CN106168560B - Device for testing creep rate of dissimilar material under high-pressure kettle environment - Google Patents
Device for testing creep rate of dissimilar material under high-pressure kettle environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN106168560B CN106168560B CN201610831786.0A CN201610831786A CN106168560B CN 106168560 B CN106168560 B CN 106168560B CN 201610831786 A CN201610831786 A CN 201610831786A CN 106168560 B CN106168560 B CN 106168560B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for testing the creep rate of a dissimilar material in an autoclave environment, which comprises an environment maintaining part and a sample clamping part, wherein the environment maintaining part comprises an autoclave and a base, the sample clamping part comprises a sample clamp, an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, the sample clamp comprises two upper plate-shaped clamps and two lower plate-shaped clamps, a T-shaped connecting piece is connected between the two upper plate-shaped clamps and between the two lower plate-shaped clamps through a connecting shaft, the T-shaped connecting piece positioned below is fixed with the lower plate-shaped clamps, a cover plate is arranged above the upper plate-shaped clamps, two ends of the upper connecting rod are respectively connected with the cover plate and the T-shaped connecting piece above, the upper end of the lower connecting rod is connected with the T-shaped connecting piece below, the lower end of the lower connecting rod penetrates through a through hole arranged on the base, and the cover plate is connected with the base through a supporting rod. The invention realizes the simultaneous loading of a plurality of samples on the same loading machine under the same load and the simultaneous test of the high-temperature creep deformation of dissimilar materials under the same environment, thereby improving the test efficiency and the analysis precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device, in particular to a creep rate test device for dissimilar materials in an autoclave environment.
Background
The phenomenon of increasing strain with time in a solid material under constant stress is called creep. The failure of the bearing component under most high-temperature and high-pressure (the high-temperature refers to the temperature of 300-400 ℃, and the high-pressure refers to the pressure of 15-25 MPa) environments is caused by high-temperature creep caused by the action of high temperature and high pressure. Meanwhile, the structures, chemical compositions and thermophysical properties of different metal materials are greatly different, so that the creep rates of the metal materials are different.
In engineering applications, a large number of metal components are serviced under conditions of high temperature, high pressure, highly corrosive media, which would have catastrophic consequences and cause significant economic losses in the event of accidental destruction of these load-bearing components. For example, the welding structure has a creep phenomenon of materials at the crack tip of the welding joint due to welding defects generated in the manufacturing process and non-uniformity of mechanical properties caused by different welding materials, so that the crack grows and expands, and finally, the welding structure can be damaged, and huge loss is caused for safe production. Therefore, it is important to study the high temperature creep rate of materials with complex structures.
At present, a uniaxial creep tensile test device is often adopted to study the creep property of a metal material. After analysis, the conventional creep test device has the following disadvantages:
(1) In order to ensure the accuracy of the test result, the creep test under high temperature and high pressure usually needs longer time, and the traditional creep test device can only load one sample at a time, so that the efficiency is extremely low.
(2) When high-temperature creep analysis is performed on a complex structure composed of multiple materials, the conventional creep test device cannot guarantee that high-temperature creep test of dissimilar materials is performed simultaneously under the same environment, so that the creep rate precision of a sample for analyzing the complex structure is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a device for testing the creep rate of a dissimilar material in an autoclave environment, which can realize simultaneous loading of a plurality of samples on the same loading machine under the condition of ensuring the precision and improve the testing efficiency; when the high-temperature creep analysis is performed on the complex structure sample composed of multiple materials, the high-temperature creep test of different materials is performed at the same time under the same environment, and the analysis precision of the complex structure sample is improved.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a dissimilar material creep rate test device under the autoclave environment is characterized in that: the test device comprises an environment maintaining part and a sample clamping part, wherein the environment maintaining part comprises an autoclave and a base arranged at the bottom of the autoclave, the autoclave and the base are sealed and fixed, an environment cavity is formed inside the autoclave and the base, a first water inlet hole and a first water outlet hole are formed in the top of the autoclave, the sample clamping part comprises a sample clamp, an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, the sample clamp and the upper connecting rod are arranged in the environment cavity, the sample clamp comprises two upper plate-shaped clamps and two lower plate-shaped clamps, the upper plate-shaped clamps are arranged opposite to the corresponding lower plate-shaped clamps, a sample is connected between the upper plate-shaped clamps and the lower plate-shaped clamps, T-shaped connecting pieces are connected between the two upper plate-shaped clamps and between the two lower plate-shaped clamps through connecting shafts, the T-shaped connecting pieces located below the upper plate-shaped clamps are fixed to the lower plate-shaped clamps, a cover plate is arranged above the upper end of the upper connecting rod is connected with the T-shaped connecting pieces located above the upper connecting rods, the upper end of the lower connecting rods is connected with the T-shaped connecting pieces located below the lower connecting rods, the lower ends of the lower connecting rods penetrate through holes formed in the base, and the cover plate is connected with the base through support rods.
