CN106208313A - House energy resource system with hydrogen burning based on electrolysis - Google Patents

House energy resource system with hydrogen burning based on electrolysis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106208313A
CN106208313A CN201610359358.2A CN201610359358A CN106208313A CN 106208313 A CN106208313 A CN 106208313A CN 201610359358 A CN201610359358 A CN 201610359358A CN 106208313 A CN106208313 A CN 106208313A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
electric current
photovoltaic
house
memorizer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610359358.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
D.斯泰纳
K.维伯
A.尤茨
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of CN106208313A publication Critical patent/CN106208313A/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/005Hot-water central heating systems combined with solar energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10Photovoltaic [PV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Abstract

The present invention is content for the method utilizing heat energy to supply house, and described content has following method step: produce electric current (21) by photovoltaic apparatus;By photovoltaic the electric current that produces produce molecular hydrogen (22) by electrolysis water;Storage hydrogen (23);And by the hydrogen that burning stores, meet demand real estate heat energy (24).In addition the present invention also includes device, utilizes described device to be capable of this method.

Description

House energy resource system with hydrogen burning based on electrolysis
Technical field
The present invention relates to the use of the heat energy by hydrogen combusted and supply house, the described hydrogen time, the upper electric current independently passed through with demand from photovoltaic apparatus by electrolysis generation and was kept in.
Background technology
A lot of houses have had photovoltaic apparatus, utilize described photovoltaic apparatus to convert solar energy into electric current.But such equipment is only capable of the too small self-demand partly covering house, because the electric current produced produces, the most exactly if it is also required.Current memory has been only capable of little auxiliary at this, because described current memory is only capable of at present for little amount of storage (< 10 KWh) available.The most such system does not the most have the connection to hot water preparing portion, because this can make extra warm water reservoir necessitate.
As an alternative, there is solar energy heat collection equipment, sunlight utilizes described solar energy heat collection equipment to add hot water, and described water stores subsequently.Such equipment needs loaded down with trivial details installing and the warm water reservoir of big volume.
Heat pump presents other the probability using regenerated energy, utilizes described heat pump by heat exchange such as underground heat for house energy supply, and wherein heat pump utilizes gas or electric current to run.
It addition, house energy device is the most under development, utilizes described house energy device to realize energy based on the water electrolysis storage with hydrogen as form, reflux in a fuel cell after described hydrogen.Such system also shall not be applied to the heat supply in house.
Corresponding to the bill of European Union, should build in " surplus energy house " from 2018, described " surplus energy house " is produced by the reproducible energy and consumes more energy than it the most again.For existing house, the energy proportion coming from regenerative resource should at least be improved.The present invention have studied this challenge.
Summary of the invention
The present invention set for for utilize heat energy supply house method, described method light is thrown oneself on the ground obtain energy use with using energy store combine as hydrogen.It is scheduled that below step:
-produce electric current by photovoltaic apparatus,
-by photovoltaic the electric current that produces produce molecular hydrogen by electrolysis water,
-storage hydrogen and
-by the hydrogen stored that burns, meet demand real estate heat amount.
The other aspect of the present invention is to utilize the device in heat energy supply house, and described device has a following assembly:
-current joint, described current joint is constructed and is designed for receive the electric current produced by photovoltaic apparatus;
-electrolyzer, current electroanalysis ground decomposition water that described cell configuration and being designed for produces with utilizing photovoltaic and produce molecular hydrogen as energy carrier;
-internal hydrogen memorizer and/or hydrogen joint, described hydrogen memorizer and/or hydrogen joint set the hydrogen memorizer for filling or outside emptying;
-gas fired-boiler, described gas fired-boiler constructs and is designed for by burning from the hydrogen of hydrogen memorizer, adds hot water with meeting demand, for the use in house;
-for taking the joint of the water of heating.
Invention advantage
Utilize and can not rely on the time of photovoltaic apparatus offer electric current during every day according to assembly of the invention and do not provide the time of electric current to cover the hot water demand to house.
