CN106195515B - A kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating molding repair apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating molding repair apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN106195515B CN106195515B CN201610552208.3A CN201610552208A CN106195515B CN 106195515 B CN106195515 B CN 106195515B CN 201610552208 A CN201610552208 A CN 201610552208A CN 106195515 B CN106195515 B CN 106195515B
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- heating
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
- F16L55/168—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe
- F16L55/17—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe by means of rings, bands or sleeves pressed against the outside surface of the pipe or hose
- F16L55/1705—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe by means of rings, bands or sleeves pressed against the outside surface of the pipe or hose with a substantially radial tightening member
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/16—Materials undergoing chemical reactions when used
- C09K5/18—Non-reversible chemical reactions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heatings to be molded repair apparatus, include the vacuum pressed layer and heating layer assembly that composite panels are pressed on to the composite structure surface being repaired, it is characterized in that, the vacuum pressed layer includes high-temperature resistant membrane and the bleeding point on high-temperature resistant membrane, the bleeding point is check valve, the heating layer assembly includes the self-heating material layer of self-heating material solid part composition, self-heating material layer is adjacent in vacuum pressed layer outer surface and the insulating layer that is coated on outside self-heating material layer, water filling port and exhaust outlet, the insulating layer includes outermost high-temperature resistant membrane, the airfelt of middle layer and the pellosil of internal layer.The repair apparatus of the present invention using self-heating material itself exothermicity to composite patch carry out quickly, easily solidification repairing, the heating temperature time meets the solidifying requirements of composite patch, repair piece can be made to obtain excellent mechanical property.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to composite panels repairing technique field, which is with a kind of mixed material material, profit
The device being heating and curing to patch with self-heat generation.
Background technology
And due to the aging of lining material during the mechanical damage in constructional deficiency or maintenance process, and military service, no
It is evitable the case where composite structure local damage occur.In recent years, metal component is repaired using composite patch
Structural damage has at home and abroad obtained extensive research application.Phase early 1970s, Australia aviation research institute are first
The Bonded Repair Technique of composite material is first used on aircaft configuration.The eighties, the U.S. have also carried out corresponding research, and to C-
141 have carried out the repairing of composite material.The damage reparation of composite material has formed a more complete system at present.China is related
The research of aspect originates in middle and later periods the 1980s, and main includes repairing design, repair technology etc..
Composite patch is made of adhesive and high strength fibre, either the prepreg of second bonding, or existing
The cured composite patch in field, is required to a stationary temperature field, composite patch and adhesive is made to be fully cured.Cause
This, it is to realize composite patch recovery technique quickly and efficiently one of key factor to select suitable curing mode.Composite wood
The method of material curing molding has very much, and current most common curing is the method for vulcanizing, room temperature fast-curing, ultraviolet light solidification method
With microwave curing method etc..
1) method of vulcanizing vulcanizes method mainly under vacuum, so that composite patch is cured using heating equipment, securely
It is bonded in damage location surface.Parts member damage is repaired using method solidification composite patch is vulcanized, has at home and abroad been obtained
To extensive research and application.The method of vulcanizing is to vulcanize instrument as core, be integrated with the functions such as dedusting, drying, vacuum pressed, heating
With one, repairing quality is relatively high.
2) ultraviolet light solidification photocuring is to make matrix resin using the fast feature of light-sensitive emulsion curing rate with light-sensitive emulsion, use
Prepreg repaired patch is made as reinforcing material in high strength fibre, according to the demand for repairing object, suitable repair is selected to mend
Piece cures rapidly under the irradiation of light, and one reaches the method quickly repaired to crackle, cavity, corrosion equivalent damage form.
Theoretically, the light section of various wavelength can cause curing reaction, at present mainly based on ultraviolet light solidification repairing.It is ultraviolet
Photocuring technology obtains extensive use, by this in the fields such as coating, binder as an energy saving and environment-friendly type new technology
Technology is for the developing direction that the preparation of polymer matrix composites is that another is new in recent years.Ultraviolet light solidification is in ultraviolet light spoke
It penetrates down, the photoinitiator in material system is excited, and generates free radicals or cationic, to cause unsaturated double-bond in material
Deng substance between chemical reaction (mainly each type of polymerization), form the three-dimensional-structure having cured.Currently, ultraviolet light cures
Composite material has good repair efficiency to the laminate sample containing artificial defect, is repaiied using ultraviolet light solidification composite material
It is a kind of fast and effectively method for repairing and mending that subsidy piece carries out repairing to defect.
