CN106158230A - The firearms rocket jet engine steam turbine internal combustion engine of additional magnetic power apparatus and aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is firearms rocket jet engine steam turbine internal combustion engine and the aircraft of additional magnetic power apparatus.A kind of magnet, utilizes Lorentz force, and strong inhibition fluid molecule in its vicinity is perpendicular to translation, rotation and the vibration on fluid macroscopic view flow direction, fluid molecule is greatly lowered to the pressure being perpendicular on fluid macroscopic view flow direction and temperature；Thus increase substantially the speed that fluid molecule spreads towards required macroscopical flow direction.Resistance that the frictional force eliminating from basic and microcosmic or at least greatly weakening in viscous friction, turbulent flow shear stress, boundary-layer and shock wave and heat transfer, shock wave produce and the negative effect to relative motion between air-flow and object for the heating.All kinds of rifles, big gun, rocket engine, jet engine, steam turbine, gasoline engine and the diesel engine etc. that are equipped with this magnet will be greatly lowered radially pressure and temperature, increase substantially the initial velocity of bullet, improve rocket engine, the power of jet engine and speed, improve the capacity usage ratio of gas turbine, steam turbine and internal combustion engine.Various resistance and heating that aircraft be subject to is greatly lowered.

Description

The firearms rocket jet engine steam turbine internal combustion engine of additional magnetic power apparatus and aircraft

Technical field

The invention belongs to improve the weapons with pipes such as all kinds of rifle, big gun with a kind of special magnetic means；Improve all kinds of rocket motor Machine, jet engine；Improve all kinds of gas turbine, steam turbine；Improve all kinds of diesel engine and gasoline engine；Improve all kinds of flying About the technical field of parts in the row device particularly equipments such as supersonic vehicle and/or device.

Background technology

Although the species of existing firearms is various, but the initial velocity of their launch cartridge bullets is all fairly limited.According to " http://lxyd.imech.ac.cn/in shell how soon can fly on earth " is said: " ... bullet leaves initial velocity during gun muzzle): step Rifle 600-900 meter per second, sniper rifle 1000-1200 meter per second (also has and reaches extremely individually 1450 meter per seconds) ....”

The bullet number that existing Metal Storm Weapon System is launched in being no doubt greatly enhanced the unit interval.But it is sent out by tradition Penetrate gunpowder and launch the principle of bullet and the as broad as long of common firearms.Therefore the initial velocity of its bullet is similar to common firearms.

The initial velocity of existing Canon launching bullet is also fairly limited.According to ibid " shell how soon can fly an on earth " literary composition: " smooth Gram big gun 1500-1700 meter per second.... in the firearms of active service, the initial velocity of bullet is not above 2000 meter per seconds.”

In order to improve the initial velocity of the bullet that fires shells, each military power all have developed all kinds of magnetic artillery.As “http://baike.baidu.com/link？Url=gBHaDC4zEPqYTfjX4oORs0b41M1OrKtjI1z9jsw8LuVB6NF We8Ip6UmznVGmJmCm railgun " is said: " railgun is the active force utilizing electromagnetic field in electromagnetic system ... can It is greatly improved speed and the range of bullet.... magnetic artillery, according to the difference of structure and principle, following several types can be divided into: Coilgun: coilgun is also known as exchange coaxial coil big gun.... railgun: railgun utilizes track current interphase interaction Ampere force goes out pellet injection.Reclosing big gun: reclosing big gun is the contactless electromagnetic launch system of a kind of multistage acceleration, does not has big gun Pipe, but require that bullet should have certain initial velocity before entering reclosing big gun.”

Above-mentioned several magnetic artillery abandons chemical energy powerful in legacy transmission gunpowder completely, then is completely dependent on electric energy and drives Bullet.Thus need to be equipped with the great power pulse power source that Pang is necessarily large and bulky, and when launching, to consume huge electric energy.This Just constrain their development to a great extent.Say just as upper document " railgun ": " Electromagnetic Launching grinding technically Study carefully work and also may continue more than 20 year, because there is presently no which warship can produce and store the electric energy needed for opening fire with artillery.”

Also having a kind of electrothermal gun, it " is divided into two big classes: directly advance bullet, referred to as directly-heated (or single heat) with plasma Formula electrothermal gun；The plasma producing with electric energy reheats other more light weight working medium and becomes gas to advance bullet, is referred to as Between heat (or re-heat) formula electrothermal gun.... directly-heated type electrothermal gun advances bullet all of electric energy ... and big absolutely Most indirect-heating electrothermal guns, launch bullet and not only use electric energy but also use chemical energy ... it is a class electrothermal chemical gun.... electrothermal gun There is significant difference with other magnetic artillery in terms of efficiency, this is because what power supply and the intrinsic energy loss of big gun caused." (select from http://baike.baidu.com/link？Url=59mt7EK-dscBd3_51xxIi6KjLxX7zDlmOqQYq2vPgNLcisVBi H0xnSwZRSt2_n9Y electrothermal gun ".Visible: this two classes electrothermal gun is still abandoned or part abandons in propellant powerful Chemical energy, powerful electric energy supply will be needed.And " in terms of efficiency, having significant difference with other magnetic artillery ".

Also has the invention of some other magnetic artillery, such as " CN1279391A [Chinese] denomination of invention--a kind of military electromagnetic energy superelevation Speed emission gun.... this big gun mainly by electromagnetism energy accumulation emitter, magnetic energy bullet ... the pellet injection magnetic energy speedup on gun tube System, electric power or generating equipment, bullet electromagnetic energy launch conductive guide, T-shaped magnetic amplitude transformer ... wait composition.”

Their principle is all to utilize electromagnetic energy to promote bullet completely, therefore yet suffers from required electric energy this weak point very big.

Existing liquid-propellant rocket engine " cooling of combustion chamber and spout is a great problem of liquid prpellant rocket, To this end, first have to allow cryogenic liquid circulate around the part of extreme temperatures, lower the temperature to them.Pump must produce high pressure Power just can overcome the pressure producing in combustion chamber because of fuel combustion." select from “http://wenku.baidu.com/link？Url=SfNn3NesscV_8aZgVJD4hJyK5VqPsYFgn5EFXJD1qYCXthR4x- N1WnH3JzSKMYruFgklVfF9vpoP5QELexHw15p44LF-uSzpV0Pb4SkT3i rocket engine operation principle ".

