CN106184285A - Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion and system - Google Patents

Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106184285A
CN106184285A CN201610596342.3A CN201610596342A CN106184285A CN 106184285 A CN106184285 A CN 106184285A CN 201610596342 A CN201610596342 A CN 201610596342A CN 106184285 A CN106184285 A CN 106184285A
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coordinate
discrete point
tread
data fusion
curve
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苏钊颐
李宏辉
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Guangzhou Metro Group Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Metro Group Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
    • G01B11/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters of objects while moving
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G16Z99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion, comprise the following steps: (1) obtains the discrete point set of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；(2) described discrete point set is fitted to integrity profile curve respectively；(3) the integrity profile curve that flange height value is minimum is selected；(4) solve and obtain tread radius.The Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion of present invention offer and system, its certainty of measurement is high.

Description

Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion and system, especially Relate to a kind of method and system measuring Railway wheelset diameter by choosing laser signal-noise ratio optimum.
Background technology
Railway wheelset periphery is made up of with tread two function curved surface wheel rim, and tread contacts with rail and realizes Inhaul operation, It is provided commonly for guiding with wheel rim.Therefore, wheel all can produce abrasion, only to the surface portion contacted with rail generation on periphery The circular arc on wheel rim top is the part not contacted with rail, there are not abrasion, and is in operation and is always maintained at stable dimensioning Very little.The diameter of wheel rim is the size that Train Wheel is critically important, and prior art is to use Train Wheel footpath chi to Railway wheelset by artificial Diameter is measured or is detected by Railway wheelset physical dimension on-line measurement system, and the certainty of measurement in wheel footpath all exists 0.5mm。
Summary of the invention
Based on above not enough, it is straight that the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Railway wheelset based on data fusion Footpath on-line automaticization measuring method and system, its certainty of measurement is high.
In order to solve above technical problem, present invention employs techniques below scheme:
A kind of Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion, comprises the following steps:
(1) discrete point set of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section is obtained；
(2) described discrete point set is fitted to integrity profile curve respectively；
(3) the integrity profile curve that flange height value is minimum is selected；
(4) solve and obtain tread radius.
The discrete point set of the tread wheel rim of described acquisition Train Wheel different cross section includes:
(11) coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section is obtained；
(12) described coordinate is fused into discrete point set.
The coordinate of the tread wheel rim of described acquisition Train Wheel different cross section includes:
It is respectively provided with laser displacement sensor near the tread of Train Wheel and the position of wheel rim in orbit, enters from Train Wheel Entering laser displacement sensor effective range and stop to leaving laser displacement sensor effective range, two laser displacements pass Sensor synchronizes to obtain the own coordinate system coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section respectively；
Described own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion is become middle coordinate system coordinate.
Described middle coordinate system coordinate is become to include described own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion:
Set up own coordinate and be tied to the transformational relation of middle coordinate system；
It is middle coordinate system coordinate according to described transformational relation by own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion.
Described described discrete point set fitted to integrity profile curve respectively include:
Discrete point sectional is fitted to sectional curve；
Described subsection curve drafting is become integrity profile curve.
A kind of Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measurement system based on data fusion, including: discrete point set obtains mould Block, contour curve fitting module, contour curve choose module and radius solves module, wherein,
Discrete point set acquisition module, for obtaining the discrete point set of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Contour curve fitting module, for fitting to integrity profile curve respectively by described discrete point set；
Contour curve chooses module, for selecting the integrity profile curve of flange height value minimum；
Radius solves module, is used for solving and obtains tread radius.
Described contour curve is chosen module and is included coordinate acquiring unit, coordinate integrated unit, wherein,
Coordinate acquiring unit, for obtaining the coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Coordinate integrated unit, is fused into discrete point set by described coordinate.
Described coordinate acquiring unit includes two laser displacement sensors and coordinate transformation unit,
Laser displacement sensor, is separately positioned on the inner side and outer side of described Train Wheel, and described laser displacement sensor divides Tong Bu not obtain the own coordinate system coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Coordinate transformation unit, becomes middle coordinate system coordinate by described own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion.
