CN106186610B - A kind of process handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry - Google Patents

A kind of process handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry Download PDF

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CN106186610B
CN106186610B CN201610770143.XA CN201610770143A CN106186610B CN 106186610 B CN106186610 B CN 106186610B CN 201610770143 A CN201610770143 A CN 201610770143A CN 106186610 B CN106186610 B CN 106186610B
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fermentation reactor
anaerobic organism
short distance
reactor
fermentation
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CN106186610A (en
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周建华
赵业华
王明明
李旭源
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Beijing yingherui Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Beijing Ying And Rui Environmental Polytron Technologies Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of processes for handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry, the capital equipment of use includes excrement cache pool, primary concentration basin, anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor, short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor and secondary concentration pond, and described method includes following steps: the reflux control of the pretreatment of material, the fermentation process of material and mixed liquor material.The present invention is using the technical measures of sub-prime charging and multiple spot reflux, so that the gas producing efficiency of system improves 20%, the whole anaerobic fermentation system water conservancy residence time reduces 20%.

Description

A kind of process handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry
Technical field
The invention belongs to offal treatments and resource utilization field, and in particular to (total solid contains for a kind of processing low concentration Measure TS < 5%) feces of livestock and poultry process.
Background technique
Large size livestock and poultry farm generallys use water and rushes excrement for improving production efficiency and reinforcing the consideration of epidemic prevention safety at present Method for breeding, i.e., using water by feces of livestock and poultry be pipelined to centralized processing excrement methane station.Such process is set The intensity that meter can both mitigate artificial cleaning up excrement improves cleaning up excrement efficiency, it is often more important that underground piping conveys excrement, makes cleaning Area and excrement clear (area) are layered, and the working region of two kinds of completely different sanitary standards is in different spaces and ensures the anti-of farm Epidemic disease safety, this is the technique of removing contamination that large-scale plant that raises generally use.
Due to making the excrement for focusing on methane station be diluted usual concentration TS ﹤ 5% using the method for Hydraulic transportation excrement, For the technology that the feces of livestock and poultry of such low concentration generallys use at present be after the feces of livestock and poultry of the low concentration is suitably concentrated it is complete Portion is directly promoted to and is thoroughly mixed anaerobic fermentation reactor, and various materials are sufficiently mixed in reactor.35 are kept in reactor Under conditions of DEG C -38 DEG C, well-mixed material is stopping 20-25 days or more heel row to biogas slurry storage pool.Such fermentation work Its unit reactor volume of skill produces biogas efficiency and is difficult more than one cubic metre one cubic metre of biogas of space reactor production.
Although in relation to document and patent (201210006583.X), (01127501.4) discloses the similar waste of processing Method, but disclosed operating parameter and the method for operation are not suitable for low concentration feces of livestock and poultry, and these patents do not have yet There is the anaerobic biological reactor operating energy loss parameter for proposing actual motion, design selection, the mode that feeds intake such as blender, waste heat Land use systems etc..Low concentration feces of livestock and poultry cannot efficiently be handled using the method and parameter of above-mentioned patent disclosure.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of technique side for handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry Method, the equipment of use include excrement cache pool, primary concentration basin, anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor, short distance anaerobic organism hair Ferment reactor and secondary concentration pond, described method includes following steps:
The pretreatment of S1, material: the feces of livestock and poultry of low concentration is sent into cache pool, is pumped after mixing to the feces of livestock and poultry Enter primary concentration basin, so that the feces of livestock and poultry of low concentration is layered under the effect of gravity, forms supernatant and bottom concentrate；
The fermentation process of S2, material；The step includes following two sub-steps:
S21: being pumped directly into short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor for the supernatant in step S1, carries out with anaerobe Anaerobic fermentation reaction；
S22: the bottom concentrate in step S1 is promoted to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor, in the anaerobic organism Is thoroughly mixed in multiplication fermentation reactor with biological flora, it is fermented after discharge of materials to short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reaction Device continues anaerobic fermentation with anaerobe and reacts；
S3: biogas slurry diluter at the top of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor is discharged into secondary concentration pond, after concentrated, by two Supernatant at the top of grade concentration basin is discharged into biogas slurry pond.
Alternatively and preferably, the step S3 further include:
The denseer mixed liquor in short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor bottom is back to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor； And
The concentrate of secondary concentration bottom of pond portion is back to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor；The secondary concentration bottom of pond The concentrate in portion also flows back into cache pool.
Alternatively and preferably, blender is arranged in the anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor, and stirring intensity is not less than 6W/ m3, the full tank of blender seethes number: not less than 5-6 times/hours, typically no less than 5 hours.