And solid propellant rocket " high temperature and 10 of 2500～3500 degree must be born in combustion chamber²～2 × 10⁷The high pressure of handkerchief.” Select from " http://www.360doc.cn/article/7536781_347050330.html rocket engine outline ".

Additionally, also have such as " electrothermal rocket engine, electrostatic engine, electromagnetic rocket engine, nuclear rocket engine " Deng.But for various reasons, they all cannot replace makes chemically-fueled solid-rocket and liquid-propellant rocket engine.

Also all there is the high temperature and high pressure problem in the combustion chamber similar with rocket engine in existing all kinds of jet engine.According to “http://zhidao.baidu.com/link？Url=OWh84UBzdlyhKbsIzVk2LMUHeo4ZSepkSVpOW0_Vpku4D SNd_2r4UYxWGgrdG4rB-0SralcFI9ltUebZ5yXi2K aero-engine " is said: " research of combustion chamber is mainly concentrated In ... new cooling means and cooling structure ... the component working bad environments in combustion chamber, bear huge thermal stress.”

Existing " pulse-knocking engine " in the ascendant there is also the high temperature problem of combustion chamber: " (7) cool down problem: pinking The very high speed of ripple after heat combustion gas, causes the increase of tube wall heat, it is therefore necessary to take efficient cooling provision." select from “http://baike.baidu.com/view/1074436.htm？Fr=aladdin pulse-knocking engine ".

Existing " supersonic combustion ramjet propulsion ", " due to the high thermic load of hypersonic propulsion system ... need Fuel completes perhaps multipart cooling task in the course of the work.... the fuel quantity for cooling will be than the fuel of burning consumption Many." select from " http://baike.baidu.com/view/1424787.htm？Fr=aladdin supersonic combustion ramjet propulsion ".

The principle of existing gas turbine is similar to jet engine, therefore they there is also the problem similar to it.Such as evidence “http://baike.baidu.com/link？Url=qs05r8Bih7eMXKU9LcSVIAOX0ESY5PyVK_IaQiwWbsdy7fu XZYn29SNl4GF2REGE gas turbine " is said: " combustion chamber and turbine not only operating temperature is high ... condition of work is severe. Burner inner liner and blade etc.. operating temperature must also be reduced with air cooling.”

Existing steam turbine, as according to " http://bbs.tiexue.net/post2_2912322_1.html steam turbine operation principle ": " utilize the high temperature and high pressure steam coming from boiler, sprayed by steam jet, the blade of impact steam turbine, drive arbor to turn together Dynamic.... the thermal efficiency is 25～30%." visible, how their problem encountered remain big by steam as much as possible Portion of energy is used for impacting the blade of steam turbine, thus improves the thermal efficiency；Rather than by steam conducting self-heating to very high temperature.

Existing internal combustion engine specifically includes that gasoline engine and diesel engine.They are in driving stroke, are all to utilize fuel oil burning to produce High temperature and high pressure gas promote piston work done.But the energy of these gases has considerable part be not directly used in push away Dynamic piston work done, but be used for making gas itself produce high temperature and high pressure, this is obviously also the waste of a kind of energy.Such as evidence “http://wenku.baidu.com/link？Url=rMtf5-Y8b5RwZQwzEbO3zuPHbX8aEUoQN4EXmDShJ7T9 1KW_vi288WhFrsdNJC8BDYg4Ku-_zVSAiblQJfperV91JQN6CbvoNyMW bcFNA-W jet is started The structure of machine and principle " is said: " no matter be gasoline engine or diesel engine, all there are following three problems: one be tail gas take away interior Can (i.e. waste gas in can) account for a greater part of, objectively limit the efficiency of internal combustion engine less than 50% (gasoline engine is 20%～30%, Diesel engine is 30%～45%)；Two is that internal combustion engine exists radiation loss, as cylinder, piston etc. still can dispel the heat ....”

Existing aircraft particularly supersonic vehicle, mainly includes all kinds of military aircraft, ballistic missile and reentries Bullet, shell, spaceship etc..When they " during with velocity of sound or supersonic motion ... define shock wave.... at height During speed flight, the generation of shock wave and wave resistance, the impact on the flying quality of aircraft is bigger.... the possible consumption of engine of wave resistance is big 3/4ths of substantially all power." select from " http://baike.baidu.com/view/451757.htm？Fr=aladdin drag due to shock wave ".

Shock wave not only can form the very big resistance of motion, also can produce very high temperature because of friction.Such as evidence “http://www.bzfxw.com/soft/softdown.asp？Softid=237982 " aerodynamics basis " Xu Huafang writes, state Anti-industry publishing house in December, 1979 first edition, standard book number: 15034.1958. " (below by this books " aerodynamics Basis " referred to as " basic ") volume two P57 say: " when the M number of aircraft is very high, such as more than 5, generation normal shock wave When, the T after ripple₂Reach 1000～2000K "." basic " volume two P83 says, when satellite, guided missile etc. are reentried, and " flight Mach number is more than 10, and the temperature after forward shock is at more than 5000K ".

Below by above-mentioned " rifle, big gun, rocket engine, jet engine, gas turbine, steam turbine, diesel engine and vapour Oil machine " totally eight big kind equipments and/or device are referred to as " eight big class devices ".And the 9th above-mentioned class " aircraft " will additionally discuss.

The operation principle of above-mentioned eight big class devices has a common ground: they are all with the fuel of solid-state, liquid and gaseous state and to help Combustion thing is (such as the propellant powder in rifle, big gun and the solid fuel in solid-rocket；Liquid hydrogen in other a few class devices, liquid oxygen, kerosene, Gasoline, diesel oil, air etc.) burning produce (the only steam of steam turbine comes from boiler) high temperature and high pressure gas carry out work done.

Chemical energy in order to produce fuel combustion is used for making " useful " work(as far as possible in high proportion.In firearms, it is desirable to launch The energy that medicine produces as far as possible for promoting the bullet of firearms towards muzzle or this " single direction " of gun muzzle.In internal combustion engine, also Wish energy that fuel produces as far as possible for promoting piston to " single direction ".All kinds of rocket engines, jet engine, In gas turbine and steam turbine, it is desirable also to the chemical energy that fuel produces as far as possible all is used for gas molecule towards " single side To " promote, thus produce the powerful recoil strength bringing because of air-flow high-speed motion.Reverse push get angry arrow, jet engine forward, And/or promote the High Rotation Speeds such as the turbine in jet engine and gas turbine, the impeller in steam turbine and work done.

