CN106191846A - Use the generating set Laying-up Protection of Thermal System guard method of 18-amine. - Google Patents
Use the generating set Laying-up Protection of Thermal System guard method of 18-amine. Download PDFInfo
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- CN106191846A CN106191846A CN201510216829.XA CN201510216829A CN106191846A CN 106191846 A CN106191846 A CN 106191846A CN 201510216829 A CN201510216829 A CN 201510216829A CN 106191846 A CN106191846 A CN 106191846A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of generating set Laying-up Protection of Thermal System guard method using 18-amine., including: step 1, calculate 18-amine. dosing mother solution volumeWith dosing mother liquid concentration, particularly as follows: obtain chemical feeding quantity according to feedwater flow when film forming concentration, film forming duration and dosing;1.2 according to dosing duration and dosing pump exert oneself acquisition dosing mother solution volume;1.3 obtain dosing mother liquid concentration according to chemical feeding quantity and dosing mother solution volume;Step 2, the dosing mother liquid concentration configuration 18-amine. mother solution obtained according to step 1, and by dosing pump to generating set heat power equipment addition volume be
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to generating set Shut-down Protection technical field, particularly to a kind of generating set heat power equipment using 18-amine.
Shut-down Protection method.
Background technology
The heat power equipments such as the boiler of generating set, steam turbine, condenser, heater are during stopping transport, if not taking effective
Protective measure, its surface can occur strong corrosion, this corrosion to be referred to as the withdrawal hepatitis of heat power equipment.For many years, China's thermoelectricity
Unit often because not taking anticorrosive measure or the anticorrosive measure taked improper after stopping transport, causes corrosion and damage, especially steam
The corrosion of side, causes the safety and economic operation of power plant and has a strong impact on.
The most commonly used Shut-down Protection measure, according to its action principle, can be generally divided into three classes: the first kind is
Stoping air to enter inside heat power equipment water-steam system, its essence is the concentration reducing oxygen, this kind of method has nitrogen charging method, keeps steaming
Vapour pressure force method etc..Equations of The Second Kind is to reduce heat power equipment water-steam system interior humidity, its essence is and prevents metal surface condensation water film,
Form corrosion cell.This kind of method has oven drying method, Desicdant method etc..3rd class be use corrosion inhibiter (include vapour phase inhibitor and
High temperature film inhibitor etc.), or add basifier, adjust solution ph, make metal surface form protecting film, slow down metal surface
Corrosion, or use oxygen scavenger, remove the dissolved oxygen in water, make corrosion alleviate.Medicament used has vapour phase inhibitor, high temperature to become
Film corrosion inhibiter, ammonia, diamine etc..The essence of this kind of method is to make the anode of corrosion cell and/or cathodic process be blocked.
Stopping the difference of residing anti-corrosion state during (standby) is used according to heat power equipment, Shut-down Protection method can be divided into dry type to protect
Method and the big class of wet type Protection Code two.Dry type Protection Code has: hot stove discharges water residual heat drying method, negative pressure residual heat drying method, adjacent stove hot blast
Oven drying method, Desicdant method, nitrogen charging method, vapour phase inhibitor method etc..Wet type Protection Code has: Ammonia Process, ammonia-diamine method, vapour pressure
Force method, feed pressure method etc..
Wherein high temperature film inhibitor method is the Shut-down Protection method that current domestic application is more, relatively popular.It is Russia
Moscow power institute in research in 1987 successfully, first uses on your Darius gram central-station unit of longevity, after in succession
Yugoslavia, the state such as German and Russian many power station unit on use.High temperature film inhibitor method is to slide at unit to stop
Under the conditions of uniform temperature, pressure and pH in journey, become toward the disposable high temperature that adds in boiler feedwater or condensation water in certain time
Film corrosion inhibiter, high temperature film inhibitor is by being formed between lone pair electrons and the 3d unoccupied orbital of Fe on its atom N 2P track
Coordinate bond, thus layer of hydrophobic thin film is formed in heat power equipment (including boiler, steam turbine etc.) metal surface, completely cut off metal
Matrix contacts with the direct of water with air, prevents the oxygen in water and air and carbon dioxide to corrosion of metal, reaches to protect heating power
The purpose of equipment, the structure of film may be: the corrosion inhibiter film forming layer/corrosion inhibiter film forming layer of ferrum/iron oxide layer/containing ferrum oxide.