Alternatively and preferably, the short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor is provided with blender, and stirring intensity is to detest 40%-the 80% of oxygen biology multiplication fermentation reactor stirring intensity.I.e. its mixing time is anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 40%-the 80% of stirring intensity.
Alternatively and preferably, hydraulic detention time 7-12 days of anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor；
Hydraulic detention time 3-6 days of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor；
Whole anaerobic fermentation process were less than 16 days；
Short distance bio anaerobic fermentation reactor and anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor volumetric ratio are 1:1.5-1:3.
Alternatively and preferably, anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor and short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor use into Material mode are as follows: at least divide 6 cycles of operation daily, no more than 12 periods, 4 to 2 hours each periods.In each operation In period, 50-75% time in blender and continuous service complete period is first turned on, stops the time of stirring 25-50%； Start to feed intake after turn on agitator is run 30 minutes, anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor and short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reaction The charging time of device is 25%-the 50% of mixing time.
Alternatively and preferably, it at least detects within every 24 hours an anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor and short distance anaerobism is raw The total alkalinity (TAC) and volatile acid (FOS) of material in object fermentation reactor, and the ratio of FOS/TAC is measured, FOS value is Ying Wei It holds within the scope of 2500 to 3500mg/L；When FOS/TAC is less than 0.3 in anaerobic organism micro-iodide device, it was demonstrated that reaction Load is lower in device, can increase the inlet amount of anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor, and reduces short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reaction The regurgitant volume of device bottom mixed liquor；When FOS/TAC is between 0.3-0.4, stable feed loading should be kept；When FOS/TAC is big When 0.4, load is higher, should reduce inlet amount, increases the regurgitant volume of the mixed liquor of short distance anaerobic reactor, until FOS/TAC Less than 0.4.
Alternatively and preferably, short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor reflux ratio It is 50% -150%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1, this invention takes the scheme of sub-prime charging, easily biodegradable organics are respectively at two with not easily biodegradable organics Reactor, i.e., by the not degradable concentrate containing larger molecular organics after the concentration of primary concentration basin, investment anaerobic organism times Increase fermentation reactor, more degradable precipitating supernatant is put into short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor, the prior art is avoided Loss in efficiency after uniform feeding shortens system hydraulic detention time 20%.
2, the present invention is additionally arranged short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor and the bottoms material in secondary concentration pond is back to anaerobism The scheme of biology multiplication fermentation reactor uses multiple spot and flows back, compared with prior art anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reaction In device, possesses higher anaerobe flora concentration, higher feed loading can be born.The material of higher concentration is stirring Under the action of device rapidly it is evenly dispersed to reactor everywhere, be fully in contact with microbial flora and highly effective reaction.Part Material enters short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor with discharging and continues to carry out micro- life since there is no sufficiently reactions for short flow phenomenon Object degradation reaction, meanwhile, the reflux effect in short distance anaerobic reactor and secondary concentration pond will allow microorganism to obtain longer times Increase the time, guarantees to keep higher flora concentration in anaerobic system, the organic matter being adsorbed in flora is allowed to obtain longer reaction Residence time, therefore obtain higher degradation rate.
3, present invention optimizes agitator designs and operating scheme, it is ensured that the normal operation of system, and energy saving 10% or more.
4, this invention takes equilibrium operating schemes, stable, and gas producing efficiency improves 20%.
5, present invention determine that using detection total alkalinity (TAC) and volatile acid (FOS), the actual parameter of control system.Really The stable operation of system is protected.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention；
In figure: 1-excrement cache pool, 2-primary concentration basins, 3-anaerobic organisms multiplication fermentation reactor, 4-short distances are detested Oxygen biofermentation reactor, 5-secondary concentration ponds, 6-biogas slurry ponds.
Specific embodiment
It is right below with reference to attached drawing of the invention in order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical solution of the present invention Technical solution of the present invention carries out clear, complete description, and based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art exist Other similar embodiments obtained under the premise of creative work are not made, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of process for handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry, the main implementation of use and equipment include excrement Just cache pool 1, primary concentration basin 2, anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3, short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 and second level are dense Contracting pond 5, described method includes following steps:
The pretreatment of S1, material: the feces of livestock and poultry of low concentration enters excrement cache pool 1, which is uniformly mixed After be pumped into primary concentration basin 2, the feces of livestock and poultry layering of low concentration, forms supernatant and bottom concentrate under the effect of gravity.