But, actually the energy of gas has greatly for heating gas " own " so that the temperature of gas raises. This not only causes the waste of chemical energy, more bring many puzzlement in eight big class devices, nearly all to add all kinds of Cooling device.The barrel of such as firearms can need heat radiation because of heating；In rocket engine, jet engine, gas turbine It is required for special exotic material to bear the high temperature of gas.Moreover, they even also need to heat abstractor by a large number Heat away: the cooling pipe around such as liquid rocket jet pipe, around the cylinder of internal combustion engine for heat radiation water jacket etc..

In addition to high temperature, gas also has very high pressure.But the pressure in the pressure of gas i.e. unit are is towards " on four sides From all directions ", it is not only towards above-mentioned desired " single direction ".This also brings the puzzlement eight big class dress of many In putting, all parts bearing gas high temperature also to bear high gas pressure simultaneously.The barrel of such as firearms, rocket motor Machine, jet engine, the combustion chamber of gas turbine and jet pipe, the cylinder etc. of internal combustion engine.Thus need quite may be used by wall thickness The high-strength material seen manufactures the parts directly bearing gas pressure in eight big class devices.

In sum: gas produced by fuel combustion is not at all as desired by the mankind: uses its most energy In making in gas most molecule towards " single direction " translation；Cause the high temperature and high pressure of gas itself on the contrary, and therefore Bring above-mentioned many puzzlements.Here it is the weak point that eight big class devices are common.

The reason that carry out in depth to analyze to cause these common weak points above-mentioned in eight big class devices profound below again:

Above-mentioned eight big class devices have the process of burning mostly.And the product burning is mainly various gas, gas contain extremely many Gas molecule, they are all ceaselessly carrying out warm-up movement.According to gas-kinetic theory, the pressure of perfect gas is:

$p=\frac{2}{3}n\left(\frac{1}{2}m\stackrel{\‾}{v^2}\right)=\frac{2}{3}n\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_k}...\left(1\right);$

In formula (1), p is the pressure that gas acts on container inner wall, and n is the density of gas molecule；M is molecular mass；It is The average speed of gas molecule translation.Being gas molecule " average translation " kinetic energy, it defines also can see formula (2):

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_k}=\frac{1}{2}m\stackrel{\‾}{v^2}=\frac{3}{2}\mathrm{kT}...\left(2\right);$

In formula (2), k is Boltzmann constant, and T is absolute temperature.

Understand that the temperature of perfect gas is dependent only on average " translation " kinetic energy of gas molecule from formula (2).But according to gas molecule motion Opinion: " the various mean values of the speed of gas molecule component in all directions are equal ".Putting down of molecule required in eight big class devices Dynamic only above-mentioned " single direction "；The translation in any " other " direction is all the waste of a kind of energy！Not only so, molecule to The high temperature that the violent translation in other directions causes and also create eight big class device needs coolings and by problems such as exotic materials.

Formula (1), (2) are combined the The Ideal-Gas Equation just obtaining contacting pressure p with temperature T, i.e. formula (3):

P=nkT ... (3)；

Knowable to formula (3): the pressure of gas is proportional to density and the temperature of gas.Assuming that the positive direction of X-axis is above-mentioned required " single One direction ".So, all YOZ in-planes being perpendicular to X-axis are exactly generally the appearance bearing gas high pressure in eight big class devices The inwall of device.The cylinder etc. of the barrel of such as firearms, the combustion chamber of Rockets and Jets and jet pipe, internal combustion engine.And molecule Violent translation in YOZ plane will bring the huge pressure being perpendicular in X-direction.But that causes on these directions is huge Big pressure is but the waste of a kind of energy！Still more huge pressure greatly increases for bearing gas in eight big class devices high The requirement of the aspects such as the material of the container inner wall of pressure, thickness and intensity；Also therefore improve their cost and weight etc..

In addition to translation, molecule also has the motion of other various ways.According to " atomic physics ", (Chu Shenglin compiles people's education Publishing house June in 1979 the 1st edition, book number 13,012 0294) P280 says: " molecule be have one group connected each other former Son.... if a molecule has N number of atom, just total 3N the free degree.... molecule is free as being integrated with three translations Degree, three rotational freedoms ... remaining 3N-6 is exactly intramolecule vibrational degrees of freedom.

According to " energy presses free degree principle of equipartition ": under the equilibrium state of temperature T, no matter the motion of which kind of form, correspond to each The energy of the free degree is equal to (1/2) kT.And understand according to the quantity of ibid " atomic physics " Middle molecule freedom of motion: point Fit over the energy on positive and negative two directions of X-axis one degree of freedom and only account for the 1/3N of gross energy；And distribute at desired " single direction " I.e. translational energy in X-axis positive direction only accounts for the 1/6N of gross energy.For example as N=2, energy in X-axis positive direction for the distribution Amount only accounts for the 1/12 of gross energy！As N=3, energy in X-axis positive direction for the distribution only accounts for trivial the 1/18 of gross energy！

Be analyzed above is the situation in poised state for the perfect gas.But in eight big class devices, generally all there is " source " of gas. The propellant powder of such as firearms is to produce high temperature and high pressure gas " source ".Rocket engine, jet engine, gas turbine and steaming Combustion chamber in steam turbine and nozzle；In internal combustion engine, the pit in cylinder head and atomizer etc. are also " source " producing gas.

Owing to the temperature of the gas molecule near these gases " source ", pressure and density are all peaks, then, Jiu Huiyin Molecular density uneven and produce " diffusion " phenomenon.For example in firearms, before the direction of diffusion is the bullet that can move Enter direction.And in rocket, jet engine, gas turbine and steam turbine, the direction of diffusion be nozzle after turbine or vapour The impeller of turbine or rocket, jet engine etc. air below and/or vacuum etc..The diffusion coefficient D of this diffusion motion is:

$D=\frac{1}{3}\stackrel{\‾}{\mathrm{v\λ}}...\left(4\right);$

In formula (4),For the mean free path of molecule, it is by equation below (5) decision:

$\stackrel{\‾}{\mathrm{\λ}}=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{v}}{\stackrel{\‾}{Z}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\mathrm{\π}{d}^{2}n}=\frac{\mathrm{kT}}{\sqrt{2}\mathrm{\π}{d}^{2}p}...\left(5\right)$

In formula (5), d is the effective diameter of molecule,The average time of molecule and other molecular collisions for investigating in the unit time. Visible: mean free pathIt is inversely proportional to density n of gas molecule or the pressure p of gas.