3) microwave curing method microwave curing be it is a kind of absorbing microwave energy by object and convert thereof into thermal energy, keep itself whole
The mode of heating two of heating is different from other conventional heating modes completely simultaneously.Microwave heating technique is by inside heated object
Dipole high-frequency reciprocating moves, and generates " interior frictional heat " and heating object material temperature degree is made to increase, be not necessary to any conductive process, energy
Make inside material while heating while heating up, heating speed is fast and uniform, it is only necessary to the part of the energy consumption of traditional heating mode
Or tens/once can reach heating purpose.The characteristics of microwave heating：Homogeneous heating, speed are fast, and selectivity heats, easy to operate
Control, high field high temperature, heating penetration capacity are strong.
It is long all to there is heating time in above-mentioned composite patch curing, needs the extraneous energy that provides to be heated, needs
The shortcomings of power supply, heat source, operation is complex, cannot meet short time repair function, and instrument is larger not readily portable.For this
A little problems are now imagined and invent a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating and be molded repair apparatus, by self-heat generation to patch into
Row Rapid-Repair cures.
Currently, have the heating sulfurization technology that self-vulcanized rubber uses self-heating material in the prior art, but this technology is deposited
It is pasted loosely in patching material, the mixing of self-heating material is uneven and exothermal gas product is difficult to be discharged influences heating effect etc. and ask
Topic.And do not find that meeting composite molding repairs cured self-heating the relevant technologies also in the prior art.
Invention content
The goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating molding repair apparatus, is added using oneself
The exothermicity of hot material itself carries out quick, easily solidification repairing to composite patch, and the heating temperature time meets multiple
The solidifying requirements of condensation material patch can make repair piece obtain excellent mechanical property.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating molding repair apparatus, including will be answered
Condensation material sticking patch is pressed on the vacuum pressed layer and heating layer assembly on the composite structure surface being repaired, which is characterized in that
The vacuum pressed layer includes high-temperature resistant membrane and the bleeding point on high-temperature resistant membrane, the pumping
Mouth is check valve,
The heating layer assembly includes the self-heating material layer of self-heating material solid part composition, by self-heating material
Layer is adjacent in vacuum pressed layer outer surface and the insulating layer, water filling port and the exhaust outlet that are coated on outside self-heating material layer, described
Insulating layer include outermost high-temperature resistant membrane, the airfelt of middle layer and internal layer pellosil, the water filling port and exhaust
Mouthful on insulating layer and it is each passed through the inner cavity that insulating layer is formed with insulating layer cladding self-heating material layer and is connected to, water filling
Mouth and exhaust outlet are check valve,
The self-heating is molded the method that repair apparatus heats the composite panels：1) it will be repaiied
The composite structure surface of benefit polishes flat, cleans out, and composite panels is affixed on repairing position, 2) vacuum is added
Laminate layer is placed on composite panels, is evacuated from bleeding point, so that vacuum pressed layer is pressed on composite panels and is repaired
On composite structure surface, 3) self-heating material layer is coated with insulating layer, self-heating material layer is made to be covered in composite material benefit
On the outside of piece, the edge of insulating layer together with the composite structure surface mount being repaired and is sealed with adhesive tape, 4) from note
Mouth of a river water filling, and set the reaction time.
Further, the self-heating material includes reduced iron powder, activated carbon, coke, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, silicon
Diatomaceous earth, aluminium powder, calcium oxide, aluminium oxide, water.
Further, the self-heating material each component is calculated as by weight：
1~10 part of reduced iron powder, 1~4 part of activated carbon, 1~2 part of coke, 0.5~2 part of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate 0.5~2
Part, 1~3 part of diatomite, 1~4 part of aluminium powder, 1~3 part of calcium oxide, 2~8 parts of aluminium oxide, 10~40 parts of water.
