CN106168175A - Large-sized diesel motor and operational approach, the use of the method - Google Patents
Large-sized diesel motor and operational approach, the use of the method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106168175A CN106168175A CN201610288984.7A CN201610288984A CN106168175A CN 106168175 A CN106168175 A CN 106168175A CN 201610288984 A CN201610288984 A CN 201610288984A CN 106168175 A CN106168175 A CN 106168175A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
- F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
- F02B25/04—Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
- F02B69/02—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
- F02B69/04—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
- F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
- F02D19/023—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0649—Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
- F02D19/0657—Heavy or light fuel oils; Fuels characterised by their impurities such as sulfur content or differences in grade, e.g. for ships
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- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/066—Retrofit of secondary fuel supply systems; Conversion of engines to operate on multiple fuels
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- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/081—Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
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- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/10—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
- F02D19/105—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous operating in a special mode, e.g. in a liquid fuel only mode for starting
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
- F02D31/007—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/1002—Output torque
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2400/00—Control systems adapted for specific engine types; Special features of engine control systems not otherwise provided for; Power supply, connectors or cabling for engine control systems
- F02D2400/04—Two-stroke combustion engines with electronic control
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- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
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- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
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- F02D35/027—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions using knock sensors
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/045—Detection of accelerating or decelerating state
Abstract
Large-sized diesel motor and operational approach, the use of the method.A kind of method operating large-sized diesel motor is proposed, this large-sized diesel motor can operate under at least one gas mode that gas is introduced in cylinder as fuel, wherein, operation (10) period in gas mode, the strong state (13) changed of load detected, and then this large-sized diesel motor operates in the transition mode, and the method comprises the following steps: specify the expected value of the torque of the rotary speed for electromotor or electromotor；Determine that the per working cycle for large-sized diesel motor can be used as the upper limit threshold (14) of the amount of the gas of fuel；Determine the additional amount (14) of the liquid fuel being introduced in addition to a gas in combustion space, wherein, in the way of realizing for the expected value of rotary speed, determine the size of described additional amount.Further it is proposed to a kind of large-sized diesel motor operated according to this method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the operation large-sized diesel motor of the preamble of independent claims according to corresponding kind method,
Large-sized diesel motor and the use of described method.
Background technology
The large-sized diesel motor of two-stroke or four-stroke machine device can be configured to (such as, as longitudinally scavenged two punchings
Journey large-sized diesel motor) it is frequently used as the driving set (drive aggregate) of ship or at static state operation
Use continually under pattern, such as, be used for driving high-rating generator for producing electric energy.In this, start
Machine generally runs the long duration under representing about the continuous operation mode of processing safety and the high request of availability
Section.For this reason, the long interval of time between particularly safeguarding, the economic treatment of low abrasion and operation fuel for
It it is central standard for operator.
In recent years, another main points and there is the importance of increase be characterized by the quality of waste gas, the particularly nitrogen in waste gas
Oxide concentration.Here, legal provisions and threshold value for corresponding waste gas value become more and more stricter.Especially with regard to
Two-stroke large diesel engine, this has a following result: be mounted with the typical heavy fuel oil of a lot of pollutant burning,
And the burning of diesel oil or other fuel any becomes more problematic, owing to the maintenance of waste gas threshold value becomes increasingly
Difficulty, therefore the harshest and the most more expensive, or finally, their maintenance is no longer possible with rationally
Mode is carried out.
For this reason, be there is a very long time in the demand of so-called " dual fuel engine ", this
Mean that electromotor can use two different kinds of fuel to operate.In gas mode, make such as natural gas (all
Such as LNG (liquefied natural gas)) gas or for the gas of form of liquid petroleum gas or be suitable to drive internal combustion engine
Gas with various burns, but under liquid pattern, make such as gasoline, diesel oil, the suitable liquid fuel of heavy fuel oil or
Different suitable liquid fuel fuel in same engine.In this, electromotor can be two stroke engine and
Both four-stroke engine, and in this, these electromotors can be put-put, medium duty engine,
And big-block engine, the most longitudinally scavenged two-stroke large diesel engine.
Using term " large-sized diesel motor " to also mean that this big-block engine can be is characterized in that fuel
From the form being different from diesel oil operator scheme lighted, also has the gasoline engine in the fired outside that it is characterized in that fuel
Operate under machine operator scheme or with the mixed form of both operations pattern.Term large-sized diesel motor also wraps
Include the most so-called dual fuel engine and fuel lights fired outside this being used for different fuel certainly
Big-block engine.
