CN106171707B - Early warning method for high-temperature heat damage of rice - Google Patents
Early warning method for high-temperature heat damage of rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a rice high-temperature heat damage early warning method, which comprises the following steps: a) identifying the high temperature resistance of the rice variety; b) respectively establishing a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glumes and the temperature and a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glumes and the days at high temperature; c) collecting temperature data of a planting field day by day, wherein the temperature data comprises a highest temperature, a lowest temperature and an average temperature; d) collecting the data of rice seeding, transplanting and heading stages in different seasons and different planting modes of a planting field; e) simulating the influence of the high-temperature heat damage on the maturing rate of the rice according to the data obtained in the step c) and the data obtained in the step d) and the relation curve obtained in the step b), and performing early warning on the high-temperature heat damage of the rice according to the obtained simulation result. The method provided by the invention can predict the temperature condition of the rice during flowering and the influence of high temperature on rice seed setting, and provides a decision for disaster resistance of rice production and theoretical support for countermeasure measures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a rice high-temperature heat damage early warning method.
Background
The rice is used as the main grain crop in China, and has wide distribution area, various planting systems and rich variety types. The climate during the growth period of rice is complex, the ear-picking and flowering period of the middle-season rice in south China is the season with the highest temperature in one year, and the maturing rate is reduced when the flowering period meets the season with high temperature. Global warming causes high temperature to cause fructification reduction during blossoming and fructification periods of main rice in China, natural disasters frequently occur in main rice areas, and the occurrence frequency is increased from below 20% in the past to 30% -40% in recent years.
In order to adapt to the change of a rice planting system, along with the progress of a breeding technology, in recent decades, more than 300 dominant varieties are increased to about 800 varieties, the varieties of rice are more, the replacement is fast, the high and low temperature resistance characteristics of the varieties are lack of research, the phenomenon that the maturing rate is reduced due to the fact that large areas of rice are affected by high and low temperatures is often generated in production, and the rice yield in China is not stable. 100-150 hundred million kilograms of paddy is lost due to high-temperature thermal damage, and the rice spike and flowering season in the Yangtze river basin rice area in 2003 is high in temperature, so that the maturing rate of mid-season rice in tens of millions of hectares is reduced, the maturing rate of serious field blocks is only 30%, and the average yield per unit of the national rice is reduced by 2.1% compared with that in 2002. The rice in the southwest rice area is affected by high temperature every year to cause the fructification rate to be reduced. The early warning method for the influence of high temperature on the growth and the yield of the rice is established, so that technical support can be provided for timely taking supplement and demand measures during the extremely high temperature period, and a basis is provided for variety selection, sowing period determination and implementation of cultivation technical measures, so that the cultivation technology for the influence of high and low temperature on the growth and the yield of the rice is relieved, and the influence of the high and low temperature on the growth and the yield of the rice is reduced.
The existing research related to the high temperature of rice in the flowering phase mainly provides a high temperature resistant variety, a silicon-calcium fertilizer, a fertilizer-water interaction, the spraying of methyl jasmonate, monopotassium phosphate, nona-di-0 and the like to relieve the high temperature by researching a high temperature influence mechanism, but due to the sporadic nature of the high temperature, a plurality of measures are difficult to give full play; some researches also analyze the change characteristics of the frequency, duration and intensity of high-temperature events in different growth periods of rice in the past and in the future, and have certain inspiration on high-temperature early warning, but because the concerned high-temperature events mainly concern weather conditions, the combination with rice varieties is not very tight, and a certain gap exists between the high-temperature events and actual production application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for early warning of high temperature heat damage of rice, which can predict the temperature condition of rice during flowering and the influence of high temperature on rice seed setting, and provide a decision for disaster resistance in rice production and a theoretical support for countermeasure measures.