Further, the self-heating material each component is calculated as by weight：
5 parts of reduced iron powder, 2 parts of activated carbon, 1.5 parts of coke, 1 part of sodium chloride, 1 part of sodium carbonate, 2 parts of diatomite, aluminium powder 2
Part, 1.5 parts of calcium oxide, 4 parts of aluminium oxide, 20 parts of water.
Further, the thickness of the pellosil is 0.5mm.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows：
1) repair apparatus of the invention carries out composite repair piece using this self-heating mode of iron carbon exothermic reaction
It is heating and curing；Existing self-heating material blends reaction is excessively violent, and heat release is too fast, and Exotherm Time is shorter, cannot reach solid
Change the required 30 minutes time.There is equalized temperature agent aluminium oxide in the self-heating material that the present invention uses, temperature is added
It is excessive or when temperature is excessive higher than desired temperature absorbs heat in heat release after poising agent, maximum temperature is reduced with this, it is low in temperature
Heat is released when desired temperature is excessive, enables temperature small range fluctuation about 90 DEG C of entire solidification process, to make
Originally the Exotherm Time of 5~10min is extended for 30~40min times；
2) repair apparatus of the invention is broadly divided into two large divisions：Vacuum pressed layer, heating layer assembly.Heat layer assembly again
It can be divided into for insulating layer, heating layer and water filling port, exhaust outlet.For insulating layer by up of three layers, outermost layer is rubber elastic membrane, intermediate
The preferable airfelt of layer choosing heat insulation effect, innermost layer are the pellosil of 0.5mm.Heating layer is mainly by heating reaction material structure
At water filling port effect is to provide required reaction water for the reaction of iron carbon, and exhaust outlet act as discharge iron carbon and reacts released H2。
Vacuum pressed layer is made of the resistance to high films of PET, bleeding point, and the purpose of this layer is to provide required vacuum degree for composite material solidification
It is required that；Bleeding point is an one-way valve structures, prevent pumping after gas backstreaming cause vacuum degree cannot reach solidification needed for want
It asks.
The repair apparatus of the present invention can be realized under no electric condition, be answered injuring part by autoreactivity heat release
Condensation material sticking patch is heating and curing repairing.Entire repair apparatus is simple in structure, easy to carry, and easy to operate, heat insulation effect is good,
Reaction is fully steady, disclosure satisfy that the solidifying requirements such as the temperature-time that composite patch needs, damage location can be made to reach very
High mechanical property.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating of the present invention is molded the structural schematic diagram of repair apparatus；
Fig. 2 is that the self-heating material that the intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating molding repair apparatus of the present invention uses is preferably real
Apply the time-temperature figure when exothermic heat of reaction of example.
In Fig. 1,1 composite material being repaired, 2 composite panels, 3 high-temperature resistant membranes, 4 bleeding points, 5 self-heating materials
Solid portion, 6 insulating layers, 7 water filling ports, 8 exhaust outlets.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating of the invention is molded repair apparatus, including by epoxy
Polymer matrix composites sticking patch is pressed on the vacuum pressed layer and heating layer assembly on the composite structure surface being repaired.
The vacuum pressed layer includes high-temperature resistant membrane and the bleeding point on high-temperature resistant membrane, the pumping
Mouth is check valve.The material of high-temperature resistant membrane is PET film.
The heating layer assembly includes the self-heating material layer of self-heating material solid part composition, by self-heating material
Layer is adjacent in vacuum pressed layer outer surface and the insulating layer, water filling port and the exhaust outlet that are coated on outside self-heating material layer, described
Insulating layer include outermost rubber elastic membrane, the airfelt of middle layer and internal layer pellosil, airfelt be polyester purchased in market
Airfelt.The water filling port and exhaust outlet is mounted on insulating layer and is each passed through insulating layer coats self-heating material with insulating layer
The bed of material and the inner cavity connection formed, water filling port and exhaust outlet are check valve.The self-heating material includes reduced iron powder, activity
Charcoal, coke, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, diatomite, aluminium powder, calcium oxide, aluminium oxide, water.The self-heating material each component is by weight
Amount part is calculated as：1~10 part of reduced iron powder, 1~4 part of activated carbon, 1~2 part of coke, 0.5~2 part of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate 0.5~2
Part, 1~3 part of diatomite, 1~4 part of aluminium powder, 1~3 part of calcium oxide, 2~8 parts of aluminium oxide, 10~40 parts of water.