Under liquid pattern, generally fuel is introduced directly in the combustion space of cylinder and there according to from lighting
Principle burning.In gas mode, it is known that according to Otto principle (Otto principle) operator scheme mixed gaseous
Gas and scavenging (scavenging air), burning mixt can be put to produce in the combustion space of cylinder.About this
Low pressure method, lighting of mixture usually occurs in cylinder, carves when appropriate, and a small amount of liquid fuel is ejected into vapour
In the combustion space of cylinder or in precombustion chamber, then lead to lighting of air-gas mixture.Dual fuel engine energy
Enough during gas mode operates, it is switched to liquid pattern, and vice versa.
But, also pure gas electromotor, it means that require only can use gas and the most alternatively use diesel oil,
Heavy fuel oil or the electromotor of different fuel operation, particularly when the high demand about waste gas is required and only passes through gas
When the burning of body keeps, there is acceptable technology and require and for economic variable manner.Such as at WO 2010
147071A1 provides such a pure gas electromotor.Such as DE 10 2010 005814A1 exist existing
There is the another state of technology.
No matter it is dual fuel engine or pure gas electromotor, fuel gas is incorporated into corresponding reciprocating IC engine
Cylinder combustion space in process is low for reliability, pollutant and for the safety operation of this electromotor is
Very important.
In gas mode, correct ratio (so-called air-fuel ratio) tool of scavenging and gas is particularly set
There is most important property.Scavenging or pressurized air are generally used by the turbocharger in large-sized diesel motor, turbine
Supercharge produces scavenging pressure or loads air pressure, and it depends on the load of electromotor and depends in this way
The power of electromotor and/or torque and/or rotary speed.For given scavenging pressure, it is possible to calculate the air in cylinder
Amount, and then can determine the driving torque required respectively produced by electromotor and/or can determine for expecting
The appropriate amount of the gaseous fuel of rotary speed, the amount of torque and/or the amount of rotary speed produce for this mode of operation
Ideal combustion process.
Particularly when carrying out operating gas pattern according to Otto principle, for alap in terms of pollutant viewpoint, have
Effect and for economically viable power operation, the correct setting of air-gas ratio has most important property.As
Really gas part is too big, then air-gas mixture becomes the denseest.The burning spot of mixture the soonest or too early,
This causes the shock of electromotor.Due to combustion process no longer by correctly be tuned to piston movement in cylinder, therefore remove
Beyond other thing, resist piston motion with also resulting in combustion parts carrys out work.
And, when in normal operation condition, air-gas ratio be correctly positioned at modern large-sized diesel motor
In when no longer representing any big problem, have electromotor load very suddenly, frequently and the strong operation bar changed
Infringement is frequently resulted under part.
In this, it should be mentioned that example be by large-sized diesel motor drive arrive proud sea
Ship.This is likely to be of following result: the marine propeller directly driven by electromotor causes more or less week due to billow
The most fully out water of phase property, in order in the most complete encroached water.As a result, this has electromotor naturally
Load and/or be sent to the changing the most greatly and suddenly of driving torque of water by electromotor.When being used for making scavenging to use
Turbo-charger sytem when reacting in a phase shifted manner about the change of the load of electromotor, this may readily occur in
Under lower operator scheme: owing to the lowest scavenging pressure causes the air-gas mixture in cylinder to become the denseest, this leads
Causing deflagrate or clash into burning, this is disadvantageous naturally.Load in gas mode this quickly and suddenly changes
Become the most difficult be only conditioned or be not the most regulated so that require such as engine performance downward or
Changing continuously and/or adaptation of person's engine speed, or require the change from gas mode to liquid pattern.But
In view of the large-sized diesel motor such as using heavy fuel oil to operate under liquid pattern, owing to existing Emissions requirements causes
Under near shore no longer allows at liquid pattern, operate large-sized diesel motor, therefore under liquid pattern, no longer can
Keep waste gas value.
Very suddenly, frequently or by force the different examples changed of the issuable load of electromotor are to realize ship manoeuvre.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, from the beginning of the state of prior art, it is an object of the invention to propose a kind of operation large-sized diesel and send out
The method of motivation, wherein, is also directed to the unexpected, frequently or strong change that (such as, they are such as billow of load
In ship or just manoeuvre ship occur), large-sized diesel motor remains able to reliably and effectively and with environment
Friendly mode operates.And, it is an object of the invention to provide corresponding large-sized diesel motor.
