CN106196725B - Supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump - Google Patents

Supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump Download PDF

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CN106196725B
CN106196725B CN201610682126.0A CN201610682126A CN106196725B CN 106196725 B CN106196725 B CN 106196725B CN 201610682126 A CN201610682126 A CN 201610682126A CN 106196725 B CN106196725 B CN 106196725B
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steam
water
heating
diffuser
increasing enthalpy
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CN106196725A (en
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魏仕英
刘健英
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00Heat pumps

Abstract

Supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump.It is made of coaxial air chamber, increasing enthalpy Laval nozzle, increasing enthalpy supersonic diffuser and spray supercharger connected in sequence.Laval nozzle is convergent divergent channel.Diffuser is convergence pipe, trunnion, expansion pipe.There are the heating room of heating fin and sealing in Laval nozzle and diffuser periphery, and the two heating room is axially connected to.Heating can use steam, solar energy or electric energy.There are hydroecium, steam chest in spray supercharger, and fills atomizer hot water spray and generate back pressure needed for supersonic speed.Experiment proves, when throttle (steam) temperature is 60 DEG C, pressure 20KPa, increasing enthalpy heat is 180KJ/kg, and spraying water temperature is 90 DEG C, pressure 0.30MPa, when liquid to steam ratio is 5.0,80 DEG C of temperature is can get using this heat pump, the saturated vapor of pressure 48KPa is much higher than the thermal efficiency of existing all kinds of water vapour heat pumps by the second law thermal efficiency more than 50%.This high-efficient steam heat pump can be widely used in the systems such as evaporation and concentration, sea water desalination, polluted water process and low pressure water vapor reuse.

Description

Supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump
One technical field:Supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump, belongs to heat pump system equipment (F25B).
Two technical backgrounds
1. the utilization of low pressure water vapor is the energy-saving and environment-friendly hot spot of today's society, difficult point, while being also new technology, NPD projects Growing point.The change of numerous industries can be driven by solving this problem.
Existing heat pump will realize the supercharging of low pressure water vapor substantially by the way of compression.Water vapour compresses thermodynamics It points out, to the result of saturated vapor compression, its final state must be superheat state, wherein 80% or more energy expenditure is in water vapour Overheat, energy less than 20% is for compressing.This just teaches that, the effect of water vapour heat pump can not be improved with the mode of compression Rate, while also teaching that only utilize water vapor pressure compression process to generate crosses thermal energy, the heat of water vapour heat pump could be improved Efficiency.
2. the approach of superheated vapour spraying supercharging
It is well known that superheated vapour spraying cold water can obtain desuperheat, decompression saturated vapor.Otherwise to overheat The saturated vapor of desuperheat supercharging then can be obtained in superheated water of spraying in water vapour.Calculating is pointed out, when the saturation temperature of water vapour is 60 DEG C, 30 DEG C of overtemperature, 90 DEG C of superheated water of spraying can be obtained 80 DEG C of saturation temperature, pressure 48KPa saturated vapor.
Therefore, low pressure water vapor is converted into superheated vapour, then implements spraying and can get energy-efficient water vapour Heat pump.
3. the thermodynamic properties of water vapour and its steam flow
The latent heat of vaporization of water about 2500KJ/kg is that a kind of maximum substance of the latent heat of vaporization, water are inhaled because of evaporation on the earth Heat, heat release due to condensation, does work because of phase transformation.In the Nature, water vapour has overheat, saturation and contains wet three kinds of states.It is wet The characteristics of steam is cannot to compress, but be easy to absorb heat.Moist steam is evaporated due to mass dryness fraction x risings because absorbing heat.Heating amount increases 25KJ/ Kg, water evaporation 1%.Before steam flow mass dryness fraction reaches 1.00, steam flow it is temperature-resistant, pressure is also constant.Saturated vapor is dry The water vapour that degree is 1.00, the degree of superheat is 0.Its main feature is that temperature, pressure, heat content three one-to-one correspondence.Different pressures water vapour Enthalpy difference it is small, and the latent heat of vaporization can be discharged because of condensation.Saturated vapor is overheated because of compression, therefore presses vapour energy consumption big.