Described coordinate transformation unit includes,
Measurement model subelement, is tied to the transformational relation of middle coordinate system for setting up own coordinate；
Conversion subelement, for being middle coordinate system coordinate according to described transformational relation by own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion.
Described contour curve fitting module includes:
Subsection curve drafting unit, for fitting to sectional curve by discrete point sectional；
Contour curve fitting unit, for becoming integrity profile curve by described subsection curve drafting.
Using above technical scheme, the present invention achieves techniques below effect:
The Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion of present invention offer and system, its energy The certainty of measurement reached is taken turns physical dimension measurement technology and general maintenance wheel footpath measurement technology online higher than existing train Precision, and simple in construction is easy for installation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method；
Fig. 2 is laser displacement sensing in present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method Device position relative with Train Wheel top view；
Fig. 3 is laser displacement sensing in present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method Scope schematic diagram measured by device；
Fig. 4 is laser displacement sensing in present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method The perspective view of device；
Fig. 5 a and 5b is respectively swashing of present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method Optical displacement sensor A and B is Coordinate Conversion schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the tread after merging in present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method Discrete point set schematic diagram with the profile of wheel rim；
Fig. 7 is to be intended by discrete point set in present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method Close the integrity profile curve formed；
Fig. 8 is that in present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method, wheel dynamically passes through The laser rays measurement model figure that laser displacement sensor obtains；
Fig. 9 is the wheel in other cross section in present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method The contrast schematic diagram of the profile in the wide cross section with respect to wheel axis；
Figure 10 is that the composition structure of present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measurement system is shown It is intended to.
Detailed description of the invention
As Figure 1-Figure 5, present invention Railway wheelset based on data fusion diameter on-line automaticization measuring method includes Hereinafter walk
Rapid: S101: to obtain the discrete point set of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Concrete, as in figure 2 it is shown, be respectively provided with laser displacement near the tread of Train Wheel and the position of wheel rim in orbit Sensor, wherein, the laser displacement sensor being numbered A is arranged in orbit near the position of wheel rim, is numbered the laser position of B Displacement sensor is arranged in orbit near the position of tread, and laser displacement sensor A and laser displacement sensor B together decides on Test surface is 45 ° with the inclination angle of track horizontal plane, it is also possible to for other angle.Fig. 3 is the projection of laser displacement sensor A and B Schematic diagram, laser displacement sensor A and B synchronizes the own coordinate system coordinate of fetching portion tread and wheel rim respectively, from Train Wheel The effective range entering laser displacement sensor A and B is stopped to the effective range leaving laser displacement sensor A and B, Two laser displacement sensors synchronize to obtain the own coordinate system coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section respectively, described section Face is the cross section by wheel axis or the cross section being parallel to described wheel axis.
Laser displacement sensor based on laser triangulation principle, internal optical system by laser diode and CCD line Property sensing element composition, the laser that lasing light emitter is launched forms a laser band at tread and wheel rim, and its reflection light is at an angle Reflex to CCD linear response element, after the integrated circuit of sensor processes optical displacement data, obtain tread profile coordinate points. Measurement value sensor is displayed by X-Y datagram, and the most each point of measuring can export two values, and a value is in measuring Distance X of heart line, a value is distance Y from sensor lasing light emitter, and in Fig. 3, region C is having of laser displacement sensor A or B Effect measurement scope, wherein La is the least effective dose (LED) journey of horizontal X, and Le is the maximal effective dose journey of horizontal X, Lm be longitudinal Y Little useful range, Ln is the maximal effective dose journey of longitudinal Y.
