CN106186860A - A kind of foam concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of foam concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106186860A
CN106186860A CN201610523970.9A CN201610523970A CN106186860A CN 106186860 A CN106186860 A CN 106186860A CN 201610523970 A CN201610523970 A CN 201610523970A CN 106186860 A CN106186860 A CN 106186860A
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Prior art keywords
foam
parts
cement mortar
cement
volume
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CN106186860B (en
Inventor
王有志
王伟鑫
孙秋蕾
刘沈华
张洁
张晓楠
韦宗旗
王怡凯
贾军龙
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Guangdong Chuangyao Road Bridge Engineering Co ltd
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Shandong University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D11/00Control of flow ratio
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40Porous or lightweight materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of foam concrete, it is made up of cement, flyash, water, water reducer, stabilizer, foaming agent and accelerator, each component is calculated by weight as: cement 2100~3600 parts, flyash 700~1200 parts, water 1000~2000 parts, water reducer 14~24 parts, stabilizer 5~10 parts, foaming agent 9~28 parts, accelerator 80~150 parts.Present invention reasonably optimizing in preparation process each prescription proportioning, obtained foam concrete comprcssive strength is high, and effectively overcome during practice of construction foam concrete actual density this difficult problem relatively big with design density difference, the foam concrete prepared has that preparation density is accurate, bubble uniformly and the advantage such as high-strength light.

Description

A kind of foam concrete and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to construction engineering technical field, be specifically related to a kind of foam concrete and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Foam concrete is as a kind of novel energy-saving construction material, and first it has prominent lightweight feature, in non-bearing The deadweight of building can be substantially reduced when structure uses;Next to that the feature of porous, a large amount of independent envelopes in foam concrete The micropore closed exists so that it is have the premium properties such as good insulation, heat insulation, sound insulation.
But the preparation of foam concrete there is also following problem: 1. affected by foaming machine and means, mechanical agitation Foaming method does not often reach the coefficient of foaming in foaming agent explanation, the most on the low side;2. the foam prepared is mixing with cement mortar Closing owing to the reasons such as extruding, dehydration cause part foam to crush during stirring, in final foam concrete, foam volume reduces; 3. before foam concrete initial set there is the phenomenons such as broken, floating in part foam, causes foam concrete to subside and uneven.With Upper Railway Project will cause foam concrete actual density relatively big with design density difference, affect foam concrete quality.Meanwhile, The most generally there is the problem that intensity is relatively low in existing foam concrete, it is impossible to meets building demand.
Summary of the invention
For defect and the deficiency of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of foam concrete preparation method, according to the present invention The foam concrete prepared has a preparation, and density is accurate, bubble uniformly and the advantage such as high-strength light.
Concrete, the present invention relates to techniques below scheme:
A kind of foam concrete, is made up of cement, flyash, water, water reducer, stabilizer, foaming agent and accelerator, each group Point be calculated by weight as: cement 2100~3600 parts, flyash 700~1200 parts, water 1000~2000 parts, water reducer 14~ 24 parts, stabilizer 5~10 parts, foaming agent 9~28 parts, accelerator 80~150 parts.
Preferably, described foam concrete is by cement, flyash, water, water reducer, stabilizer, foaming agent and accelerator system Becoming, each component is calculated by weight as: cement 3600 parts, 1200 parts of flyash, 1950 parts of water, water reducer 24 parts, stabilizer 9.6 Part, foaming agent 9.74 parts, accelerator 144 parts.
Preferably, described foam concrete is by cement, flyash, water, water reducer, stabilizer, foaming agent and accelerator system Becoming, each component is calculated by weight as: cement 2880 parts, 960 parts of flyash, 1730 parts of water, water reducer 19 parts, stabilizer 7.68 Part, foaming agent 17.23 parts, accelerator 115 parts.
Preferably, described foam concrete is by cement, flyash, water, water reducer, stabilizer, foaming agent and accelerator system Becoming, each component is calculated by weight as: cement 2160 parts, 720 parts of flyash, 1040 parts of water, water reducer 14 parts, stabilizer 5.76 Part, foaming agent 27.10 parts, accelerator 86.4 parts.