The fermentation process of S2, material；The step includes 2 sub-steps that can be carried out simultaneously, and a sub-steps S21 is will to walk Supernatant in rapid S1 is pumped directly into short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4, carries out anaerobic fermentation with anaerobe and reacts；
Another sub-step S22 is that the bottom concentrate in step S1 is promoted to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3, It is thoroughly mixed in the anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3 with anaerobic organism flora, the discharge of materials after sufficiently fermenting is extremely Short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 carries out anaerobic fermentation with anaerobe and reacts；
The reflow treatment of S3, material: the denseer mixed liquor in 4 bottoms of the short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor is back to Anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3；Further, it is also possible to which the supernatant at the top of secondary concentration pond is discharged into biogas slurry pond.
The diluter biogas slurry in 4 top of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor is discharged into secondary concentration pond 5,.
The concentrate of 5 bottom of secondary concentration pond is back to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3, can also be back to Excrement cache pool 1.
The supernatant at 5 top of secondary concentration pond is discharged into biogas slurry pond 6.
Blender is arranged in the anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3, and stirring intensity is not less than 6W/m3, i.e., every cubic metre Pool capacity, stirring motor power be not less than 6W.The full tank of blender seethes number: being not less than 5-6 times/hours；The short distance anaerobism Biofermentation reactor 4 is provided with blender and stirring intensity is anaerobic organism multiplication 3 stirring intensity of fermentation reactor 40%-80%, short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 and anaerobic organism multiplication 3 volumetric ratio of fermentation reactor are 1:1.5-1: 3；The water conservancy residence time needed for short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor is short, and reactor organic loading is low, is especially considering that Necessary inspissation is formed on the bottom of the reactor, in order to improve anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor anaerobism by reflux Biological flora quantity, therefore stirring intensity can be reduced, with energy saving.The short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 3 is also set It is equipped with reflux line, the reflux line is connect with anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3, raw for the short distance anaerobism that flows back The denseer mixed liquor in 4 bottom of object fermentation reactor.Short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 to anaerobic organism double fermentation reactor 3 reflux ratio is 50% -150%.When calculating reflux ratio, regurgitant volume is according to the two of 4 sum of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor The grade total regurgitant volume of concentration basin 5 calculates, and inlet amount is the feces of livestock and poultry total amount that cache pool receives.The ratio of total regurgitant volume and inlet amount As reflux ratio.
Hydraulic detention time 7-12 days of anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3, short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 Hydraulic detention time 3-6 days, whole anaerobic processes were less than 16 days.In the prior art, feeding intake for fermentation reactor is commonly collection In feed intake, i.e., it is general in the morning or disposably whole materials to be put into reactor react at night, but this side of feeding intake Formula does not fully take into account the operating load of environment in reactor, causes reaction efficiency low.To solve this problem, inventor uses The feed solutions of equilibrium operating, equilibrium operating are the essential condition for guaranteeing anaerobic organism stable reaction and carrying out, anaerobic organism times Increase the feeding manner that fermentation reactor 3 and short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 use are as follows: at least divide 6 cycles of operation daily, No more than 12 periods, 4 to 2 hours each periods.Within each cycle of operation, blender and continuous service are first turned on The time of 50-the 75% of complete period stops the time of stirring 25-50%, can not only guarantee to stir evenly in this way, but also can save About energy consumption.In one cycle, blender starts to feed intake after opening after 30 minutes, this is to guarantee to stir evenly.Anaerobism is raw The charging time of object multiplication fermentation reactor 3 and short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 is 25%-the 50% of mixing time.? In equilibrium operating, feeding manner is carried out according to period distances, can guarantee provide in each period for material in this way Enough biological concentrations, improve reaction efficiency.
During processing, biogas output can change with reaction environment in each reactor, and in the prior art The internal cause of this variation can not be controlled.The present invention in order to keep the production efficiency of biogas, once detest by least detection in every 24 hours The total alkalinity (TAC) of material, volatile acid (FOS) in oxygen biology multiplication fermentation reactor 3 and short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 Etc. indexs, with understand biogas output variation the reason of.Anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3 and short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reaction The FOS value of device 4 is that should maintain within the scope of 2500 to 3500mg/L.The ratio that daily emphasis monitoring data are FOS/TAC, When FOS/TAC is less than 0.3 in anaerobic organism micro-iodide device 3, it was demonstrated that load is lower in reactor, can directly increase reactor Inlet amount, the appropriate regurgitant volume for reducing 4 bottom mixed liquor of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor；When FOS/TAC is between 0.3- When 0.4, reactor is in normal condition, should keep stable feed loading；When FOS/TAC is greater than 0.4, reactor load mistake It carries, inlet amount should be reduced, increase the regurgitant volume of the mixed liquor of short distance anaerobic reactor 4, until FOS/TAC is less than 0.4.
