CN106178941B - Cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material and application thereof - Google Patents
Cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material and application thereof, which are prepared by the following steps: dissolving cadmium chloride pentahydrate in deionized water, dropwise adding thioglycollic acid according to the molar ratio of the cadmium chloride pentahydrate to the thioglycollic acid of 1: 0.2-5, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline by using a NaOH solution, adding a sodium hydrogen telluride solution, and heating and refluxing for 1-24 hours to obtain a cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm; dissolving titanium isopropoxide in ethanol according to the volume ratio of the titanium isopropoxide to the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution being 1: 2-15, dropwise adding the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution, stirring for 30 minutes, and heating in a water bath for 48 hours to obtain the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material. The invention can greatly improve the photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of visible light, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight, expanding the application range of titanium dioxide and being very suitable for purifying indoor formaldehyde.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of formaldehyde purification, in particular to a cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material and application thereof.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, various modern furniture and a large amount of novel decorative materials are continuously flushed into the room, and the decorative materials and the furniture can continuously release formaldehyde within a period of several years, which causes great harm to human health.
At present, the methods for purifying formaldehyde mainly comprise an adsorption method, a chemical removal method and a photocatalytic degradation method. Compared with an adsorption method and a chemical removal method, the photocatalytic degradation method has the characteristics of long efficacy duration, no secondary pollution, no harm to the environment and human bodies and the like, so that the method for purifying formaldehyde by adopting the photocatalytic degradation method is more and more concerned by people.
In the field of formaldehyde purification, titanium dioxide is the most used photocatalyst in the photocatalytic degradation method, but the forbidden band width of pure titanium dioxide is large, the photocatalytic activity can be shown only under the excitation of ultraviolet light, and the indoor ultraviolet light is less, so that the utilization rate of the pure titanium dioxide to sunlight is low, and the pure titanium dioxide is not suitable for directly purifying indoor formaldehyde. In order to utilize visible light more effectively, a method of doping a semiconductor material into titanium dioxide has been proposed, but the prior art composite material of titanium dioxide and a semiconductor has a low solar light utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material and the application thereof, which can greatly improve the photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of visible light, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight, expanding the application range of titanium dioxide and being very suitable for purifying indoor formaldehyde.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material is prepared by the following steps:
step A, under the nitrogen protection environment, dissolving cadmium chloride pentahydrate into deionized water according to the proportion that 300mL of deionized water is used for every 0.35g of cadmium chloride pentahydrate, then dropwise adding thioglycolic acid according to the molar ratio of 1: 0.2-5 of the cadmium chloride pentahydrate to the thioglycolic acid, adjusting the pH value of the mixed liquid to be alkaline by using a NaOH solution, then adding a sodium hydrogen telluride solution according to the molar ratio of 1: 0.1-1 of the cadmium chloride pentahydrate to the sodium hydrogen telluride, and heating and refluxing for 1-24 hours to prepare a cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm;
and step B, dissolving titanium isopropoxide in ethanol according to the volume ratio of the titanium isopropoxide to the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution of 1: 2-15, dropwise adding the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm prepared in the step A, stirring for 30 minutes, and carrying out water bath heating treatment for 48 hours, thereby obtaining the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material.
Preferably, the sodium hydrogen telluride solution is prepared by the following steps: mixing sodium borohydride, deionized water and tellurium powder according to the proportion that 2mL of deionized water and 0.6g of tellurium powder are used for every 1.2g of sodium borohydride, and heating in a water bath at the water bath temperature of 80 ℃ until the mixed solution becomes colorless and transparent, thereby preparing the sodium hydrogen telluride solution.
Preferably, after the temperature is kept at 180 ℃ for 48 hours, the solid precipitate is cooled to room temperature, and then is washed and dried, so that the clean and dry cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material is obtained.
The cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material in the technical scheme is used for purifying formaldehyde in a room.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material provided by the invention can be used for preparing a cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm by controlling the proportion relation of cadmium chloride pentahydrate, thioglycolic acid and sodium hydrogen telluride solution and the heating reflux time; then, synthesizing the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm and titanium isopropoxide by adopting a water bath heating method, so that the cadmium telluride quantum dot with very small particle size and narrow forbidden band semiconductor characteristic can be doped in titanium dioxide; the cadmium telluride quantum dots can generate a large amount of photo-generated electrons which can be transferred to the titanium dioxide under the irradiation of visible light, so that the photo-catalytic activity of the titanium dioxide under the irradiation of the visible light can be greatly improved, the utilization rate of sunlight is improved, the application range of the titanium dioxide is expanded, and the cadmium telluride quantum dots are very suitable for purifying indoor formaldehyde.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a comparison graph of the purification effect of pure titanium dioxide and the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the present invention on indoor formaldehyde under a fluorescent lamp, wherein the volume ratio of the titanium isopropoxide to the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution is 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, and 1: 15.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material provided by the invention is described in detail below.
A cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material is prepared by the following steps:
step A, under the nitrogen protection environment, dissolving cadmium chloride pentahydrate into deionized water according to the proportion that 300mL of deionized water is used for every 0.35g of cadmium chloride pentahydrate, then dropwise adding thioglycolic acid according to the molar ratio of 1: 0.2-5 of the cadmium chloride pentahydrate to the thioglycolic acid, adjusting the pH value of the mixed liquid to be alkaline by using 1mol/L NaOH solution, then adding sodium hydrogen telluride solution according to the molar ratio of 1: 0.1-1 of the cadmium chloride pentahydrate to the sodium hydrogen telluride, and heating and refluxing for 1-24 hours, so that the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm is prepared. According to the invention, the particle size of the prepared cadmium telluride quantum dot solution can be changed within 1-20 nm by regulating and controlling the proportional relation among the cadmium chloride pentahydrate, the thioglycolic acid and the sodium hydrogen telluride solution and the heating reflux time.
And step B, dissolving titanium isopropoxide in ethanol according to the volume ratio of the titanium isopropoxide to the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution being 1: 2-15, dropwise adding the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size being 1-20 nm prepared in the step A, stirring for 30 minutes, and heating in water bath for 48 hours to obtain the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material.
Specifically, the above steps may include the following specific embodiments:
(1) the sodium hydrogen telluride solution can be prepared by the following steps: mixing sodium borohydride, deionized water and tellurium powder according to the proportion that 2mL of deionized water and 0.6g of tellurium powder are used for every 1.2g of sodium borohydride, and heating in a water bath at the water bath temperature of 80 ℃ until the mixed solution becomes colorless and transparent, thereby preparing the sodium hydrogen telluride solution.
(2) After the temperature is kept at 180 ℃ for 48 hours, the solid precipitate is cooled to room temperature, and then the obtained solid precipitate is washed (preferably, the solid precipitate is washed by water and then washed by ethanol) and dried (preferably, the solid precipitate is dried at 80 ℃), so that the clean and dry cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material is obtained.
Furthermore, compared with the method that pure titanium dioxide is used as a photocatalyst, the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material provided by the invention can be used for preparing a cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm by controlling the proportion relation among cadmium chloride pentahydrate, thioglycolic acid and sodium hydrogen telluride solution and the heating reflux time; then, synthesizing the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm and titanium isopropoxide by adopting a water bath heating method, so that the cadmium telluride quantum dot with very small particle size and narrow forbidden band semiconductor characteristic can be doped in titanium dioxide; the cadmium telluride quantum dots can generate a large amount of photo-generated electrons which can be transferred to the titanium dioxide under the irradiation of visible light such as a fluorescent lamp, so that the photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide under the irradiation of the visible light can be greatly improved. A large number of holes and photo-generated electrons appear on the surface of titanium dioxide under the action of photocatalytic activity, water vapor and oxygen in the air adsorbed on the surface of titanium dioxide can be oxidized and reduced into hydroxyl radicals and oxygen anions by the holes and the photo-generated electrons, and the hydroxyl radicals and the oxygen anions provide high-activity oxidants for the oxidation of formaldehyde, so that organic molecules such as formaldehyde in the air can be degraded into CO2、H2And inorganic small molecular substances such as O and the like, so that formaldehyde in the air can be purified. Therefore, the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material provided by the invention can greatly improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide under the irradiation of visible light, thereby improving the utilization of sunlightThe application range of the titanium dioxide is expanded, and the method is very suitable for purifying indoor formaldehyde.
In order to more clearly show the technical scheme and the technical effects provided by the present invention, the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material and the application thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail with specific examples below.
Example 1
A cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material is prepared by the following steps:
and step A, purging a 50mL conical flask for 10 minutes by using nitrogen, then weighing 1.2g of sodium borohydride, putting the sodium borohydride into the conical flask, adding 2mL of deionized water and 0.6g of tellurium powder, and heating in a water bath at the water bath temperature of 80 ℃ until the mixed solution becomes colorless and transparent, thus obtaining the sodium hydrogen telluride solution.
And step B, under the nitrogen protection environment, dissolving 0.35g of cadmium chloride pentahydrate in 300mL of deionized water, dropwise adding thioglycolic acid according to the molar ratio of the cadmium chloride pentahydrate to the thioglycolic acid of 1: 0.2-5, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to be alkaline by using 1mol/L NaOH solution, rapidly adding the sodium hydrogen telluride solution prepared in the step A according to the molar ratio of the cadmium chloride pentahydrate to the sodium hydrogen telluride of 1: 0.1-1, and heating and refluxing for 2 hours to prepare the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 5 nm.
