CN106202749B - The deposition analogy method that deposition process is controlled based on datum level - Google Patents
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of deposition analogy methods controlled based on datum level deposition process, this method passes through the depositional environment of well logging, well logging and rock core information analysis crystallizing field first, with buried history data, the situation of change and paleotopography situation of datum level are determined.It is analyzed according to paleotopography, it is input to paleotopography as initial landform in hydrodynamic model, simulation reconstruction studies area's HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS, according to Sediment Transport diffusion equation on the basis of hydrodynamic force research, the carrying and deposition of simulation reconstruction silt, the deposition of deposit and degrading is constrained with datum level on this basis, by the deposition of deposit degrade in the initial landform that is added to as the landform simulated next time to form circulating analog reproduction deposition process.The case where datum level is considered in simulation process of the present invention, can simulate the deposition of basin rank；Simulated time of the present invention is short, can be corrected repeatedly until meeting geologic feature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a deposition simulation technology, in particular to a deposition simulation method based on reference surface deposition process control.
Background
With the progress of computer technology, the simulation of the sedimentation in a large area can be realized, currently, simulation is mainly carried out in a sedimentation algorithm through a hydrodynamic and sediment hydrodynamics method, a continuity equation, a momentum equation and an energy equation are used for carrying out simulation research on a physical sedimentation process, a hydrodynamic N-S equation and an inversion-based sedimentation simulation method are mature, the real situation of hydrodynamic is well reproduced in the hydrodynamic method, but the research on the sediment is only modern sedimentation, the conditions that a riverway base is metamorphic rock and magma rock are not considered, and the influence of topography on the sedimentation is not considered, so that the hydrodynamic simulation research method is not suitable for geological sedimentation simulation in large scale and large time scale; inversion-based depositional modeling deals more with the existing data to make it the same as the researchers' thought, and cannot reflect the real depositional environment and hydrodynamic conditions when sediment is deposited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a deposition simulation method based on control of a deposition process by a reference surface
Burying history data, determining the change condition of the reference surface and the ancient terrain condition. According to the ancient terrain analysis, the ancient terrain is input into a hydrodynamic model as an initial terrain, hydrodynamic features of a research area are simulated and reproduced, carrying and deposition of silt are simulated and reproduced according to a silt migration and diffusion equation on the basis of hydrodynamic research, deposition and degradation of sediment are restrained by a datum plane on the basis, and the deposition and degradation of the sediment are superposed on the initial terrain to serve as a next simulated terrain, so that a cyclic simulation and reproduction deposition process is formed.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a deposition simulation method based on control of a deposition process by a reference plane, comprising the following steps:
1) building an initial terrain:
a. collecting geological database of the work area, logging and core data of a single well in the work area, and analyzing the deposition environment of the deposition area to obtain the deposition thickness of the deposit;
b. compacting and correcting the researched horizon according to the deposition environment and the deposition thickness by combining a hydrological database and burial history data, and obtaining a stratum evolution history, construction diagrams of different periods and an ancient geographic diagram, namely an ancient topographic map, of the deposition area by adopting a layer-by-layer recovery method;
c. correction based on ancient topographic map research to obtain initial topography of deposition simulation, i.e. initial topography N0；
2) Study of hydrodynamic characteristics
a. Setting boundary conditions, determining boundary positions, and obtaining the boundary conditions mainly from source analysis on the basis of researches such as a sand body equal-thickness map, a heavy mineral distribution map, a characteristic deposition structure and the like; the type of the boundary is mainly obtained according to modern sediment investigation, and the sediment control is determined according to the type of sediment and the sediment content in the stratum;
b. setting a hydrodynamic model: according to the density, flow velocity, viscosity, gravitational acceleration and fluid diffusion characteristics of the water body, simulating the flow field distribution of the research area by using a parallel finite element algorithm of a fluid mechanics equation Navier-Stocks equation, and analyzing to obtain a deposition hydrodynamic model of the deposition area;
c. hydrodynamic feature study: inputting the initial terrain into a hydrodynamic model, and simulating and reproducing hydrodynamic features of a research area;
3) setting a sediment deposition model:
determining the type of the sediment, and simulating and reproducing the transport and deposition process of the sediment according to a sediment transport diffusion equation on the basis of hydrodynamic research;
4) control of deposition by reference plane
a. Setting a reference surface;
b. in the deposition simulation process, the elevation of the actual surface of any one deposit is measured, the relationship between the elevation of the actual surface of the deposit and the elevation of the datum plane is judged, so that the deposition and the erosion of the deposit are restrained and controlled, the thickness of the deposit is calculated according to the density of the deposit and is superposed on the terrain Nx-1In the actual surface elevation of the deposit, forming a topography NxAs the terrain for the next calculation; wherein X is the number of times of cycle calculation; x is 1, 2, 3, … ….