And above-mentioned gas molecule is towards this " diffusion " phenomenon just of the migration on required " single direction " integral macroscopic.

At gas " source " and near zone thereof, temperature T is the highest.According to Distribution Function of Maxwell Rate: in this region The Mean Speed of gas molecule is also high！But gas " source " and near molecular density n and pressure p be also all maximum.That , according to formula (5): this results inMinimum！AndMinimum mean that molecule extremely collides frequently.According to “http://baike.baidu.com/link？Url=hD2Udiqo3mfC4CYlTSFYIaD0x83OstxdSRsVcoKlAvRxBYw 0s1VCsfzNu03PgNXI gas molecule mean free path " is said: " at standard conditions, the mean collisional frequency of nitrogen molecule It is 1.2 × 10¹⁰Secondary/s, mean free path is 3.8 × 10^-8m”.Another document is also said: " speed of heat motion of gas molecules is very big, Intermolecular extremely collide with each other continually ....Temperature is higher, and molecular motion is fiercer.When 0 DEG C, air molecule is average Speed is about 400 meter per seconds." select from " http://www.chinadmd.com/file/vtvvuwoxx3oi6z3s66wausoz_1.html Transport phenomena with regard in gas ".

Noting: in the two document above, temperature only has 0 DEG C under standard state.And the gas " source " in eight big class devices Near, temperature is often as high as thousand of DEG C！Considerably beyond 0 DEG C.The Mean Speed of gas molecule and/or most propable speed will be far away More than 400 meter per seconds！Meanwhile, the number of times of the average collision per second of molecule also will exceed well over 10¹⁰The order of magnitude！

The extremely sharp-pointed contradiction of " Mean Speed is the highest " and " mean free path minimum " of the molecule of this " simultaneously occur " is very big Reduce the speed that the gas molecule from " source " spreads towards " single " direction！Ibid " transport phenomena with regard in gas " Middle theory: " owing to extremely colliding frequently, the size and Orientation moment of molecular velocity is all changing, and gas molecule is in a certain direction The speed migrating is just fairly slow, so the speed of gas diffusion is more more slowly than the speed of gas molecule motion." at many documents In, all occurring in that under normal temperature that gas to be diffused in another one bottle from a bottle needs the video recording of time a few minutes！

The 9th above-mentioned class aircraft is awing, although the high temperature and high pressure gas producing that do not burns directly acts on its shell table Face.But as described above, during high speed particularly supersonic flight, they also can produce powerful resistance and heat with the effect of air.

In a word: understand with the theory analysis under perfect gas poised state: in molecule, only very least a portion of energy is for by molecule The overall translation towards required " single " direction.Also draw molecule to " single " with the diffusion theory analysis under nonequilibrium condition Direction diffusion can be by great resistance to impact.Analyzed by aerodynamics and understand: the air-flow in nine big class devices and/or thing The movement velocity of body is subjected to the restriction of velocity of sound and/or shock wave.These are all the basic reasonses that nine big class devices run into predicament！

Content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention one is: a kind of device of invention, and it can greatly suppress fluid molecule in certain limit about to own It is perpendicular to translation, rotation and the vibration on fluid macroscopic view flow direction, thus fluid molecule is greatly lowered for being perpendicular to fluid Pressure on macroscopic view flow direction and temperature；And therefore increase substantially the speed that fluid spreads towards required macroscopical flow direction Degree.Meanwhile, fundamentally eliminate or at least greatly weaken such as viscous friction, turbulent flow shear stress, attached with on microcosmic Frictional force in surface layer and shock wave and heat transfer, the resistance of shock wave generation and the obstruction to relative motion between gas and object for the heating.

The purpose of the present invention two is: on the basis of purpose one, improve all kinds of firearms so that it is the energy that propellant gas produces It is used for promoting bullet as far as possible in high proportion, thus the initial velocity of bullet is significantly increased.

The purpose of the present invention three is: on the basis of purpose one, improve all kinds of cannon so that it is the energy that propellant gas produces It is used for promoting shell bullet as far as possible in high proportion, thus the initial velocity of shell bullet is significantly increased.

The purpose of the present invention four is: on the basis of purpose one, improves all kinds of rocket engine, reduces temperature and the pressure of gas, Speed that gas to " single direction " spread is significantly increased simultaneously, thus the speed of rocket engine is significantly increased.

The purpose of the present invention five is: on the basis of purpose one, improves all kinds of jet engine, reduces temperature and the pressure of gas, Speed that gas to " single direction " spread is significantly increased simultaneously, thus the speed of jet engine is significantly increased.

The purpose of the present invention six is: on the basis of purpose one, improves all kinds of gas turbine, reduces temperature and the pressure of combustion gas, Speed that gas to " single direction " spread is significantly increased simultaneously, its thermal efficiency and/or fuel availability are significantly increased.

The purpose of the present invention seven is: on the basis of purpose one, improve all kinds of steam turbine, steam is significantly increased to " list The speed that one direction " is spread, thus the thermal efficiency of steam turbine and/or the capacity usage ratio of fuel are significantly increased.

The purpose of the present invention eight is: on the basis of purpose one, improves all kinds of Diesel engine and/or petrol engine, reduces The temperature of combustion gas and pressure in their cylinder；Speed that gas to " single direction " spread is significantly increased simultaneously, thus greatly The thermal efficiency of amplitude ground raising diesel engine and/or gasoline engine and/or the capacity usage ratio of their fuel.

The purpose of the present invention nine is: on the basis of purpose one, improves all kinds of aircraft particularly supersonic vehicle, stop or The powerful resistance that produce and cause and/or the heating etc. of in high speed particularly supersonic flight shock wave are at least greatly reduced.

In the present invention, the technical scheme of purpose one is: along air motion in the passage that above-mentioned high temperature and high pressure gas spreads forward Direction one magnetic field is set, describe the effect in this magnetic field in detail referring to accompanying drawing.