The subject of the present invention meeting this purpose is characterised by: the feature of the independent patent claim of corresponding kind.
According to the present invention, a kind of method operating large-sized diesel motor, described large-sized diesel motor energy are thus proposed
Enough operations under at least one gas mode that gas is introduced in cylinder as fuel, wherein, in gas mode
During operation, the strong state changed of load detected, and the most described large-sized diesel motor is at transition mode
Operating under (transient mode), the method comprises the following steps:
-specify for the rotary speed of described electromotor or the expected value of the torque of described electromotor；
-determine that the per working cycle for described large-sized diesel motor can be used as the upper limit threshold of the amount of the gas of fuel
Value；
-determine the additional amount of the liquid fuel being introduced in combustion space in addition to described gas, with realize for
The mode of the expected value of described rotary speed determines the size (dimension) of described additional amount.
(do not reach with the burning of the air-gas mixture in cylinder owing to the gas flow of supply is limited to upper limit threshold
Mode to too fast burning or the scope of clashing into burning determines the size of described upper limit threshold), for load unexpected,
Frequent or cyclomorphosis or load transfer can also use gas mode, and does not has poor efficiency, pollutant load high
And the danger that the operator scheme of not environment friendly causes.Owing to gas supply that is limited or that reduce causes thus producing
For realizing the power (lacking power) lacked of the expectation rotary speed wanted, under the operation of transition mode,
In addition to a gas, specified quantitative liquid fuel is introduced in cylinder, and described specified quantitative fluid combustion provides and lacks
Few energy and/or power.
By the method according to the invention, as in the large-sized diesel motor of operation under only at liquid pattern, with
The large-sized diesel motor that this mode can operate under at least one gas mode realizes the similar response to load.
So that the air-gas mixture in cylinder can not become the denseest, and the liquid occurred generally according to diesel oil principle
The change of scavenging pressure is reacted the sensitiveest by the additional combustion of fluid fuel.
Preferably, this large-sized diesel motor is configured to the burning of gas and for particularly diesel oil or restrike
The dual fuel engine of the fluid combustion of oil.By the method according to the invention, it makes following in this way
Situation can: even changing suddenly and frequently in view of load, remain able under gas-operated pattern effectively
Operation dual fuel engine.Under the material circumstance driving set being ship by large-sized diesel motor application, this means
To remain in view of billow and can be efficiently used gas mode.By the method according to the invention, add and start
Machine flatness and significantly reduce the fluctuation of speed.
When utilizing (draw on) to can use the corresponding actual pressure of scavenging to determine for the upper limit threshold of the amount of gas
This is favourable.In this manner it is possible to optimize the part of burning based on gas.
According to the first embodiment, manually initiate transition mode.It is therefoie, for example, the operator on ship can be greatly
The transition mode of electromotor is activated when wave occurs.
When alternatively or additionally can according in following parameter at least one initiate transition mode time this is preferred
: the actual pressure of scavenging, cylinder pressure, the air-gas ratio calculated, clash into detector signal, send out
The rotary speed of motivation and the ratio of load, rotary speed and the change of ratio of load of electromotor, the turning of electromotor
Fuel quantity required by square, the change of torque, injection and the change of the fuel quantity required by injection.These parameters
In at least one continuous or regular (regulated) determine and also allow for automatically swashing of transition mode
Live.
In order to be incorporated in combustion space by the liquid fuel of additional amount in the transition mode, there is multiple advantageous variant
Example:
By the spraying equipment used under the liquid pattern of large-sized diesel motor, can be by the liquid fuel of additional amount
It is incorporated in combustion space.
By the pilot injection equipment used under the gas mode for lighting gas, can be by the liquid fuel of additional amount
It is incorporated in combustion space.
By the independent spraying equipment provided for the operation of transition mode, the liquid fuel of additional amount can be incorporated into
In combustion space.
It is additionally contemplates that the gas supply to combustion space, there is multiple preferred variant:
Described gas can also occur via cylinder sleeve to the supply of described cylinder.For this purpose it is known that generally know
Gas supply system, it is arranged at cylinder wall and introduces gases into via cylinder sleeve in the inner space of cylinder.
Such gas supply system is arranged in the way of the gas in a position is incorporated in cylinder by they, institute's rheme
Put and the top dead center position of piston in cylinder or lower dead centre position have an interval, especially, such
Interval adds up 40% to 60% of the interval between top dead center position and lower dead centre position, it is therefore preferable to
50%.
