CN106197342A - Fracture width change dynamic monitor based on strain sensing - Google Patents
Fracture width change dynamic monitor based on strain sensing Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于应变感应的裂缝宽度变化动态监测装置，主要由底座支架、感应杆、传递弹簧和应变感应装置组成，它采用一定刚度的传递弹簧和感应杆进行一定构造的连接组合，采用应变感应装置测试在感应杆上的应变变化值，通过力学和材料学原理计算裂缝宽度的变化值，从而实现裂缝宽度变化的动态监测。据此，发明人还设计制作了相应监测方法。使用该监测方法和装置，结合发明人经材料力学及结构力学方法推导的基于弹簧的刚度、感应杆的物理特性的高准确度裂缝宽度变化求解公式，可以实现裂缝宽度的变化动态识别和监测，降低人的劳动强度和测试成本，可广泛适用于大坝、房屋建筑、桥梁结构等裂缝宽度变化的识别与监测。
The invention discloses a dynamic monitoring device for crack width change based on strain induction, which is mainly composed of a base bracket, an induction rod, a transmission spring and a strain induction device, and uses a transmission spring with a certain stiffness and an induction rod to carry out a connection combination of a certain structure. A strain sensing device is used to test the strain change value on the sensing rod, and the change value of the crack width is calculated through the principles of mechanics and materials science, so as to realize the dynamic monitoring of the change of the crack width. Accordingly, the inventor also designed and manufactured a corresponding monitoring method. Using the monitoring method and device, combined with the high-accuracy crack width change solution formula based on the stiffness of the spring and the physical characteristics of the sensing rod derived by the inventor through the method of material mechanics and structural mechanics, the dynamic identification and monitoring of the change of crack width can be realized. It reduces human labor intensity and test cost, and can be widely used in the identification and monitoring of crack width changes in dams, building buildings, bridge structures, etc.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于裂缝宽度变化识别和监测技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于应变感应的裂缝宽度变化动态监测装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of crack width change identification and monitoring, and in particular relates to a dynamic monitoring device for crack width change based on strain induction.
背景技术Background technique
在当今土木工程行业中，房屋建筑、铁路、桥梁、大坝等混凝土结构由于材料、施工、温度、外荷载等于原因，在施工过程中或建成后营运过程中，结构表面经常出现裂缝。有些裂缝不影响结构安全，仅对结构长期的耐久性有一定的不利影响；有些裂缝却直接影响结构安全，是结构安全与否的重要标志之一。为此，需要对结构表面裂缝发展情况进行及时的识别、监测，若裂缝长度和宽度持续发展，则有必要采取加固或其他措施，以减少因结构损坏或倒塌造成的财产损失和人身安全威胁。裂缝长度变化的识别比较容易且简单，可采用标记、标示或直接多次测量裂缝长度数据，经过比较即可准确确定裂缝的长度变化情况；有些裂缝长度变化虽不明显，但裂缝宽度极小的变化却预示了结构承载能力不满足使用要求或不安全。In today's civil engineering industry, due to reasons such as materials, construction, temperature, and external loads of concrete structures such as housing buildings, railways, bridges, and dams, cracks often appear on the surface of structures during construction or during operation after completion. Some cracks do not affect the safety of the structure, but only have a certain adverse effect on the long-term durability of the structure; some cracks directly affect the safety of the structure, which is one of the important signs of the safety of the structure. For this reason, it is necessary to identify and monitor the development of cracks on the surface of the structure in a timely manner. If the length and width of the cracks continue to develop, it is necessary to take reinforcement or other measures to reduce property losses and personal safety threats caused by structural damage or collapse. The identification of the change of crack length is relatively easy and simple. Marking, marking or directly measuring the crack length data multiple times can be used to accurately determine the change of crack length after comparison; some crack length changes are not obvious, but the crack width is extremely small Changes indicate that the structural bearing capacity does not meet the use requirements or is unsafe.