High temperature film inhibitor method has a characteristic that (1) protected effect is good, can be on the heat power equipment such as boiler, steam turbine surface
Formed uniformly, the protecting film that fine and close, corrosion resistance is good, corrosion product such as the rust etc. of metal surface is had certain cleaning, removes work
With, when making unit starting, the content of the copper in steam, ferrum etc. reduces, thus shortens grid-connected time when unit is again started up.(2)
Protection domain is wide, can protect boiler (including drum, water-cooling wall, economizer, superheater, reheater etc.) and steam turbine simultaneously.
(3) guard time is long, and after heat power equipment surface filming, the corrosion protection time in an atmosphere was up to more than 6 months.(4) protection work
Skill is simple and convenient to operate, and is not required to increase newly medicine system, the feedwater of available scene or condensation water medicine system, slides at unit and stopped
Under the conditions of uniform temperature, pressure and pH in journey, become toward the disposable high temperature that adds in boiler feedwater or condensation water in certain time
Film corrosion inhibiter.(5) applied range, running temperature power-equipment more than 200 DEG C all can use high temperature film forming inhibition
Agent method carries out Shut-down Protection.
At present, domestic for generating set heat power equipment stop (standby) with protection film inhibitor be mainly 18-amine. (ODA)
With imidazolines material, wherein octadecane application is the most universal.
18-amine., has another name called octadecylamine, filming amine, belongs to fatty amines, is a kind of organic polymer hydrocarbon compound, end
Base is-NH2, molecular formula is CH3(CH2)16CH2NH2, it is white waxy solid or particulate material under room temperature, belongs to cation
Surfactant, is soluble in chloroform, is dissolved in ethanol, ether and benzene, is slightly soluble in acetone, is insoluble in water, in outstanding in 75 DEG C of water
Turbid liquid, density is 860kg/m, freezing point 52.9 DEG C, boiling point 348.8 DEG C.
18-amine. can pass through physical and chemical adsorption effect, forms one layer in metal surface and can resist oxygen and the monolayer of carbonic acid or many
The hydrophobic film of molecular layer, plays barrier buffer action, thus protects metal, reduces corrosion.So 18-amine. is used for electromotor
Group heat power equipment water-steam system disables anti-corrosion protection technology.
18-amine. disables anti-corrosion protection technology and comes across the former Soviet Union the earliest, and early fifties is tried out in certain steam power plant, and effect is relatively
Good, but because of dosing technological problems, be not promoted always.The late nineteen eighties, the former Soviet Union and East Germany release one after another main component
For the liquid preservative agent of 18-amine., being quickly applied in Russia and the nuclear power station of Germany, thermal power station, effect is fairly obvious.
China is after 1993 Nian Fu Russia investigate and exchange of technology personnel have taken back for information about, many electric power research units and universities and colleges
Start corresponding development, developed and apply.Wherein, some units such as Wuhan University are to the membrance casting condition of 18-amine. and film-forming machine
Reason has carried out system and in-depth study, it is believed that as a kind of organic inhibitor, 18-amine. has stronger in terms of high temperature film forming
Superiority, in liquid and vapor capacity all energy film forming, concentration is the highest, and film-formation result is the best, the constant temperature one-tenth of one hour in autoclave
Film effect is best, and optimal film-forming temperature is 220 DEG C, and the roughness of specimen surface has certain impact to film forming;Pass through Auger electron
Energy spectrum analysis, after 18-amine. film forming processes, iron surface has a following structure: 18-amine. layer/ten of ferrum/iron oxide layer/containing ferrum oxide
Eight amine layer.
Common Shut-down Protection technique be 18-amine. emulsion cunning before shutdown is stopped during control vapor (steam) temperature less than 480 DEG C,
Quickly medicament is added heat power equipment, shuts down after circulation 2~3h, then system is with pressure after cooling discharges water, utilize residual heat drying boiler.