Step C, dissolving 5mL of titanium isopropoxide in 20mL of ethanol, dropwise adding 55mL of the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution prepared in the step B (namely the volume ratio of the titanium isopropoxide to the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution is 1:11), stirring for 30 minutes, and transferring to a 100mL reaction kettle to heat in water bath at 180 ℃ for 48 hours; and after the reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, washing the obtained solid precipitate with water and ethanol, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain the clean and dry cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material.
Example 2
Cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite materials with the volume ratios of titanium isopropoxide to cadmium telluride quantum dot solutions of 1:2, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15 are prepared according to the preparation steps in embodiment 1 of the invention, wherein the volume ratios of titanium isopropoxide to cadmium telluride quantum dot solutions are 1:2, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15 respectively.
According to a formaldehyde purification performance detection method described in "indoor air purification function coating material purification performance" (JC/T1074-2008), a cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material which is prepared by using simple titanium dioxide and cadmium telluride quantum dot solutions prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention with volume ratios of 1:2, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15 respectively is used as a photocatalyst to carry out formaldehyde purification effect detection, so that comparative graphs of the purification effects of the photocatalysts on indoor formaldehyde under a fluorescent lamp are obtained, wherein the comparative graphs are shown in figure 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the curve control HCHO shows the change curve of formaldehyde content in the room without using the photocatalyst (i.e., the reference control curve), and the curve TiO shows the change curve2Shows the indoor formaldehyde content change curve purified by using pure titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst, the curve 1:15 shows the indoor formaldehyde content change curve purified by using a cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material as the photocatalyst, the volume ratio of the titanium isopropoxide prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention to the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution is 1:15, the curve 1:10 shows the indoor formaldehyde content change curve purified by using the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material as the photocatalyst, the volume ratio of the titanium isopropoxide prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention to the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution is 1:10, the curve 1:5 shows the indoor formaldehyde content change curve purified by using the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material as the photocatalyst, the volume ratio of the titanium isopropoxide prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention to the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution is 1:5, the curve 1:2 shows the change curve of the indoor formaldehyde content purified by using the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention, wherein the volume ratio of the titanium isopropoxide to the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution is 1:2, as the photocatalyst. As can be seen from fig. 1: the degradation efficiency of pure titanium dioxide to formaldehyde is low, the degradation efficiency of titanium dioxide doped with cadmium telluride quantum dots with the particle size of 1-20 nm is greatly improved, and particularly, the degradation efficiency of indoor formaldehyde is optimal for the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material with the volume ratio of titanium isopropoxide to cadmium telluride quantum dot solution being 1: 5.
In conclusion, the embodiment of the invention can greatly improve the photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of visible light, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight, expanding the application range of titanium dioxide and being very suitable for purifying indoor formaldehyde.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
step A, under the nitrogen protection environment, dissolving cadmium chloride pentahydrate into deionized water according to the proportion that 300mL of deionized water is used for every 0.35g of cadmium chloride pentahydrate, then dropwise adding thioglycolic acid according to the molar ratio of the cadmium chloride pentahydrate to the thioglycolic acid =1: 0.2-5, adjusting the pH value of the mixed liquid to be alkaline by using a NaOH solution, then adding a sodium hydrogen telluride solution according to the molar ratio of the cadmium chloride pentahydrate to the sodium hydrogen telluride =1: 0.1-1, and heating and refluxing for 1-24 hours, so that a cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm is prepared;
b, dissolving titanium isopropoxide in ethanol according to the volume ratio of titanium isopropoxide to cadmium telluride quantum dot solution =1: 2-15, dropwise adding the cadmium telluride quantum dot solution with the quantum dot particle size of 1-20 nm prepared in the step A, stirring for 30 minutes, and carrying out water bath heating treatment for 48 hours at 180 ℃ to obtain the cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material;
the sodium hydrogen telluride solution is prepared by the following steps:
mixing sodium borohydride, deionized water and tellurium powder according to the proportion that 2mL of deionized water and 0.6g of tellurium powder are used for every 1.2g of sodium borohydride, and heating in a water bath at the water bath temperature of 80 ℃ until the mixed solution becomes colorless and transparent, thereby preparing the sodium hydrogen telluride solution.
2. A cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite as set forth in claim 1 wherein after said 48 hours water bath heating treatment at 180 ℃, the solid precipitate obtained is first cooled to room temperature and then washed and dried to obtain a clean and dry cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite.
3. A cadmium telluride quantum dot/titanium dioxide composite material as set forth in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 2 for purifying formaldehyde in a room.
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