The creep rate test device for the dissimilar materials under the high-pressure kettle environment is characterized in that: the autoclave and the base are fixedly connected through a plurality of double-end studs, the upper ends of the double-end studs are in threaded connection with the bottom of the autoclave, and the lower ends of the double-end studs penetrate through the base and then are locked with the base through sealing nuts.
The creep rate test device for the dissimilar materials under the high-pressure kettle environment is characterized in that: the environment maintaining part also comprises a heat insulation lining, the heat insulation lining is sleeved outside the high-pressure kettle, a second water inlet and a second water outlet are arranged on the heat insulation lining, the second water inlet is communicated with the first water inlet, and the second water outlet is communicated with the first water outlet.
The creep rate test device for the dissimilar materials in the autoclave environment is characterized in that: install on the base and be used for detecting the temperature sensor of environment intracavity temperature, temperature sensor is located the environment intracavity.
The creep rate test device for the dissimilar materials under the high-pressure kettle environment is characterized in that: the lower end of the upper connecting rod is in threaded connection with the T-shaped connecting piece located above the lower end of the upper connecting rod, and the upper end of the upper connecting rod penetrates through the cover plate and then is locked through a connecting rod nut.
The creep rate test device for the dissimilar materials in the autoclave environment is characterized in that: the upper end of the lower connecting rod is in threaded connection with the T-shaped connecting piece located below, and the through hole is formed in the center of the base.
The creep rate test device for the dissimilar materials under the high-pressure kettle environment is characterized in that: the quantity of bracing piece is many, the lower extreme and the base fixed connection of bracing piece, pass the apron back through bracing piece nut locking in the upper end of bracing piece.
The creep rate test device for the dissimilar materials in the autoclave environment is characterized in that: and a sealing ring is arranged between the lower connecting rod and the base.
The creep rate test device for the dissimilar materials in the autoclave environment is characterized in that: the T-shaped connecting piece positioned below and the lower plate-shaped clamp are fixed through a first pin.
The creep rate test device for the dissimilar materials in the autoclave environment is characterized in that: and the upper end and the lower end of the sample are respectively connected with the upper plate-shaped clamp and the lower plate-shaped clamp through second pins.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention has reasonable structure design, convenient use and operation and low manufacturing cost.
2. The invention realizes the loading of a plurality of samples on the same loader under the condition of ensuring the precision, and improves the creep and tension test efficiency of materials with complex structures.
3. The method can simultaneously test the creep rate of the material with the complex structure under the same environment, and has high analysis precision on the creep rate of the sample with the complex structure.
4. The design of the T-shaped connecting piece can prevent the damage of the clamp inclination to the autoclave after the test sample with the potential defect is broken, and the safety is higher.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention in an open state.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention in a closed state.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention in a closed state.
Description of reference numerals:
1-insulating lining; 1-a second water inlet hole; 1-2-a second water outlet;
2-high pressure autoclave; 2-1-a first water inlet hole; 2-2 — a first water outlet;
3-a stud; 4, covering a plate; 5, supporting a rod;
6-temperature sensor; 7-a base; 8-lower connecting rod;
9-a T-shaped connector; 10-a first pin; 11-1, an upper plate-shaped clamp;
11-2-lower plate clamp; 12 — a second pin; 13-sample;
14-support rod nut; 15-connecting rod nut; 16-an upper connecting rod;
17-a connecting shaft; 18-a sealing nut; 19-sealing ring.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention includes an environment maintaining portion and a sample clamping portion, the environment maintaining portion includes an autoclave 2 and a base 7 disposed at the bottom of the autoclave 2, the autoclave 2 and the base 7 are fixed in a sealing manner and form an environment cavity therein, a first water inlet hole 2-1 and a first water outlet hole 2-2 are disposed at the top of the autoclave 2, the sample clamping portion includes a sample clamp, an upper connecting rod 16 and a lower connecting rod 8, the sample clamp and the upper connecting rod 16 are disposed in the environment cavity, the sample clamp includes two upper plate-shaped clamps 11-1 and two lower plate-shaped clamps 11-2, the upper plate-shaped clamps are disposed opposite to the corresponding lower plate-shaped clamps and are connected with a sample 13 therebetween, a T-shaped connecting member 9 is connected between the two upper plate-shaped clamps 11-1 and between the two lower plate-shaped clamps 11-2 through a connecting shaft 17, the T-shaped connecting member located below is fixed to the lower plate-shaped clamps 11-2, a cover plate-shaped connecting member 4 is disposed above the upper plate-shaped clamp 16, a cover plate-shaped connecting member located above the upper connecting rod is connected to the T-shaped connecting rod, a support rod is connected to the base 7, and a support rod 8 is connected to the base 7, and a through-shaped connecting shaft 8.
