CN106207317A - A kind of metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream - Google Patents
A kind of metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream Download PDFInfo
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- CN106207317A CN106207317A CN201610838802.9A CN201610838802A CN106207317A CN 106207317 A CN106207317 A CN 106207317A CN 201610838802 A CN201610838802 A CN 201610838802A CN 106207317 A CN106207317 A CN 106207317A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream.It is made up of metal air fuel cell and two blocks of additional permanent magnets, produces electric field between anode pole plate and negative plates, produces magnetic field between two blocks of Magnet.Under orthogonal electric field and the action of a magnetic field, ion in battery electrolyte inside is moved by under electric field force and Lorentz force effect, under hydration of ion and electrolyte stickiness effect, ion band moves electrolyte movement, thus form the directed flow of electrolyte, or accelerate product away from electrode surface.Can reduce electric pump power based on magnetic control Flow Technique or eliminating electric pump, strengthen electrolyte effect of mass transmitting in the present invention, promotes electrolyte flow concordance, weakens electrolyte and wash away electrode catalyst layer, therefore can improve battery operated efficiency and reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal air fuel cell, particularly to a kind of metal sky driving electrolyte with magnetic control Flow Technique
Pneumoelectric pond.
Background technology
Along with progress and the raising of people's living standard of science and technology, the demand of the energy is increased by mankind's activity day by day,
The especially fast development of electric automobile is that battery proposes great demand and challenge.Lithium ion battery and pem fuel
Battery is as two big routes of current power development of automobile, but lithium battery automobile storage is short at course continuation mileage and charging interval length, matter
There is hydrogen storage and carry the shortcoming such as difficulty and hydrogenation stations scarcity in proton exchange film fuel cell, it promote the wider application and is also faced with relatively
Big technical barrier.
In recent years, the development of metal air fuel cell (or referred to as metal-air battery) causes extensive concern, and it utilizes
Chemical energy is directly translated into electric energy output by the active metals such as metallic aluminium, magnesium, zinc and oxygen electrochemical reaction in battery.By
In active metals such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, there is the highest energy density, and store safety easy to carry, therefore metal air fuel electricity
Pond may be used for the multiple occasions such as individual soldier's power supply, stand-by power supply, electric automobile.Phenergy company of Israel achieves aluminum air
The demonstrating running of FC-EV 1600km, Tesla (CS) Koncern, Podebradska 186, Praha 9, Czechoslovakia (Tesla) patent shows that it is also at metal air fuel
Battery aspect conducts a research, and enterprise and the research institutions such as letter, Air China head's power, Dalian Chemical Physics Research Institute are won in domestic Shanghai
All carrying out correlational study.
The electrochemical reaction of metal air fuel cell following (M refers to the metallic elements such as Al, Mg, Zn, and n is numeral):
Negative pole: M+nOH → M (OH) n+ne–
Positive pole: O2+H2O+4e–→4OH–
Overall reaction: 4M+nO2+2nH2O→4M(OH)n
In metal air fuel cell (or referred to as metal-air battery), electrochemical reaction occurs at electrode surface, instead
The mass transport process answering thing and product causes and there is concentration polarization in electrochemical reaction.Reduce concentration polarization, combustion can be improved
The maximal work electric current density of material battery, thus improve rated power density and battery operated efficiency.Additionally, metal fuel battery
Middle product is likely to be formed passivation layer in electrode surface accumulation so that electrochemical reaction is interrupted.For reducing concentration polarization and keeping away
The formation of passivation-free layer, needs to strengthen the mass transport process in electrolyte.Common method is to increase electrolyte driving means, it is achieved
The forced convertion of electrolyte.Phenergy house journal installs in battery ultrasonic disperse equipment, prevents electrode surface to be passivated
The formation of layer.In micro metal air-fuel battery, for alleviating system weight, typically no electrolyte driving means, it is dense
Difference polarization loss is relatively big, and power density and the efficiency of battery are the most relatively low.And in band large-scale metal air-fuel battery heap, electrolyte
Driving means or ultrasonic disperse equipment need to consume a certain proportion of generated output.Additionally, in large-sized battery heap, it is difficult to ensure