A kind of preferred embodiment of the self-heating material, each component are calculated as by weight：
5 parts of reduced iron powder, 2 parts of activated carbon, 1.5 parts of coke, 1 part of sodium chloride, 1 part of sodium carbonate, 2 parts of diatomite, aluminium powder 2
Part, 1.5 parts of calcium oxide, 4 parts of aluminium oxide, 20 parts of water.
As shown in Fig. 2, it is multiple to fully achieve solidification repairing epoxy resin-matrix for the optimization formula of this self-heating material
The requirement that is heating and curing of the requirement of condensation material, epoxy resin-base composite material is：Heating in 3~5min, heating temperature is 85~
95 DEG C, 30~35min can be kept the temperature.
Can carry out solidification repairing to epoxy resin-base composite material using this self-heating curing, to use the method into
The cured epoxy resin-base composite material of row carries out tensile-sbear strength test, and it is that profession vulcanizes instrument solidification intensity to measure its value
80%, illustrate that this formula system can achieve the desired results, this formula can be used for carrying out the repairing that is heating and curing of composite material.
The self heating material composition reaction principle that the present invention uses is that reduced iron powder and coke are main as electrode
Reactant；Sodium chloride provides ion, forms response circuit；Activated carbon does reaction carriers, stores vapor；Diatomite plays catalysis and makees
With；Calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate play catalysis, auxiliary thermal source；Aluminium powder provocative reaction；Aluminium oxide is as equalized temperature agent in heat release
Excessive or temperature absorbs heat when excessive higher than desired temperature, and maximum temperature is reduced with this, excessive less than desired temperature in temperature
When release heat.Aluminium oxide in self heating material composition is as equalized temperature agent, after equalized temperature agent is added, in heat release
More or temperature absorbs heat when excessive higher than desired temperature, and maximum temperature is reduced with this, when temperature is excessive less than desired temperature
Heat is released, enables temperature small range fluctuation about 90 DEG C of entire solidification process, as shown in Fig. 2, to make script 5
The Exotherm Time of~10min is extended for 30~40min times.Entire formula constituent and content are by optimization, heat production duration
It is length, reacting balance, at low cost.
The self-heating is molded the method that repair apparatus heats the composite panels：1) it will be repaiied
The composite structure surface of benefit polishes flat, cleans out, degreasing, composite panels is affixed on repairing position, 2)
Vacuum pressed layer is placed on composite panels, is evacuated from bleeding point, vacuum pressed layer is made to be pressed on composite panels
On the composite structure surface being repaired, 3) self-heating material layer is coated with insulating layer, so that self-heating material layer is covered in multiple
It is with adhesive tape that the edge of insulating layer is together with the composite structure surface mount being repaired and close on the outside of condensation material sticking patch
Envelope, 4) from water filling port water filling, and set the reaction time.After water filling port adds water to heating device, internal self-heating material is met
Water reacts, and releases heat, while generating a large amount of gas, mainly H2, gas can be discharged from exhaust outlet.Due to insulating layer
Effect, so that heating layer is exchanged with external heat less, most of heat can be used for being heating and curing repairing patch.
Claims (5)
- Include being pressed on composite panels to be repaired 1. a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating is molded repair apparatus The vacuum pressed layer and heating layer assembly on composite structure surface, the heating layer assembly includes self-heating material solid portion The self-heating material layer being grouped as, which is characterized in thatThe vacuum pressed layer includes high-temperature resistant membrane and the bleeding point on high-temperature resistant membrane, and the bleeding point is Check valve,The heating layer assembly further includes that self-heating material layer is adjacent in vacuum pressed layer outer surface and is coated on self-heating Insulating layer, water filling port outside material layer and exhaust outlet, the insulating layer include outermost high-temperature resistant membrane, middle layer it is saturating The pellosil of gas felt and internal layer, the water filling port and exhaust outlet are mounted on insulating layer and are each passed through insulating layer and insulating layer The inner cavity connection for coating self-heating material layer and being formed, water filling port and exhaust outlet are check valve,The self-heating is molded the method that repair apparatus heats the composite panels：1) it will be repaired Composite structure surface polishes flat, cleans out, and composite panels is affixed on repairing position, 2) by vacuum pressed layer Be placed on composite panels, from bleeding point be evacuated, make vacuum pressed layer composite panels are pressed on be repaired it is compound On material structure surface, 3) self-heating material layer is coated with insulating layer, self-heating material layer is made to be covered in outside composite panels Side together with the composite structure surface mount being repaired and is sealed at the edge of insulating layer with adhesive tape, 4) from water filling port Water filling, and set the reaction time.