5. Landform evolution model
According to the time set by the user, the terrain N is adjustedxAnd (4) performing simulation circulation of the steps 2) to 4) to obtain the evolution situation of the landform.
Further, in the step 1), the geological database comprises research area well drilling layering data, different stratum interface structure maps and target interval sedimentary facies plan; the logging, logging and core data (the single-well simulation database for the constraint model) of the single well comprise single-well hierarchical data, single-well sedimentary facies analysis result data, single-well reservoir structure parameters, single-well reservoir cyclic analysis data, single-well sediment component analysis data, single-well sedimentary evolution history data and single-well ancient structure recovery data; the hydrologic database includes anatomical data of outcrops, survey data of modern deposits and source analysis data.
Still further, in the sub-step b) of step 2), the hydrodynamic model equation is as follows:
wherein:
inertia force of unit mass fluid in motion of fluid, component on three coordinate axes
Component of force per unit mass of X, Y, Z fluid per unit mass
Component of normal stress direction per unit mass of fluid
Component of tangential stress per unit mass of fluid (viscous force), in which
Still further, in step 3), if the sediment is sticky silt, that is, sludge, a diffusion equation is used for simulation, and the formula is as follows:
wherein:
c concentration of the sedimenting component [ kg/m ]3]
U, v, omega velocity component of water flow [ m/s ]
εs,x，εs,y，εs,z: diffusion coefficient of deposition component [ m ]2/s]
Omega s settling velocity of the sedimenting component [ m/s ]
Alternatively, if the sediment is non-sticky silt, i.e., sandy, the sedimentation function of the sediment by Van Rijn is used for simulation, and the formula is as follows:
wherein:
s relative density of the deposition component ps/ρw
DsThe sedimenting component represents the particle size
V: kinematic viscosity of water body [ m ]2/s]。
Further, in the step 4), if the elevation of the actual surface of the deposit is greater than the elevation of the reference surface, the deposit is degraded, and the degradation rate is as follows:
rate of denudation
Wherein,
lambda is the correction coefficient of the optical fiber,
hc is the elevation of the deposition surface,
hj is the elevation of the reference plane,
α the angle of inclination of the deposition surface,
β, inclination of the reference plane;
calculating the amount of denudation, and calculating the thickness of the deposit according to the density of the deposit.
Still further, in the step 4), if the elevation of the actual surface of the deposit is greater than or equal to the elevation of the reference surface, the deposit is deposited, and the deposition rate is as follows:
deposition rate
Wherein,
Corefis the correction coefficient
Hc-height of deposition surface
Hj height of reference plane
α inclination of deposition surface
β inclination of the reference plane.
And calculating the denudation amount, and calculating the thickness of the deposit according to the density of the deposit.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
first, setting principle of sediment deposition model
1) In the process of setting the sediment deposition model, the granularity and the density of sediment, the density and the flow velocity of a deposition carrier and the sediment concentration are mainly considered, and whether the sediment is deposited or not is related to the scouring capacity of a water body on the bottom of a river bed and the roughness of the river bed. The movement and deposition tendency of the device are characterized by the applied buoyancy, gravity and inertia speed.