See schematic diagram 1: in figure, 1 is above-mentioned gas its " source ".Oval 2 represent the gas constantly producing in this source.3 For guiding the passage that these gases spread forward or pipeline.3 can represent gun barrel or gun tube in such as firearms；Rocket engine, Air intake duct in jet engine, gas turbine, steam turbine, combustion chamber and nozzle, the cylinder etc. in internal combustion engine.

In figure, the long axis direction along 3 is X-axis, be perpendicular to X-axis for Z axis, the alphabetical Y representative on stain and its side and X Axle and Z axis are vertical and from the outside Y-axis of paper.Each fine rule with arrow represents the line of magnetic induction along X-axis positive direction.

Extremely many gas molecules because of fuel combustion or propellant powder outburst and/or suction are had in 1.So in the 1st, 2 regions, Density n of gas molecule is maximum.Then, gas molecule will be towards the X-axis positive direction diffusion of the arrow indication of resistance minimum.

According to " Inorganic-analytical Chemistry ", (Chen Rongsan, Huang Mengjian, Qian Keping compile.People's Education Publishing House February in 1978 1 edition, book number 13,012 0136) P46～47 understand: molecule has a class belong to " in whole molecule positive charge center of gravity with negative " nonpolar molecule " of charge centroid coincidence "；A class is also had to belong to " the pole that positive and negative charge centroid is misaligned in whole molecule Property molecule ".See " polar molecule " that gas source 1 in Fig. 1 produces performance in the magnetic field of Fig. 1 below first.

Fig. 2 is the view that X-axis positive direction is looked in Fig. 1.Oval 4 is a polar molecule；The stain of 4 central authorities is Mass centre's (being called for short " barycenter ", lower same) of molecule 4.In molecule 4 "+", "-" mark represent respectively in molecule 4 just, Negative electrical charge center of gravity.Understand according to ibid " Inorganic-analytical Chemistry " P49: " molecular polarity size is commonly used dipole moment and is carried out quantificational expression ... Dipolemomentμ is set for dipole electric charge q and the product of positive negative dipole spacing d, i.e. μ=qd." and positive negative dipole spacing in molecule 4 D is α with the angle of Y-axis.Numerous "×" represents the afterbody being perpendicular to paper and pointing to line of magnetic induction arrow in paper.Y-axis The bold-faced letter " V " on the arrow of negative direction and side thereof represents velocity (all vectors herein of whole molecule 4 translation All represent with overstriking letter).When molecule 4 is to Y-axis negative direction translation, positive and negative charge center of gravity therein "+", "-" will be with When acted on by Lorentz force in magnetic field, this power is:

$\stackrel{\→}{F}=q\stackrel{\→}{V}\×\stackrel{\→}{B}...\left(6\right);$

The letter wearing arrow in formula (6) is vector (lower same).F is Lorentz force, and V is the initial velocity of electric charge, and B is magnetic strength Answer intensity；Q is the carried charge of positive or negative electric charge.Owing to molecule is typically electroneutral, therefore its positive and negative quantity of electric charge is absolute It is worth equal.So, understand according to formula (6): Lorentz force F that positive and negative charge centroid is subject to₊And F_-Absolute value equal, flat Row, reversely and act on different straight lines；It is even (assuming that drive the couple that molecule 4 rotates clockwise that this is formed for a negative force For just).Under this force couple role, molecule 4 will be around its barycenter to start to rotate counterclockwise.Due to F₊And F_-The couple being formed Molecule 4 can only be made around the barycenter of oneself to rotate the direction that but can not change molecule 4 translational velocity V.So, no matter molecule 4 How to rotate, Lorentz force F that its positive and negative charge center of gravity is subject to₊And F_-To remain that the direction being parallel to Z axis is constant.

According to superposition principle of motion: although molecule 4 has had the motion rotating this new model, but due to its translational velocity The direction of V is constant all the time, then, it will be along the direction translational of original initial velocity V.This has occurred as soon as and has been similar to rigid body Translation add the resultant motion of rotation.And molecule 4 once rotates, just necessarily there is rotational kinetic energy.Its size is formula (7):

$E=\frac{1}{2}I{\mathrm{\ω}}^2...\left(7\right);$

In formula (7), E is energy, and I is rotary inertia when the barycenter of oneself rotates for the molecule 4, and ω is the angular speed rotating.

See Fig. 2: under the even effect of negative force, molecule 4 will rotate counterclockwise.The arm of force=dcos α due to couple；Once divide Son 4 rotates, and the angle α of the line d between positive and negative charge and Y-axis and the moment of couple are just as the change of cosine of α changes. Assuming that α=0 at the beginning, the moment of couple takes maximum qd because of cos0=1；But molecule 4 does not also rotate this moment, so carving ω₀=0. When α=pi/2, the moment of couple is 0 because of cos (pi/2)=0；And ω this moment is because α increases to power during pi/2 from 0 Even square continues work done and reaches maximum ω_max.Although the moment of couple during this is variable, but can be convenient from energy viewpoint Obtain this during the moment of couple to molecule 4 work: it be equal to molecule 4 rotational kinetic energy increment, i.e. formula (8):

$E=\frac{1}{2}I{{\mathrm{\ω}}^2}_{\max }-\frac{1}{2}I{{\mathrm{\ω}}^2}_0=\frac{1}{2}I{{\mathrm{\ω}}^2}_{\max }-0=\frac{1}{2}I{{\mathrm{\ω}}^2}_{\max }...\left(8\right);$

Having forwarded α=pi/2 to once molecule 4, it will enter the second quadrant of α ＞ pi/2 because inertia continues to rotate counterclockwise.That , the moment of couple immediately from 0 become drive molecule 4 rotate clockwise on the occasion of.And, at molecule 4 because inertia continues Continuous forward second to even during third quadrant, cos α ＜ 0 always.So, this positive moment of couple will make molecule 4 always There is clockwise angular acceleration β.Regardless of whether molecule 4 has much at the kinetic energy above rotating counterclockwise, there are enough angles Degree scope allows it be acted on by this positive moment of couple, until ω is from ω_maxIt is reduced to ω=0.And at ω from ω_maxIt is reduced to ω=0 During, the moment of couple will overcome rotational kinetic energy shown in formula (8) for the molecule 4 to make negative work to it.When ω again=0, Molecule 4 rotates clockwise immediately under the effect of this positive moment of couple, and gradually obtains rotational kinetic energy new in this rotation direction.