Owing to sensor is installed on track both sides, the lateral displacement caused between the trip between wheel track, real-time full profile in addition Curve cannot overlap naturally with static criteria profile.Further, due to the installation site of two laser displacement sensors and horizontal plane And track all has a certain degree, the curve that the own coordinate system coordinate recorded is formed will necessarily produce distortion, therefore need to be to former The own coordinate system coordinate begun is corrected.As shown in figure 5a and 5b, the rectification to own coordinate system coordinate is rotated by coordinate Realize, rotated by coordinate and described own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion is become middle coordinate system coordinate.Concrete main by two steps Suddenly complete, first, set up own coordinate and be tied to the transformational relation model of middle coordinate system；Will be own further according to described transformational relation Coordinate system Coordinate Conversion is middle coordinate system coordinate.
Transformational relation model is as follows:
u n ( 3 ) = x n ( 3 ) 2 + y n ( 3 ) 2 sin ( θ + β 3 ) = x n ( 3 ) cosβ 3 + y n ( 3 ) sinβ 3 v n ( 3 ) = x n ( 3 ) 2 + y n ( 3 ) 2 cos ( θ + β 3 ) = y n ( 3 ) cosβ 3 - x n ( 3 ) sinβ 3
u n ( 4 ) = x n ( 4 ) 2 + y n ( 4 ) 2 sin ( θ ′ - β 4 ) = x n ( 4 ) cosβ 2 - y n ( 4 ) sinβ 2 v n ( 4 ) = x n ( 4 ) 2 + y n ( 4 ) 2 cos ( θ ′ - β 4 ) = y n ( 4 ) cosβ 2 + x n ( 4 ) sinβ 2
In formula, (xn (3),yn (3)) it is the sensing point own coordinate system x in sensors A(3)o(3)y(3)On coordinate, (xn (4), yn (4)) it is the sensing point own coordinate system x at sensor B(4)o(4)y(4)On coordinate, θ is sensing point and the y of sensors A(3)Axle Angle, θ ＇ is sensing point and the y of sensor 4(4)The angle of axle, (un (3),vn (3)) it is that the sensing point of sensor 3 is in middle coordinate It is u(3)o(3)v(3)Interior coordinate figure, (un (4),vn (4)) it is that the sensing point of sensor 4 is in middle coordinate system u(4)o(4)v(4)Interior seat Scale value.The sensing point detected by laser displacement sensor A and B obtains after the coordinate of own coordinate system is according to above-mentioned model conversion Sensing point is at the coordinate of middle coordinate system.
All can only detect the coordinate of the profile of part tread and wheel rim due to sensors A and B, therefore need will swash further The sensing point of Optical displacement sensor A and B merges at the coordinate of middle coordinate system, to obtain the profile of whole tread and wheel rim Discrete point set.Namely the sensing point of laser displacement sensor A and B is all transformed into benchmark seat at the coordinate of middle coordinate system In mark system.The fusion of coordinate is realized by coordinate Fusion Model.
Coordinate Fusion Model is as follows:
un=un (3) un=un (4)+Δu
vn=vn(4) vn=vn (4)+Δv
(u in formulan,vn) it is that the sensing point of laser displacement sensor A and B is fused at benchmark at the coordinate of middle coordinate system Coordinate after coordinate system, u Δ is that the initial point of the middle coordinate system of laser displacement sensor B exists relative to the initial point of the frame of reference The axial skew of U, v Δ be the initial point of the middle coordinate system of laser displacement sensor B relative to the initial point of the frame of reference at V Axial skew.Frame of reference initial point overlaps with the middle coordinate system initial point of sensors A, therefore the middle coordinate of sensors A The initial point of system is 0 relative to the side-play amount of the initial point of the frame of reference.Tread after fusion and the discrete point set of the profile of wheel rim As shown in Figure 6.
S102: described discrete point set is fitted to integrity profile curve respectively；
Specifically, first discrete point sectional is fitted to sectional curve；Again described subsection curve drafting is become integrity profile Curve.