The invention provides a rice high-temperature heat damage early warning method, which comprises the following steps:
a) identifying the high-temperature resistance characteristic of the rice variety to obtain a high-temperature resistant variety, an intermediate variety or a sensitive variety;
b) respectively establishing a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the high-temperature resistant variety and the temperature, a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high-temperature days, a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the intermediate variety and the temperature, a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high-temperature days, a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the sensitive variety and the temperature and a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high-;
c) collecting temperature data of a planting field day by day, wherein the temperature data comprises a highest temperature, a lowest temperature and an average temperature;
d) collecting the data of rice seeding, transplanting and heading stages in different seasons and different planting modes of a planting field;
e) simulating the influence of the high-temperature heat damage on the maturing rate of the rice according to the data obtained in the step c) and the data obtained in the step d) and the relation curve obtained in the step b), and performing early warning on the high-temperature heat damage of the rice according to the obtained simulation result.
Preferably, in the step e), the early warning of the high-temperature heat damage of the rice comprises: rice pre-sowing decision making, disaster damage assessment and high-temperature prevention and control measures.
The invention mainly aims at the high temperature frequent in the rice flowering period of China, which causes the rice maturing rate, the yield to be reduced and the quality to be poor, different high temperature resistant rice varieties are screened through an artificial climate box, the climate conditions of nearly 30 years are analyzed, and the maturing rates of different high temperature resistant varieties with different high temperature duration and different high temperature degrees are predicted by combining the growth period of the rice varieties, so that the high temperature resistant performance of the rice is relieved, the application of a pyrolysis technology is facilitated, the maturing rate of the rice is improved, and the rice yield is stabilized. The method provided by the invention can predict the temperature condition of the rice during flowering and the influence of high temperature on rice seed setting, and provides a decision for disaster resistance of rice production and theoretical support for countermeasure measures.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a rice high-temperature heat damage early warning method, which comprises the following steps:
a) identifying the high-temperature resistance characteristic of the rice variety to obtain a high-temperature resistant variety, an intermediate variety or a sensitive variety;
b) respectively establishing a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the high-temperature resistant variety and the temperature, a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high-temperature days, a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the intermediate variety and the temperature, a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high-temperature days, a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the sensitive variety and the temperature and a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high-;
c) collecting temperature data of a planting field day by day, wherein the temperature data comprises a highest temperature, a lowest temperature and an average temperature;
d) collecting the data of rice seeding, transplanting and heading stages in different seasons and different planting modes of a planting field;
e) simulating the influence of the high-temperature heat damage on the maturing rate of the rice according to the data obtained in the step c) and the data obtained in the step d) and the relation curve obtained in the step b), and performing early warning on the high-temperature heat damage of the rice according to the obtained simulation result.
The method adopts a method of forecasting different high-temperature resistant varieties, climate forecasting, growth period and maturing rate change, so that technical support can be provided for timely taking supplement measures during the high-temperature period of the rice, and bases are provided for variety selection, sowing period determination and cultivation technical measure implementation. The method provided by the invention provides a technology for preventing and controlling the high-temperature heat damage of the rice, and the area, the variety type and the sowing period of the heat damage of the rice can be known by adopting meteorological data of the past year before the rice is sown. According to the early warning result of the method, high temperature resistant varieties can be selected, the sowing time and the planting system are adjusted, and high temperature seasons are avoided. When the rice is in the growing period, the method can provide the technical measures of high-temperature resistance and disaster reduction as soon as possible, and reduce the yield loss caused by high temperature. Meanwhile, the method also provides an assessment method of disaster yield loss for agricultural insurance.