Equally, when molecule 4 moves clockwise to α=pi/2 in second even third quadrant, the rotational kinetic energy of its forward obtains Big value.Now, molecule 4 will proceed to first quartile because of inertia, and again be acted on by the negative moment of couple immediately, obtain simultaneously Angular acceleration-the β of one negative direction.And at molecule 4 because inertia is rotated into first even during fourth quadrant, cos α ＞ 0 always.Until its angular velocity omega rotating clockwise is from ω_maxGradually decrease to ω=0.And at ω from ω_maxIt is reduced to ω=0 During, molecule 4 is made negative work by the rotational kinetic energy that the negative moment of couple overcomes molecule 4 to obtain in rotation last time again.When ω weight When newly=0, molecule 4 rotates counterclockwise immediately, and obtains the rotational kinetic energy in this direction ... such iterative cycles.Obvious: α=pi/2 It is an equalization point.In this point, the Lorentz force that positive and negative charge is subject to is on same straight line, and its couple is 0.But once Having crossed this point, couple is not equal to 0.And the moment of couple always attempts to make molecule 4 rotate to this equalization point.This process Approximate one " rocking " motion: it has the characteristic of angle simple harmonic oscillation: angular acceleration is directly proportional to angular displacement, and in opposite direction.

In above-mentioned rotation process, make during the moment of couple molecule 4 accelerate rotate, when and make its underdrive.During these Input rotational kinetic energy will be needed and/or overcome old rotational kinetic energy and bring the transfer process of new rotational kinetic energy.But Lorentz force Not to electric charge work done.According to the conservation of energy: the rotational kinetic energy of molecule 4 and the transfer process of kinetic energy can only be from " oneself " other shapes Conversion or absorption in the energy of formula comes.Specifically, this energy can only come from the translational kinetic energy of molecule 4.So, molecule Although the direction of translational velocity V of 4 will not become, but its speed is because part translational kinetic energy is converted into rotational kinetic energy and have dropped！

As long as translational velocity V is more than 0, molecule 4 is just necessarily acted on by Lorentz force and the couple that causes thereof, makes molecule 4 Make " rocking " move and constantly consume its translational kinetic energy.During until V is equal to 0, act on Lorentz force on molecule 4 and Couple is just equal to 0.So far, the translational kinetic energy of molecule 4 is all exhausted, and becomes the even static molecule of minimum energy.

If the direction of the translation initial velocity V of molecule 4 is along the positive direction of Z axis.So, similar to Fig. 2 analysis can Know: two Lorentz forces F that it is subject to₊And F_-Still in YOZ plane, and being parallel to Y-axis, direction is still contrary.That , molecule 4 will carry out the translation similar to Fig. 2 while rocking and dissipating energy into the motion process of minimum of a value.

In the same way: any one polar molecule, as long as the direction of its translation initial velocity V is in YOZ plane, no matter at the beginning of The angle of speed V and Y-axis how, and it all acting on of magnetic field will produce down the translation similar to Fig. 2 in FIG While rocking and by the process of its energy ezpenditure to minimum of a value.

Below X-direction is also called " axially "；And the direction in the YOZ plane vertical with X-axis is also called " radially ".

Although according to Distribution Function of Maxwell Rate: in footpath, the translation initial velocity V of inside numerous molecules extends from 0 always To ∞.But understand according to formula (6): the Lorentz force that molecule is subject to is directly proportional to V.So, the fast molecule of translation initial velocity V is subject to The couple arriving is just big；Conversion process of energy as above is just fast.Otherwise, the couple that the slow molecule of translation initial velocity V is subject to is just Little；Conversion process of energy as above is just slow.Then, quick and translation molecule at a slow speed energy is finally depleted to minimum of a value institute The time phase difference needing is little.Visible, the translational kinetic energy difference of different translation speed molecules is reduced by magnetic field energy in Fig. 1 soon.

It must be emphasized that: it is oriented parallel to X-axis due to the line of magnetic induction.So, all along X-axis i.e. line of magnetic induction side Acted on all without by Lorentz force to the molecule of translation.They will keep its original speed along positive and negative two of X-axis Direction translational.Visible, there is the selection function of one " directionality " in magnetic field in Fig. 1 for the molecule of all translations.

The above be an initial motion mode be performance in the magnetic field of Fig. 1 for the molecule of translation.A referring to initial motion Performance in magnetic field for the molecule that mode is " rotation ".It according to the rotation of ibid " atomic physics " P257: molecule " is The unitary rotation of molecule.It is that rotary shaft is centrally and perpendicular to molecular axis by molecular mass to diatomic molecule rotation to be considered The rotation of (the internuclear line of atom).Rotation to many original molecules, if the symmetry of molecule is high, it is also possible to study.”

See Fig. 3: in figure, 5 is a polar molecule, it around its barycenter and shaft parallel in X-axis as shown in curved arrow in figure Direction rotate counterclockwise.Assuming that at the beginning, in molecule 5, the line between electric charge is parallel to Y-axis from positive to negative.V₊And V_-Point Positive and negative charge center of gravity initial velocity vector in tangential direction when Dai Biao not start to rotate.Once molecule 5 starts to rotate, positive negative electricity The loading heart is just simultaneously by Lorentz force F₊And F_-Effect.But because opposite charge, F₊And F_-Direction identical.So, As shown in the figure: this positive and negative charge center of gravity and whole molecule 5 all will be by F₊And F_-Lorentz force F of synthesis₁Effect.