然而，由于结构裂缝宽度较小(一般裂缝最小可识别宽度0.04mm，最大裂缝宽度可达60mm)，其裂缝宽度变化亦较小，一般结构性裂缝宽度变化随荷载增加或时间变化呈线性或非线性加速开裂时，即认为结构物出现比较严重的病害或是缺陷，不适于继续承载预定的功能，或需紧急加固处置。现有裂缝宽度变化识别常用方法有图像放大法、粘贴脆性材料法、粘贴应变片法等。其中，图像放大法是采用放大视频图像，根据基准标尺判断裂缝宽度，多次观测裂缝宽度并求其差，确定裂缝宽度变化量，但图像放大后裂缝边缘模糊，读数有较大的误差，且多次观测难以保证能够对准裂缝的同一位置，致使多次观测后求得的裂缝宽度变化误差较大。在裂缝表面粘贴脆性材料，如蜡纸、薄玻璃等，裂缝宽度变化增加到一定程度后，脆性材料会被撕裂或脱落，表示裂缝宽度有一定变化，但它无法实现定量，也就无法准确判断裂缝宽度变化量。粘贴应变片法是在垂直跨裂缝粘贴应变片，测试应变变化情况，当裂缝宽度无变化时应变片无应变产生，应变片有变化产生时表示裂缝宽度亦有变化，与粘贴脆性材料法类似，该法只能识别出裂缝宽度是否有变化，但无法对裂缝宽度变化进行定量。。However, due to the small width of structural cracks (generally, the minimum identifiable width of cracks is 0.04mm, and the maximum crack width can reach 60mm), the change of crack width is also small. Generally, the change of structural crack width is linear or non-linear with the increase of load or time. When linearly accelerated cracking occurs, it is considered that the structure has relatively serious diseases or defects, is not suitable for continuing to carry the intended function, or needs emergency reinforcement. The existing common methods for identifying crack width changes include image magnification, brittle material pasting, and strain gauge pasting. Among them, the image magnification method is to enlarge the video image, judge the crack width according to the reference scale, observe the crack width multiple times and calculate its difference, and determine the change of the crack width. However, after the image is enlarged, the crack edge is blurred, and the reading has a large error, and It is difficult to ensure that the same position of the fracture can be aligned with multiple observations, resulting in a large error in the variation of the fracture width obtained after multiple observations. Paste brittle materials on the surface of the crack, such as wax paper, thin glass, etc. After the crack width changes to a certain extent, the brittle material will be torn or fall off, indicating that the crack width has a certain change, but it cannot be quantified, so it cannot be accurately judged Crack width variation. The pasting strain gauge method is to paste the strain gauge vertically across the crack to test the change of the strain. When the crack width does not change, the strain gauge has no strain. When the strain gauge changes, it means that the crack width also changes. It is similar to the sticking brittle material method. This method can only identify whether there is a change in the width of the fracture, but cannot quantify the change in the width of the fracture. .
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种测量准确、成本低廉的基于应变感应的裂缝宽度变化动态监测装置，以实现动态、准确地识别裂缝宽度的变化，可广泛适用于大坝、房屋建筑、桥梁结构等裂缝宽度变化的识别与监测。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dynamic monitoring device for crack width change based on strain induction with accurate measurement and low cost, so as to realize dynamic and accurate identification of crack width change, which can be widely used in dams, building construction, Identification and monitoring of crack width changes in bridge structures, etc.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
基于应变感应的裂缝宽度变化动态监测装置，主要由底座支架、感应杆、传递弹簧和应变感应装置组成；2个底座支架的中心间距为L，其中一个底座支架的顶端开孔并穿插一感应杆，在开孔两侧采用螺帽固定感应杆一端，另一个底座支架的顶端与传递弹簧一端连接，感应杆的另一端与传递弹簧另一端连接；感应杆上粘附应变感应装置，应变感应装置与应变采集机箱连接，应变感应装置及粘附应变感应装置的感应杆部分由防护材料包裹防护。The dynamic monitoring device for crack width change based on strain induction is mainly composed of a base bracket, a sensing rod, a transfer spring and a strain sensing device; the distance between the centers of the two base brackets is L, and the top of one of the base brackets has a hole and a sensing rod inserted therein , one end of the sensing rod is fixed with a nut on both sides of the opening, the top of the other base bracket is connected to one end of the transmission spring, and the other end of the sensing rod is connected to the other end of the transmission spring; a strain sensing device is attached to the sensing rod, and the strain sensing device Connected with the strain collection case, the strain sensing device and the sensing rod part of the adhesive strain sensing device are wrapped and protected by protective materials.
2个底座支架的材料、尺寸相同。The material and size of the two base brackets are the same.
应变感应装置为钢弦式、电阻应变片式或光栅式。The strain sensing device is steel string type, resistance strain gauge type or grating type.
感应杆的截面面积不小于30mm2，长度与截面等效面积的圆的半径比不小于9，材料弹性模量在40GPa～210GPa之间，传递弹簧的刚度大于2000N/mm。The cross-sectional area of the induction rod is not less than 30mm 2 , the radius ratio of the length to the equivalent area of the cross-section is not less than 9, the elastic modulus of the material is between 40GPa and 210GPa, and the stiffness of the transmission spring is greater than 2000N/mm.