Curve shown in Fig. 7 is the integrity profile curve formed by discrete point set matching, and during due to Wheel Rail Contact, Train Wheel is leaned on There is not abrasion and deformation in nearly track one side end face and rail level, therefore on the integrity profile curve recorded, respective column wheel is near rail The linear feature of side, road endface position is the most obvious, this end face straight line is set to the first datum line l of wheel, from wheel rim end face The point of 70mm is set to tread point a, and wheel footpath is defined as a radius r for a place circle, and the summit of wheel rim is set to n point, n point place circle Radius is that difference in height h of R, a point and n point is flange height.Complexity due to tread contour profile, it is difficult to determine with one Curve matching whole tread profile, therefore first a range of discrete point is carried out piecewise fitting and becomes sectional curve；Again by institute State subsection curve drafting and become integrity profile curve, thus improve the degree of accuracy that datum mark coordinate figure extracts.
S103: select the integrity profile curve that flange height value is minimum；
Pass as it was previously stated, enter the effective range of laser displacement sensor A and B from Train Wheel to leaving laser displacement The effective range of sensor A and B is only, it will obtain tread corresponding to a series of Train Wheel different radii and the discrete point of wheel rim Collection, when wheel is dynamically by laser displacement sensor, and laser displacement sensor test surface not necessarily by wheel axis, records Tread profile certain stretcher strain can occur, as it is shown in figure 9, in Fig. 9, L1 is not by the contour curve of wheel axis, L2 is the contour curve by wheel axis.Therefore contour curve need to be screened, select the profile by wheel axis Curve.Minimum by the flange height of the contour curve of wheel axis, therefore have only to filter out flange height value minimum Contour curve can be obtained by the contour curve by wheel axis.
S104: solve and obtain tread radius；
The precise radius of definition wheel rim top n point circumference is R, and precision 0.01mm, owing to this circle diameter is at running In abrasion change will not occur, therefore can be as stable high precision reference, i.e. R for it is known that utilize data host data base to store up Deposit corresponding wheel and Xuan is repaiied the sized data of processing.R is deducted flange height value h and i.e. can get nominal rolling circle wheel footpath value i.e. a point Wheel footpath r.Certainty of measurement according to the rolling circle diameter obtained by the method is flange height certainty of measurement superposition wheel rim top Circle diameter value precision, i.e. 0.2+0.01=0.21 ≈ 0.2mm.The certainty of measurement that this technology is reached is higher than existing train Physical dimension is measured technology and typically safeguards the precision measuring technology with wheel footpath by online wheel, and simple in construction is easy for installation.
Fig. 9 provides a kind of Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measurement system based on data fusion, including: discrete point Collect acquisition module 201, contour curve fitting module 202, contour curve chooses module 203 and radius solves module 204, its In,
Discrete point set acquisition module 201, for obtaining the discrete point set of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Contour curve fitting module 202, for fitting to integrity profile curve respectively by described discrete point set；
Contour curve chooses module 203, for selecting the integrity profile curve of flange height value minimum；
Radius solves module 204, is used for solving and obtains tread radius.
Further, contour curve is chosen module 202 and is included coordinate acquiring unit, coordinate integrated unit, wherein,
Coordinate acquiring unit, for obtaining the coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Coordinate integrated unit, is fused into discrete point set by described coordinate.
Further, coordinate acquiring unit includes two laser displacement sensors and coordinate transformation unit,
Laser displacement sensor, is separately positioned on the inner side and outer side of described Train Wheel, and described laser displacement sensor divides Tong Bu not obtain the own coordinate system coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Coordinate transformation unit, becomes middle coordinate system coordinate by described own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion.
Further, coordinate transformation unit includes,
Measurement model subelement, is tied to the transformational relation of middle coordinate system for setting up own coordinate；
Conversion subelement, for being middle coordinate system coordinate according to described transformational relation by own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion.
Further, contour curve fitting module 202 includes:
Subsection curve drafting unit, for fitting to sectional curve by discrete point sectional；
Contour curve fitting unit, for becoming integrity profile curve by described subsection curve drafting.
