photovoltaic module hot spot on-line measuring device also includes step (5)：The MPPT control circuits and impedance are online
Detection means carries out data communication by communication module and background monitoring main frame.
Preferably, the MPPT control circuits and impedance on-line measuring device are arranged in the terminal box of photovoltaic module.
Impedance on-line checking function is integrated into photovoltaic component terminal box by the present invention, without considering cell photoelectric conversion
Physical process, changed by the output parameter for observing photovoltaic module, the impedance operator of photovoltaic module is monitored on-line.This hair
Amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic of the impedance extraction method based on impedance in bright, by injecting AC ripple electric current, are extracted
Response, calculate as a result, obtain impedance magnitude and phase, the alternating-current parameter feature of photovoltaic module is analyzed, to issuable heat
Spot effect is prejudged, and provides the early warning of active.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the present invention has the following technical effect that：The present invention is existing by using being integrated in
Having has the photovoltaic module composite control apparatus of hot spot detection function in photovoltaic component terminal box, analyze the exchange ginseng of photovoltaic module
Number feature, is prejudged, and provide the early warning of active to issuable hot spot effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic cell equivalent-circuit model；
Fig. 3 is AC small signal equivalent circuit model；
Fig. 4 is ac impedance characteristic figure.
Embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step beyond, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification, unless specifically stated otherwise, can be equivalent by other or with similar purpose
Alternative features are replaced.I.e., unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics
.
A kind of photovoltaic module hot spot online test method as shown in Figure 1, MPPT is set to control in the output end of photovoltaic module
Circuit processed and impedance on-line measuring device, the output voltage of photovoltaic module is adjusted by MPPT control circuits, it is online by impedance
Detection means detects the impedance operator of photovoltaic module, draws the impedance Bode diagram of photovoltaic module, reaches and judges photovoltaic module heat
The spot purpose that a situation arises, the impedance on-line measuring device include current/voltage controller, circuit topology module, simulation number
Word modular converter, filtration module and impedance on-line checking module, the outside of photovoltaic module are additionally provided with communication module and additional function
Module, communication module are used to realize the communication between background monitoring main frame, MPPT control circuits and impedance on-line measuring device
Communication module is all connected with, the detection method of the photovoltaic module hot spot on-line measuring device includes following detecting step：
The output voltage of step (1), MPPT control circuits regulation photovoltaic module, makes photovoltaic module be operated in maximum work
Rate point, circuit topology module provide the equivalent-circuit model of photovoltaic module；
The output current and output voltage of step (2), analog-digital converter processing photovoltaic module, simulation numeral turn
Parallel operation carries out voltage signal analog-to-digital conversion and current signal analog-to-digital conversion using alpha-beta static coordinate system, d-q dynamic coordinate systems；
Step (3), by current/voltage controller to circuit topology module inject ac current ripple, alternating current flow liner
The voltage and current value of ripple is calculated by impedance on-line checking module；
Step (4), the response according to caused by injecting ac current ripple in circuit topology module, by impedance on-line checking mould
Block calculates the impedance magnitude and phase of photovoltaic module, obtains the impedance Bode diagram of photovoltaic module, judges the hot spot of photovoltaic module
A situation arises for effect；
Step (5), the MPPT control circuits and impedance on-line measuring device pass through communication module and background monitoring main frame
Carry out data communication.
The operation principle of the photovoltaic module hot spot online test method of the present invention is described as follows：Because photovoltaic cell is by going here and there simultaneously
Join resistance and shunt capacitance composition, be biased that voltage, illumination, temperature influence.Under MPPT controls, component, which produces hot spot, to be caused
The change of parasitic parameter, the parasitic capacitance for being mainly reflected in photovoltaic module reduce and dead resistance increase.By detection 10~
The size of 70kHz frequency range internal impedance amplitudes can analyze dead resistance parameter and parasitic capacitance parameter.
Wherein, the change of dead resistance parameter is embodied in the low-frequency range of impedance magnitude characteristic curve, parasitic capacitance parameter
Change is embodied in the Mid Frequency of impedance magnitude characteristic curve.Photovoltaic cell model is established, to its impedance in the range of certain frequency
Characteristic is analyzed, and compares these features under different illumination conditions.It is photovoltaic cell equivalent circuit mould as shown in Figure 2
Type, Fig. 3 are AC small signal equivalent circuit models.