Electrolyte flowing concordance in each batteries and between each batteries, flows over slow regional work efficiency low, and too fast
There is souring to electrode catalyst layer in electrolyte flow, will result in battery performance rapid decay.Therefore, mass transfer enhancement process,
Reduce additional power losses and ensure a Research Challenges in electrolyte Uniform Flow, always metal air fuel cell.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to strengthen the mass transport process in metal air fuel cell electrolyte inside, or accelerate reaction
Product, away from electrode surface, reduces battery concentration polarization loss, thus promotes battery performance, and magnetic control stream can drive should be static
Electrolyte move along electrode surface direction, strengthen the mass transport process in battery electrolyte inside, reduce concentration polarization loss, thus
Promote battery performance.Additionally, when there is electric pump and driving electrolyte, the ion in electrolyte can accelerate far under the action of a magnetic field
Ionization electrode surface, it is to avoid product is gathered at electrode surface, improves battery operated efficiency.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream, described battery includes a metal air fuel cell and two
Block magnetic material, there is the electric field pointing to anode from battery cathode in inside battery, two blocks of described magnetic materials are arranged in
Two sides perpendicular with metal air fuel cell anode plate and negative plates direction, and make the magnetic of two pieces of Magnet formation
Field is mutually perpendicular to direction of an electric field.
Further, the battery pile that described metal air fuel cell is single battery or single battery is composed in series.
Further, described magnetic material includes permanent magnet, electric magnet and similar material or the dress that can produce magnetic field
Put.
Further, the cathode reactant of metal air fuel cell is metal, anode reactant be in air oxygen or
Pure oxygen, is full of electrolyte between negative plates and anode plate, described metal includes aluminum, magnesium, zinc active metal, described electrolyte
For KOH, NaOH, NaCl aqueous solution.
Further, described single-unit metal air fuel cell can be anode plug in construction, by metal negative electrode pole
The air cathode pole plate composition of plate and both sides thereof；Described single-unit metal air fuel cell can consist of serial or parallel connection
Battery pile.
Further, described metal air fuel cell can be two-plate structure, by metal negative electrode pole plate and air just
Pole pole plate composition, described single-unit metal air fuel cell can be connected into battery pile by bipolar plate structure.
Further, the electrolyte of battery does not has the drivers such as electric pump, utilize in electrolyte hydrated ion described mutually
Move in vertical magnetic field and electric field, thus drive electrolyte movement.
Further, the electrolyte of battery is driven by electric pump, and passes through valve regulating flow, it is possible to use reaction is accelerated in magnetic field
Product is away from electrode surface.
Further, battery cathode thickness is 1-5mm, and electrolyte is 2-30wt.%NaCl (mass fraction) solution, magnetic
The magnetic induction of material is 0.2-2T, and the voltage range between electrode is 0.8V～1.8V.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Utilize the electrolyte type of drive of magnetic control Flow Technique, strengthen mass-transfer of electrolyte, eliminate passivation of metal surfaces layer
And reaction zone production concentration, reduce concentration polarization, promote generating efficiency；
Magnetic control stream drives electrolyte can reduce secondary power consumption, can promote system capacity transformation efficiency；
Device is simple, it is only necessary to two blocks of permanent magnets, it is not necessary to drive the electric pump of severe corrosive electrolyte, therefore this driving side
Formula reliability is high；
Magnetic control stream can directly drive battery in the electrolyte of each conversion zone, each region or battery pile in single battery
Electrolyte flow uniformity between each batteries, has evaded electrolyte flow inequality problem when electric pump drives.
Magnetic control stream can accelerate product away from electrode surface, it is to avoid product is gathered at electrode surface, improves battery
Work efficiency.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will illustrate in the following description, and, becoming from description of part
Obtain it is clear that or understand by implementing the present invention.The purpose of the present invention and other advantages can be by the explanations write
Structure specifically noted in book, claims and accompanying drawing realizes and obtains.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is only used for illustrating the purpose of specific embodiment, and is not considered as limitation of the present invention, at whole accompanying drawing
In, identical reference marks represents identical parts.