2) If the particle sizes of the sediments are different, the water films wrapped around the sediments are different in size, so that the difference of the buoyancy and gravity ratio and the sedimentation speed of the sediments are caused, the carrying distance in the sedimentation process is different, and the sedimentation tendency of the sediments is different.
3) According to the difference of sediments, the sediments are divided into sticky silt (mud), non-sticky silt (sand) and gravel sediments, and the transmission mode (sediment carrying mode) is greatly different due to the difference of the sediment types; different methods are adopted for describing different sediments, a convection diffusion equation of viscous silt is adopted for the viscous sediments, a sedimentation equation is adopted for the non-viscous sandy sediments, and more ideal formulas of ideal spherical models are adopted for describing gravel sediments (so that the method is not considered);
4) the description of the deposition process mainly comprises two aspects, namely the conveying and the handling of the sediment, and the sedimentation of the sediment, wherein the simulation description is carried out by adopting a uniform sedimentation velocity for the viscous argillaceous sediment, and the simulation description is carried out by adopting a sedimentation equation of silt for the non-viscous sandy sediment, wherein the sedimentation velocity of the sediment under the conditions of different flow rates is slightly different, and the simulation process can display the difference.
Second, principle of setting deposit deposition model
1) The amount of erosion in the present invention is constrained by the internal composition of the deposit, the relative position of the datum plane and the deposition surface, and the topography and flow rate before and after erosion. The redeposition process of denuded deposits is different from that of water-borne deposits, and is only affected by the roughness and gradient of the bottom, and the deposition site is a low-lying area with a large change in gradient, and the deposition of the deposits does not occur above the limit.
In the method, the deposition and the transportation of the sediment are considered as two factors, on one hand, the distribution of the flow field transmits, degrades and transports the deposited substances; on the other hand, the relation between the deposition position and the datum plane is considered so as to restrict the deposition and the degradation of the deposit. The sediment constraint of the reference surface is added on the basis of controlling the sediment through hydrodynamic force in the simulation process, and the principle is as follows:
2) control process of the datum surface to deposition and denudation: when the elevation of the surface of the sediment is larger than that of the datum plane, the sediment generates a denudation phenomenon, and the denudation rate of the sediment is related to the distance between the sediment surface and the datum plane and is in direct proportion to the distance between the sediment surface and the datum plane, namely the farther the sediment surface is away from the datum plane, the larger the denudation rate of the sediment is; similarly, when the elevation of the surface of the deposit is smaller than that of the reference surface, the deposit is deposited, the deposition rate is related to two factors, the size of the repose angle of the deposit, and the supply rate of the deposit, and when the inclination angle of the deposit at the position is smaller than the repose angle of the deposit, the deposit is deposited until the deposit slope angle of the deposit is larger than the repose angle of the deposit, the deposit is stopped, and the deposit moves to the next grid. The deposited sediment is still washed by water flow, the movement of the sediment on the bottom bed is only influenced by the roughness of the bottom bed and the flow rate of the water flow, when the shear stress on the sediment is greater than the starting force of the sediment, the sediment is continuously conveyed forwards, when the shear stress is less than the starting condition of the sediment, the sediment is deposited, whether the sediment is stored or not is determined by the migration distance after the sediment is deposited, the migration distance after the sediment is greater than the mesh, the next mesh is reached, and if the migration distance is less than the size of the mesh, the sediment is deposited.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) in the process of simulating silence, the influence of hydrodynamic force on deposition is fully considered;
2) in the simulation process, the condition of the reference surface is considered, and basin-level deposition can be simulated;
3) the invention has short simulation time and can carry out repeated correction until the geological characteristics are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a deposition simulation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of control of the datum plane for deposition;
FIG. 3 is a theoretical schematic of quasi-planar-to-deposition bundled.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the invention, the following further illustrate the main content of the invention in connection with specific examples, but the content of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
The deposition simulation method based on the control of the deposition process by the reference surface restores the landform of the south area 79 in the central oil field, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) establishing an initial terrain:
a. obtaining the deposition thickness of the sediment according to geological database, logging and core data of the work area;
b. compacting and correcting the researched horizon according to the deposition environment and the deposition thickness by combining a hydrological database and burial history data, and obtaining a stratum evolution history, construction diagrams of different periods and an ancient geographic diagram, namely an ancient topographic map, of the deposition area by adopting a layer-by-layer recovery method;
c. correction based on ancient topographic map research to obtain initial topography of deposition simulation, i.e. initial topography N0；
2) Setting hydrodynamic and depositional physical parameters
a. Obtaining hydrodynamic parameters of the deposition area according to hydrodynamic analysis of the study area: hydrodynamic parameters such as water flow direction, flow speed, roughness, dispersion coefficient, viscosity coefficient and the like;
b. simulating the dynamic characteristics by using an N-S equation according to the hydrodynamic parameters;
3) simulation of the transport of the deposit:
judging the type of the sediment, substituting hydrodynamic parameters such as flow speed, shear stress and the like into a sediment migration and diffusion equation, and simulating the transport and deposition process of the sediment; viscous deposit application equation (1)
Non-stick deposit application equation (2)
4) Control of deposition by reference plane
a. Setting a reference surface;
b. in the deposition simulation process, the elevation of the actual surface of any one deposit is measured, the deposition surface is larger than the datum plane by judging the magnitude relation between the elevation of the actual surface of the deposit and the elevation of the datum plane, ablation occurs, and the ablation amount is calculated according to the ablation rate B
Thereby controlling the erosion of the sediment in a constrained manner, calculating the thickness of the sediment according to the density of the sediment, and superposing the thickness of the sediment on the terrain Nx-1In the actual surface elevation of the deposit, forming a topography NxAs the terrain for the next calculation; wherein X is the number of times of cycle calculation; x is 1, 2, 3, … ….
5. Evolution of geomorphic features
According to the time set by the user, the terrain N is adjustedxAnd (4) performing simulation circulation of the steps 2) to 4) to obtain the evolution situation of the landform.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A deposition simulation method based on control of a deposition process by a reference surface comprises the following steps:
1) building an initial terrain:
a. collecting geological database of the work area, logging and core data of a single well in the work area, and analyzing the deposition environment of the deposition area to obtain the deposition thickness of the deposit;
b. compacting and correcting the researched horizon according to the deposition environment and the deposition thickness by combining a hydrological database and burial history data, and obtaining a stratum evolution history, construction diagrams of different periods and an ancient geographic diagram, namely an ancient topographic map, of the deposition area by adopting a layer-by-layer recovery method;
c. correction based on ancient topographic map research to obtain initial topography of deposition simulation, i.e. initial topography N0；
2) Study of hydrodynamic characteristics
a. Setting boundary conditions, determining boundary positions, and obtaining the boundary conditions mainly from source analysis, wherein the boundary conditions comprise a sand body equal thickness map, a heavy mineral distribution map and a characteristic deposition structure research; the type of the boundary is mainly obtained according to modern sediment investigation, and the sediment control is determined according to the type of sediment and the sediment content in the stratum;
b. setting a hydrodynamic model: according to the density, flow velocity, viscosity, gravitational acceleration and fluid diffusion characteristics of the water body, simulating the flow field distribution of a research area by using a parallel finite element algorithm of a fluid mechanics equation Navier-Stocks equation, and analyzing to obtain a deposition hydrodynamic model which is the same as that of the deposition area;
c. hydrodynamic feature study: inputting the initial terrain into a hydrodynamic model, and simulating and reproducing hydrodynamic features of a research area;
3) setting a sediment deposition model:
determining the type of the sediment, and simulating and reproducing the transport and deposition process of the sediment according to a sediment transport diffusion equation on the basis of hydrodynamic research;
4) control of deposition by reference plane
a. Setting a reference surface;
b. in the deposition simulation process, the elevation of the actual surface of any one deposit is measured, the relationship between the elevation of the actual surface of the deposit and the elevation of the datum plane is judged, so that the deposition and the erosion of the deposit are restrained and controlled, the thickness of the deposit is calculated according to the density of the deposit and is superposed on the terrain Nx-1In the actual surface elevation of the deposit, forming a topography NxAs the terrain for the next calculation; wherein X is the number of times of cycle calculation, and X is 1, 2, 3, … …;
5) landform evolution model
According to the time set by the user, the terrain N is adjustedxAnd (4) performing simulation circulation of the steps 2) to 4) to obtain the evolution situation of the landform.