Described gas can also occur at cylinder cover to the supply of described cylinder.Gas supply system is additionally known for this
Purpose.
Before described scavenging is introduced in described cylinder or when described scavenging is introduced in described cylinder, institute
Stating gas, to be supplied to described scavenging also possible.Last-mentioned modified example is particular enable to one or more gas
Body inlet nozzle is arranged on the mode at one or more net (web) place and realizes, and the one or more net makes adjacent sweeping
Gas opening or scavenging slit are separated from one another.
According to the present invention, it is also proposed that a kind of large-sized diesel motor, this large-sized diesel motor can be at least one
Operate under gas mode and operate according to the method according to the invention.The advantage obtained at this is corresponding to provided above
Same interpretation and reference are made according to this busiest method.
Preferably, this large-sized diesel motor is configured to the burning of gas and for particularly diesel oil or weight
The dual fuel engine of the fluid combustion of fuel oil.
In a preferred embodiment, arrange include for initiate and perform transition mode operation control equipment send out
Motivation controls device.
And, propose according to for reequiping the root of the particularly large-sized diesel motor of dual fuel engine according to the present invention
Use according to the method for the present invention.Owing to the method according to the invention can be the most additional in terms of the viewpoint of equipment
Realize under a lot of applicable cases in the case of requirement, its be also particularly suitable for revising in this way and/or reequip existing greatly
Type Diesel engine, particularly contemplates the frequent and unexpected change (for example, it is contemplated that to billow) that load occurs, large-scale
Diesel engine can more effectively, safely and operate in economically feasible mode.
The further advantageous measures of the present invention and design are obtained by dependent claims.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below will by embodiment and referring to the drawings, from equipment viewpoint and from processing both engineering viewpoints in detail
Location describes the present invention.Shown in the drawings:
Fig. 1 be in the embodiment of the large-sized diesel motor being shown in embodiments of the present invention for visualizing
About the torque dependent schematic diagram to air Yu gas ratio；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment illustrating the method according to the invention；And
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the time progress illustrating torque.
Detailed description of the invention
In view of the following description of the present invention with reference to embodiment, it is being configured to the large-sized diesel of dual fuel engine
In the practice of electromotor, by exemplary character, the applicable cases of particular importance is made reference, it means that electromotor
Two distinct types of fuel can be used to operate.Particularly, this embodiment of large-sized diesel motor can be
Operate under liquid pattern, under described liquid pattern, during only liquid fuel is injected into the combustion space of cylinder.Generally,
Liquid fuel (such as, heavy fuel oil or diesel oil) when appropriate between point be directly injected in combustion space and according to
Diesel oil is certainly lighted principle and is lighted at this.But, large-sized diesel motor can also operate under gas-operated pattern,
Under described gas-operated pattern, as the gas (such as, natural gas) of fuel with the form of air-gas mixture
It is introduced in combustion space and is ignited.Especially, large-sized diesel motor according to low pressure method at gas-operated
MODE of operation, it means that gas is introduced in cylinder in the gaseous state.To this end, can occur with the mixing of air
Occur in cylinder itself or before cylinder.According to Otto principle fired outside air-gas mixture.Should
Fired outside generally occurs, this is because a small amount of liquid fuel when appropriate between point be introduced in combustion space and point
Fire self, and thus cause the fired outside of air-gas mixture.
Large-sized diesel motor can be configured to both four-stroke engine and two stroke engine.In view of at this
Embodiment described in example, what large-sized diesel motor was configured to work under liquid pattern has common rail system
Longitudinally scavenged two-stroke large diesel engine.
The assembly of large-sized diesel motor and separate part are (such as, such as, for spraying system, the use of liquid pattern
In gas supply system, gas exchange systems, the waste gas system of gas mode or be used for providing scavenging and/or supercharging
The turbo-charger sytem of air and for the control of large-sized diesel motor and regulation system) general for this area
Being known for logical technical staff, the two is considered as the design of two stroke engine and is considered as four strokes and sends out
The design of motivation, for this reason, does not requires at this to be explained further.