Preferably, described cement be grade be 42.5 Portland cements;
Preferably, described foaming agent is animal proteinum class foaming agent;
Preferably, described accelerator includes aluminum oxide clinker;
Preferably, described stabilizer is nonionic surfactant;
Preferably, described water reducer is naphthalene system early strength water-reducing agent.
The invention also discloses the preparation method of described foam concrete, preparation process is as follows:
(1) prepared by cement mortar: above-mentioned parts by weight cement, flyash, water reducer, stabilizer and accelerator are mixed, so Rear addition above-mentioned parts by weight water, stirs and starches in fluidised form;
(2) prepared by foam: being added to the water by above-mentioned parts by weight of blowing agent, foam is prepared in stirring;
(3) cement mortar and foams mix: the foam of preparation in step (2) is slowly imported cement mortar, by the two mixing all Even cement mortar foam mixture;
(4) concrete prefabricated, pour: the cement mortar foam mixture that step (3) obtains is delivered in mould, fills slurry The most floating and with preservative film cover, form removal after maintenance 3d, be prepared foam concrete.
Preferably, described step (3) adds foam cumulative volume to measure as follows:
A. the close of the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, the actual density of cement mortar foam mixture and cement mortar is measured Degree, by the foam volume of equation below calculating cement mortar foam mixture:
Wherein, VGasRefer to foam volume in cement mortar foam mixture, VAlwaysRefer to the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, ρ1Refer to Cement mortar foam mixture actual density, ρ refers to the actual density of cement mortar.
B. measure the foam volume that record is initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture, then calculated by equation below Bubble retention ratio:
Wherein, k refers to bubble retention ratio, V1' point to the foam volume being initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture.
C. design density p is determined0, and be initially added with in described cement mortar foam mixture according to theoretical foam volume Foam volume between ratio relation, by equation below calculate need add theoretical foam volume:
V 0 ′ = ( 1 - ρ 0 ρ ) V 1 ′ 1 - ρ 1 ρ
Wherein, V0' refer to need the theoretical foam volume of addition.
D. reduce inevitable due to foam, then cement mortar foam mixture actual density relatively designs density increase, therefore Need to be supplemented with certain foam to cement mortar foam mixture, the foam volume volume supplemented according to equation below calculating:
Wherein, Δ V is foam volume volume to be supplemented.
E. adding foam cumulative volume is V1'+ΔV。
The invention have the benefit that
(1) preparation method of the present invention is simple, easily realizes;
(2) density of preparation-obtained foam concrete is 700~1200kg/m3, application is extensive;
(3) present invention reasonably optimizing in preparation process each prescription proportioning, obtained foam concrete comprcssive strength is high, and Effectively overcome this difficult problem relatively big with design density difference of foam concrete actual density during practice of construction, be prepared into To foam concrete there is preparation density be accurate, bubble uniformly and the advantage such as high-strength light.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of foam concrete, preparation process is as follows:
(1) prepared by cement mortar: by cement 3600 parts, 1200 parts of flyash, water reducer 24 parts, stabilizer 9.6 parts, accelerator 144 parts of mixings, are subsequently adding 1950 parts of water, stir and starch in fluidised form;
(2) prepared by foam: being added to the water by foaming agent 9.74 parts, foam is prepared in stirring;
(3) cement mortar and foams mix: the foam of preparation in step (2) is slowly imported cement mortar, by the two mixing all Even cement mortar foam mixture;
(4) concrete prefabricated, pour: the cement mortar foam mixture that step (3) obtains is delivered in mould, fills slurry The most floating and with preservative film cover, form removal after maintenance 3d, be prepared foam concrete.
Wherein, described step (3) adds foam cumulative volume to measure as follows:
A. the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, the actual density of cement mortar foam mixture and the reality of cement mortar are measured Survey density, by the foam volume of equation below calculating cement mortar foam mixture:
Wherein, VGasRefer to foam volume in cement mortar foam mixture, VAlwaysRefer to the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, ρ1Refer to Cement mortar foam mixture actual density, ρ refers to the actual density of cement mortar.