In the creep rate test device, an autoclave 2 and a base 7 are sealed and fixed, and the establishment of a high-temperature and high-pressure water environment is realized by compacting external high-temperature water in the closed autoclave 2. The upper plate-shaped clamp 11-1 on the upper side of the test sample 13 can rotate around the connecting shaft, and the lower plate-shaped clamp 11-2 on the lower side of the test sample 13 is completely fixed, so that the lower plate-shaped clamp 11-2 is completely fixed in a test state. The reason why the upper plate-shaped jig 11-1 is designed as a floating structure and the lower plate-shaped jig 11-2 is designed as a fixed structure is that: if the upper part and the lower part are fixed simultaneously, the deformation of the samples of different materials after stretching is the same, and the creep deformation of different materials cannot be distinguished, so that the creep test of different materials cannot be carried out simultaneously; the upper part floats and the lower part is fixed, the stress of different material samples is the same through calculation, and finally the creep deformation amount can be judged according to the length of the sample after the test. The creep test time is very long (several months to one year), the traditional test device can only carry out the creep test of one material each time, the time is very long, and the creep rate test device stretches four material samples once, so the efficiency is high; however, the creep amount of different materials can be compared only by pulling under the same loading force, so that the mode of fixing the materials in an upper floating mode and a lower fixing mode is adopted.
Because the test samples are made of metal materials, the possibility of impurities in the metal materials is very high, the strength of the metal materials can be greatly reduced due to the impurities, if one of the four test samples breaks, if the T-shaped connecting piece 9 is not arranged, the situation that tensile loading is concentrated on one test sample can occur, the plate-shaped clamp inclines at a large angle, the plate-shaped clamp can collide with the inner wall of the high-pressure kettle 2 after the plate-shaped clamp inclines, the high-pressure kettle breaks (the creep experiment loading is large), and the plate-shaped clamp excessively inclines to damage the high-pressure kettle 2 after the potential defect test samples break can be avoided due to the action of the T-shaped connecting piece 9. The autoclave 2 is used for providing an environment cavity after being matched and sealed with the base 7, the first water inlet hole 2-1 and the first water outlet hole 2-2 are connected with an external water pump, and a high-temperature high-pressure water is introduced to provide a high-temperature high-pressure environment for the autoclave 2; the upper plate-shaped clamp 11-1 and the lower plate-shaped clamp 11-2 are matched to play a role in clamping a sample; the cover plate 4 plays a role in fixing and controls the degree of freedom of the upper connecting rod 16; the support bar 5 supports and fixes the cover plate 4.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the autoclave 2 and the base 7 are fixedly connected through a plurality of studs 3, the upper ends of the studs 3 are in threaded connection with the bottom of the autoclave 2, and the lower ends of the studs 3 are locked with the base 7 through seal nuts 18 after penetrating through the base 7. The double-end stud 3 is adopted, so that the processing difficulty of the high-pressure kettle 2 can be reduced, and meanwhile, the double-end stud adopts a threaded connection mode and has the advantages of reliable sealing and convenience in operation.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the environment maintaining portion further includes a heat insulating bush 1, the heat insulating bush 1 is sleeved outside the autoclave 2, the heat insulating bush 1 is provided with a second water inlet 1-1 and a second water outlet 1-2, the second water inlet 1-1 is communicated with the first water inlet 2-1, and the second water outlet 1-2 is communicated with the first water outlet 2-2. Pumping high-temperature and high-pressure water into the high-pressure kettle 2 through an external water pump so as to improve the pressure and the temperature in the high-pressure kettle 2, cooling after the experiment is finished, and reducing the pressure in the high-pressure kettle 2 to normal atmospheric pressure through a water outlet; the heat-insulating bush 1 realizes the temperature maintenance under the long-time test condition, and avoids the great influence of temperature fluctuation on the test precision.