In view of the embodiment described in this example of longitudinally scavenged two-stroke large diesel engine, scavenging slit
Being generally arranged in lower area and/or the cylinder sleeve of each cylinder, described scavenging slit is by piston in the cylinder
Moving period's property ground closes and opens so that the scavenging provided by turbocharger can be at the blowing pressure (charging
Pressure) enter in cylinder via scavenging slit (assuming that they are opened) under.The outlet valve generally concentrating layout sets
Putting in cylinder cover and/or cylinder cowl, burning gases can by cylinder cover and/or cylinder cowl again after combustion process
Secondary discharge cylinder and enter waste gas system.In order to introduce liquid fuel, arrange and be such as arranged in the vapour near outlet valve
One or more fuel injection nozzle in cylinder cap.For gas supply in gas mode, arrange and include having
The gas supply system of at least one gas access valve of gas inlet nozzle.Gas inlet nozzle is generally such as substantially
The top dead center position being positioned at piston is arranged in cylinder wall at the height of lower dead centre position centre.
Additionally, be that ship drives the applicable cases of set to make reference to large-sized diesel motor below by way of example.
Due to the legal provisions about waste gas value, cause large-sized diesel motor nowadays near shore at gas-operated mould
Operate continually under formula, otherwise, it is impossible to keep again discharging (particularly nitrogen oxides NO for waste gasxAnd titanium dioxide
Sulfur) defined threshold.
Under gas-operated pattern, the efficiency of the alap air-gas mixture of pollutant and burning are to air capacity
Very sensitive with the ratio of gas flow.This ratio is generally represented by λ value, its matter being used for can be used for the air of burning
The ratio of quality of amount and the gas as fuel.
Desired air and gas ratio depend on the driving torque produced by electromotor and depend on ship in this way
Desired speed.Owing to large-sized diesel motor is generally connected directly to propeller for ship, therefore speed is corresponding to starting
The rotary speed of machine.
In the diagram, Fig. 1 shows air and gas ratio 1 and the torque 2 produced by the electromotor driving ship
Between exemplary connection.This explanation is applicable to when ship is at the Waterborne movable of basic calmness corresponding with the specific speed of ship
The given torque of (or corresponding with the specific rotary speed of electromotor).Especially, the torque 2 shown in Fig. 1
Being BMEP torque (brake mean-effective pressure torque), it is the working cycle (work for two-stroke machine
Cycle of plug motion and two cycles of piston movement for four-stroke machine device) substantially reverse meansigma methods.
In the schematic diagram of Fig. 1, it can be seen that two boundary curves, i.e. first clashes into (knocking) curve 3
With (misfiring) curve 4 that misfires.In view of clashing into the mode of operation presented with reference to the accompanying drawings on curve 3,
Air and gas ratio overrich, it means that there is air very little in the mixture.The denseest mixture may cause not
Same problem, i.e. due to the high-load of the gas in cylinder, causes burning that too fast (deflagrate) or send out occurs to obtain
Motivation starts to clash into or mixture is generally by too early starting burning and (relative to the working cycle, be also referred to as from lighting
Pre-igniting).With reference to the accompanying drawings, it is contemplated that be positioned at the mode of operation above the curve 4 that misfires, air is with gas ratio too
Dilute (lean), it means that there is not enough gas for the ideal burning in combustion space.
For this reason, an effort is at the ideal point 5 for air and gas ratio to operate up large-sized diesel
Electromotor.It practice, for the constant rotational speeds of ship and/or constant speed, can not avoid or regulate torque
Natural deviation and/or air and gas ratio 1, for this reason, existed and limited by two straight lines 7 and 8 in FIG
Range of tolerable variance 6, within the range, air and gas ratio 1 are permissible with the deviation of ideal point 5.Pass through
The operating point that A represents is presented in Fig. 1 ideal operation in gas mode.
When ship now moves away from calm water surface (with reference to Fig. 1) and arrives billow, may cause for electromotor
Changing the most suddenly and by force of load, it means that can by the torque that electromotor produces via marine propeller waterborne
Can change and change high amount (change of load) very fast.It is therefoie, for example, for surfy greatly
Sea, occurs marine propeller partly or by halves to leave water in short time period, and it significantly decreases electromotor
Actual loading.If in marine propeller the most complete encroached water, this causes dramatically increasing of load, and
Torque is caused to increase in this way.In FIG, this actually means that such as from point A to being positioned at shock curve 3
The point B of top once moves, and in this way, it is meant that in the range of " deflagrate " and/or clashing into.
Due to the phase-shift response of turbo-charger sytem, cause scavenging to be no longer able to air-gas mixture and become the denseest
Mode is available under required the blowing pressure.
Due on proud sea, these high-amplitude wave influencing meridian of engine loading are the most one by one and substantially
Periodically occur, therefore large-sized diesel motor effective, economic and low emission behaviour in gas mode
Operation mode is no longer possible.