Photovoltaic cell is substantially a PN junction, can be modeled by elements such as resistance, electric capacity, inductance, photoelectric current sources,
Equivalent-circuit model with reverse bias voltage is as shown in Figure 2.Small-signal analysis is carried out to it, ignore DC component (current source,
Voltage source, diode), AC small signal equivalent circuit model is as shown in figure 3, wherein RsFor series resistance, LsFor series inductance,
RpFor equivalent parallel resistance, CpFor equivalent parallel electric capacity.If frequency is ω, then the calculation formula of equivalent circuit impedance is：
Ac impedance characteristic can be represented with Bode diagram, as shown in figure 4, each parameter in circuit model can correspond to
Different zones in Bode diagram.Low frequency range corresponds to Rs+Rp, impedance angle is 0 °；Intermediate frequency zone corresponds to Cp, impedance value raises with frequency
And reduce, impedance angle shifts to -90 °；At resonant frequency, impedance value Rs, impedance angle passes through 0 °；High frequency region corresponds to Ls, impedance value
Raise and increase with frequency, impedance angle shifts to 90 °.Assuming that RsAnd LsRelative constancy, CpAnd RpValue can be with illumination, temperature, biasing
Voltage and change.Work as RpDuring value changes, resistance value shows the low frequency range of Bode diagram, i.e. 1~10kHz scopes also with change
Interior, amplitude-versus-frequency curve moves up and down therewith.Work as CpDuring value changes, the intermediate frequency zone of Bode diagram, i.e., in the range of 10~1000kHz,
Amplitude-versus-frequency curve moves left and right therewith, shows as CpValue increase, curve move to left, CpValue reduces, and curve moves to right.Phase-frequency characteristic is bent
Line also can be with CpValue changes and move left and right, but still by LsWith the influence of resistance value.
Intrinsic dead resistance and parasitic capacitance be present due to the physical characteristic of material in photovoltaic module, by external environment condition,
The parameter of the influence of working condition and component health status (aging), dead resistance and parasitic capacitance may occur therewith
Change.By experimental study, the presence of the parasitic parameter of normal operating conditions and the component under hot spot state is more bright
Aobvious difference.The dead resistance and parasitic capacitance of photovoltaic module are respectively in the low-frequency range and medium-high frequency segment body of its impedance operator
It is existing.Therefore by being monitored respectively to the low-frequency impedance characteristic and medium-high frequency impedance operator of photovoltaic module, and result is made
To analyze the foundation of photovoltaic module parasitic parameter, and then realize the detection to the state of solar cell module.
MPPT control circuits and impedance on-line measuring device in the present invention are arranged in the terminal box of photovoltaic module, are not had to
Consider the physical process of cell photoelectric conversion, changed by the output parameter for observing photovoltaic module, analyze the accurate of impedance detection
Property, the present invention in amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic of the impedance extraction method based on impedance, by injecting AC ripple electric current,
Extract response, calculate as a result, obtain impedance magnitude and phase, the alternating-current parameter feature of photovoltaic module is analyzed, to that may produce
Raw hot spot effect is prejudged, and provides the early warning of active.
The invention is not limited in foregoing embodiment.The present invention, which expands to, any in this manual to be disclosed
New feature or any new combination, and disclose any new method or process the step of or any new combination.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. photovoltaic module hot spot online test method, it is characterised in that：MPPT is set to control in the output end of photovoltaic module Circuit and impedance on-line measuring device, the output voltage of photovoltaic module is adjusted by MPPT control circuits, is examined online by impedance The impedance operator of device detection photovoltaic module is surveyed, the impedance Bode diagram of photovoltaic module is drawn, reaches and judge photovoltaic module hot spot The purpose that a situation arises, the impedance on-line measuring device include current/voltage controller, circuit topology module, simulation numeral Modular converter, filtration module and impedance on-line checking module, the detection method bag of the photovoltaic module hot spot on-line measuring device Include following detecting step：The output voltage of step (1), MPPT control circuits regulation photovoltaic module, makes photovoltaic module be operated in peak power Point, circuit topology module provide the equivalent-circuit model of photovoltaic module；The output current and output voltage of step (2), analog-digital converter processing photovoltaic module, analog-digital converter Voltage signal analog-to-digital conversion and current signal analog-to-digital conversion are carried out using alpha-beta static coordinate system, d-q dynamic coordinate systems；Step (3), by current/voltage controller to circuit topology module inject ac current ripple, ac current ripple Voltage and current value is calculated by impedance on-line checking module；Step (4), the response according to caused by injecting ac current ripple in circuit topology module, by impedance on-line checking module meter The impedance magnitude and phase of photovoltaic module are calculated, obtains the impedance Bode diagram of photovoltaic module, judges the hot spot effect of photovoltaic module A situation arises.
- 2. according to a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot online test method in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (4) The calculation formula of equivalent circuit impedance of photovoltaic module be：<mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&omega;R</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&omega;R</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&omega;R</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mrow>Wherein, Z be impedance, ω be frequency, RsFor series resistance, LsFor series inductance, RpFor equivalent parallel resistance, CpFor it is equivalent simultaneously Join electric capacity.
- 3. according to a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot online test method in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The photovoltaic module Outside is additionally provided with communication module and additional function modules, and communication module is used to realize the communication between background monitoring main frame, MPPT control circuits and impedance on-line measuring device are all connected with communication module, the inspection of the photovoltaic module hot spot on-line measuring device Survey method also includes step (5)：The MPPT control circuits and impedance on-line measuring device pass through communication module and background monitoring Main frame carries out data communication.
- 4. according to a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot online test method in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The MPPT controls electricity Road and impedance on-line measuring device are arranged in the terminal box of photovoltaic module.
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| CN108267639B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2020-02-21 | 清华大学 | Method for measuring parallel resistance of solar cell based on alternating current impedance test |
| CN111579877B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-11-18 | 厦门科华数能科技有限公司 | Parasitic capacitance detection circuit and detection method |
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