B. measure the foam volume that record is initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture, then calculated by equation below Bubble retention ratio:
Wherein, k refers to bubble retention ratio, V1' point to the foam volume being initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture.
C. design density p is determined0For 1200kg/m3, then calculated by equation below and need the theoretical foam volume of addition:
V 0 ′ = ( 1 - ρ 0 ρ ) V 1 ′ 1 - ρ 1 ρ
Wherein, V0' refer to need the theoretical foam volume of addition.
D. reduce inevitable due to foam, then cement mortar foam mixture actual density relatively designs density increase, therefore Need to be supplemented with certain foam to cement mortar foam mixture, the foam volume volume supplemented according to equation below calculating:
Wherein, Δ V is foam volume volume to be supplemented.
The most then adding foam cumulative volume is V1'+ΔV。
The compressive strength test of described foam concrete measure with reference to JC/T1062 2007 " foam concrete block " and GB/T 11,969 2008 " steam-pressing aero-concrete method for testing performance " is carried out, and the present embodiment prepares concrete and (sets after measured Meter density 1200kg/m3, actual density 1208kg/m3) 7d comprcssive strength be 5.51MPa, 28d comprcssive strength be 9.28MPa.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of foam concrete, preparation process is as follows:
(1) prepared by cement mortar: by cement 2880 parts, 960 parts of flyash, water reducer 19 parts, stabilizer 7.68 parts, accelerator 115 parts of mixings, are subsequently adding 1730 parts of water, stir and starch in fluidised form;
(2) prepared by foam: being added to the water by foaming agent 17.23 parts, foam is prepared in stirring;
(3) cement mortar and foams mix: the foam of preparation in step (2) is slowly imported cement mortar, by the two mixing all Even cement mortar foam mixture;
(4) concrete prefabricated, pour: the cement mortar foam mixture that step (3) obtains is delivered in mould, fills slurry The most floating and with preservative film cover, form removal after maintenance 3d, be prepared foam concrete.
Preferably, described step (3) adds foam cumulative volume to measure as follows:
A. the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, the actual density of cement mortar foam mixture and the reality of cement mortar are measured Survey density, by the foam volume of equation below calculating cement mortar foam mixture:
Wherein, VGasRefer to foam volume in cement mortar foam mixture, VAlwaysRefer to the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, ρ1Refer to Cement mortar foam mixture actual density, ρ refers to the actual density of cement mortar.
B. measure the foam volume that record is initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture, then calculated by equation below Bubble retention ratio:
Wherein, k refers to bubble retention ratio, V1' point to the foam volume being initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture.
C. design density p is determined0For 960kg/m3, then calculated by equation below and need the theoretical foam volume of addition:
V 0 ′ = ( 1 - ρ 0 ρ ) V 1 ′ 1 - ρ 1 ρ
Wherein, V0' refer to need the theoretical foam volume of addition.
D. reduce inevitable due to foam, then cement mortar foam mixture actual density relatively designs density increase, therefore Need to be supplemented with certain foam to cement mortar foam mixture, the foam volume volume supplemented according to equation below calculating:
Wherein, Δ V is foam volume volume to be supplemented.
The most then adding foam cumulative volume is V1'+ΔV。
The compressive strength test of described foam concrete measure with reference to JC/T1062 2007 " foam concrete block " and GB/T 11,969 2008 " steam-pressing aero-concrete method for testing performance " is carried out, and the present embodiment prepares concrete and (sets after measured Meter density 960kg/m3, actual density 964kg/m3) 7d comprcssive strength be 1.81MPa, 28d comprcssive strength be 2.91MPa.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of foam concrete, preparation process is as follows:
(1) prepared by cement mortar: by cement 2160 parts, 720 parts of flyash, water reducer 14 parts, stabilizer 5.76 parts, accelerator 86.4 parts of mixings, are subsequently adding 1040 parts of water, stir and starch in fluidised form;
(2) prepared by foam: being added to the water by foaming agent 27.10 parts, foam is prepared in stirring;
(3) cement mortar and foams mix: the foam of preparation in step (2) is slowly imported cement mortar, by the two mixing all Even cement mortar foam mixture;
(4) concrete prefabricated, pour: the cement mortar foam mixture that step (3) obtains is delivered in mould, fills slurry The most floating and with preservative film cover, form removal after maintenance 3d, be prepared foam concrete.