The method according to the invention provides remedial measure.Fig. 2 is the embodiment illustrating the method according to the invention
Schematic diagram.Starting point is, in step 10, large-sized diesel motor operates in gas mode.If ship now to
Reach proud sea, then by the observation 11 of operator and/or can be detected this by evaluation operation parameter
State, described operating parameter controls equipment Inspection by engine control system or by difference in step 12.If
Determine that the strong of the load thus caused changes too greatly, then make in step 13 and large-sized diesel motor was switched to
Cross the decision of pattern.Under this transition mode, initially determine that the rotary speed for electromotor or will be produced by electromotor
The expected value of raw torque.This value can be such as and the ship mobile corresponding value on calm water surface.In step 14
In, control equipment it is then determined that can be used as the upper limit of the gas flow of fuel for per working cycle of large-sized diesel motor
Threshold value.This upper limit threshold determines in the following manner: available scavenging is enough, with the maximum gas that burns, institute
State maximum gas to be determined by upper limit threshold in the way of avoiding " deflagrate " and/or clashing into the scope burnt,
Thus air is the denseest with gas ratio.For avoid exceeding clash into threshold value 3 (Fig. 1) for maximum available gas
The upper limit threshold of amount depends on the air capacity being present in cylinder.In view of known cylinder volume, can be in available scavenging
The blowing pressure with the help of determine this air capacity.In this, it is considered to the deviation of the blowing pressure, it means that have
Assume sharply under any circumstance can minimum the blowing pressure.When determining for the suitable upper limit threshold value of gas flow,
Naturally also can utilize the empirical value of large-sized diesel motor or different known operation parameters.
It is particularly preferred that utilize the currently available the blowing pressure of scavenging to determine the upper limit threshold of gas flow.This inflation pressure
Power generally detects by measuring in large-sized diesel motor, and can be used in this way control equipment and/
Maybe can be sent to control equipment.Especially, in this, it is possible to currently available scavenging currency with
The determination of the upper limit threshold for gas flow is determined with the help of difference between the required the blowing pressure of scavenging.For
The required the blowing pressure of actual operational parameters is such as stored in look-up table or searches in matrix.
Then, control equipment includes upper limit threshold, and this upper limit threshold depends on and can be supplied to vapour as burning gases
The blowing pressure of the gas flow of cylinder, and gas flow is restricted to this upper limit threshold.Make the rotation produced by electromotor
Speed or torque can be maintained at expected value, at step 14, further specify that additional amount by control equipment
Liquid fuel, to compensate the difference between the expected value of rotary speed or torque and the value that will be realized by maximum gas amount
Mode determine the size of this additional amount.
This means that control equipment is determined to that maximum gas by being determined by upper limit threshold realizes for torque
Or the value of rotary speed.Then, it is determined that the difference between expected value and this value.It is then determined that want to compensate this difference
The amount of the liquid fuel asked.
In step 15, gas flow determined by present general is incorporated in cylinder and as making in gas mode
Its burning.Simultaneously, it means that in same duty cycle, in step 16, by previously determined liquid fuel
Amount be incorporated in cylinder and make itself from lighting.Fired by gas and the common of liquid fuel additionally introduced
Burn, it is possible to produce the expected value for rotary speed or torque with this.In this, liquid fuel certainly light energy
Enough it is used for the fired outside of air-gas mixture.
In step 17, by the observation of operator and/or be determined by operating parameter and make at regular intervals continuously
Inspection or whether meet the inspection of condition for activating transition mode.If it is, holding transition mode, as
By indicated by arrow 18 in Fig. 2, wherein it is preferred to, check and/or update the upper limit threshold for gas flow and
Value for the additional amount of liquid fuel.
If no longer meet the condition for transition mode in step 17 when inspection, then again make in step 19
Go out to change, to return to nominal gas pattern.
Initiate being used for and perform the control equipment of transition mode to be preferably integral with in engine control system.
Guarantee the expected value for engine speed in this way, it means that the burning at gas does not occur " quickly
Burning " scope and/or clash in the range of and/or " pre-igniting " in the range of in the case of, it is possible at transition mode
Under keep rotary speed or the expected value for torque by burning and the fluid combustion of combination gas.Pass through
Upper limit threshold for gas flow guarantees that air-gas mixture does not become the denseest in combustion space.