The method comprises the steps of firstly identifying the high temperature resistance of rice varieties, and classifying the rice varieties into high temperature resistant varieties, intermediate varieties or sensitive varieties according to identification results, wherein the high temperature resistant varieties can also be classified into strong high temperature resistant varieties and high temperature resistant varieties, and the sensitive varieties can also be classified into non-high temperature resistant varieties and non-high temperature resistant varieties. The invention adopts a phytotron to screen rice varieties, and the specific steps are as follows: collecting rice varieties applied in large areas in production, setting a high temperature of 38 ℃ through a climatic chamber, taking 32 ℃ as a comparison temperature, adopting spikes subjected to high-temperature treatment for 3 days in a flowering period and high-temperature treatment in a branded flowering period, taking the high-temperature setting percentage and the comparison setting percentage as relative setting percentages as screening index parameters, and determining the high-temperature resistance characteristics of the rice varieties according to the index parameters, wherein the reference is shown in table 1.
Wherein, the high temperature relative setting rate (HRFR) is the high temperature setting rate/Contrast (CKT) setting rate multiplied by 100 percent
TABLE 1 high temperature resistant Classification and characterization of Rice varieties
After different high temperature resistant characteristics of rice varieties are obtained, a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the different varieties and the temperature and a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high temperature days are respectively established, namely a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the high temperature resistant varieties and the temperature and a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high temperature days, a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the intermediate varieties and the temperature and a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high temperature days, and a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the sensitive varieties and the high temperature days are. One typical curve is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a graph of the rice glume maturing rate versus temperature, and fig. 2 is a graph of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume maturing rate versus days at high temperature. The curve is obtained by processing data of a 2-year artificial climate box high-temperature simulation test.
The method provided by the invention also needs to collect temperature data of the planting field day by day, wherein the temperature data comprises the highest temperature, the lowest temperature and the average temperature. The temperature data also comprises dynamic data, wherein the dynamic data refers to the temperature of the rice in the flowering period of 20 years, and provides reference for setting of the contrast temperature. The method provided by the invention also needs to collect the rice sowing, transplanting and heading date data (date) of different planting modes (hand transplanting, machine transplanting and the like) in different seasons (such as early rice, middle and late rice and the like) of the planting field. And then simulating the influence of the high-temperature heat damage on the maturing rate of the rice according to the obtained data and the established relation curve, and performing early warning on the high-temperature heat damage of the rice according to the obtained simulation result. The simulation result specifically comprises the change condition of the setting percentage along with the temperature change; along with the prolonging of high temperature time, the fructification rate has a trend.
In the invention, the early warning of high-temperature heat damage of rice specifically comprises the following steps: rice pre-sowing decision making, disaster damage assessment and high-temperature prevention and control measures.
The decision of high-temperature prevention and control before rice sowing is as follows: according to the influence degree of the simulated high temperature on the maturing rate of the rice, a decision before high-temperature sowing is provided, including variety ecological suitability, excellent comprehensive agronomic characters and high-temperature resistant variety selection, and the sowing period is adjusted to avoid adjustment of high-temperature seasons and planting systems of planted crops.
The prediction of the high-temperature heat damage in the rice growth period is as follows: according to the influence degree of the simulated high temperature on the maturing rate of the rice, measures such as adopting water layer irrigation and spraying fertilizers and agents for relieving high-temperature heat damage in the growth period of the rice are provided.
The yield loss evaluation of the rice high-temperature heat damage specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) evaluating the yield loss according to the influence degree of the simulated high temperature on the maturing rate of the rice and by combining the planting area of the heat-resistant variety of the rice and the time of the rice in the flowering period and the high temperature meeting.
According to the high temperature resistance characteristic of the rice variety in the flowering and maturing period, the variety is divided into three types, namely a high temperature resistance type, an intermediate type and a sensitive type, a relation model of the temperature and the maturing rate of different types of varieties is established, and the model is adopted, and the influence degree of the high temperature on the maturing rate of the rice is simulated by utilizing long-term meteorological temperature data, current year temperature dynamic data and the growth period of the rice. And (4) according to the influence degree of the simulated high temperature on the maturing rate of the rice, providing decision before high-temperature sowing, high-temperature heat damage forecast and yield loss evaluation.