Preferably, described step (3) adds foam cumulative volume to measure as follows:
A. the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, the actual density of cement mortar foam mixture and the reality of cement mortar are measured Survey density, by the foam volume of equation below calculating cement mortar foam mixture:
Wherein, VGasRefer to foam volume in cement mortar foam mixture, VAlwaysRefer to the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, ρ1Refer to Cement mortar foam mixture actual density, ρ refers to the actual density of cement mortar.
B. measure the foam volume that record is initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture, then calculated by equation below Bubble retention ratio:
Wherein, k refers to bubble retention ratio, V1' point to the foam volume being initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture.
C. design density p is determined0For 720kg/m3, then calculated by equation below and need the theoretical foam volume of addition:
V 0 ′ = ( 1 - ρ 0 ρ ) V 1 ′ 1 - ρ 1 ρ
Wherein, V0' refer to need the theoretical foam volume of addition.
D. reduce inevitable due to foam, then cement mortar foam mixture actual density relatively designs density increase, therefore Need to be supplemented with certain foam to cement mortar foam mixture, the foam volume volume supplemented according to equation below calculating:
Wherein, Δ V is foam volume volume to be supplemented.
The most then adding foam cumulative volume is V1'+ΔV。
The compressive strength test of described foam concrete measure with reference to JC/T1062 2007 " foam concrete block " and GB/T 11,969 2008 " steam-pressing aero-concrete method for testing performance " is carried out, and the present embodiment prepares concrete and (sets after measured Meter density 720kg/m3, actual density 725kg/m3) 7d comprcssive strength be 0.55MPa, 28d comprcssive strength be 0.95MPa.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment Limiting, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that, on the basis of technical scheme, those skilled in the art need not Pay various amendments or deformation that creative work can make still in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a foam concrete, it is characterised in that by cement, flyash, water, water reducer, stabilizer, foaming agent and accelerator Making, each component is calculated by weight as: cement 2100~3600 parts, flyash 700~1200 parts, water 1000~2000 parts, Water reducer 14~24 parts, stabilizer 5~10 parts, foaming agent 9~28 parts, accelerator 80~150 parts.
2. foam concrete as claimed in claim 1 a kind of, it is characterised in that described foam concrete by cement, flyash, Water, water reducer, stabilizer, foaming agent and accelerator are made, and each component is calculated by weight as: cement 3600 parts, flyash 1200 parts, 1950 parts of water, water reducer 24 parts, stabilizer 9.6 parts, foaming agent 9.74 parts, accelerator 144 parts.
3. foam concrete as claimed in claim 1 a kind of, it is characterised in that described foam concrete by cement, flyash, Water, water reducer, stabilizer, foaming agent and accelerator are made, and each component is calculated by weight as: cement 2880 parts, flyash 960 Part, 1730 parts of water, water reducer 19 parts, stabilizer 7.68 parts, foaming agent 17.23 parts, accelerator 115 parts.
4. foam concrete as claimed in claim 1 a kind of, it is characterised in that described foam concrete by cement, flyash, Water, water reducer, stabilizer, foaming agent and accelerator are made, and each component is calculated by weight as: cement 2160 parts, flyash 720 Part, 1040 parts of water, water reducer 14 parts, stabilizer 5.76 parts, foaming agent 27.10 parts, accelerator 86.4 parts.
5. a kind of foam concrete as described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described cement be grade be 42.5 Portland cement, described foaming agent is animal proteinum class foaming agent.
6. a kind of foam concrete as described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described accelerator includes that alumina is ripe Material.
7. a kind of foam concrete as described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described stabilizer is nonionic table Face activating agent.
8. a kind of foam concrete as described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described water reducer is that naphthalene system is the strongest Water reducer.