It is therefoie, for example, the double fuel large-sized diesel motor according to Otto principle work can under gas-operated pattern
Realizing the response changing load, this most substantially (uses liquid fuel by the method with according only to Diesel principle
Exclusively operation) large-sized diesel motor that works is identical.On the one hand, it is ensured that in view of the method according to the invention
And/or in view of the large-sized diesel motor according to the present invention, air-gas mixture does not become the denseest, and another
Aspect, the combustion parts being associated with liquid fuel is the most less sensitive to the blowing pressure too low reaction of scavenging.With this
Mode, particularly in proud sea, and during gas-operated pattern, it is possible to improves large-sized diesel and sends out
The operation stability of motivation and the fluctuation of speed can be reduced.
Schematic diagram in Fig. 3 emphasizes again that joining of gas combustion in the transition mode and liquid fuel combustion by example
Close.Torque T according to time t application large-sized diesel motor, it is contemplated that proud sea, itself it may happen that.
Then, the big wave that ship suffers moves the approximately periodic timely change causing torque T.Curve G shows by gas
The part of the torque that the burning of body causes, wherein, maximum gas amount can not become the denseest with air-gas mixture
Mode limited in the way of available scavenging is enough.There is limiting by the region shown in hatching of reference F
Two curves show about by increasing the additional amount of torque T that fluid combustion produces.
In order to additional amount liquid fuel being incorporated in the combustion space of cylinder during transition mode, exist different possible
Property.In the case of large-sized diesel motor is configured to dual fuel engine, it is possible to use identical spraying equipment with
In injecting LPG in liquefied condition, this equipment is also used under liquid pattern spraying fuel.
The another probability introducing liquid fuel when transition includes at this: can be by being used in gas mode lighting
Liquid fuel is incorporated in combustion space by the pilot injection equipment of air-gas mixture.
Naturally, it is also possible to independent spraying equipment is set for introducing liquid fuel during transition mode.Especially,
When large-sized diesel motor is not configured to liquid pattern and does not have respective spray equipment, this is particularly preferred
's.
In view of in the combustion space introducing gases into cylinder during transition mode and during gas mode, deposit
In multiple preferred variant.As being previously mentioned that, the gas with at least one gas inlet nozzle can be set
Body supply system, at least one gas inlet nozzle described is arranged in such a way in cylinder sleeve: gas can be drawn
Enter in cylinder and can be mixed together with scavenging as inflammable air-admixture of gas there.
However, it is also possible to arrange the spray of one or more gas access at cylinder cover and/or cylinder cowl in the following manner
Mouth: the supply from cylinder cover generation gas to cylinder, and then gas mixes with scavenging.
There is another probability at this: before scavenging is introduced in cylinder, supply a gas to scavenging.Then, gas
Body is mixed into air-gas mixture in the outside of cylinder inner space and scavenging, the most such as by scavenging slit or
Person's scavenging port, is incorporated into air-gas mixture in cylinder.Thus, gas occurs in whirlpool to the supply of scavenging
Point between the outlet of wheel supercharger systems and the entrance opening (such as, scavenging slit) in the inner space of cylinder
Place.
Especially, it is also possible to when scavenging is introduced in cylinder, supply a gas to scavenging.For this purpose it is proposed, such as,
Then one or more gas inlet nozzle, one or more can be respectively provided with at one or more net
Adjacent scavenging slit, in the way of scavenging is mixed by scavenging slit with gas on passage, is separated by individual net.
Judge whether to change into transition mode during step 12 (Fig. 2) is determined or analyzes with in step 13
Parameter that operating parameter is preferably the most Already in engine control system or can derive from such parameter
Value, it means that such parameter is for the operation of large-sized diesel motor or the most tested
Survey.
However, it is also possible to merely with an operating parameter to change the decision to transition mode, or due to operator
Observation cause only changing the decision of transition mode, then operator can also manually initiate transition mode.
Such as, in one or more operating parameter being suitable as step 12 in following parameter and/or step 13
Decision: by turbo-charger sytem can the actual pressure of scavenging；And/or the change of this pressure；Cylinder pressure；
The air-gas ratio calculated；Clash into the signal of detector, when the burning in cylinder occurs in shock mode,
The signal of described shock detector can be identified, it means that air-gas mixture is the denseest；The torque of electromotor
With changing or measured torque or torque change over time of the ratio of load or this ratio.
The method according to the invention can also be particularly used to reequip particularly dual fuel engine existed big
The purpose of type Diesel engine.Due in this large-sized diesel motor, realize the method according to the invention from being used for
Equipment viewpoint see, prerequisite has been satisfied or can be by low effort demand or cost and/or logical
Cross conversion to realize, be therefore often able to make large-sized diesel by adapting to accordingly or supplementing in engine control system
Electromotor prepares for transition mode.This probability of repacking considers to safeguard the discharge value with big benefit the most especially.