At present, protection of boiler during shutdown period 18-amine. emulsion is more and more extensive in the application of thermal power plant.It is typically all first according to high temperature film forming
Concentration and the unit Water, steam circulation main system heat power equipment water capacity of required high temperature film inhibitor calculate chemical feeding quantity.Then utilize
Dosing pump dosing 1-2h, adds recirculation 2~3h after medicine.So, on the one hand chemical feeding quantity error is very big, causes unit parameter identical
And the situation that chemical feeding quantity differs greatly often occurs.Reason be the water pressure test and properly functioning time unit thermodynamic system water capacity phase
Difference is very big, as in table 1 certain 600MW supercritical unit water pressure test and properly functioning time water capacity of the boiler (include economizer
System, separator/water tank, water screen system, superheater system, the water capacity of reheater system) just differ greatly, then add
Upper when running aqueous water and the density of steam different, and the gross mass of water when running, steam is unknowable, can only estimate or press
During the water pressure test, the water capacity of unit thermodynamic system calculates.On the other hand, high temperature film forming inhibition within the long period starting dosing
Agent concentration does not reaches film forming desired concn, thus must recirculation 2~3h after dosing, to meet film forming concentration and film forming duration simultaneously,
Making the sliding process time that stops of Shut-down Protection longer, boiler is forced to burn relatively heavy wool, unfavorable to economy.
Certain 600MW supercritical boiler water capacity of table 1
State | Economizer system | Separator/water tank | Water-cooling system | Superheater system | Reheater system | Add up to |
During the water pressure test | 120 | 20 | 51 | 150 | 380 | 721 |
Time properly functioning | 120 | / | 20 | / | / | 140 |
So, should further researching high-temperature film inhibitor chemical feeding quantity calculate and Adding Way.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existed for prior art, the invention provides and a kind of have more preferable protected effect, more economical employing 18-amine.
Generating set Laying-up Protection of Thermal System guard method.
The present invention is by the relation between research 18-amine. chemical feeding quantity and film forming concentration, film forming duration, feedwater flow, and needs preparation
Dosing mother liquid concentration, dosing mother solution volume and chemical feeding quantity, dosing duration, dosing pump exert oneself between relation, propose the present invention
Technical scheme.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
Use the generating set Laying-up Protection of Thermal System guard method of 18-amine., including:
Step 1, calculates 18-amine. dosing mother solution volume and dosing mother liquid concentration, particularly as follows:
1.1 according to film forming concentration a, film forming duration h1Chemical feeding quantity m=a*h is obtained with feedwater flow l during dosing1* l, wherein, becomes
Film concentration a and film forming duration h1Determine according to 18-amine. high temperature film forming result of the test;
1.2 according to dosing duration h2With dosing pump exert oneself b obtain dosing mother solution volume V=h2* b, wherein, h1=h2;
1.3 obtain dosing mother liquid concentration c=m/V according to chemical feeding quantity m and dosing mother solution volume V;
Step 2, the dosing mother liquid concentration configuration 18-amine. mother solution obtained according to step 1, and by dosing pump to generating set heat
Power equipment adds the 18-amine. mother solution that volume is V, a length of h during dosing2。
Above-mentioned film forming concentration a and film forming duration h1Adopt and determine with the following method:
The high temperature carrying out 18-amine. under conditions of different film forming concentration with different film forming durations respectively becomes film test, it is thus achieved that each condition
Under film-formation result and corrosion resistance;
Analyze film-formation result and corrosion resistance respectively with film forming concentration and the variation tendency of film forming duration, consider film-formation result, resistance to
Erosion property and Financial cost, determine film forming concentration and film forming duration.
