CN106199543A - A kind of measurement apparatus of RCS - Google Patents
A kind of measurement apparatus of RCS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106199543A CN106199543A CN201610475379.0A CN201610475379A CN106199543A CN 106199543 A CN106199543 A CN 106199543A CN 201610475379 A CN201610475379 A CN 201610475379A CN 106199543 A CN106199543 A CN 106199543A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- terahertz
- measurement apparatus
- thz
- beam splitter
- thz wave
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/411—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity
- G01S7/412—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity based on a comparison between measured values and known or stored values
Abstract
The invention discloses the measurement apparatus of a kind of RCS.Described measurement apparatus includes electricity THz source, the first Terahertz lens, beam splitter, object support base, the second Terahertz lens, terahertz detector and transacter；Described electricity THz source, the first Terahertz lens, beam splitter and object support base are set in turn on first direction；Described beam splitter, the second Terahertz lens and terahertz detector are set in turn in second direction, and the outfan of described terahertz detector connects the first input end of described transacter.The direction that the present invention utilizes a beam splitter can realize the THz wave that target surface scatters receives the completely the same of direction with terahertz detector, simplifies the structure of existing measurement apparatus, decreases measurement error.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to RCS field, more particularly, to the measurement apparatus of a kind of RCS.
Background technology
RCS (RCS) is to characterize the physical quantity that objective body scattering is strong and weak, the measurement of RCS for
Military and relevant field is of crucial importance, and it all has weight to target classification and identification, trace point selection and stealth technology etc.
The directive significance wanted, therefore receives much concern.Traditional rcs measurement concentrates on microwave frequency band, and is extended to by microwave frequency band by RCS
Terahertz frequency, is possible not only to record the RCS of objective body terahertz wave band, it is also possible to by the contracting to objective body
RCS measurement than model, it is thus achieved that the RCS of the full-scale target of microwave band, thus obtain substantial amounts of
Objective body characteristic, sets up target characteristic data storehouse so that Terahertz has more extensive in the field of RCS
Application prospect.
Non-patent literature " Terahertz target radar scattering cross-section measures technology " (" space electronic technology ", 2013,4:104-
109) disclose terahertz time-domain spectroscopy instrumentation radar scattering section system in, utilize femto-second laser to produce pump light and detection
Light, and utilize pump light to excite Terahertz wave source to produce the Tai Zibo of pulsed, then it is irradiated to be scattered again on objective body
Enter detection device；And another part detection light enters detection device, the spy of elapsed time delay system through time delay system
Light-metering is concerned with the detection light of scattering, thus obtains the measurement data of objective body RCS.The method needs
Laser excitation Terahertz wave source, and need relevant method to measure, this device needs to introduce time delay system and femtosecond
Laser instrument, and this device make use of two beam splitters so that this apparatus structure is complex, and time delay system due to
Need to carry out frequency sweep so that the time of measuring is longer, measures efficiency low；Further, since the THz wave power that this device produces is very
Low, its HFS test result relative error is bigger.
Summary of the invention
For disadvantages described above or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides the measurement dress of a kind of RCS
Put, its object is to use periodic THz wave to detect, thus solve existing measurement apparatus structure complicated, measure
The technical problem that error is big.
For achieving the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is provided that the measurement apparatus of a kind of RCS,
Including electricity THz source, the first Terahertz lens, beam splitter, object support base, the second Terahertz lens, terahertz detection
Device and transacter；
Described electricity THz source, the first Terahertz lens, beam splitter and object support base are set in turn in first
On direction；Described beam splitter, the second Terahertz lens and terahertz detector are set in turn in second direction, described terahertz
Hereby the outfan of detector connects the first input end of described transacter；Described first direction is different from second direction；
Described object support base is used for drop target body, and described electricity THz source is for sending first too to objective body
Hertz wave, described first Terahertz lens are used for collimating described first THz wave, described beam splitter for will after collimation the
One THz wave fractional transmission is to the surface of objective body, meanwhile, and the second THz wave part that described target surface is scattered
Reflex to second direction；
The described second Terahertz lens the second THz wave after focusing on reflection, described terahertz detector is used for will
The second THz wave after focusing is converted to the signal of telecommunication, and described transacter is for according to the signal of telecommunication, it is thus achieved that objective body
The measurement signal of RCS.