As shown in fig. 1, a temperature sensor 6 for detecting the temperature in the environmental chamber is mounted on the base 7, the temperature sensor 6 is located in the environmental chamber, and the temperature sensor 6 detects the temperature in the high-temperature high-pressure water environment to determine whether the temperature of the environmental maintaining part meets the material creep requirement, wherein the temperature is provided by the high-temperature high-pressure water.
As shown in fig. 1, the lower end of the upper connecting rod 16 is in threaded connection with the T-shaped connecting piece located above, and the upper end of the upper connecting rod 16 passes through the cover plate 4 and is locked by a connecting rod nut 15; the threaded connection is reliable and convenient to operate, and the relative fixation of the structures of the clamping parts is ensured.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the lower connecting rod 8 is in threaded connection with the T-shaped connecting piece located below, and the through hole is arranged at the center of the base 7; the through hole in the center of the base 7 is designed to provide a space for the relative movement of the lower connecting rod 8, and the lower connecting rod 8 moves downwards under the action of an external loading machine to provide a load for the creep deformation of a sample.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the number of the support rods 5 is multiple, the lower ends of the support rods 5 are fixedly connected with the base 7, and the upper ends of the support rods 5 are locked by support rod nuts 14 after passing through the cover plate 4; the supporting rod 5 is fixed on the base 7 through threaded connection, and the supporting rod 5 is locked on the cover plate 4 through matching with a supporting rod nut 14, so that relative fixation of the structure of the clamping part is ensured.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, a packing 19 is provided between the lower tie rod 8 and the base 7 to prevent high-pressure water from leaking, thereby maintaining a high-temperature and high-pressure environment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the T-shaped connector located at the lower side is fixed to the lower plate jig 11-2 by the first pin 10.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the upper and lower ends of the sample 13 are connected to the upper plate-shaped jig 11-1 and the lower plate-shaped jig 11-2, respectively, by second pins 12.
The creep rate test method of the creep rate test device is described by taking the creep test of dissimilar metal welding joint materials of the nuclear power safety end in a high-temperature and high-pressure water environment as an example:
the nuclear power safety end dissimilar metal welding joint is composed of four materials: low Alloy high strength steel a508, nickel based Alloy82, nickel based Alloy182, and 316L austenitic stainless steels. If a traditional uniaxial creep-tensile test device is adopted to carry out a creep test, four materials need to be loaded respectively, the creep test time of each material is usually as long as several months, and under the condition that only one loading machine is used, the test time is extremely long, and the test environments of the four materials cannot be guaranteed to be completely the same.
After the creep rate testing device is adopted, firstly, referring to GB/T2039-1997 metal tensile creep and endurance testing method, four materials are respectively processed into shapes and sizes required by a standard endurance sample with a rectangular cross section, and then samples 13 of four different materials are divided into two groups by eight second pins 12 and respectively installed on sample clamps. The plate-shaped clamp 11-1 and the two lower plate-shaped clamps 11-2 are respectively connected with the two T-shaped connecting pieces 9 on the upper side and the lower side through connecting shafts 17, and the two first pins 10 penetrate through the lower plate-shaped clamp 11-2 and the T-shaped connecting pieces 9 on the lower side to ensure that the lower plate-shaped clamp 11-2 is completely fixed. The lower end of an upper connecting rod 16 is in threaded connection with an upper T-shaped connecting piece, the upper end of the upper connecting rod 16 penetrates through the cover plate 4, and after the position of the sample 13 is adjusted, the sample is locked through a connecting rod nut 15; meanwhile, the upper end of the lower connecting rod 8 is in threaded connection with the T-shaped connecting piece positioned below, and the lower end of the lower connecting rod 8 penetrates through the through hole in the base 7 and then is connected with a loading machine so as to provide a load required by the test.
After the test sample 13 is installed, the autoclave 2 penetrates through the base 7 by using eight studs 3 and then is completely fixed with the base 7 by using the sealing nuts 18 to ensure sealing, and then the heat-insulating lining 1 and the autoclave 2 are nested with each other to realize temperature maintenance under a long-time test condition; the establishment of the high-temperature and high-pressure water environment is realized through the circulation of external high-temperature water between the water inlet holes and the water outlet holes on the high-pressure kettle 2 and the heat-insulating lining 1.