9. the preparation method of a kind of foam concrete as described in any one of claim 1-8, it is characterised in that preparation process is such as Under:
(1) prepared by cement mortar: described parts by weight cement, flyash, water reducer, stabilizer and accelerator is mixed, then adds Enter above-mentioned parts by weight water, stir and starch in fluidised form;
(2) prepared by foam: being added to the water by described parts by weight of blowing agent, foam is prepared in stirring;
(3) cement mortar and foams mix: the foam of preparation in step (2) is slowly imported cement mortar, the two mix homogeneously is obtained Cement mortar foam mixture;
(4) concrete prefabricated, pour: the cement mortar foam mixture that step (3) obtains is delivered in mould, smears after filling slurry Put down and cover with preservative film, form removal after maintenance 3d, be prepared foam concrete.
10. a kind of preparation method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that add foam cumulative volume in described step (3) and press Following method measures:
A. the actual measurement measuring the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, the actual density of cement mortar foam mixture and cement mortar is close Degree, by the foam volume of equation below calculating cement mortar foam mixture:
Wherein, VGasRefer to foam volume in cement mortar foam mixture, VAlwaysRefer to the cumulative volume of cement mortar foam mixture, ρ1Refer to cement Pulp foam mixture actual density, ρ refers to the actual density of cement mortar.
B. measure the foam volume that record is initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture, then calculate bubble by equation below Retention ratio:
Wherein, k refers to bubble retention ratio, V1' point to the foam volume being initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture.
C. design density p is determined0, and according to theoretical foam volume and the bubble being initially added in described cement mortar foam mixture Ratio relation between foam amount, is calculated by equation below and needs the theoretical foam volume of addition:
V 0 ′ = ( 1 - ρ 0 ρ ) V 1 ′ 1 - ρ 1 ρ
Wherein, V0' refer to need the theoretical foam volume of addition.
D. reduce inevitable due to foam, then cement mortar foam mixture actual density relatively designs density increase, it is therefore desirable to It is supplemented with certain foam, the foam volume volume supplemented according to equation below calculating to cement mortar foam mixture:
Wherein, Δ V is foam volume volume to be supplemented.
The most then adding foam cumulative volume is V1'+ΔV。
CN201610523970.9A 2016-07-04 2016-07-04 A kind of foam concrete and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN106186860B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113003993A (en) * 2021-04-21 2021-06-22 苏永青 Foamed concrete and preparation process thereof
CN113336492A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-09-03 北京慕湖新材料技术有限公司 Durable foam concrete and preparation method thereof
CN113603504A (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-11-05 山东交通学院 Silt foam concrete and preparation method thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102260065A (en) * 2011-05-25 2011-11-30 南京工业大学 Foam concrete and preparation method thereof
CN102838375A (en) * 2012-09-17 2012-12-26 贾立群 Inorganic foam heat insulating material and preparation method thereof
CN104108912A (en) * 2014-06-19 2014-10-22 广东省建筑科学研究院 Lightweight high-performance foam concrete and preparation method thereof
CN104150951A (en) * 2014-08-25 2014-11-19 武汉理工大学 Low-water-absorption foamed concrete and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102260065A (en) * 2011-05-25 2011-11-30 南京工业大学 Foam concrete and preparation method thereof
CN102838375A (en) * 2012-09-17 2012-12-26 贾立群 Inorganic foam heat insulating material and preparation method thereof
CN104108912A (en) * 2014-06-19 2014-10-22 广东省建筑科学研究院 Lightweight high-performance foam concrete and preparation method thereof
CN104150951A (en) * 2014-08-25 2014-11-19 武汉理工大学 Low-water-absorption foamed concrete and preparation method thereof

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113003993A (en) * 2021-04-21 2021-06-22 苏永青 Foamed concrete and preparation process thereof
CN113336492A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-09-03 北京慕湖新材料技术有限公司 Durable foam concrete and preparation method thereof
CN113336492B (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-11-26 北京慕湖新材料技术有限公司 Durable foam concrete and preparation method thereof
CN113603504A (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-11-05 山东交通学院 Silt foam concrete and preparation method thereof

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