Described in step 2 to add volume by dosing pump to generating set heat power equipment be the 18-amine. mother solution of V, concrete steps
As follows:
2.1 ensure that feedwater adds diamine system and the tightness of feedwater Ammonia adding System, release the low liquid level protection of dosing pump;
2.2 start dosing pump beats demineralized water pump testing, rinses feedwater and adds diamine system and the pipeline of feedwater Ammonia adding System;
2.3 control feedwater pH value are 9.0~9.6, and off-the-line refined processing high-speed mixing bed condenses water 100% by-passing, closing high-speed
Mixed bed gateway door;
2.4 enter sliding process of stopping, and when control boiler main stripping temperature is down to 480 DEG C, adding volume by dosing pump is the 18-amine. of V
Mother solution, a length of h during dosing2, control Stream temperature degree during dosing and do not rise;
After 2.5 dosings, use demineralized water to rinse feedwater by dosing pump and add diamine system and the pipeline of feedwater Ammonia adding System.
Use 18-amine. chemical feeding quantity should be determined by film forming concentration, film forming duration, feedwater flow, and should be by film forming concentration, the water capacity
Long-pending decision.18-amine. adds concentration should be equal to film forming concentration, and dosing duration should be equal to film forming duration, and dosing mother solution volume is dosing
The product that duration and dosing pump are exerted oneself, dosing mother liquid concentration is that chemical feeding quantity is divided by dosing mother solution volume.
According to film forming concentration a, film forming duration h1When sliding dosing during stopping with unit, feedwater flow l calculates chemical feeding quantity m, i.e.
M=l*h1*a;According to dosing duration h2With dosing pump exert oneself b calculate dosing mother solution volume V, i.e. V=h2* b, h1=h2;Root
Dosing mother liquid concentration c, i.e. c=m/V is calculated according to chemical feeding quantity m and dosing mother solution volume V.
Because chemical feeding quantity m is by dosing speed and dosing duration h2Determine, dosing speed v be dosing pump exert oneself b and dosing mother solution dense
The product of degree c, i.e. v=b*c, dosing speed v, divided by feedwater flow l i.e. film forming concentration a, therefore enters heating power system from 18-amine.
System starts, and through position, its concentration just meets film forming requirement to 18-amine., and dosing duration i.e. film forming duration also need not additionally increase and follow
Ring film formation time, thus chemical feeding quantity substantially constant, also shorten Shut-down Protection cunning and stop the operating time, and economy might as well.
Detailed description of the invention
" film forming concentration " described in literary composition is the abbreviation of " high temperature film inhibitor concentration needed for high temperature film forming ".
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention done further detailed description, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1 film forming concentration and the determination of film forming duration
The high temperature film forming result of the test of high temperature film inhibitor 18-amine. shows: film forming concentration is the highest, and film-formation result and corrosion resistance are more
Good, when film forming concentration reaches 5mg/L, the copper sulfate drop time of institute's film forming is the longest;Film forming duration is the longest, and film-formation result is also got over
Good, during film forming up to 1 little constantly, the copper sulfate drop time of institute's film forming is the longest.Make film forming concentration continue increase and reach 10mg/L
More than and, film forming duration is made to extend 1 hour again, hereafter, along with increase and the prolongation of film forming duration of film forming concentration, institute's film forming
The copper sulfate drop time but increase seldom.So, from economy and security consideration, and according to practice test, actual application
Time film forming concentration can be selected for 10mg/L, film forming duration can be selected for 2 hours.
Embodiment 2
Current embodiment require that and add 18-amine. protection liquid, 1000MW supercritical unit to 1000MW supercritical unit heat power equipment
Sliding stop during dosing time feedwater flow be generally 1000t/h, dosing pump is exerted oneself as 440L/h, within 2 hours, determines according to film forming duration
Dosing duration is also 2 hours.For ensureing from the beginning of dosing, in steam, 18-amine. concentration controls in 10mg/L, the present embodiment super
Criticality benchmark is slided dosing speed during stopping and be should be 10kg/h, chemical feeding quantity about 20kg.Because dosing pump is exerted oneself as 440L/h, so
Dosing mother solution volume about 880L, dosing mother liquid concentration about 2.3%.
Embodiment 3
Current embodiment require that and add 18-amine. protection liquid to 600MW supercritical unit heat power equipment, 600MW supercritical unit is sliding
Feedwater flow general about 600t/h during dosing during stopping, dosing pump is exerted oneself as 300L/h, within 2 hours, is determined according to by film forming duration
Dosing duration is also 2 hours.For ensureing from the beginning of dosing, in steam, the concentration of 18-amine. is super in 10mg/L, the present embodiment faces
Boundary's unit slides the dosing speed about 6kg/h, chemical feeding quantity about 12kg during stopping.Because dosing pump is exerted oneself as 300L/h, so adding
Medicine mother solution volume is 600L, dosing mother liquid concentration about 2%.
