CN106166485A - 一种可见光响应的锡酸盐光催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种宽频高效的可见光响应锡酸盐光催化剂Li2In4Sn3O13及其制备方法。该光催化剂的化学组成式为Li2In4Sn3O13。本发明还公开了上述材料的制备方法。本发明得到的光催化剂具有光谱响应范围宽,光转换效率高和稳定性好等优点在可见光照射下具有分解有害化学物质、有机生物质和杀菌的作用;另外制备方法简单、合成温度低,成本低,适合工业生产与应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可见光响应的光催化剂Li2In4Sn3O13及其制备方法,属于无机光催化材料领域。
背景技术
随着社会经济的发展,人们对于能源和生态环境越来越关注,解决能源短缺和环境污染问题是实现可持续发展、提高人民生活质量和保障国家安全的迫切需要。
从20世纪70年代末期,人们提出了利用光催化剂分解水中和大气中的农药以及恶臭物质等有机物,以及涂有光催化剂的固体表面的自我清洁等应用实例。光催化反应的原理是光催化剂在吸收了高于其带隙能量的光子后,生成了空穴和电子,这些空穴和电子分别进行氧化反应和还原反应,达到分解有害化学物质、有机生物质和杀菌的目的。光催化剂有许多种,其中最有代表性的是二氧化钛(TiO2),已经利用二氧化钛对水中和大气中的农药和恶臭物质等有机物进行分解,然而二氧化钛的带隙是3.2eV,只有在比400nm短的紫外线的照射下才能显现出活性,只能在室内或者有紫外灯的地方工作,几乎不能利用可见光,这大大的限制了二氧化钛光催化剂的使用。
考虑到光催化剂在分解有害物质中的实用性,利用太阳光作为光源是不可缺少的。照射向地表的太阳光中波长在500nm附近可见光的强度最大,波长为400nm~750nm的可见光区的能量大约是太阳光总能量的43%,所以为了高效的利用,铋系光催化剂的开发和研究已经取得了一系列重大的成果,三价铋的复合物如BiVO4、Bi2MoO6、Bi2Mo2O9、Bi2Mo3O12和Bi2WO4被报道在可见光下具有良好的吸收。一系列铌(钽)酸盐光催化剂由于具有较高的光催化活性而被广泛研究。例如,铌酸盐光催化剂Pb3Nb4O13、BiNbO4和Bi2MNbO7(M=Al、Ga,In,Y,稀土元素和Fe)等和铌钾复合氧化物光催化剂如KNbO3、KNb3O8、K4Nb6O17和K6Nb10.6O30等都具有较好的光催化性能,但是在可见光范围内其本征光催化效应很弱或没有活性。
虽然光催化研究已进行了若干年,目前对可见光响应的光催化剂的探索与开发大部分是通过大量实验而得出的经验总结,在理论上还无法从化合物的晶体结构、组成、分子量等理化性质上预测其光催化性能,因此目前报道的具有可见光响应的光催化剂种类仍很有限,并存在着光转换效率低、合成困难、稳定性差和光谱响应范围窄等问题,研究和开发新的制备方法简单并具有宽频可见光响应的高效光催化剂是本领域科技人员一直渴望解决但始终难以获得成功的难题,这在很大程度上限制了光催化剂的广泛应用与发展。我们对组成为Li2In4Sn3O13和Li2In4Ge3O13的样品进行了光催化性能研究。结果发现Li2In4Sn3O13带隙宽度是2.66eV,具有优异的可见光响应的光催化性能;Li2In4Ge3O13为绝缘体,在紫外线的照射下也不显现出活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有可见光响应的光催化剂Li2In4Sn3O13及其制备方法。
本发明涉及的具有可见光响应的光催化剂的化学组成式为:Li2In4Sn3O13。
上述可见光响应的光催化剂的制备方法具体步骤为:
(1)将99.9%分析纯的化学原料Li2CO3、In2O3和SnO2的粉末按Li2In4Sn3O13的组成称量配料。
(2)将步骤(1)配好的原料混合,放入球磨罐中,加入氧化锆球和无水乙醇,球磨8小时,混合磨细,取出烘干,过200目筛。
