CN106198434A - 一种北疆灰漠土土壤有机质含量的遥感监测方法 - Google Patents

一种北疆灰漠土土壤有机质含量的遥感监测方法 Download PDF

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CN106198434A
CN106198434A CN201610597972.2A CN201610597972A CN106198434A CN 106198434 A CN106198434 A CN 106198434A CN 201610597972 A CN201610597972 A CN 201610597972A CN 106198434 A CN106198434 A CN 106198434A
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王琼
宋庆平
窦中江
陈兵
高飞
杨秀春
肖春华
戴建国
王方永
苗新明
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Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences
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    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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Abstract

一种北疆灰漠土土壤有机质含量的遥感监测方法，选择裸土期土壤的Landset8 OLI数据，并对其进行辐射校正、大气校正得到裸土光谱反射率数值，分别计算不同有机质含量土壤的光谱反射率值，获得可见光和近红外波段范围对灰漠土土壤有机质敏感的反射光谱参数，利用这些参数进行反演得到土壤有机质空间布局图。本发明利用新型卫星光谱数据对北疆灰漠土有机质含量进行大范围快速监测的方法，监测精度在70％以上，显著提高了卫星数据对大范围灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测的精度，能够满足新疆北部对农田土壤有机质含量监测的需要。

Description

一种北疆灰漠土土壤有机质含量的遥感监测方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种土壤有机质遥感监测方法，具体涉及一种北疆灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测方法。
背景技术
土壤中的有机质含量对作物的长势和产量具有较大影响，传统土壤有机质获取的方法主要基于土壤的实验室分析，需耗费大量的人力、物力和财力，同时由于测试过程所需时间较长，采样点数量有限，难以真实反映土壤属性的空间分布特征，不能满足现代农业的发展需求。利用多光谱卫星数据进行土壤有机质的遥感监测，能很好地解决常规土壤有机质田间调查费时费力以及监测范围较小等问题。已有研究表明遥感数据作为土壤有机质监测的辅助参数，在提高监测精度等方面具有明显优势。而且多光谱遥感影像在土壤属性信息获取中应用，能通过少量采样点实现对区域土壤变异性的宏观监测。已有大量研究表明利用卫星数据进行土壤属性的监测是可行的，并且由于方法简便、结果较准确，也可以应用于实际的农业生产管理。
目前，利用卫星多光谱数据进行土壤有机质含量预测的研究较多，例如利用Landsat TM遥感影像、ASTER遥感影像、MODIS遥感图像、SPOT 5遥感数据以及HJ卫星数据反演黑土有机质含量等等。但是利用新型Landsat 8卫星载的陆地成像仪(Operational LandImager，OLI)数据进行土壤有机质遥感反演的研究较少，特别是对北疆灰漠土有机质含量的监测。由于北疆灰漠土分布面积较大，绿洲农田多基于此土壤类型，与黑土相比较，灰漠土有机质含量普遍较低，已有研究证明当土壤有机质含量小于2％时，其光谱反射特征会减弱。同时研究采样多以北疆农田为主，其地势相对平坦，地表覆盖较为均一。因此，对土壤有机质含量产生影响的水分含量、地形、地质等环境因素并没有考虑在内；同时多时相遥感影像进行连续监测的研究还在进行当中，这在一定程度上降低了反演的精度。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种北疆灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测方法。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是，一种北疆灰漠土土壤有机质含量的遥感监测方法，选择裸土期北疆灰漠土土壤的多光谱成像数据，并对数据进行辐射校正、大气校正得到裸土光谱反射率数值，分别计算不同有机质含量土壤的光谱反射率值，获得在可见光和近红外波段范围对灰漠土土壤有机质反射光谱进行反演得到土壤有机质遥感监测。
进一步，以红外波长范围0.845～0.885nm反射率值的倒数变换形式为自变量X，以土壤有机质含量为因变量得到的一元二次回归模型：Y＝81.232-66.723X-643.299X2进行反演得到的灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测模型精度最高，R2为0.688。
进一步，以0.525～0.600(a)和0.630～0.680(b)波长范围的反射率值变换形式R(a)、R(b)得到的二元一次回归模型y＝89.3941-18.142Ra-367.92Rb，精度达到0.6，达到对灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测的精度要求。
进一步，以0.630～0.680(b)、0.845～0.885(c)和2.100～2.300(d)波长范围的反射率值变换形式R(b)、R(c)、R(d)，得到的三元一次回归模型y＝116.613-120.067R(b)-401.538R(c)+85.952R(d)，精度达到0.72，达到对灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测的精度要求。
本发明利用新型卫星光谱数据对北疆灰漠土有机质含量进行大范围快速监测的方法，监测精度在70％以上，显著提高了卫星数据对灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测的精度，满足了北疆大田对土壤有机质含量监测的需要。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步加以说明。
实施例1
选择裸土期土壤的多光谱成像数据(Landsat 8/OLI数据)，并对数据进行辐射校正、大气校正得到裸土光谱反射率数值，分别计算不同有机质含量土壤的光谱反射率值，发现Landsat 8/OLI数据在中心波长为2.2μm处的光谱反射率值达到最高，0.59μm处反射率值迅速下降。表明Landsat 8/OLI数据在可见光和近红外波段范围对灰漠土土壤有机质反射光谱具有强烈的吸收作用，当波长大于2.2nm时对土壤有机质光谱反射作用增强。
通过实验对比分析，以红外波长范围0.845～0.885nm反射率值的倒数变换形式为自变量X，以土壤有机质含量为因变量得到的一元二次回归模型：Y＝81.232-66.723X-643.299X2进行反演得到的灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测模型精度最高，R2为0.688。
以0.525-0.600(a)和0.630-0.680(b)波长范围的反射率值变换形式得到的二元一次回归模型y＝89.3941-18.142R(a)-367.92R(b)和0.630-0.680(b)、0.845-0.885(c)和2.100-2.300(d)波长范围的反射率值变换形式得到的三元一次回归模型y＝116.613-120.067R(b)-401.538R(c)+85.952R(d)精度较高，分别达到0.6和0.72，达到对灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测的精度要求。

Claims (4)

1.一种北疆灰漠土土壤有机质含量的遥感监测方法，其特征在于，选择北疆裸土期土壤的中尺度多光谱成像数据，并对数据进行辐射校正、大气校正得到裸土光谱反射率数值，运用地学统计防范，对得到的反射率数值进行变换，获得对土壤机质含量变化骄较为敏感的光谱参数，并进行遥感反演得到土壤有机质含量空间布局图。
2.根据权利要求1所述的北疆灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测方法，其特征在于，以红外波长范围0.845～0.885nm反射率值的倒数变换形式为自变量X，以土壤有机质含量为因变量得到的一元二次回归模型：Y＝81.232-66.723X-643.299X2进行反演。
3.根据权利要求1所述的北疆灰漠土土壤有机质遥感监测方法，其特征在于，以波长范围a：0.525～0.600和波长范围b：0.630～0.680的反射率值R(a)、R(b)变换形式得到的二元一次回归模型y＝89.3941-18.142R(a)-367.92R(b)进行反演。
4.根据权利要求1所述的北疆灰漠土土壤有机质含量遥感监测方法，其特征在于，以波长范围b：0.630～0.680、波长范围c：0.845～0.885和波长范围d：2.100～2.300的反射率值R(b)、R(c)、R(d)变换形式得到的三元一次回归模型y＝116.613-120.067R(b)-401.538R(c)+85.952R(d)进行反演。
CN201610597972.2A 2016-07-26 2016-07-26 一种北疆灰漠土土壤有机质含量的遥感监测方法 Pending CN106198434A (zh)

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