针对现有裂缝宽度变化测试准确度不足等问题，发明人建立了一种基于应变感应的裂缝宽度变化动态监测方法，该法采用一定刚度的传递弹簧和感应杆进行一定构造的连接组合，采用应变感应装置测试在感应杆上的应变变化值，通过力学和材料学原理计算裂缝宽度的变化值，从而实现裂缝宽度变化的动态监测。据此，发明人还设计制作了相应监测装置。使用该监测方法和装置，结合发明人经材料力学及结构力学方法推导的基于弹簧的刚度、感应杆的物理特性的高准确度裂缝宽度变化求解公式，可以实现裂缝宽度的变化动态识别和监测，降低人的劳动强度和测试成本，可广泛适用于大坝、房屋建筑、桥梁结构等裂缝宽度变化的识别与监测。与现有技术相比，本发明的突出优势在于：In view of the lack of accuracy of the existing crack width change test, the inventor established a dynamic monitoring method for crack width change based on strain induction. The sensing device tests the strain change value on the sensing rod, and calculates the change value of the crack width through the principles of mechanics and material science, so as to realize the dynamic monitoring of the crack width change. Accordingly, the inventor also designed and produced a corresponding monitoring device. Using the monitoring method and device, combined with the high-accuracy crack width change solution formula based on the stiffness of the spring and the physical characteristics of the sensing rod derived by the inventor through the method of material mechanics and structural mechanics, the dynamic identification and monitoring of the change of the crack width can be realized. It reduces human labor intensity and test cost, and can be widely used in the identification and monitoring of crack width changes in dams, building buildings, bridge structures, etc. Compared with the prior art, the outstanding advantages of the present invention are:
(1)技术原理与其他方法不同，通过裂缝宽度的变化转化为弹簧内力，传递至感应杆，通过应变识别感应杆内力，经材料力学及结构力学的推导确定裂缝宽度的变化量，物理量传递简单、明确；(1) The technical principle is different from other methods. The change of the crack width is converted into the internal force of the spring, which is transmitted to the sensing rod. The internal force of the sensing rod is identified through the strain, and the change of the crack width is determined through the derivation of material mechanics and structural mechanics. The physical quantity transfer is simple. ,clear;
(2)测试装置工具简单，成本低廉，易于更换维修。(2) The test device has simple tools, low cost, and is easy to replace and maintain.
(3)裂缝宽度变化识别精度高，对于裂缝宽度的变化识别精度可达0.001mm；(3) The identification accuracy of crack width change is high, and the identification accuracy of crack width change can reach 0.001mm;
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明基于应变感应的裂缝宽度变化动态监测方法的使用状态图及其监测装置的结构示意图(垂直于感应杆和传递弹簧)。Fig. 1 is the use status diagram of the strain-sensing based crack width change dynamic monitoring method of the present invention and the structural schematic diagram of the monitoring device (perpendicular to the sensing rod and the transfer spring).
图2是本发明基于应变感应的裂缝宽度变化动态监测方法及装置的力学原理示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical principle of the strain-sensing-based dynamic monitoring method and device for crack width variation in the present invention.
图中：1结构表面，2裂缝，3底座支架，4感应杆，5电阻式应变片，6传递弹簧，7螺帽。In the figure: 1 structure surface, 2 cracks, 3 base support, 4 induction rod, 5 resistive strain gauge, 6 transfer spring, 7 nut.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明基于应变感应的裂缝宽度变化动态监测方法及装置的基本原理The basic principle of the strain sensing-based dynamic monitoring method and device for crack width change in the present invention
1.操作步骤1. Operation steps
如图1和图2所示，在裂缝两侧的结构表面(如结构表面1)，垂直裂缝2方向分别钻孔植筋或焊接中心间距为L的2个材料、尺寸相同的底座支架3；将感应杆4的一端穿入其中一个底座支架的顶端开孔，感应杆的另一端与传递弹簧6一端连接，传递弹簧另一端与另一底座支架顶端相连接；在感应杆上粘附电阻式应变片5(或其他应变测试装置，如钢弦频率法或光纤光栅法)，并用防护材料包裹防护电阻式应变片及粘附电阻式应变片的感应杆部分；将电阻式应变片与应变采集机箱连接，并采用螺帽7在底座支架顶端开孔的两侧将感应杆拧紧，使传递弹簧、感应杆和底座支架充分受力；不定时或定时读取感应杆的实测应变为(即示值应变)；按公式计算获得裂缝宽度的变化值；其中，感应杆的长度、材料弹性模量、截面面积分别为lg、A及E，传递弹簧的刚度为k。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, on the structural surface on both sides of the crack (such as the structural surface 1), the vertical crack 2 direction is respectively drilled and planted bars or welded with two materials with a center distance of L and base brackets 3 of the same size; Insert one end of the sensing rod 4 into the opening at the top of one of the base brackets, the other end of the sensing rod is connected to one end of the transfer spring 6, and the other end of the transfer spring is connected to the top of the other base bracket; Strain gauge 5 (or other strain measuring devices, such as the steel string frequency method or fiber grating method), and wrap the sensing rod part of the protective resistive strain gauge and the adhesion resistive strain gauge with protective material; Connect the chassis, and use the nut 7 to tighten the sensing rod on both sides of the opening at the top of the base bracket, so that the transmission spring, sensing rod and base bracket are fully stressed; the measured strain of the sensing rod is read at irregular times or at regular intervals. (that is, the strain of the indicated value); according to the formula The change value of the crack width is obtained by calculation; where, the length of the sensing rod, the elastic modulus of the material, and the cross-sectional area are l g , A and E, respectively, and the stiffness of the transmission spring is k.