- 2. a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating as described in claim 1 is molded repair apparatus, which is characterized in that described Self-heating material include reduced iron powder, activated carbon, coke, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, diatomite, aluminium powder, calcium oxide, aluminium oxide, Water.
- 3. a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating as claimed in claim 2 is molded repair apparatus, which is characterized in that described Self-heating material each component be calculated as by weight：1~10 part of reduced iron powder, 1~4 part of activated carbon, 1~2 part of coke, 0.5~2 part of sodium chloride, 0.5~2 part of sodium carbonate, silicon 1~3 part of diatomaceous earth, 1~4 part of aluminium powder, 1~3 part of calcium oxide, 2~8 parts of aluminium oxide, 10~40 parts of water.
- 4. a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating as claimed in claim 3 is molded repair apparatus, which is characterized in that described Self-heating material each component be calculated as by weight：5 parts of reduced iron powder, 2 parts of activated carbon, 1.5 parts of coke, 1 part of sodium chloride, 1 part of sodium carbonate, 2 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of aluminium powder, oxygen Change 1.5 parts of calcium, 4 parts of aluminium oxide, 20 parts of water.
- 5. a kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating as described in any one of claim 1-4 is molded repair apparatus, special Sign is that the thickness of the pellosil is 0.5mm.
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| CN201610552208.3A CN106195515B (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2016-07-14 | A kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating molding repair apparatus |
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| CN201610552208.3A CN106195515B (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2016-07-14 | A kind of intermediate temperature setting composite material self-heating molding repair apparatus |
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| CN106195515B true CN106195515B (en) | 2018-10-02 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106833547B (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2019-11-01 | 宁波工程学院 | It a kind of food heating self-heating agent and its packs |
| CN110757847B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2022-03-22 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Repair device for composite part |
| CN110497630B (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-03-30 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Method for repairing bulge defect on surface of heat insulation layer of solid rocket engine shell |
| CN111677974A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-09-18 | 河南兴兴管道工程技术有限公司 | Pipeline non-excavation repairing method and repairing system |
| CN111701819A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-25 | 江苏铁锚玻璃股份有限公司 | Rapid curing method for glass waterproof glue |
| CN112607048B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-04-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Temperature-adjustable solar composite material repairing device |
| CN114347520A (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-04-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Device and method for preparing fiber reinforced composite material patch for rapid repair |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4970646B2 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2012-07-11 | 薫 臼井 | Manufacturing method of heating element |
| JP2004208978A (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-29 | Mycoal Products Corp | Heating composition and heating body |
| CN1315975C (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2007-05-16 | 上海超迪科技有限公司 | Chemic exothermic material and exothermic bag |
| US8205608B2 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2012-06-26 | Tilak Bommaraju | Hydrogen elimination and thermal energy generation in water-activated chemical heaters |
| CN101417516B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2010-12-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Bearing/insulating/ablating all-in-one sandwich structure composite material and preparation method thereof |
| KR101447767B1 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2014-10-07 | (주)엘지하우시스 | Vacuum insulation panel for high operating temperature |
| CN102993639B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-06-03 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Prepreg for pipe repair and preparation thereof as well repair material applying prepreg and repair method |
| CN103434150B (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2016-02-03 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Utilize the self-vulcanized rubber lining local heat paster of electrochemical energy spontaneous heating material |
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Inventor after: Li Changqing Inventor after: Dong Huaibin Inventor after: Liu Peiwang Inventor after: Ba Dema Inventor after: Yu Lixin Inventor after: Li Zhanming Inventor after: Zhang Weiwei Inventor after: Xiong Yucheng Inventor before: Li Changqing Inventor before: Dong Huaibin Inventor before: Liu Peiwang Inventor before: Zhang Weiwei Inventor before: Yu Lixin Inventor before: Li Zhanming |
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