And after the test requires the time required for stretching the test sample 13, stopping loading the test sample 13 by the loading machine, after the autoclave 2 is cooled and the pressure in the autoclave 2 is released, loosening the sealing nut 18, opening the autoclave 2, taking out the test sample 13, measuring the length change of the four materials by using the measuring tool respectively, and comparing the length change with the length before loading to obtain the creep variable of the materials. The creep rates of the four materials per unit time can be obtained at one time by dividing the respective creep amounts of the four materials by the creep time of the materials.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A dissimilar material creep rate test device under the autoclave environment is characterized in that: the test device comprises an environment maintaining part and a sample clamping part, wherein the environment maintaining part comprises an autoclave (2) and a base (7) arranged at the bottom of the autoclave (2), the autoclave (2) and the base (7) are fixed in a sealing manner, an environment cavity is formed inside the autoclave (2) and the base (7), a first water inlet hole (2-1) and a first water outlet hole (2-2) are formed in the top of the autoclave (2), the sample clamping part comprises a sample clamp, an upper connecting rod (16) and a lower connecting rod (8), the sample clamp and the upper connecting rod (16) are both arranged in the environment cavity, the sample clamp comprises two upper plate-shaped clamps (11-1) and two lower plate-shaped clamps (11-2), the upper plate-shaped clamps and the corresponding lower plate-shaped clamps are arranged oppositely, a sample (13) is connected between the upper plate-shaped clamps (11-1) and the lower plate-shaped clamps (11-2), a T-shaped connecting piece (9) is connected between the two lower plate-shaped clamps (11-2) through a T-shaped connecting piece (17), the T-shaped connecting piece (4) positioned below the upper connecting rod (16) and the lower connecting piece (8), the lower end of the lower connecting rod (8) penetrates through a through hole formed in the base (7), and the cover plate (4) is connected with the base (7) through the supporting rod (5);
the autoclave (2) is fixedly connected with the base (7) through a plurality of double-end studs (3), the upper ends of the double-end studs (3) are in threaded connection with the bottom of the autoclave (2), and the lower ends of the double-end studs (3) penetrate through the base (7) and then are locked with the base (7) through sealing nuts (18);
the environment maintaining part further comprises a heat insulation lining (1), the heat insulation lining (1) is sleeved outside the high-pressure kettle (2), a second water inlet hole (1-1) and a second water outlet hole (1-2) are formed in the heat insulation lining (1), the second water inlet hole (1-1) is communicated with the first water inlet hole (2-1), and the second water outlet hole (1-2) is communicated with the first water outlet hole (2-2).
2. The apparatus for testing creep rate of dissimilar materials in an autoclave environment according to claim 1, wherein: install on base (7) and be used for detecting temperature sensor (6) of environment intracavity temperature, temperature sensor (6) are located the environment intracavity.
3. The apparatus for testing creep rate of dissimilar materials in an autoclave environment according to claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the upper connecting rod (16) is in threaded connection with the T-shaped connecting piece positioned above the upper connecting rod, and the upper end of the upper connecting rod (16) penetrates through the cover plate (4) and then is locked through a connecting rod nut (15).
4. The apparatus for testing creep rate of dissimilar materials in an autoclave environment according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the lower connecting rod (8) is in threaded connection with the T-shaped connecting piece positioned below, and the through hole is formed in the center of the base (7).
5. The apparatus for testing creep rate of dissimilar materials in an autoclave environment according to claim 1, wherein: the quantity of bracing piece (5) is many, the lower extreme and base (7) fixed connection of bracing piece (5), pass through behind apron (4) the upper end of bracing piece (5) and lock through bracing piece nut (14).
6. The apparatus for testing creep rate of dissimilar materials in an autoclave environment according to claim 1, wherein: and a sealing ring (19) is arranged between the lower connecting rod (8) and the base (7).
7. The apparatus for testing creep rate of dissimilar materials in autoclave environment according to claim 1, wherein: the T-shaped connecting piece positioned below and the lower plate-shaped clamp (11-2) are fixed through a first pin (10).
8. The apparatus for testing creep rate of dissimilar materials in autoclave environment according to claim 7, wherein: the upper end and the lower end of the sample (13) are respectively connected with the upper plate-shaped clamp (11-1) and the lower plate-shaped clamp (11-2) through second pins (12).
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| CN201610831786.0A CN106168560B (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2016-09-19 | Device for testing creep rate of dissimilar material under high-pressure kettle environment |
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| CN107091778B (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2023-05-12 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Irradiation-promoted stress corrosion testing machine for four-axis slow strain rate stretching |
| CN109012495B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2024-03-15 | 西安力创材料检测技术有限公司 | Device for dynamically monitoring deformation index under high-temperature and high-pressure condition in reaction kettle |
| CN109443948B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2023-04-07 | 西安科技大学 | Creep performance test system and test method under high-temperature and high-pressure environment |
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| CN102519803A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-06-27 | 华东理工大学 | Multi-head miniature test specimen creep experiment device and test method |
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