2. The deposition simulation method based on the control of the deposition process by the reference plane according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the geological database comprises drilling layered data of a research area, a different stratum interface structure diagram and a target interval sedimentary facies plan; the logging, logging and core data of the single well comprise single well hierarchical data, single well sedimentary facies analysis result data, single well reservoir structure parameters, single well reservoir gyratory analysis data, single well sediment component analysis data, single well sedimentary evolution history data and single well ancient structure recovery data; the hydrologic database includes anatomical data of outcrops, survey data of modern deposits and source analysis data.
3. The deposition simulation method based on the control of the deposition process by the reference plane according to claim 1, wherein: in the sub step b) of the step 2), the hydrodynamic model equation is as follows:
wherein:
inertia force of unit mass fluid in motion of fluid, component on three coordinate axes
Component of force per unit mass of X, Y, Z fluid per unit mass
A component of normal stress direction per unit mass of fluid;
p: pressure intensity;
component of tangential stress per unit mass of fluid (viscous force), in whichρ: the density of the fluid; μ: a flow rate; upsilon isx，υy，υz: flow rate per unit mass of fluid, P: pressure of fluid.
4. The deposition simulation method based on the control of the deposition process by the reference plane according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), if the sediment is viscous silt, namely argillaceous sediment, a diffusion equation is adopted for simulation, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein:
c concentration of the sedimenting component [ kg/m3]
u, v, omega velocity component of water flow [ m/s ]
εs,x，εs,y，εs,z: diffusion coefficient of deposition component [ m ]2/s]
Omega s settling velocity of the sedimenting component [ m/s ]
Alternatively, if the sediment is non-sticky silt, i.e., sandy, the sedimentation function of the sediment by Van Rijn is used for simulation, and the formula is as follows:
wherein:
ωs，0: sedimentation velocity of sedimentary component [ m/s ]]
s relative density of the deposition component ρs/ρw
ρs: density of the deposit; rhow: density of the water body;
Ds: deposition component representative of particle size
V: kinematic viscosity of water body [ m ]2/s]
g: acceleration of gravity.
5. The deposition simulation method based on the control of the deposition process by the reference plane according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), if the elevation of the actual surface of the deposit is greater than that of the reference surface, the deposit is degraded, and the degradation rate is as follows:
rate of denudation
Wherein,
lambda is the correction coefficient of the optical fiber,
Hcthe elevation of the deposition surface,
Hjthe height of the reference plane is determined,
α the angle of inclination of the deposition surface,
β, inclination of the reference plane;
and calculating the denudation amount, and calculating the thickness of the deposit according to the density of the deposit.
6. The deposition simulation method based on the control of the deposition process by the reference plane according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), if the elevation of the actual surface of the deposit is greater than or equal to the elevation of the reference surface, the deposit is deposited, and the deposition rate is as follows:
deposition rate
Wherein,
Corefthe correction coefficient is the coefficient of the correction,
Hcthe elevation of the deposition surface,
Hjthe height of the reference plane is determined,
α the angle of inclination of the deposition surface,
β the angle of inclination of the reference plane,
and calculating the denudation amount, and calculating the thickness of the deposit according to the density of the deposit.
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