The invention mainly aims at the problems that the maturing rate, the yield and the quality of rice are reduced due to frequent high temperature in the flowering period of rice in China, adopts an artificial climate box to screen rice varieties with different high temperature resistances, analyzes the climate conditions for nearly 30 years, and predicts the maturing rates of different high temperature resistant varieties with different high temperature durations and different high temperature degrees by combining the growth period of the rice varieties, thereby relieving the high temperature resistance of the rice, facilitating the application of a pyrolysis technology, improving the maturing rate of the rice and stabilizing the yield of the rice. The method provided by the invention can predict the temperature condition of the rice during flowering and the influence of high temperature on rice seed setting, and provides a decision for disaster resistance of rice production and theoretical support for countermeasure measures.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A rice high-temperature heat damage early warning method comprises the following steps:
a) identifying the high-temperature resistance characteristic of the rice variety to obtain a high-temperature resistant variety, an intermediate variety or a sensitive variety;
b) respectively establishing a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the high-temperature resistant variety and the temperature, a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high-temperature days, a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the intermediate variety and the temperature, a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high-temperature days, a relation curve of the maturing rate of the rice glume flowers of the sensitive variety and the temperature and a relation curve of the relative maturing rate of the rice glume flowers and the high-;
c) collecting temperature data of a planting field day by day, wherein the temperature data comprises a highest temperature, a lowest temperature and an average temperature;
d) collecting the data of rice seeding, transplanting and heading stages in different seasons and different planting modes of a planting field;
e) simulating the influence of the high-temperature heat damage on the maturing rate of the rice according to the data obtained in the step c) and the data obtained in the step d) and the relation curve obtained in the step b), and performing early warning on the high-temperature heat damage of the rice according to the obtained simulation result;
the step a) of identifying the high temperature resistance characteristics of the rice variety and obtaining the high temperature resistant variety, the intermediate variety or the sensitive variety comprises the following specific steps:
collecting rice varieties applied in large areas in production, setting a high temperature of 38 ℃ through a climatic chamber, taking 32 ℃ as a comparison temperature, adopting spikes subjected to high-temperature treatment for 3 days in a flowering period and high-temperature treatment in a branded flowering period, taking a high-temperature setting percentage and a comparison setting percentage as relative setting percentages as screening index parameters, and determining the high-temperature resistance characteristic of the rice varieties according to the index parameters;
wherein: high temperature relative setting percentage (HRFR) high temperature setting percentage/Control (CKT) setting percentage × 100%;
the screening index parameters are as follows: strong high temperature resistance: HRFR is more than or equal to 95 percent
High temperature resistant: HRFR is more than or equal to 75 percent and less than 95 percent
Intermediate type: HRFR is more than or equal to 55 percent and less than 75 percent
Non-high temperature resistant type: HRFR is more than or equal to 35 percent and less than 55 percent
Extremely non-high temperature resistant: 35% < HRFR;
in the step e), the early warning of the high-temperature heat damage of the rice comprises the following steps: rice pre-sowing decision making, disaster damage assessment and high-temperature prevention and control measures;
the decision before rice sowing is specifically as follows: according to the influence degree of the simulated high temperature on the maturing rate of the rice, a decision before high-temperature sowing is provided, wherein the decision comprises the selection of varieties with appropriate ecological varieties, excellent comprehensive agronomic characters and high-temperature resistant varieties, and the adjustment of the sowing period avoids the adjustment of high-temperature seasons and the planting system of planted crops;
the high-temperature prevention and control measures are specifically as follows: according to the influence degree of the simulated high temperature on the maturing rate of the rice, providing a fertilizer and a medicament which adopt water layer irrigation and spray to relieve the high temperature heat damage during the growth period of the rice;
the disaster damage assessment specifically comprises: and (3) evaluating the yield loss according to the influence degree of the simulated high temperature on the maturing rate of the rice and by combining the planting area of the heat-resistant variety of the rice and the time of the rice in the flowering period and the high temperature meeting.
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