Embodiment 3
Current embodiment require that and add 18-amine. protection liquid to 300MW supercritical unit heat power equipment, 300MW supercritical unit is sliding
During stopping can dosing time the general about 300t/h of feedwater flow, dosing pump is exerted oneself as 200L/h, according to by film forming duration 2 hours
Determining that dosing duration is also 2 hours, for ensureing from the beginning of dosing, in steam, the concentration of 18-amine. is in 10mg/L, the present embodiment
It is 3kg/h that supercritical unit slides dosing speed during stopping, chemical feeding quantity about 6kg.Because dosing pump is exerted oneself as 200L/h, so adding
Medicine mother solution volume is 400L, dosing mother liquid concentration about 1.5%.
After obtaining dosing mother liquid concentration and dosing mother solution volume, configure 18-amine. mother solution according to dosing mother liquid concentration, and pass through dosing
Pump adds, to generating set heat power equipment, the 18-amine. mother solution that volume is V.
Dosing specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) check that feedwater adds diamine system and the tightness of feedwater Ammonia adding System, particularly to release the low liquid level of wherein dosing pump
Protection.
(2) starting dosing pump and beat demineralized water pump testing, the flushing of pipeline that feedwater adds diamine system and feedwater Ammonia adding System is clean, this
In being embodied as, use demineralized water to rinse feedwater and add diamine system and the pipeline 30 minutes of feedwater Ammonia adding System.
(3) regulating and maintain feedwater pH value is 9.0~9.6, and off-the-line refined processing high-speed mixing bed condenses water 100% by-passing, closes
Close high flow rate mixed bed gateway door.
(4) entering sliding process of stopping, when control boiler main stripping temperature is down to 480 DEG C, adding volume by dosing pump is the 18 of V
Amine mother solution, a length of h during dosing2, control Stream temperature degree during dosing and do not rise.Originally middle dosing duration h it is embodied as2It it is 2 hours.
When boiler main stripping temperature is down to 480 DEG C and less, and estimate to start to boiler extinguishment will not be less than during this period of time 2h from dosing
Time, in-line meter stops transport except feedwater conductivity table and pH table, cuts out isolating door;Stoppage in transit unit and the auxiliary steam cutting of operating unit
For the machine band, keep the stoppage in transit train unit method of operation, it is ensured that water, the vapour of stoppage in transit unit and operating unit are gone here and there the most mutually;Dosing
It is 300~1000t/h that period feedwater flow controls;Stoppage in transit unit and the feedwater of operating unit, steam, feed pump outlet, recirculation
Communicating door is closed;Running a feed pump, the fore pump inlet valve of the feed pump of stoppage in transit cuts out, the fore pump of the feed pump of stoppage in transit
Valve of inlet tube ammonification cuts out, and valve of the fore pump inlet tube ammonification of the feed pump of operation is opened, and the feed pump of operation follows again
The control as far as possible of the loopback water yield is zero;Feedwater diamine, ammonia dosing door, confirm released dosing pump low liquid level protection after notice add
18-amine. mother solution.
During dosing, maintain control Stream temperature degree below 480 DEG C, meanwhile, Stream temperature degree can be maintained or make Stream temperature degree continue
Continuous slowly decline, i.e. during dosing, Stream temperature degree is controlled in less than 480 DEG C but must not rise.
(5), after dosing, use demineralized water to rinse feedwater by dosing pump and add diamine system and the pipeline of feedwater Ammonia adding System,
Originally, in being embodied as, demineralized water flushing line is used 30 minutes.After discharging water to hot stove, close sampling pipe, feedwater conductivity table,
Pipeline valve with pH table.
(6) carried out hot stove discharged water by the hot stove of the unit code that discharges water.