The application of the invention, the self-energy using portion in house can significantly increase.Described device is compact and compares solar energy heat collection equipment and need not install the circuit of insulation and big warm water reservoir loaded down with trivial detailsly.Amount to less according to the mounting cost of the equipment of the present invention, and described equipment can be designed as non-maintaining by the measure in terms of suitable professional to a great extent.
The advantage that the implementation type of the device that claimed method claims in other words provides other.
Photovoltaic apparatus and the photovoltaic apparatus both deposited on existing building can supply electrolyzer, if necessary through DC/DC transducer.
In an advantageous manner, carrying out in the metal hydride storage being stored in inside of hydrogen, described metal hydride storage needs the least volume for this.
The burning of hydrogen is carried out in an advantageous manner in gas fired-boiler.When using for the memorizer of condensed water of gas fired-boiler, electrolyzer so can utilize pure water supply in the loop of Guan Bi, thus purify for it in an advantageous manner and supplement and only need little expense.
Even if natural gas joint too small electric current at photovoltaic apparatus can also ensure the hot water supply in house in an advantageous manner when producing (such as winter, cloudy), through described natural gas joint, natural gas can be mixed hydrogen to be combusted.As an alternative, with regard to this, joint can be set for being obtained electric current by public electric wire net, described electrical network addedly supply electrolyzer through AC/DC transducer.When natural gas joint is unavailable, this is particularly advantageous, and it provides extra advantage, i.e. hydrogen and thus condensed water can not be contaminated by the ingredient of natural gas.
When the photovoltaic electric improved miscarries raw (summer, fine day) or when the house caloric requirement reduced, a part for the electric current that photovoltaic ground produces can export to public electrical network.Especially when a lot of such equipment operationally, the most advantageously, the operation of power networks person supported with the data cube computation of equipment in view of respective house to the demand of heat energy with in the case of the compactedness of the memorizer of hydrogen, produce the share (described electric current is fed to public electrical network) of electric current with recalling photovoltaic with can meeting demand, thus described electric current can cover the part of peak demand for electrical network in this form during every day.Operation of power networks person can return in the period little for electrical energy demands subsequently and supply this magnitude of current recalled, such as the heating to house in the winter, and thus produced by the electric current being used for electrical network and match with the demand fluctuated during every day.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the explanatory view of the method for utilizing heat energy supply house according to the form of implementation of the present invention;And
Fig. 2 is the explanatory view of the device for utilizing heat energy supply house according to other implementation type of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 illustrates method, and described method is the basis of the present invention.Utilizing heat energy supply house is to produce electric current (step 21) from sunray based on by photovoltaic apparatus.In the second step, by photovoltaic the electric current that produces carried out the generation (step 22) of molecular hydrogen by electrolysis water.Hydrogen is stored (step 23) and heat is produced the hydrogen (step 24) stored by burning with meeting demand and carries out.
Extra method step can provide extra advantage.
By mixing natural gas to be used for producing the combustion process (step 25) of heat (step 24), it is possible to prepare especially for situations below, i.e. in specific season and/or through observation in the whole year, sunray is insufficient for heat demand.As the replacement scheme to this, it is possible to obtained energy (step 26) by public electrical network, described energy is used in electrolysis water (step 22) extraly.
Energy unwanted, that be given by photovoltaic apparatus can export on public electrical network (step 27) in the form of electric current.
Fig. 2 illustrates the embodiment with device as form of the present invention, and described device achieves these method steps.
Described device utilizes electric current to supply through joint 2, such as electric current produced by photovoltaic apparatus 1.If necessary, this electric current supplies electrolyzer 9 through DC/DC transducer 3, and water conservancy is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen with described electrolyzer.As energy carrier, hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen memorizer 10 of inside.As additional project or replacement scheme, joint 11 can be provided for the hydrogen memorizer 12 of outside.Memorizer as special small size can arrange metal hydride storage, and it is also possible for being the most such as stored into hydrogen bottle.
Metal hydride technology is favourable in this case because it makes under lower pressure level (< 3 Mpa=30 bar), hydrogen be stored in and taking-up is possibly realized, and conventional sense to sealing is unnecessary subsequently.