Superheated vapour is that mass dryness fraction is 1.00, and adiabatic exponent 1.33, temperature is more than the water vapour of saturated vapor.Overheat is steamed Vapour may be regarded as ideal gas, and pressure vapour energy consumption is less than saturated vapor.
Table 1 is the thermal parameter table 1 of different pressures saturated vapor
Table 1 points out that the enthalpy difference between different pressures water vapour is very little, if therefore can be to 1 increasing enthalpy of saturated vapor, I Be possible to obtain energy-efficient water vapor pressure steam turbine.
Aerodynamics points out that the saturated vapor for being expanded to supersonic condition is stream containing wet steam.
The velocity coeffficient λ of steam flow is defined thus
λ=ω/a* wherein ω --- steam flow speed a* --- critical velocity of sound
Table 2 is the relation table 2 of the velocity coeffficient λ and steam flow mass dryness fraction x of steam flow
λ 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
x 1.00 0.994 0.993 0.976 0.966 0.952 0.935 0.918 0.890 0.850
Table 2 points out that supersonic speed steam flow is moist steam steam flow, and speed is higher, and steam flow mass dryness fraction x is smaller, containing wet bigger.This is just It teaches that, supersonic flow can be obtained with Laval nozzle by the method for aerodynamics.
4. heating the influence to flow parameter
Aerodynamics is pointed out, for ideal gas, either subcritical flow or supersonic flow, the effect of heating is to make The total temperature of air-flow increases, total drops, and air velocity is close to velocity of sound.Occur heating when gas velocity reaches velocity of sound to be jammed.To super Sonic flow heating makes static pressure increase, and static temperature improves, and is then to decline to subcritical flow.
It is the heat absorption that evaporates the water first to wet steam flow heating, followed by changes vapour speed, then steam flow is made to overheat.It is above-mentioned Heating these characteristics of air-flow is<Spray increasing enthalpy Phase Transformation Booster water vapour heat pump>Theoretical foundation.
5. Chinese invention patent " injection increasing enthalpy Phase Transformation Booster water vapour heat pump " (ZL201110087683.5) proposes State the injection increasing enthalpy Phase Transformation Booster principle of water vapour, and experiments prove that and optimize this principle, but in practice, it has been found that What the invention used generates pressure difference convection current by volume-expanding pressure-reducing principle, but volume-expanding pressure-reducing technology is difficult to ensure the realization of design conditions, It is susceptible to the backflow phenomenon of supercharging vapour simultaneously.The outlet in Laval nozzle is needed to establish the reason is that generating supersonic flow Pressure is less than 0.5 times of import pressure, this low pressure can be sprayed by steam, water injection and oil-sealed rotary pump generate. But steam injection consumption steam, water injection can be such that steam condenses, and oil-sealed rotary pump can take away low pressure water vapor, these methods are all right It is obstructed.
Three invention contents
Supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump of the present invention, it is above-mentioned existing special the purpose is to need to solve There is the backflow phenomenon of supercharging vapour in profit, it is difficult to and the back pressure for meeting supersonic speed Laval nozzle is less than the requirement of 0.5 times of import, It is difficult to ensure the problem of design conditions are realized.It is allowed to provide a kind of more energy-efficient water vapour heat pump, to realize low pressure water Steam recycles.