(3)将步骤(2)混合均匀的粉料在1100~1150℃预烧,并保温6小时,自然冷却至室温,然后通过球磨机粉碎使颗粒平均直径变小,低于2μm,即得到Li2In4Sn3O13粉末。
本发明的优点:Li2In4Sn3O13光催化剂的可见光响应频率范围宽,光转换效率高和稳定性好,在可见光照射下具有分解有害化学物质、有机生物质和杀菌的作用;另外制备方法简单、合成温度低,成本低,适合工业生产与应用。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明进行具体说明:
1、为了得到本发明中所使用的复合氧化物,首先使用固相合成法制备粉末,即把作为原料的各种氧化物或碳酸盐按照目标组成化学计量比进行混合,再在常压下于空气气氛中合成。
2、为了能够有效利用光,本发明中的光催化剂的尺寸最好在微米级别,甚至是纳米粒子,且比表面积较大。用固相合成法制备的氧化物粉末,其粒子较大而表面积较小,但是可以通过球磨机粉碎手段使粒子直径变小。
3、本发明的光催化实验以甲基橙作为模拟有机污染物,其浓度为20mg/L;光催化剂Li2In4Sn3O13的加入量为1g/L;光源使用300W的氙灯,反应槽使用硼硅酸玻璃制成的器皿,通过滤波器得到波长大于420nm的光,然后照射光催化剂;催化时间设定为60分钟。
实施例1:
(1)将分析纯化学原料Li2CO3、In2O3和SnO2的粉末按Li2In4Sn3O13的组成称量配料。
(2)将步骤(1)配好的原料混合,放入球磨罐中,加入氧化锆球和无水乙醇,球磨8小时,混合磨细,取出烘干,过200目筛。
(3)将步骤(2)混合均匀的粉料在1100℃预烧,并保温6小时,自然冷却至室温,然后通过球磨机粉碎使颗粒平均直径变小,低于2μm,即得到Li2In4Sn3O13粉末。
所制备的光催化剂,在波长大于420nm的可见光照射下,60分钟对甲基橙去除率达到97.3%。
实施例2:
(1)将分析纯化学原料Li2CO3、In2O3和SnO2的粉末按Li2In4Sn3O13的组成称量配料。
(2)将步骤(1)配好的原料混合,放入球磨罐中,加入氧化锆球和无水乙醇,球磨8小时,混合磨细,取出烘干,过200目筛。
(3)将步骤(2)混合均匀的粉料在1130℃预烧,并保温6小时,自然冷却至室温,然后通过球磨机粉碎使颗粒平均直径变小,低于2μm,即得到Li2In4Sn3O13粉末。
所制备的光催化剂,在波长大于420nm的可见光照射下,60分钟对甲基橙去除率达到98.9%。
实施例3:
(1)将分析纯化学原料Li2CO3、In2O3和SnO2的粉末按Li2In4Sn3O13的组成称量配料。
(2)将步骤(1)配好的原料混合,放入球磨罐中,加入氧化锆球和无水乙醇,球磨8小时,混合磨细,取出烘干,过200目筛。
(3)将步骤(2)混合均匀的粉料在1150℃预烧,并保温6小时,自然冷却至室温,然后通过球磨机粉碎使颗粒平均直径变小,低于2μm,即得到Li2In4Sn3O13粉末。
所制备的光催化剂,在波长大于420nm的可见光照射下,60min对甲基橙去除率达到98.1%。
本发明决不限于以上实施例。各温度的上下限、区间取值都能实现本发明,在此不一一列举实施例。
以上发明实施例所制的光催化剂粉末可负载于多种基体表面上。基体可以是玻璃、陶瓷、活性炭或石英砂等,光催化剂可以以薄膜的形式负载于基体表面。
Claims (1)
1.一种宽频高效可见光响应的锡酸盐光催化剂,其特征在于所述光催化剂的化学组成为Li2In4Sn3O13;
所述光催化剂的制备方法具体步骤为:
(1)将分析纯化学原料Li2CO3、In2O3和SnO2的粉末按Li2In4Sn3O13的组成称量配料;
(2)将步骤(1)配好的原料混合,放入球磨罐中,加入氧化锆球和无水乙醇,球磨8小时,混合磨细,取出烘干,过200目筛;
(3)将步骤(2)混合均匀的粉料在1100~1150℃预烧,并保温6小时,自然冷却至室温,然后通过球磨机粉碎使颗粒平均直径低于2μm,即得到光催化剂Li2In4Sn3O13粉末。
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