The survey that the Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measurement system based on data fusion that the present invention provides can reach Accuracy of measurement is taken turns physical dimension measurement technology and the precision of general maintenance wheel footpath measurement technology online higher than existing train, and And simple in construction is easy for installation.
Finally it is noted that these are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the present invention, although Being described in detail the present invention with reference to embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be to aforementioned Technical scheme described in each embodiment is modified, or wherein portion of techniques feature carries out equivalent, but all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in the protection of the present invention Within the scope of.

Claims (10)

1. a Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion, it is characterised in that: include following step Rapid:
(1) discrete point set of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section is obtained；
(2) described discrete point set is fitted to integrity profile curve respectively；
(3) the integrity profile curve that flange height value is minimum is selected；
(4) solve and obtain tread radius.
Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion the most according to claim 1, its feature Being, the discrete point set of the tread wheel rim of described acquisition Train Wheel different cross section includes:
(11) coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section is obtained；
(12) described coordinate is fused into discrete point set.
Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion the most according to claim 2, its feature It is,
The coordinate of the tread wheel rim of described acquisition Train Wheel different cross section includes:
It is respectively provided with laser displacement sensor near the tread of Train Wheel and the position of wheel rim in orbit, enters from Train Wheel and swash Optical displacement sensor effective range is stopped to leaving laser displacement sensor effective range, two laser displacement sensors Synchronize to obtain the own coordinate system coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section respectively；
Described own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion is become middle coordinate system coordinate.
Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion the most according to claim 3, its feature It is, described becomes middle coordinate system coordinate to include described own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion:
Set up own coordinate and be tied to the transformational relation of middle coordinate system；
It is middle coordinate system coordinate according to described transformational relation by own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion.
Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion the most according to claim 1, its feature It is, described described discrete point set is fitted to integrity profile curve respectively include:
Discrete point sectional is fitted to sectional curve；
Described subsection curve drafting is become integrity profile curve.
6. a Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measurement system based on data fusion, it is characterised in that including: discrete point Collect acquisition module, contour curve fitting module, contour curve chooses module and radius solves module, wherein,
Discrete point set acquisition module, for obtaining the discrete point set of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Contour curve fitting module, for fitting to integrity profile curve respectively by described discrete point set；
Contour curve chooses module, for selecting the integrity profile curve of flange height value minimum；
Radius solves module, is used for solving and obtains tread radius.
Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measurement system based on data fusion the most according to claim 6, its feature Being, described contour curve is chosen module and is included coordinate acquiring unit, coordinate integrated unit, wherein,
Coordinate acquiring unit, for obtaining the coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Coordinate integrated unit, is fused into discrete point set by described coordinate.
Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measurement system based on data fusion the most according to claim 7, its feature It is,
Described coordinate acquiring unit includes two laser displacement sensors and coordinate transformation unit,
Laser displacement sensor, is separately positioned on the inner side and outer side of described Train Wheel, and described laser displacement sensor is same respectively Step obtains the own coordinate system coordinate of the tread wheel rim of Train Wheel different cross section；
Coordinate transformation unit, becomes middle coordinate system coordinate by described own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion.
Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measurement system based on data fusion the most according to claim 8, its feature Being, described coordinate transformation unit includes,
Measurement model subelement, is tied to the transformational relation of middle coordinate system for setting up own coordinate；
Conversion subelement, for being middle coordinate system coordinate according to described transformational relation by own coordinate system Coordinate Conversion.
Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measurement system based on data fusion the most according to claim 6, its feature Being, described contour curve fitting module includes:
Subsection curve drafting unit, for fitting to sectional curve by discrete point sectional；
Contour curve fitting unit, for becoming integrity profile curve by described subsection curve drafting.
CN201610596342.3A 2016-07-26 2016-07-26 Railway wheelset diameter on-line automaticization measuring method based on data fusion and system Pending CN106184285A (en)

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