2.公式推导2. Formula derivation
如图2所示，感应杆的长度、材料弹性模量、截面面积分为lg、A及E，传递弹簧的刚度为k，在力F的作用下，传递弹簧和感应杆的仲长量分别为Δlc、Δlg，由传递弹簧和感应杆的轴向力相等，可得式(1)：As shown in Figure 2, the length of the induction rod, the modulus of elasticity of the material, and the cross-sectional area are divided into l g , A and E, and the stiffness of the transmission spring is k. Under the action of the force F, the secondary length of the transmission spring and the induction rod are Δl c and Δl g respectively, and the axial force of the transmission spring and the sensing rod are equal, the formula (1) can be obtained:
式(1)化简后得式(2)：Formula (1) is simplified to get formula (2):
令传递弹簧和感应杆的总仲长量为ΔL，总仲长量ΔL即为裂缝宽度的变化量，则有式(3)：Let the total secondary length of the transmission spring and the sensing rod be ΔL, and the total secondary length ΔL is the change in crack width, then there is formula (3):
ΔL＝Δlc+Δlg (3)ΔL=Δl c +Δl g (3)
式(2)带入式(3)后得式(4)：Formula (2) is brought into formula (3) to get formula (4):
令并带入式(4)，为感应杆的示值应变，化简后得式(5)：make And into formula (4), is the indicated strain of the sensing rod, and after simplification, the formula (5) is obtained:
此时，令可得式(6)：At this time, let Available formula (6):
χ为与感应杆和传递弹簧截面面积、长度和弹性模量相关的特征系数。式(6)中结构的应变为某一值，当已知感应杆截面面积、长度和弹性模量和和传递弹簧刚度时，即可求得裂缝的宽度变化量。χ is the characteristic coefficient related to the cross-sectional area, length and elastic modulus of the induction rod and the transmission spring. The strain of the structure in formula (6) For a certain value, when the cross-sectional area, length, elastic modulus and transmission spring stiffness of the sensing rod are known, the change in width of the crack can be obtained.
当感应杆的材料最大线性应变为εe，则所能识别的裂缝宽度最大变化量，即是量程为该法所能识别的裂缝宽度最小变化量为 When the maximum linear strain of the material of the sensing rod is ε e , the maximum change in crack width that can be identified is the range of The minimum variation of crack width that can be identified by this method is
3.应用实例3. Application examples
应用前述方法及装置，其中，感应杆的长度、材料弹性模量、截面面积分别为lg＝40mm、A＝30mm2及E＝90GPa，传递弹簧的刚度为k＝2000N/mm，感应杆材料最大线性应变为εe＝1000，则求得该裂缝宽度变化量的监测方法的精度为0.000167mm，裂缝宽度变化量测试量程为1.66mm。Apply the aforementioned method and device, wherein the length, material elastic modulus, and cross-sectional area of the sensing rod are lg =40mm, A =30mm and E=90GPa respectively, the stiffness of the transmission spring is k=2000N/mm, and the sensing rod material The maximum linear strain is ε e = 1000, then the accuracy of the monitoring method for obtaining the variation of the crack width is 0.000167mm, and the test range of the variation of the crack width is 1.66mm.
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| CN201610784215.6A Pending CN106197342A (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Fracture width change dynamic monitor based on strain sensing |
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| CN106840064A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 长沙理工大学 | Bridge expansion joint displacement monitoring devices |
| CN107228800A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-03 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of experimental method of indoor real-time dynamic monitoring hydraulic fracture slit width |
| CN107462197A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-12-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | A kind of relative displacement measuring method and relative displacement measurement apparatus |
| CN107884513A (en) * | 2017-10-29 | 2018-04-06 | 宋金博 | A kind of Bridge Crack identification device and its application method based on strain sensing |
| CN108469453A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-31 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Crack resolution detection method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106840064A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 长沙理工大学 | Bridge expansion joint displacement monitoring devices |
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| CN108469453A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-31 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Crack resolution detection method |
| CN108469453B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-12-29 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Crack resolution detection method |
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Application publication date: 20161207 |