With the rotation of molecule 5, speed V of tangential direction₊And V_-And F₊And F_-Direction also all with rotate.Such as Fig. 4 Shown in: as the line between molecule 5 forwards electric charge from positive to negative to and the angle α ＞ 0 of Y-axis, F₊And F_-Direction also with turn Same angle [alpha].By F₊And F_-Make a concerted effort F₂It is projected on Y-axis and Z axis.Visible: F₂Component F in Y-axis_2Y As the cos of angle α changes: at the beginning during α=0, F_2YMaximum；With the rotation of 5, F_2YIt is gradually reduced.When α=pi/2 When, F_2Y=0.After α ＞ pi/2, F_2YJust towards Y-axis negative direction.Meanwhile, F₂Component F on Z axis_2Z As the sin of angle α changes: at the beginning during α=0, F_2Z=0, with the increase of α, F_2ZIt is gradually increased.When α=pi/2 When, F_2ZReach maximum.After α ＞ pi/2, F_2ZValue be gradually reduced.This change can be described by a parametric equation:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\stackrel{\→}{F}}_{2Y}={\stackrel{\→}{F}}_2\cos \mathrm{\α}\\ {\stackrel{\→}{F}}_{2Z}={\stackrel{\→}{F}}_2\sin \mathrm{\α}\end{array}\right....\left(9\right);$

Formula (9) is a parametric equation of typical " justifying ".And according to Newton interpolation algorithm: acceleration a and directed force F It is directly proportional.So, by the both sides of formula (9) divided by the formula (10) of the quality m just available acceleration a of molecule:

What formula (10) represented is also a circle.Visible: molecule 5, will be in formula (9) while around its barycenter continuous " rotation " Under the effect of the acceleration shown in shown power or formula (10), newly increase a kind of curvilinear motion.Obviously, this curve newly increasing Consumed energy is also wanted in motion.But Lorentz force is not to moving charge work done, according to the conservation of energy: this of molecule 5 newly increases Energy required for curvilinear motion can only be changed from " oneself " original rotational kinetic energy or absorb.So, molecule 5 The rotating speed of rotation will slow down gradually, V₊And V_-、F₊And F_-And two component of F in their make a concerted effort F and formula (9) F_2YAnd F_2ZWill reduce and level off to 0 also with the increase of time.Meanwhile, moving of the curvilinear motion that molecule 5 newly increases Also can will be steadily decreasing and level off to 0.So, molecule 5 finally reforms into an even static molecule of minimum energy.

Say according to ibid " atomic physics " P269: " actually molecule is not rigid body, when turning fast, between two atomic nucleus Distance to become "；So, in molecule 5, distance d between positive and negative charge center of gravity can be because of the increasing of the centripetal force needed for its rotation Strengthen；And linear velocity is proportional to the radius of rotation.Then, under same rotating speed, V₊And V_-And F₊And F_-All will add Greatly.So, molecule 5 is converted into rotation by rotation and adds curvilinear motion and dissipate energy into the process of minimum of a value and also more can accelerate.

Because of radius one timing, linear velocity is proportional to angular speed.The linear velocity of the positive and negative charge of the fast molecule of molecule rotation just angular speed Also fast.And understand according to formula (6): the Lorentz force that linear velocity is subject to soon is just big, and the process of energy conversion is just fast.Otherwise, first angle speed The process spending slow molecular energy conversion is just slow.Then, the energy of the molecule of fast rotating speed and low-rotate speed is finally transformed into minimum of a value institute The time phase difference needing is little.Visible, the time difference that the molecular energy of different rotating speeds is depleted to minimum of a value by the magnetic field energy of Fig. 1 reduces.

The molecule rotating referring again to another kind: Fig. 5 is the view from Fig. 1 in terms of Z axis opposite direction: in figure, Z axis is perpendicular to paper Outside paper；Parallel with X-axis is numerous line of magnetic inductions.Ellipse represents a polar molecule 6, and it is around its barycenter and Z axis Direction as shown in curved arrow in figure rotates counterclockwise；Line between electric charge and the angle of X-axis are δ from positive to negative for they.Molecule 6 because rotating speed V making its positive and negative charge center of gravity produce tangential direction₊And V_-, then, positive and negative charge center of gravity will be simultaneously By Lorentz force F₊And F_-Effect.According to V in figure₊、V_-Understand with the direction of B: F₊And F_-All pros towards Z axis To, i.e. in figure two round dots mark be perpendicular to paper outwardly direction.So, molecule 6 will increase one newly while rotating Translation towards Z axis positive direction.Assume δ=0 at the beginning, then, speed V of the two tangential direction₊And V_-With magnetic induction Line is vertical, and molecule 6 is just by maximum Lorentz force F along Z axis positive direction₊And F_-.Thus on the basis of original rotation Newly increase one to move: i.e. the translation towards Z axis positive direction.With the rotation of molecule 6, speed V of tangential direction₊And V_- Direction also all with rotate.Definition according to formula (6) and vector product simultaneously sees Fig. 5: the process being gradually increased at angle δ In, two Lorentz forces F₊And F_-All the increase with angle δ is reduced.When angle δ=pi/2, F₊And F_-All=0.

See Fig. 6: in figure, layout is similar to Fig. 5.Now, molecule 6 forwarded to its from positive to negative the line between electric charge with Angle δ ＞ pi/2 (in figure shown in circular arc arrow) of X-axis.So, its positive and negative charge center of gravity is just born towards Z axis by two simultaneously Lorentz force F in direction₊And F_-, the arrow tail towards direction in paper that i.e. in figure, two "×" represent.But F₊And F_-Must Must first overcome molecule 6 inertia towards Z axis positive direction translation in the above-mentioned 0 ＜ δ ＜ pi/2 stage so that it is by a negative acceleration Degree, thus slow down until stopping translation, then the negative direction translation towards Z axis.This process enters after the second quadrant always from δ Last till that δ enters third quadrant.Molecule 6 is rotated further, after δ enters fourth quadrant, and F₊And F_-Just again transfer towards Z Axle positive direction.Also according to superposition principle of motion: molecule 6 constantly rotates, also constantly along Z axis positive negative direction back and forth Translation is i.e. vibrated.Obviously, the process that this translation and direction thereof constantly convert will need very big energy.Same because of Lip river logical sequence Hereby power is not to molecule 6 work done, then, the part that molecule 6 can only be turned kinetic energy is converted into this translation back and forth.That , its angular speed rotating will quickly decline.Meanwhile, kinetic energy and the amplitude of translation back and forth also will decline soon.…… This process is repeated continuously, and the energy of the energy of rotation and rotating speed and translation and the speed of translation and amplitude thereof also constantly subtract Little.Until the initial rotational energy of molecule 6 is exhausted, it reforms into that an energy value is minimum and almost static molecule.