Preferably, described measurement apparatus also includes that chopper and controller, described chopper are arranged at described electricity too
Hertz front, source, the first outfan of described controller connects the input of chopper, and the second outfan of described controller is even
Connect the second input of described transacter；
Described controller is used for sending frequency signal, and described chopper is for being converted to the first THz wave periodically
First THz wave, described transacter is additionally operable to filter the noise signal in the described signal of telecommunication.
Preferably, described transacter is oscillograph or lock-in amplifier.
Preferably, described terahertz detector is without biasing Schottky diode or pyroelectric detector.
Preferably, described electricity THz source is travelling-wave tube, carcinotron oscillator or Gunn oscillator.
Preferably, described terahertz detector is without biasing Schottky diode or pyroelectric detector.
Preferably, described measurement apparatus also includes that turntable, described object support base are arranged on turntable, described rotation
Turntable is for regulating the described objective body anglec of rotation in the horizontal direction.
Preferably, described measurement apparatus also includes that pitching platform, described pitching platform are arranged at below described object support base,
For regulating the angle of pitch of objective body.
Preferably, the material of described object support base is synthetic resin, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene, poly-methylpent
Alkene, polypropylene or politef.
Preferably, reflectance and the absorbance of described beam splitter is more than or equal to 40%.
As it is further preferred that described beam splitter is high resistant silicon chip or the silicon chip being coated with electrical-conductive nanometer thin film.
Preferably, described measurement apparatus also includes that absorber, described absorber are arranged at the both sides of first direction, second party
To both sides and described object support base second direction on, described absorber is made an uproar for the background absorbing Terahertz frequency range
Sound.
As it is further preferred that the material of described absorber is high density polyurethane foam.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, there is following useful effect
Really:
1, the present invention the most only make use of a beam splitter, is achieved that the side of first THz wave transmission to objective body
To, and terahertz detector obtains the direction of the second THz wave and keeps straight line simultaneously, thus avoid the biography of THz wave
The measurement error that the setting direction broadcasting the parts in direction and measurement apparatus is inconsistent and causes；
2, the present invention utilizes electricity THz source directly to produce THz wave, it is not necessary to laser excitation, thus simplifies dress
Put, reduce production cost；The THz wave power that electricity THz source produces simultaneously directly excites higher than laser, thus subtracts
Lack measurement error；
3, the present invention utilizes directly detection to instead of relevant detection of the prior art, therefore need not time delay dress
Put, thus measurement apparatus has been carried out further simplification, simultaneously because need not move through time delay system, accelerate detection effect
Rate；
4, the present invention utilizes controller and chopper the first THz wave to be converted to periodic first THz wave, more
It is beneficial to the background noise filtering in the signal of telecommunication of the second THz wave conversion, thus adds accuracy of detection；
5, the present invention utilizes turntable and the pitching platform anglec of rotation and the angle of pitch respectively to objective body to be adjusted so that
The measurement of RCS is more comprehensive；
6, absorber is arranged at the both sides of light path by the present invention, is used for absorbing background noise, further increases detection essence
Degree.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the measurement apparatus structural representation of the RCS of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is embodiment 1 graph of measured results.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, right
The present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.If additionally, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below
The conflict of not constituting each other just can be mutually combined.
The measuring principle of the present invention is relative calibration method: the method is cut with the radar scattering of a known scattering object (calibration body)
Face is standard, demarcates the RCS of scattering object to be measured (objective body)；The basis of the method is radar equation, thunder
Reach equation and can be expressed as the RCS ratio of objective body RCS and calibration body, RCS
(RCS) having the dimension of area, logical conventional sign σ represents, conventional unit is m2, it is the most normal when target RCS dynamic range is the biggest
With it relative to 1m2Decibels represent, i.e.
The formula of radar equation is as follows:
Wherein, σ is objective body RCS (dBm2)；σsFor calibration body RCS (dBm2)；R is target
The distance (m) of body distance radar；RsDistance (m) for calibration body distance radar；GsFor the radar nature gain to calibration body；G is
The radar antenna gain to objective body；F is the radar frequency (Hz) to objective body；Fs is the radar frequency (Hz) to objective body；
PtFor the radar transmitting power (W) to objective body；PstFor the radar transmitting power (W) to calibration body；PrFor radar to objective body
Reception power (W)；PsrF is the radar reception power (W) to calibration body.