Electric field that Fig. 1 show in the battery after the additional permanent magnet of single battery and Distribution of Magnetic Field.
Fig. 2 show single battery MHD and drives electrolyte flow schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 show battery pile MHD and drives electrolyte flow schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 show under single battery MHD driving effect enhancing electrolyte diffusion schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 show under the driving effect of battery pile MHD enhancing electrolyte diffusion schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 show anode plug-in type battery MHD and drives lower electrolyte to form circulation schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 show anode plug-in type battery (containing electrolyte cavities) MHD and drives lower electrolyte to form circulation schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Specifically describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein, accompanying drawing constitutes the application part, and
Together with embodiments of the present invention for explaining the principle of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
As it is shown in figure 1, between the battery negative plate 1 of single battery and battery negative plate 2 when battery operated, battery
It is internally formed parallel electric field E pointing to anode plate 2 from negative plates 1.Add in battery both sides two blocks of permanent magnets (or other
Magnetic material) 3 and 4, form parallel magnetic field B between permanent magnet 3 and permanent magnet 4.Therefore, after adding two blocks of permanent magnets
Inside battery defines orthogonal electric field and magnetic field.
As in figure 2 it is shown, in cell operations, negative plates 1 Surface Creation metal cation (Mn+) 5, anode plate 2
Surface Creation hydroxide ion (OH-) 6.Metal cation 5 is driven and under Concentraton gradient driving effect towards positive pole by electric field force
Moving in pole plate 2 direction, metal cation 5 is moved upward by the Lorentz force of externally-applied magnetic field simultaneously.Therefore, electric field force,
Under the comprehensive function of Concentraton gradient and Lorentz force, metal cation 5 moves (as shown in Figure 2) towards upper right.Hydroxyl from
Son 6 is driven by electric field force and moves towards negative plates 1 direction under Concentraton gradient driving effect, and hydroxide ion 6 is subject to simultaneously
The Lorentz force of externally-applied magnetic field and move upward.Therefore, under the comprehensive function of electric field force, Concentraton gradient and Lorentz force, gold
Hydroxide ion 6 moves (as shown in Figure 2) towards upper left.Owing to the ion in electrolyte the most hydrated ion form exists,
Under hydration of ion and electrolyte stickiness effect, the motion of metal cation 5 and hydroxide ion 6 will drive electricity in battery
Solving liquid movement, according to the direction of motion of two kinds of ions, electrolyte will form the motion in unified direction, this electrolyte driving force
And drive for MHD.Utilize MHD to drive the electrolyte directed flow formed, it is possible to achieve the flowing of battery electrolyte inside, drive electricity
The electrolyte solved in liquid case 7 persistently substitutes with battery electrolyte inside, it is to avoid product (metal cation 5 and hydroxide ion
6) accumulation in battery, and strengthen the mass transport process in electrolyte, promote battery operated efficiency.The method is without external drive
Equipment, without secondary power consumption, can promote system capacity utilization ratio.
Embodiment 2:
As it is shown on figure 3, the battery pile being composed in series by a series of single batteries 15, figure is born for battery pile on the left of battery pile
Pole 13, is battery pile positive pole 14 on the right side of battery pile, adds with two side faces of battery pile negative pole 13 and positive pole 14 line vertical direction
Add two blocks of permanent magnets 3 and 4.Utilize the MHD actuation techniques in embodiment 1, it is possible to achieve by the electrolyte in electrolyte tank 10
Circulation is fed into whole battery pile.
Embodiment 3:
Permanent magnet 3 and 4 is added as shown in Figure 1 in battery both sides.As shown in Figure 4, the electrolyte of this single battery is by electricity
Pump 11 drives, and regulates flow by valve 12, and electrolyte forms top-down flowing at inside battery.In battery electrolyte inside
Metal cation 5 moved right by under the Lorentz force effect of externally-applied magnetic field, accelerate metal cation 5 away from negative plates
1；Hydroxide ion 6 by externally-applied magnetic field Lorentz force effect and to left movement, accelerate hydroxide ion 6 away from anode plate
2.The driving effect of ion can be accelerated product away from electrode surface by externally-applied magnetic field, thus reduces the reaction of electrode surface
Production concentration, reduces concentration polarization loss, thus promotes battery operated efficiency.Compared with this mode drives with tradition electric pump, can
To reduce electric pump power, slow down electrolyte flow speed, cut down the electrolyte souring to electrode surface, thus promote system
Capacity usage ratio and electrode reliability.