The hydrogen stored is for heating the water of required heat, and way is: described hydrogen burns in gas fired-boiler 13.Heat water through joint 16 feed house 17 hot-water heating system (kitchen, shower portion, bathroom, heating installation etc.) in.Because following probability, i.e. utilize gas fired-boiler 13 to meet the water of demand real estate heat, then this hot-water heating system the most only needs to store feasible program in little scope.Being common prior art for this required installation, special check and accept (Spezialabnahme) is unnecessary.
The hot water produced through joint 16 also is able to the heating for supplementing house 17 in addition.
The condensed water generated in gas fired-boiler can be received and be imported electrolyzer 9 through memorizer 14 such that it is able to obtain Guan Bi, reduced-maintenance water loop.According to the technology of electrolyzer, the least electric conductivity of water is necessary.This electric conductivity can be maintained in constant low-level by installation ion exchanger cartridge or electrodeionization unit in an ideal way, and latter of which contributes to reducing the maintenance cost of all systems, because the replacing of cartridge is unnecessary subsequently.
For situations below, i.e. photovoltaic apparatus 1 does not exports enough energy, such as in the case of cloudy when short daytime in winter or in the case of little photovoltaic apparatus, it is possible to be provided for the joint 15 of natural gas, extra energy demand can be covered through described joint.As an alternative, it is also possible to obtained electric current by public electrical network through joint 8, described joint is utilized to supply electrolyzer 9 extraly through AC/DC transducer 7.
If photovoltaic apparatus 1 provides the required more electric current of ratio, such as at the summer day that long sunlight is abundant, it is possible to arranged so, i.e. this share of electric current is given to public electrical network through DC/AC transducer 4 and joint 5.
For operation of power networks person, the most advantageously, when described operation of power networks person can use the hydrogen storage feasible program within house in the following manner: when the most described operation of power networks person recalls this electric current exceeded the quata during every day in the case of the peak requirements to electric energy, first it is considered that, hydrogen memorizer has sufficiently filling all the time, in order to cover the demand that house can appreciate that.Memorizer is the biggest, and this point preferably completes.In order to be exchanged for the information of this necessity, it is possible to according to arranging data cube computation 6 between assembly of the invention and operation of power networks person.
Further teardown phase even it can be considered that be, operation of power networks person uses described hydrogen to store feasible program, to eliminate electric current supply peak value abnormal during every day, such as being produced by the electric current of wind power plant in the case of unexpected high wind.This can occur the most in the following manner, the most such electric current provides peak value to be used for producing hydrogen, and balanced by electric current after this energy supply, described electric current due to the hydrogen memorizer that is now filled thus be really no longer necessary to, way is: in from the supply of photovoltaic apparatus electric current to electrical network.
And then, such as realize being used for the explanation of the design of the equipment according to the present invention.Assume single household house, in described single household house, provide about 55m for photovoltaic apparatus2Roof area, and in described single household house, have the family of 3-4 people.The photovoltaic module of this size has reached about 7.5 The peak power of kWp.In the case of Germany, according to geographical position and equipment towards, the energy exported as electric current by photovoltaic apparatus every year is about calculated as 1200 kWh/kWp.Therefore observed photovoltaic apparatus creates the energy of about 9000 kWh with direct current form.
This current coupling is in a device in accordance with the invention.If the energy content of 9000 kWh of electrolyzer changes into hydrogen with the efficiency of 75%, then this is corresponding to the energy of annual 6750 kWh.But, the used heat produced in this case can be used at least partially for preheating hot water, and this improves the efficiency of equipment generally.Hydrogen is kept in and is utilized when heating needs the efficiency of 90% to burn in gas fired-boiler for the water producing heat.The energy content of annual 6100 kWh is retained with the form of water of heating, in view of hot water and the demand of heating, described energy enough cover have 3-4 people family, with the house of passive house foundation.
Have the volume of about 10 l according to the electrolyzer of prior art, described electrolyzer can process the peak power (8 kW) of photovoltaic apparatus safely.Necessary H2Memory size is about 50 KWh exports (summer, cloudless) corresponding to the energy of the photovoltaic apparatus of the most maximum considered every day.As metal hydride storage, such memorizer has the volume less than 40 l.When alternatively using 200 bar pressure bottle, need the bottle of two 50 l, and for the extra compressor of hydrogen time possible.As the size of warm water reservoir, it is common for 4 people family about 100 to 200 l.Generally, the system (such as solar energy heat collection equipment) of the similar power that such equipment compares other has little volume.