But in reality is measured, generally the calibration body rotation of target to be measured with known accurate RCS value is placed in
Same apart from upper (R=Rs), (G=G when the power coefficient of instrumentation radar is identicals, Pt=Pst), and ensure that radar is to calibration
Body is consistent, i.e. with the transmitting power of objective body
The invention discloses the measurement apparatus of a kind of RCS, saturating including electricity THz source the 1, first Terahertz
Mirror 4, beam splitter 5, object support base, the second Terahertz lens 8, terahertz detector 9, transacter 10, such as Fig. 1 institute
Show；
Described electricity THz source the 1, first Terahertz lens 4, beam splitter 5 and object support base are set in turn in
On one direction, described first direction is the direction that electricity THz source 1 sends the first THz wave；Described beam splitter 5, second is too
Hertz lens 8 and terahertz detector 9 are set in turn in second direction；Described first direction is different from second direction, and two
Person's angle is relevant with the angle of the first THz wave with beam splitter 5, simplifying generally for device, by first direction and second party
To at right angles arranging, now the angle of beam splitter 5 and the first THz wave is 45 °；The outfan of described terahertz detector 9 is even
Connect the first input end of described transacter 10；
Described object support base is used for drop target body, can use synthetic resin, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene, gather
Methylpentene, polypropylene or politef are as the material of object support base, to reduce the background noise of terahertz wave band；
Described electricity THz source 1 is travelling-wave tube, carcinotron oscillator or Gunn oscillator etc., for first direction
Objective body 6 send the first THz wave；Due to Gunn oscillator have that volume is little, light weight, compact conformation, easily operation and
The features such as maintenance, can reduce the volume of this measurement apparatus, therefore preferably as electricity THz source；
Described first Terahertz lens 4 are long-focus lens, are used for collimating described first THz wave, by THz wave
Angle of divergence θ0' be limited in 0.2rad within, therefore relative distance l of the position of the first Terahertz lens and electricity THz source needs
It is adjusted；Due to the angle of divergence
Wherein, ω0For the transmitting radius of THz wave, F is first
The focal length of Terahertz lens, λ is the wavelength of THz wave；From this formula it can be seen that work as the focal length F of the first Terahertz lens relatively
Greatly, the transmitting radius ω of THz wave0Less, and during l=F, angle of divergence θ0' reach minimum, i.e. θ0'=ω0/F；
Described beam splitter 5 is for the surface by the first THz wave fractional transmission after collimation to objective body 6, meanwhile, and will
Second THz wave of described objective body 6 surface scattering is partially reflective to second direction；Owing to beam splitter 5 need to have reflection simultaneously
And transmission function, if the reflectance of beam splitter or absorbance are the lowest, the loss of THz wave, typically its reflectance all can be caused
And absorbance all needs more than or equal to 40%, high resistant silicon chip and to be coated with the silicon chip of electrical-conductive nanometer thin film (such as ito thin film) the fullest
This requirement of foot；
The described second Terahertz lens 8 second THz wave after focusing on reflection, described terahertz detector 9 is used for
The second THz wave after focusing on is converted to the signal of telecommunication, and described transacter 10 is for according to the signal of telecommunication, it is thus achieved that target
The measurement data of the RCS of body；
Terahertz detector 9 can be selected for without biasing Schottky diode or pyroelectric detector, wherein, pyroelectric detector
It is to vary with temperature produced pyroelectric effect based on crystals spontaneous polarization strength to make, belongs to thermal detector；And nothing
Biasing Schottky diode belongs to photodetector, has fast response time, be susceptible to ambient temperature compared with pyroelectric detector
The advantages such as impact；
Transacter 10 can be selected for oscillograph or lock-in amplifier, and wherein, oscillograph can directly display radar scattering
The signal of telecommunication that cross section is corresponding, but the signal of telecommunication cannot be filtered, also cannot output it and carry out post processing, and lock-in amplifier is not only
This signal of telecommunication can be directly displayed, moreover it is possible to coordinate chopper and controller to be obtained by the noise filtering in the signal of telecommunication and measure signal,
And this measurement signal exports to calculating system to carry out post processing；Such as, THz wave can be launched at electricity THz source
Direction arranges chopper 2, makes the first outfan of controller 3 connect the input of chopper 2, the second outfan of controller 3
Connect the second input of described lock-in amplifier 10；Described controller 3 is for sending to chopper 2 and lock-in amplifier 10
Frequency signal, described signal is preferably square-wave signal, and lock-in amplifier 10 of being more convenient for is to follow-up signal of telecommunication filtering；Chopper 2
According to this frequency signal, the first THz wave being converted to periodic first THz wave, lock-in amplifier 10 is according to this frequency
Noise signal in the signal of telecommunication is filtered by signal.