Claims (15)
1., for the method operating large-sized diesel motor, described large-sized diesel motor can be in gas conduct
Operate under at least one gas mode that fuel is introduced in cylinder, wherein, the operation under described gas mode
(10) period, the strong state (13) changed of load detected, and the most described large-sized diesel motor is in mistake
Crossing and operate under pattern, the method comprises the following steps:
Specify the expected value of the torque of the rotary speed for described electromotor or described electromotor；
Determine that the per working cycle for described large-sized diesel motor can be used as the upper limit threshold of the amount of the gas of fuel
(14)；
Determine the additional amount (14) of the liquid fuel being introduced in addition to described gas in described combustion space, its
In, in the way of realizing for the described expected value of described rotary speed, determine the size of described additional amount.
Method the most according to claim 1, wherein, described large-sized diesel motor is configured to double fuel and sends out
Motivation, the burning for gas of the described dual fuel engine and the liquid fuel for particularly diesel oil or heavy fuel oil
Burning.
3. according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, utilize the phase of currently available scavenging
Answer pressure, to determine the upper limit threshold (14) of the amount for described gas.
4. according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, manually initiate described transition mode.
5. according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, according at least in following parameter
The described transition mode of individual initiation: the actual pressure of described scavenging, cylinder pressure, the air-gas ratio calculated,
Clash into the signal of detector, rotary speed and the ratio of load of described electromotor, described electromotor rotary speed with
Load the change of ratio, the torque of described electromotor, the change of described torque, injection required by fuel amount,
And the change of the amount of the fuel required by injection.
6. according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, by starting at described large-sized diesel
The spraying equipment used under the liquid pattern of machine, is incorporated into described combustion space by the described liquid fuel of described additional amount
In.
7. according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, by lighting described gas being used for
Described gas mode under use pilot injection equipment, the described liquid fuel of described additional amount is incorporated into described burning
In space.
8. according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, by setting for described transition mode
The independent spraying equipment put, is incorporated into the described liquid fuel of described additional amount in described combustion space.
9. according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, described gas is to the confession of described cylinder
Should occur via cylinder sleeve.
10. according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, described gas is to the confession of described cylinder
Should occur at cylinder cover.
11. according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein, is introduced in described in described scavenging
Before in cylinder or when described scavenging is introduced in described cylinder, described gas is supplied as scavenging.
12. 1 kinds of large-sized diesel motors, described large-sized diesel motor can operate under at least one gas mode
(10) and according to according to the method described in any one in aforementioned claim operate.
13. large-sized diesel motors according to claim 12, described large-sized diesel motor is configured to double
Engine fuel, described dual fuel engine is for the burning of gas and for particularly diesel oil or the liquid of heavy fuel oil
The burning of fluid fuel.
14. according to a described large-sized diesel motor in claim 12 or 13, wherein, arranges and includes using
In the engine control system controlling equipment initiating and performing described transition mode.
15. according to the use of the method described in any one in claim 1 to 11, for reequiping the most double combustions
The large-sized diesel motor of material electromotor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15168102 | 2015-05-19 | ||
| EP15168102.0 | 2015-05-19 |
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| CN106168175A true CN106168175A (en) | 2016-11-30 |
| CN106168175B CN106168175B (en) | 2021-09-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201610288984.7A Active CN106168175B (en) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-05-04 | Large diesel engine, method for operating a large diesel engine, and use of a method |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3121428B1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP7122799B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR102580971B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN106168175B (en) |
| DK (1) | DK3121428T3 (en) |
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| CN111094726A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2020-05-01 | 株式会社Ihi原动机 | Engine operating method and engine system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3121428B1 (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2019-07-17 | Winterthur Gas & Diesel AG | Method for operating a large diesel engine, use of this method and large diesel engine |
| KR102603855B1 (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2023-11-21 | 바르실라 핀랜드 오이 | Method of operating a piston engine and control system for a piston engine |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20160136231A (en) | 2016-11-29 |
| EP3121428A1 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
| KR102580971B1 (en) | 2023-09-20 |
| EP3121428B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
| JP7122799B2 (en) | 2022-08-22 |
| JP2021105399A (en) | 2021-07-26 |
| DK3121428T3 (en) | 2019-10-14 |
| JP2016217348A (en) | 2016-12-22 |
| CN106168175B (en) | 2021-09-17 |
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