Technical solution:
Supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump, includes the air chamber 1 of axial forward end, it is characterized in that:1) Air chamber rear end is coaxial and is sequentially connected with increasing enthalpy Laval nozzle 2, increasing enthalpy supersonic diffuser 3, and spraying pumping chamber 4.2) increase Enthalpy Laval nozzle center is the Laval nozzle 2.2 of convergence-expansion, and heating fin 2.3 in Lavalle is fixed with outside expansion segment, Lavalle heating fin periphery sets closed cylindrical shell 2.4A, is formed and is drawn between cylindrical shell 2.4A and Laval nozzle surface Wa Er heats room 2.4, and external heating steam steam inlet pipe 2.6 from cylindrical shell is passed through.Heat room front and rear ends point in Lavalle The not closed Lavalle that is welded in goes out into vapour flange 2.1 and Lavalle on vapour flange 2.5;Lavalle goes out vapour flange 2.5 and is equipped with and expansion The exhaust hole A that depressor heating room 3.6 communicates.3) increasing enthalpy supersonic diffuser center has by convergence pipe 3.1, trunnion 3.2, expansion pipe 3.3 thin-wall tubes being welded;Convergence tube outer surface is fixed with diffuser heating fin 3.5;Diffuser heating fin periphery is set Closed cylindrical shell 3.6A forms diffuser heating room 3.6 between cylindrical shell 3.6A and convergence pipe 3.1, is led to by exhaust hole A Enter heating steam heating.The front and back ends of diffuser heating room respectively the closed diffuser that is welded in into vapour flange 3.4 and annular blind plate On 3.7, annular blind plate is totally enclosed annular slab, and rear end face is opened aperture and is connected to condensate draining pipe 3.8, condensate draining pipe 3.8 outlet is stretched into spraying pumping chamber, and is welded and fixed.4) spraying pumping chamber forms as follows:In front shroud 4.1 and back shroud There is central passage to be pressurized steam chest 4.2 between 4.6, there are the Taper Pipe 4.7 and gland steam exhauster 4.8 of connection in supercharging steam chest rear end.It is pressurized steam chest Periphery fills the supercharging hydroecium 4.3 for being passed through hot water;It is pressurized in steam chest and atomizer 4.5 is housed, atomizer is provided by supercharging hydroecium Water inlet.Atomizer arrangement using being placed in the front end one on central axes, or rear end add three be circumferentially arranged symmetrically and More than.For every atomizer by the spherical spin chamber 4.51 being connected to water inlet pipe 4.56, spherical spin chamber top fills (operating) water nozzle 4.52, (operating) water nozzle is cased with drainage sleeve 4.54 outside, has air inlet 4.55, water inlet pipe 4.56 to be connected to supercharging hydroecium on drainage sleeve.
At above-mentioned Lavalle heating room 2.4 and diffuser heating room 3.6, photoelectric heating can be set and substitute steam heating System.The photoelectric heating can be solar heater, electric heater or electrical heating illuminator.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1) present invention according to the principle of aerodynamics, thermodynamics and fluidics by the pressurization of water vapour by tradition Mechanical compression change into external heat increasing enthalpy and spraying, to dramatically save the pressure vapour energy consumption of water vapour, thus be evaporation The utilization of energy saving, waste water, exhaust gas, waste heat opens new energy conservation and environmental protection approach.A large amount of experiment is confirming this principle just True property.
2) the spraying pumping chamber 4 of the invention with newly-designed spraying superheated water is instead of the volume-expanding pressure-reducing pipe in above-mentioned patent 4, hereby it is ensured that the realizations of design conditions.Experiment show that, when being 60 DEG C by supercharging Low pressure steam saturation temperature, pressure is 20KPa, flow be 150kg/h when (1 intake condition of inlet plenum), increasing enthalpy heat be 180KJ/kg when (refer to Laval nozzle and Increasing enthalpy heat at diffuser two);Phase transformation enthalpy increasing heat pump exhaust temperature is 88 DEG C, diffuser exit pressure 15KPa;Atomizer Spray parameters:Vapo(u)rizing temperature is 90 DEG C, pressure 0.3MPa, and water is the superheated water of 0.3T/h;Finally obtain 80 DEG C of saturated water Steam, pressure 48KPa, compression ratio are more than 2.4 (this is that spraying pumping chamber 4 exports steam parameters), and the thermal efficiency is more than 0.8, it is much higher than the thermal efficiency of existing mechanical type pressing steam turbine and steam jet heat pump.To open new way for evaporation energy-saving Diameter.This high-efficient steam heat pump can be widely used for the systems such as evaporation and concentration, sea water desalination, polluted water process and low pressure water vapor reuse In.