Additionally, in the second direction of both sides, the both sides of second direction and described object support base in a first direction,
In the light path that i.e. THz wave is propagated, it is also possible to being provided with wave-absorber 12, this absorber 12 can be with high density polyurethane foam etc.
Prepared by absorbing material, for absorbing the background noise of Terahertz frequency range.
Below object support base, also can place turntable 7 and/or pitching platform, with the anglec of rotation to objective body respectively
And the angle of pitch is adjusted so that the measurement of RCS is more comprehensive.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the top view of the measurement apparatus of embodiment 1, and this measurement apparatus is positioned at xz plane, including chopper control
Device 3, Gunn oscillator 1, chopper 2, collimating lens 4, high resistant silicon chip 5, turntable 7, wave-absorber 12, condenser lens 8, nothing biasing
Schottky diode 9, lock-in amplifier 10 and computer 11；Wherein, first terahertz of the 0.1THz that Gunn oscillator 1 sends
Hereby ripple sequentially passes through chopper 2, collimating lens 4, high resistant silicon chip 5, and the positive direction along z-axis is propagated, and is projeced into the mesh of turntable 7
In standard type 6；
Chopper controller 3 first outfan connect chopper 2, second outfan connect lock-in amplifier, for
Both simultaneously output frequency signals, chopper 2 is according to this frequency signal, the first of the spoke value stabilization sent by Gunn oscillator 1
THz wave is modulated to the first THz wave of the periodic square wave of 300Hz；Electromagnetic horn coupled transfer in Gunn oscillator 1
First THz wave, is gathered in z-axis positive direction by the first THz wave, in order to avoid the first THz wave four-way dissipates；
Then the first THz wave collimates through collimating lens 4, and according to formula (4), collimating lens 4 needs to select relatively
Big focal length, in the present embodiment, we select the focal length F of collimating lens 41=150mm.Also according to formula (4), work as collimation
Distance l of lens 4 and Gunn oscillator 1 and F1Time equal, the angle of divergence is minimum, first sent yet with Gunn oscillator 1
The beam waist position of THz wave may deviation, therefore, the distance of collimating lens 4 with Gunn oscillator 1 can be set by we
It is placed between 140mm～160mm, and carries out Light Intensity Scanning with the interval of 2mm, in the present embodiment, it has been found that l=153mm
Time, angle of divergence θ0' minimum, now angle of divergence θ0'=0.02rad.
The first THz wave after collimation is split process through high resistant silicon chip 5, and the absorbance of this high resistant silicon chip is about
53%, reflectance is about 47%, is 45 degree of angles with the direction of propagation of the first THz wave；Therefore the first THz wave quilt of 47%
Reflexing to the positive direction of x-axis, first THz wave of 53% is transmitted on the surface of objective body 6, and through the scattering of objective body
Become the second THz wave, return high resistant silicon chip 5；Now, second THz wave of 47% is reflected onto the negative direction of x-axis；
Condenser lens 8 is positioned over the direction of propagation after the second THz wave scattering, and short focal length lens selected by condenser lens 8,
Its focal length F2=50mm, the second THz wave output after gathering, to without biasing Schottky diode 9 and being converted to the signal of telecommunication, is somebody's turn to do
The signal of telecommunication exports to lock-in amplifier 10 again；
The frequency signal that lock-in amplifier exports using chopper controller 3, as reference, obtains radar from the signal of telecommunication and dissipates
Penetrate the measurement data in cross section, recently enter computer 11 and carry out data process and follow-up curve plotting.
Turntable 7 is for drop target body, and objective body is carried out the rotation in xz plane, it is thus achieved that with normal incidence angle
The RCS of the objective body of change；It is additionally provided with pitching platform on turntable 7, the angle of pitch of objective body can be regulated, bow
Face upward and on platform, be placed with object support base, for drop target body and minimizing background noise.
The input of computer 11 connects lock-in amplifier 10, and outfan connects turntable；On the one hand computer is for right
The measurement data of lock-in amplifier 10 output processes, and on the other hand and rotates turntable 7 further through Labview program
Pitching platform on platform 7 carries out Mechanical course, it is achieved that automatization, convenient and accurate.