Claims (16)

1., for the method utilizing heat energy supply house, it has a following methods step:
Electric current (21) is produced by photovoltaic apparatus (1);
By photovoltaic the electric current that produces produce molecular hydrogen (22) by electrolysis water;
Storage hydrogen (23);And
The hydrogen stored by burning, meets demand real estate heat amount (24).
The most in accordance with the method for claim 1, wherein, photovoltaic devices (1) is through DC/DC transducer (3) supply electrolyzer (9).
3. during according to the method described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, hydrogen is stored in metal hydride storage (10).
4., according to the method according to any one of Claim 1-3, wherein the burning of hydrogen is carried out in gas fired-boiler (13).
The most in accordance with the method for claim 4, wherein, the condensed water of gas fired-boiler (13) leads back to electrolyzer (9) through memorizer (14) in the loop of Guan Bi.
6. according to the method according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, utilize extra first step (25) when the electric current of the photovoltaic reduced produces or when the house caloric requirement improved to there being hydrogen to be combusted to mix natural gas.
7. according to the method according to any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein, utilize extra second step (26) when the electric current of the photovoltaic reduced produces or addedly utilize the electric current from public electric wire net to supply electrolyzer through AC/DC transducer when the house caloric requirement improved.
8. a part for the electric current according to the method according to any one of claim 1 to 7, wherein, utilizing extra third step (27) when the electric current of the photovoltaic improved produces or to produce when the house caloric requirement reduced to public electric wire net output photovoltaic.
The most in accordance with the method for claim 8, wherein, when considering the compactedness of the house (17) needs to heat energy and the memorizer for hydrogen (10,12), operation of power networks person produces the share of electric current with meeting demand with recalling photovoltaic, and described electric current is fed in public electric wire net.
10. it is used for utilizing the device of heat energy supply house (17), has:
Current joint (2), described current joint constructs and is designed for receive the electric current produced by photovoltaic apparatus (1);
Electrolyzer (9), current electroanalysis ground decomposition water that described cell configuration and being designed for produces with utilizing photovoltaic and produce molecular hydrogen as energy carrier;
Internal hydrogen memorizer (10) and/or hydrogen joint (11), described hydrogen memorizer and/or hydrogen joint set the hydrogen memorizer (12) for filling or outside emptying;
Gas fired-boiler (13), described gas fired-boiler is constructed and is designed for: by burning from the hydrogen of hydrogen memorizer (10,12), add hot water with meeting demand, for the use in house (17);And
For taking the joint (16) of heated water.
11. according to the device described in claim 10, have the memorizer (14) of the condensed water for gas fired-boiler (13) in addition, described memorizer is so connected with electrolyzer (9) so that condensed water supplies electrolyzer (9).
12. according to the device described in claim 10 or 11, have natural gas joint (15), in addition through described natural gas joint, it is possible to mix natural gas to hydrogen to be combusted or can temporarily pass through substitute gas hydrogen.
13. according to the device according to any one of claim 10 to 12, and with the first electric connection (8), the electric current from public electric wire net can supply electrolyzer (9) through AC/DC transducer (7) extraly through described electric connection.
14. according to the device according to any one of claim 10 to 13, with the second electric connection (5), the part from the electric current of photovoltaic apparatus (1) can be fed in public electrical network through DC/AC transducer (4) through described electric connection.
15. according to the device described in claim 14, in addition with the data cube computation (6) towards operation of power networks person, described data cube computation is constructed so as to and designs, making operation of power networks person when considering that heat energy is needed by house (17) and consider to produce with recalling photovoltaic with can meeting demand during the compactedness of memorizer (10,12) for hydrogen the share of electric current further, described electric current is fed in public electric wire net.
16. according to the device according to any one of claim 10 to 15, and wherein, hydrogen memorizer is metal hydride storage.
CN201610359358.2A 2015-05-29 2016-05-27 House energy resource system with hydrogen burning based on electrolysis Pending CN106208313A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015209875.3A DE102015209875A1 (en) 2015-05-29 2015-05-29 House energy system with electrolysis-based hydrogen combustion
DE102015209875.3 2015-05-29

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CN113007771A (en) * 2021-05-06 2021-06-22 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Hydrogen storage and heating dual-cycle heat storage and supply device

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