3) the spraying flash principle of the water vapour of present invention spraying pumping chamber 4
The operating back pressure needed for Laval nozzle 3 and supersonic diffuser 4 is obtained using spraying flash principle in the present invention , i.e., setting spraying pumping chamber obtains.
So-called flash distillation means unexpected Evaporation Phenomenon of water under the conditions of supercooling.The result of flash distillation makes water temperature reduce, and produces simultaneously Producing water vapor, and the pressure of flash-steam is less than the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to flash distillation water temperature.This phenomenon is referred to as The boiling point appreciation phenomenon of evaporation process, the evaporite ratio of flash distillation is bigger, and flash distillation steam temperature is lower.Due to water the latent heat of vaporization about 2500KG/kg, therefore 1% water temperature of water evaporation about drops 6 DEG C.
Thermal parameter when table 3 is 100 DEG C of hot water jets
Flash distillation steam temperature is to influence the major reason of the evaporator thermal efficiency less than the boiling point appreciation phenomenon of flash distillation water temperature, is being evaporated It needs that boiling point is avoided to appreciate in the design of device.However this phenomenon realizes that Supersonic phase transformation increasing enthalpy provides technological means for us.
Four description of the drawings
Fig. 1 supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump overall structure axial sectional view.
Fig. 2 injection supercharging 4.5 axial sectional views of an indoor injection nozzle.
Fig. 3 is Figure 1A-A sectional views, that is, 4 cross-sectional view of pumping chamber of spraying.Show the distribution of injection nozzle.
Five specific implementation modes
Embodiment 1:
1) see Fig. 1, supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump, by air chamber 1 coaxial and connected in sequence, Increasing enthalpy Laval nozzle 2, increasing enthalpy supersonic diffuser 3 and spraying pumping chamber 4 form.See Fig. 1, air chamber 1 is by connected in sequence Fixed steam inlet pipe 1.1, end socket 1.2, cylinder type steam chest 1.3 and inlet plenum flange 1.4 are welded.
2) see that Fig. 1, increasing enthalpy Laval nozzle 2 are formed as follows:Center sets the Laval nozzle 2.2 of a convergence-expansion, Heating fin 2.3 in Lavalle is fixed with outside expansion segment, Lavalle heating fin periphery sets closed cylindrical shell 2.4A, in cylinder Lavalle is formed between shell 2.4A and Laval nozzle surface and heats room 2.4, and chamber outer wall trepanning is heated in Lavalle, is fixed with water steaming Vapour steam inlet pipe and flange 2.6, water vapour are passed through by external heating steam, the increasing enthalpy water vapour W2 provided.Lavalle goes out vapour method Orchid 2.5 is equipped with the exhaust hole A communicated with diffuser heating room 3.6.
Lavalle heating 2.4 front and rear ends of room go out vapour flange in the closed Lavalle that is welded in into vapour flange 2.1 and Lavalle respectively On 2.5;The closed weld seam in Lavalle front end is 2M, and the closed weld seam in Lavalle rear end is 2N.Can make Lavalle heating room steam W2 with It is isolated by compressed steam in convergent-divergent channel.