Meanwhile, the present embodiment uses two ways to reduce the impact of background noise in measurement apparatus.First, use synthesis
Resin-made is for object support base, to reduce the background noise that supporting construction is brought.Second, place spongy in laboratory table surrounding
Pyramid absorber 12, this absorbent material is that MAX foam bevel bores absorbing material, and the background that can effectively reduce Terahertz frequency range is made an uproar
Sound.
This measurement apparatus is utilized to carry out the step of actual measurement as follows:
(1) by a known radar scattering section σsCalibration body be placed on turntable 7, and record lock-in amplifier
The output voltage V of calibration body detector nowsr。
(2) objective body needing instrumentation radar scattering section σ is positioned over the same position of turntable 7, and records now
The output voltage V of the numerical target detector of lock-in amplifierr。
Can obtain according to formula (3)
Wherein, Pr=RvVr(7), Psr=RvVsr(8), RvResponsiveness for detector.
Then objective body RCS σ=(dBm2) can be calculated by formula (1).
(3) by adjusting turntable 7 and pitching platform, the measurement number of the different RCS of objective body can be obtained
According to.
Interpretation
Fig. 2 is the measurement data that the present embodiment measures the RCS of the objective body different angles obtained, it is seen that its
Experiment value is identical with theoretical value, it was demonstrated that this device has preferable measurement effect.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that and the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to
Limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, all should comprise
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the measurement apparatus of a RCS, it is characterised in that include electricity THz source, the first Terahertz lens,
Beam splitter, object support base, the second Terahertz lens, terahertz detector and transacter；
Described electricity THz source, the first Terahertz lens, beam splitter and object support base are set in turn in first direction
On；Described beam splitter, the second Terahertz lens and terahertz detector are set in turn in second direction, and described Terahertz is visited
The outfan surveying device connects the first input end of described transacter；Described first direction is different from second direction；
Described object support base is used for drop target body, and described electricity THz source is for sending the first Terahertz to objective body
Ripple, described first Terahertz lens are used for collimating described first THz wave, and described beam splitter is for by first after collimation too
Hertz wave fractional transmission is to the surface of objective body, and meanwhile, the second THz wave scattered by described target surface is partially reflective
To second direction；
The described second Terahertz lens the second THz wave after focusing on reflection, described terahertz detector will be for focusing on
After the second THz wave be converted to the signal of telecommunication, described transacter is for according to the signal of telecommunication, it is thus achieved that the radar of objective body
The measurement signal of scattering section.
2. measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described measurement apparatus also includes chopper and control
Device, described chopper is arranged at described electricity THz source front, and the first outfan of described controller connects the defeated of chopper
Entering end, the second outfan of described controller connects the second input of described transacter；
Described controller is used for sending frequency signal, and described chopper is for being converted to periodic first by the first THz wave
THz wave, described transacter is additionally operable to filter the noise signal in the described signal of telecommunication.
3. measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described transacter is oscillograph or phase-locked amplification
Device.
4. measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described terahertz detector is without biasing Schottky two pole
Pipe or pyroelectric detector.
5. measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described electricity THz source is that travelling-wave tube, backward wave tube shake
Swing device or Gunn oscillator.
6. measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described measurement apparatus also includes turntable, described target
Supporting base to be arranged on turntable, described turntable is for regulating the described objective body anglec of rotation in the horizontal direction.
7. measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of described object support base be synthetic resin,
High density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene, polymethylpentene, polypropylene or politef.
8. measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that reflectance and the absorbance of described beam splitter are more than
In 40%.
9. measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described beam splitter is high resistant silicon chip or is coated with conduction and receives
The silicon chip of rice thin film.
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| CN109541563A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空精密机械研究所 | Background cancel micromatic setting for RCS test |
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| CN108594195A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Low repetition frequency modulated continuous wave radar Aircraft Targets sorting technique based on segmentation mixing |
| CN109283525A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-29 | 山西大学 | Terahertz radar cross section test macro and radar cross section extracting method |
| CN109283525B (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2023-06-02 | 山西大学 | Terahertz radar scattering cross section test system and radar scattering cross section extraction method |
| CN109541563A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空精密机械研究所 | Background cancel micromatic setting for RCS test |
| CN109541563B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2023-03-14 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空精密机械研究所 | Background cancellation fine adjustment device for RCS test |
| CN109855724A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-06-07 | 首都师范大学 | Terahertz wave beam quality characterization system and method |
| CN109855724B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-04-09 | 首都师范大学 | Terahertz wave beam quality characterization system and method |
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