Embodiment 4:
As it is shown in figure 5, the battery pile being composed in series by a series of single batteries 15, figure is born for battery pile on the left of battery pile
Pole 13, is battery pile positive pole 14 on the right side of battery pile, adds with two side faces of battery pile negative pole 13 and positive pole 14 line vertical direction
Add two blocks of permanent magnets 3 and 4.The electrolyte of this single battery is driven by electric pump 11, and regulates flow by valve 12, and electrolyte exists
Inside battery forms top-down flowing.As in Example 3, the metal cation in battery pile electrolyte inside and hydrogen-oxygen
Radical ion is moved towards the direction away from pole plate, such that it is able to reduce the anti-of electrode surface by accelerating respectively under Lorentz force effect
Answer production concentration, reduce concentration polarization loss, thus promote battery operated efficiency.Compared with this mode drives with tradition electric pump,
Electric pump power can be reduced, slow down electrolyte flow speed, cut down the electrolyte souring to electrode surface, thus promote system
System capacity usage ratio and electrode reliability.
Embodiment 5:
As shown in Figure 6, anode inserted metal air cell is made up of the anode plate 8 and 9 of negative plates 10 and both sides.
Add two blocks of permanent magnets as shown in Figure 1.In Fig. 6, the metal cation 5 between negative plates 10 and anode plate 9 is by electric field
Power drives and moves towards anode plate 9 direction under Concentraton gradient driving effect, and metal cation 5 is by the Lip river of externally-applied magnetic field simultaneously
Lun Zili and move upward.Therefore, under the comprehensive function of electric field force, Concentraton gradient and Lorentz force, metal cation 5 is towards the right side
Upper direction motion (as shown in Figure 6).Hydroxide ion 6 is driven and under Concentraton gradient driving effect towards negative plates by electric field force
10 direction motions, hydroxide ion 6 is moved upward by the Lorentz force of externally-applied magnetic field simultaneously.Therefore, in electric field force, concentration
Under the comprehensive function of gradient and Lorentz force, gold hydroxide ion 6 moves (as shown in Figure 6) towards upper left.And in negative pole pole
Between plate 10 and anode plate 8 direction of motion of metal cation and hydroxide ion and negative plates 10 and anode plate 9 it
Between the direction of motion of metal cation and hydroxide ion contrary.Owing to the hydrated ion form the most of the ion in electrolyte is deposited
, under hydration of ion and electrolyte stickiness effect, the motion of metal cation 5 and hydroxide ion 6 will drive battery
Electrolyte inside moves, and according to the direction of motion of two kinds of ions, electrolyte will form the annularly flow around negative plates 10.
Fig. 7 show MHD in the anode plug-in type battery containing electrolyte cavities and drives lower electrolyte to form circulation schematic diagram,
Wherein in electrolyte cavities 16, storage has a certain amount of electrolyte.Electrolyte around negative plates 10 circulation time, in electrolyte cavities 16
Electrolyte can participate in circulating.Increase electrolyte cavities 16, battery electrolyte inside capacity can be increased, increase battery and hold
Amount.