3) see that Fig. 1,3 center of increasing enthalpy supersonic diffuser have by convergence pipe 3.1, trunnion 3.2, expansion pipe 3.3 is welded Thin-wall tube.Convergence tube outer surface is fixed with diffuser heating fin 3.5;3.5 periphery of diffuser heating fin sets closed circle Cylinder shell 2.4A forms diffuser heating room 3.6 between cylindrical shell 2.4A and convergence pipe 3.1, heating water is passed through by exhaust hole A Steam heats.Into on the end face of vapour flange 3.4, rear end is closed to be welded in the closed diffuser that is welded in front end of diffuser heating room 3.6 On annular blind plate 3.7, annular blind plate 3.7 is totally enclosed annular slab, and rear end face is opened aperture and is connected to condensate draining pipe 3.8, The outlet of condensate draining pipe 3.8 is stretched into spraying pumping chamber, and is welded and fixed.Condensed water W3 is discharged into spraying pumping chamber's steam chest 4.2。
Diffuser heating 26 front and rear ends of room respectively the closed diffuser that is welded in on vapour flange 3.4 and annular blind plate 3.7; The closed weld seam in diffuser front end is 3M, and the closed weld seam in diffuser rear end is 3N.It can make diffuser heating room steam W2 and diffuser It is interior to be isolated by compressed steam.
4) see that Fig. 1, spraying pumping chamber 4 are formed as follows:There is central passage supercharging between front shroud 4.1 and back shroud 4.6 There are the Taper Pipe 4.7 and gland steam exhauster 4.8 of connection in steam chest 4.2, supercharging steam chest rear end.The installing of supercharging steam chest periphery is passed through the supercharging of hot water Hydroecium 4.3.It is pressurized in steam chest and atomizer 4.5 is housed, atomizer provides water inlet by supercharging hydroecium.See Fig. 2, every mist simultaneously Change nozzle 4.5 by the spherical spin chamber 4.51 being connected to water inlet pipe 4.56, spherical spin chamber top fills (operating) water nozzle 4.52, (operating) water nozzle It is cased with drainage sleeve 4.54 outside, there is air inlet 4.55 on drainage sleeve.Atomizer 4.5 vaporizes hot water W4.5 when work, in steam chest Pumping chamber's supercharging is realized in middle spraying.1 atomizer of the present embodiment is set as one and is placed on the central axes of spraying 4 front end of pumping chamber, The atomizer is the label positions 4.5a (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2).
The effect of above-mentioned increasing enthalpy Laval nozzle 3 and increasing enthalpy supersonic diffuser 4 is to make to be pressurized water vapour to heat as mistake Hot water and steam, the effect of spraying pumping chamber 4 be provide operating back pressure for Supersonic Flow, and by way of steam-water mixing incited somebody to action Hot water and steam is changed into the saturated vapor of supercharging.
The course of work is as follows:See Fig. 1
1) supercharging hydroecium 4.3 first is passed through warm water W4.5, starts atomizer 4.5, warm water is atomized, and is flashed using spraying Principle obtain Laval nozzle generate Supersonic Flow needed for backpressure condition.
2) ultrasonic flowing is the precondition of phase transformation increasing enthalpy, and pressure difference generates convection current, the effect of pressure difference in front and back end Under, the low pressure water vapor W1 of inlet plenum is accelerated by Laval nozzle as supersonic speed wet steam flow, and 3 turns of diffuser is then flowed through Become subcritical flow.After flowing stable, phase transformation increasing enthalpy is implemented to supersonic flow by heating steam.There are three types of phase transformation increasing enthalpies Effect makes steam flow mass dryness fraction increase become ideal gas first, next makes the total temperature of ideal gas stream and static pressure increase, and flow velocity is to sound Speed is close, is thirdly that ideal gas is made to overheat.The superposition of three kinds of effects makes steam flow obtain big increasing enthalpy heat, finally with overheat The form of steam flows out diffuser.
3) it after heated condition is stablized, improves and is pressurized the water temperature that hydroecium 4.3 is passed through warm water W4.5, that is, water temperature of spraying, by This obtains the supersaturation water steam for heating supercharging.Supersaturation water steam becomes dry saturated vapor after steam-water separation again, send to User.
Embodiment 2, in addition to following characteristics, in embodiment 1 or identical.
See that Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, atomizer 4.5 are arranged:An atomizer is set on the central axes of spraying 4 front end of pumping chamber (position for being labeled as 4.5a) is circumferentially evenly distributed with four atomizers 4.5 in spraying 4 rear end of pumping chamber.