Claims (3)
1. use the generating set Laying-up Protection of Thermal System guard method of 18-amine., it is characterized in that, including step:
Step 1, calculates 18-amine. dosing mother solution volume and dosing mother liquid concentration, particularly as follows:
1.1 according to film forming concentration a, film forming duration h1Chemical feeding quantity m=a*h is obtained with feedwater flow l during dosing1* l, wherein, becomes
Film concentration a and film forming duration h1Determine according to 18-amine. high temperature film forming result of the test;
1.2 according to dosing duration h2With dosing pump exert oneself b obtain dosing mother solution volume V=h2* b, wherein, h1=h2;
1.3 obtain dosing mother liquid concentration c=m/V according to chemical feeding quantity m and dosing mother solution volume V;
Step 2, the dosing mother liquid concentration configuration 18-amine. mother solution obtained according to step 1, and by dosing pump to generating set heat
Power equipment adds the 18-amine. mother solution that volume is V, a length of h during dosing2。
2. the generating set Laying-up Protection of Thermal System guard method using 18-amine. as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described film forming concentration a and film forming duration h1Adopt and determine with the following method:
The high temperature carrying out 18-amine. under conditions of different film forming concentration with different film forming durations respectively becomes film test, it is thus achieved that each condition
Under film-formation result and corrosion resistance;
Analyze film-formation result and corrosion resistance respectively with film forming concentration and the variation tendency of film forming duration, consider film-formation result, resistance to
Erosion property and Financial cost, determine film forming concentration and film forming duration.
3. the generating set Laying-up Protection of Thermal System guard method using 18-amine. as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described in step 2 to add volume by dosing pump to generating set heat power equipment be the 18-amine. mother solution of V, concrete steps
As follows:
2.1 ensure that feedwater adds diamine system and the tightness of feedwater Ammonia adding System, release the low liquid level protection of dosing pump;
2.2 start dosing pump beats demineralized water pump testing, rinses feedwater and adds diamine system and the pipeline of feedwater Ammonia adding System;
2.3 control feedwater pH value are 9.0~9.6, and off-the-line refined processing high-speed mixing bed condenses water 100% by-passing, closing high-speed
Mixed bed gateway door;
2.4 enter sliding process of stopping, and when control boiler main stripping temperature is down to 480 DEG C, adding volume by dosing pump is the 18-amine. of V
Mother solution, a length of h during dosing2, control Stream temperature degree during dosing and do not rise;
After 2.5 dosings, use demineralized water to rinse feedwater by dosing pump and add diamine system and the pipeline of feedwater Ammonia adding System.
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CN108048852A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-18 | 湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司 | A kind of flexible protection of boiler during shutdown period medicament and preparation method thereof |
CN108866552A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-23 | 南京顺水达环保科技有限公司 | The erosion-resisting water-saving preparation of boiler energy-saving |
CN110805892A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-18 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Negative pressure waste heat drying maintenance method for waste heat boiler and steam turbine set |
CN110819996A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-21 | 广州珠江天然气发电有限公司 | High-temperature film forming maintenance method for gas-steam combined cycle unit |
CN111334802A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-26 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Film-forming amine corrosion inhibitor suitable for nuclear power plant secondary circuit shutdown maintenance and method for reducing secondary circuit corrosion during nuclear power plant shutdown |
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CN108048852A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-18 | 湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司 | A kind of flexible protection of boiler during shutdown period medicament and preparation method thereof |
CN108866552A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-23 | 南京顺水达环保科技有限公司 | The erosion-resisting water-saving preparation of boiler energy-saving |
CN110805892A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-18 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Negative pressure waste heat drying maintenance method for waste heat boiler and steam turbine set |
CN110819996A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-21 | 广州珠江天然气发电有限公司 | High-temperature film forming maintenance method for gas-steam combined cycle unit |
CN111334802A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-26 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Film-forming amine corrosion inhibitor suitable for nuclear power plant secondary circuit shutdown maintenance and method for reducing secondary circuit corrosion during nuclear power plant shutdown |
CN111334802B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2022-05-24 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Film-forming amine corrosion inhibitor suitable for nuclear power plant secondary circuit shutdown maintenance and method for reducing secondary circuit corrosion during nuclear power plant shutdown |
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