Application examples
Certain dairy cow farm rushes excrement using water and removes contamination technique, and TS% is less than 4%.Night soil-treatment uses side of the invention Case.Its anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3 designs 2,3000 cubic metres every；3 blenders, every power are set 45KW.Short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 designs 1,3000 cubic metres of volume；3 blenders, every power are set 35KW.Total effectively fermentation volume is 9000m3.The average daily inlet amount 800m of excrement and urine treating system3/ d, VS/TS=80%, using medium temperature It ferments (38 DEG C).The reflux ratio of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor 4 to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor 3 is 80%.Though Right hydraulic detention time (HRT) is only 12 days, but average daily gas production is 12000m3More than, volumetric gas production rate is greater than 1.2m3/ m3.d, unit VS gas production reaches 450-480m3/ t VS promotes 20% or more compared with common process gas production.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art The other embodiments being understood that.

Claims (6)

1. it is a kind of handle low concentration feces of livestock and poultry process, which is characterized in that the equipment of use include excrement cache pool, just Grade concentration basin, anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor, short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor and secondary concentration pond, the method packet Include following steps:
The pretreatment of S1, material: the feces of livestock and poultry of low concentration is sent into cache pool, is pumped into after mixing just to the feces of livestock and poultry Grade concentration basin forms supernatant and bottom concentrate so that the feces of livestock and poultry of low concentration is layered under the effect of gravity；
The fermentation process of S2, material；The step includes following two sub-steps:
S21: being pumped directly into short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor for the supernatant in step S1, carries out anaerobism with anaerobe Fermentation reaction；
S22: the bottom concentrate in step S1 is promoted to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor, is doubled in the anaerobic organism Is thoroughly mixed with biological flora in fermentation reactor, it is fermented after discharge of materials to short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor, with Anaerobe continues anaerobic fermentation reaction；
S3: being discharged into secondary concentration pond for biogas slurry diluter at the top of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor, after concentrated, second level is dense Supernatant at the top of contracting pond is discharged into biogas slurry pond；
The hydraulic detention time of anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor is 7-12 days；
The hydraulic detention time of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor is 3-6 days；
Whole anaerobic fermentation process were less than 16 days；
The volumetric ratio of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor and anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor is 1: 1.5-1: 3；
The feeding manner that anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor and short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor use are as follows: at least divide daily 6 cycles of operation, no more than 12 periods, 4 to 2 hours each periods first turn on stirring within each cycle of operation The time of device and the 50-75% in continuous service complete period stops the time of stirring 25-50%；30 points are run in turn on agitator Start to feed intake after clock, when the charging time of anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor and short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor is stirring Between 25%-50%.
2. a kind of process for handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S3 Further include:
The denseer mixed liquor in short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor bottom is back to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor；And
The concentrate of secondary concentration bottom of pond portion is back to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor；The secondary concentration bottom of pond portion Concentrate also flows back into cache pool.
3. a kind of process for handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the anaerobism is raw Blender is arranged in object multiplication fermentation reactor, and stirring intensity is not less than 6W/m3, the full tank of blender seethes number: not less than 5-6 Secondary/hour.
4. a kind of process for handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the short distance is detested Oxygen biofermentation reactor is provided with blender, and stirring intensity is anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor stirring intensity 40%-80%.
5. a kind of process for handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that every 24 hours extremely Detect in anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor and short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor less the total alkalinity (TAC) of material and Volatile acid (FOS), and the ratio of FOS/TAC is measured, FOS value is that should maintain within the scope of 2500 to 3500mg/L；When detesting When FOS/TAC is less than 0.3 in oxygen biology micro-iodide device, it was demonstrated that load is lower in reactor, can increase anaerobic organism and issue additional again The inlet amount of ferment reactor, and reduce the regurgitant volume of short distance anaerobic organism fermentation reactor bottom mixed liquor；When FOS/TAC between When 0.3-0.4, stable feed loading should be kept；When FOS/TAC is greater than 0.4, load is higher, should reduce inlet amount, increases The regurgitant volume of the mixed liquor of short distance anaerobic reactor, until FOS/TAC is less than 0.4.
6. a kind of process for handling low concentration feces of livestock and poultry as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that short distance anaerobism is raw The reflux ratio of object fermentation reactor to anaerobic organism multiplication fermentation reactor is 50%-150%.
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