Embodiment 3, in addition to following characteristics, in identical with embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.Above-mentioned Lavalle heating mantle 2.4 and diffuser heating mantle 3.6 at, cancel steam heating.Install photoelectric heating:Using solar heater, electrical heating Device or electrical heating illuminator.

Claims (3)

1. supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump includes the air chamber (1) of axial forward end, it is characterized in that
1) air chamber rear end is coaxial and is sequentially connected with increasing enthalpy Laval nozzle (2), and increasing enthalpy supersonic diffuser (3), and spraying increase Pressure chamber (4);
2) increasing enthalpy Laval nozzle center is the Laval nozzle (2.2) of convergence-expansion, and being fixed with Lavalle outside expansion segment adds Hot fin (2.3), Lavalle heating fin periphery sets closed cylindrical shell (2.4A), in cylindrical shell (2.4A) and Lavalle Lavalle heating room (2.4) is formed between nozzle surface, external heating steam steam inlet pipe (2.6) from cylindrical shell is passed through;It draws Wa Er heating room front and rear ends go out into vapour flange (2.1) and Lavalle on vapour flange (2.5) the closed Lavalle that is welded in respectively;It draws Wa Er goes out vapour flange and is equipped with the exhaust hole A communicated with diffuser heating room;
3) increasing enthalpy supersonic diffuser center has manages (3.1) by convergence, trunnion (3.2), the thin-walled that expansion pipe (3.3) is welded Pipe;Convergence tube outer surface is fixed with diffuser heating fin (3.5);Diffuser heating fin periphery sets closed cylindrical shell (3.6A) forms diffuser heating room (3.6) between cylindrical shell (3.6A) and convergence pipe, and being passed through heating water by exhaust hole A steams Vapour heats;The front and back ends of diffuser heating room respectively the closed diffuser that is welded in on vapour flange (3.4) and annular blind plate (3.7), Annular blind plate is totally enclosed annular slab, and rear end face is opened aperture and is connected to condensate draining pipe (3.8), and condensate draining pipe goes out Mouth stretches into spraying pumping chamber, and is welded and fixed;
4) spraying pumping chamber forms as follows:There is central passage to be pressurized steam chest between front shroud (4.1) and back shroud (4.6) (4.2), there are the Taper Pipe (4.7) and gland steam exhauster (4.8) of connection in supercharging steam chest rear end;Supercharging steam chest periphery dress is passed through the supercharging of hot water Hydroecium (4.3);It is pressurized in steam chest and atomizer (4.5) is housed, atomizer provides water inlet by supercharging hydroecium;Atomizer is arranged Circumferentially uniformly distributed three or more are added using the front end being placed on central axes one, or in rear end;Every atomizer by with The spherical spin chamber (4.51) of water inlet pipe (4.56) connection, spherical spin chamber's top dress (operating) water nozzle (4.52), (operating) water nozzle are cased with outside Drainage sleeve (4.54) has on drainage sleeve air inlet (4.55), water inlet pipe (4.56) to be connected to supercharging hydroecium.
2. supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy as described in claim 1-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump, it is characterized in that the Lavalle It heats at room and diffuser heating room, setting photoelectric heating substitutes steam-heating system.
3. supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy as described in claim 2-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump, it is characterized in that the photoelectricity adds Hot charging is set to solar heater, electric heater or electrical heating illuminator.
CN201610682126.0A 2016-09-13 2016-09-13 Supersonic speed phase transformation increasing enthalpy-spraying pressurized water steam heat pump Active CN106196725B (en)

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CN111456973A (en) * 2020-04-23 2020-07-28 自然资源部天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 Steam jet pump with nozzle heating function
CN113266609B (en) * 2021-06-02 2023-04-07 傅朝清 Hydrothermal solution injection multi-unit vapor compression device and heat pump

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CN104929990B (en) * 2015-05-15 2017-09-05 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 Injector jet pipe
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