Embodiment 6:
As it is shown in fig. 7, this metal air fuel cell is magnesium air fuel cell, comprise 10, two air electricity of magnesium electrode
Pole 8 and 9, electrolyte and be positioned at the permanent magnet of two sides of battery, wherein air electrode is as the positive pole of battery, air electricity
Spacing between pole 8 and 9 is 8mm, and magnesium electrode is as the negative pole of battery, and its thickness is 2mm, and electrolyte is 10wt.%NaCl (matter
Amount mark) solution, permanent magnet is ndfeb magnet, and two blocks of Magnet are arranged in parallel in two sides of battery, the magnetic field of generation
Direction as it is shown in fig. 7, wherein magnetic induction be 0.5T.Electricity in cell operations, between air electrode 8,9 and magnesium electrode
Pressure scope is 0.8V～1.8V, makes to exist between air electrode and magnesium electrode electric field (the electric field side in battery at this voltage
Positive pole is pointed to) to for negative pole.Therefore, under electric field and the action of a magnetic field, the OH of air electrode Surface Creation-Raw with magnesium electrode surface
The Mg become2+There is the motion in the direction of (6 in figure and 5) as shown in Figure 7.Owing to the ion in electrolyte all occurs with hydrone
Hydration, the motion of ion will drive electrolyte movement, thus produce electrolyte movement as shown by the arrows in Figure 7.Pass through
Adding the two ndfeb magnet, the peak power of battery can improve about 8%, and generating efficiency promotes about 5%.
The above, the only present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope that the invention discloses, the change that can readily occur in or replacement,
All should contain within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream, it is characterised in that described battery includes a metal-air combustion
Material battery and two blocks of magnetic materials, there are the electric field pointing to anode from battery cathode, two pieces of described magnetic in inside battery
Material is arranged in two sides perpendicular with metal air fuel cell anode plate and negative plates direction, and makes two blocks of magnetic
The magnetic field that ferrum is formed is mutually perpendicular to direction of an electric field.
2. metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described metal-air fires
The battery pile that material battery is single battery or single battery is composed in series.
3. metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described magnetic material
Material includes permanent magnet, electric magnet and similar material or the device that can produce magnetic field.
4. metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that metal-air fires
The cathode reactant of material battery is metal, and anode reactant is oxygen or pure oxygen in air, between negative plates and anode plate
Being full of electrolyte, described metal includes aluminum, magnesium, zinc active metal, and described electrolyte is KOH, NaOH, NaCl aqueous solution.
5. the metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream as described in one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described list
Joint metal air fuel cell can be anode plug in construction, by the air cathode pole plate group of metal negative electrode pole plate and both sides thereof
Become；Described single-unit metal air fuel cell can form battery pile by serial or parallel connection.
6. the metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream as described in one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described metal
Air-fuel battery can be two-plate structure, is made up of metal negative electrode pole plate and air cathode pole plate, described single-unit metal
Air-fuel battery can be connected into battery pile by bipolar plate structure.
7. the metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream as described in one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that the electricity of battery
Solve liquid and there is no the drivers such as electric pump, utilize hydrated ion in electrolyte to move in described orthogonal magnetic field and electric field, from
And drive electrolyte movement.
8. the metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream as described in one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that the electricity of battery
Solve liquid to be driven by electric pump, and pass through valve regulating flow, it is possible to use product is accelerated away from electrode surface in magnetic field.
9. the metal air fuel cell based on magnetic control stream as described in one of claim 1-8, it is characterised in that battery cathode
Thickness is 1-5mm, and electrolyte is 2-30wt.%NaCl (mass fraction) solution, and the magnetic induction of magnetic material is 0.2-2T,
Voltage range between electrode is 0.8V～1.8V.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP3399586A1 (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-07 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Metal-air battery |
| CN110783646A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2020-02-11 | 浙江工业大学 | Regulating and controlling method for lithium battery electrode |
| CN110783645A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2020-02-11 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for improving charging efficiency of secondary battery |
| CN110797589A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2020-02-14 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling battery electrolyte environment |
| CN113023836A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-25 | 陕西云禾数创信息科技有限公司 | Preparation method of composite metal ion water |
| CN113644349A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-12 | 北京理工大学 | Long-life chargeable zinc-air battery stack capable of being used for wind and solar power generation and energy storage |
| CN114284530A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-04-05 | 北京化工大学 | Battery electrolyte self-driving system |
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| CN114284530A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-04-05 | 北京化工大学 | Battery electrolyte self-driving system |
| CN114284530B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2024-08-06 | 北京化工大学 | Battery electrolyte self-driving system |
| CN113644349A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-12 | 北京理工大学 | Long-life chargeable zinc-air battery stack capable of being used for wind and solar power generation and energy storage |
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