Analyze performance in the magnetic field of Fig. 1 for the molecule vibrating below again.See Fig. 7: in figure, 7 is that a polarity is divided Son, its initial motion is vibration.According to ibid " atomic physics " P257: " diatomic molecule vibrates along axis ". The i.e. vibration of diatomic molecule is that between positive and negative electric charge, line moves with two kinds in opposite directions mutually away from each other in figure.Assume Vibration the upper half cycle, positive and negative charge center of gravity away from each other: such as V in figure₊And V_-It is respectively the velocity attitude of positive and negative charge center of gravity. So, according to the direction of B in figure and V₊、V_-Direction and q positive and negative understand: they will be simultaneously by Lorentz lorentz Two arrow F in power i.e. figure₊And F_-Effect and downward translation.And translation will need energy, due to Lorentz force not work done. So, the energy of this translation can only derive from the energy of former vibration.Then, energy and the amplitude of vibration are just therefore weakened. And in the lower half cycle of vibration, the mutual translation in opposite directions of positive and negative charge center of gravity.Also according to the direction of B in figure and new V₊With V_-Direction understand: positive and negative charge center of gravity will be simultaneously by two Lorentz forces F₊And F_-And upwards translation.But due to molecule 7 have had downward translation upper half is interim.So, first this Lorentz force upwards must overcome this flat downwards Dynamic inertia, makes molecule 7 have negative acceleration upwards and therefore slow down, until the speed of its downward translation is 0；But Can upwards translation.Obviously, in this course, the vibrational energy of molecule self will also be consumed so that it is amplitude reduces again.

Molecule 7 is due to self vibration constantly by Lorentz force upwards when then and downwards, and therefore it can only be put down at one It is perpendicular to direction of vibration translation by a small margin back and forth while vibration near weighing apparatus position.As long as molecule 7 also has vibration, just will be subject to To Lorentz force.As long as by Lorentz force, the portion of energy that molecule 7 just will repeat above-mentioned vibration is converted into translational energy Process.This process constantly repeats, the energy of the energy of vibration and amplitude and translation, the speed of translation and translation displacement Also it is steadily decreasing.Until the vibrational energy of molecule 7 is exhausted, it reforms into an even static molecule of minimum energy.

The amplitude of molecule is bigger and/or frequency is higher, vibrates initial V₊、V_-And F₊、F_-Also bigger.Vibration newly occurs Translation and to dissipate energy into the process of minimum of a value faster.Otherwise amplitude is less and/or frequency is lower, this transfer process is just Slower.Visible, the time difference that the molecular energy of various amplitude and/or frequency is depleted to minimum of a value by magnetic field energy in Fig. 1 reduces.

Although according to quantum mechanics: the energy value of molecule translation, rotation and vibration all can not consecutive variations but quantization i.e. can only Take several special values and change of jumping.But this has no effect on the transfer process of kinetic energy in above-mentioned various forms of motion.

Although energy is divided equally by the free degree, but due in above-mentioned Fig. 2～7 all of translation, rotation and vibration all by magnetic in Fig. 1 The suppression of field.Even if therefore molecular collision occurring between the these three free degree and causes the mutual phase transformation of motion mode.But no matter change Becoming which kind of motion mode, they all by being suppressed by magnetic field in Fig. 1, finally still will become the molecule of a minimum energy.

Additionally, " polar molecule " in above-mentioned " Inorganic-analytical Chemistry " does not limit the atomicity in molecule.In fact, nothing Opinion is diatomic molecule or polyatomic molecule, has the atomic nucleus of two or more positively chargeds and numerous in their molecule Electronegative electronics.When this molecule moves in magnetic field, the Lorentz force that all of positive charge is subject to is all equidirectional and flat Row.Thus with " synthesis of cocurrent and parallel power ", these power can be synthesized one to make a concerted effort；This application point made a concerted effort is exactly in molecule " center of gravity " of all positive charges.Equally, it is also possible to by " center of gravity " of one negative electrical charge of all negative electrical charges synthesis in molecule.Visible: Either diatomic molecule or polyatomic molecule, finally can synthesize the center of gravity of " two " positive and negative electric charge.Therefore, above-mentioned It is all general for the analysis result of each molecule in Fig. 2 to Fig. 7 for diatomic molecule or polyatomic molecule.

In sum: either diatomic molecule or polyatomic molecule；No matter they are translation, rotation or vibration, as long as The direction of movement velocity V of their positive and negative charges is parallel with B direction；Molecule would not be acted on by Lorentz force.Otherwise, As long as V direction is not parallel with B, just will be acted on by Lorentz force, thus be added a kind of new motion, and be consumed it The originally energy of motion.Until energy is finally exhausted, molecule reforms into an even static molecule of minimum energy.

Performance in " polar molecule " magnetic field in FIG has been analyzed above.So, again how nonpolar molecule？

According to ibid " Inorganic-analytical Chemistry " P52～53: " ... nonpolar molecule deformation polarization in the electric field.This Plant the dipole producing under external electric field induction and be called induced dipole." " not only extra electric field ..., polar molecule and ion are inherently It is electric field, also can produce these polarizations.So between molecule and molecule, between molecule and ion and between ion and ion, Polarization can occur mutually." " when polar molecule or ion and nonpolar molecule are substantial access to, polar molecule and Ion makes nonpolar molecule produce induced dipole, and and then creates attraction, here it is induction force." " each nonpolar point Rotation and the nuclear vibration of electronics in Zi often can make to occur between electron cloud and atomic nucleus the relative displacement of moment, thus produces Raw transient dipole, these transient dipole will make the transient dipole of adjacent molecule produce dipole polarization, then produce between heteropole Attraction, referred to as dispersion force.... intermolecular dispersion force is all the time in action." " molecular separating force is by ... directive force, Induction force and dispersion force are formed.... in above-mentioned three kinds of active forces, dispersion force is main.”

Comprehensive relevant information understands: the main fuel in eight big class devices is that (such as the kerosene in jet engine, in internal combustion engine for hydrocarbon Gasoline and diesel oil, the natural gas in gas turbine, liquefied petroleum gas, the kerosene in rocket and liquid O, liquid H and liquid O；Rifle Nitrocellulose in big gun or nitrocellulose add nitroglycerine etc.) and other a small amount of compounds (such as the perchloric acid in solid-rocket Ammonium, aluminium, iron oxide, polymer and epoxy hardener) etc..The mainly N sucking from the external world₂And O₂.Above-mentioned fuel combustion Product and the gas of suction include monoatomic molecules: H, O, N, Ar.Diatomic molecule: H₂、O₂、CO、N₂、 OH.Polyatomic molecule: CO₂、SO_x、H₂O、NO_xDeng.Polar molecule therein mainly has: H₂O、CO、SO₂Deng.

" http://wenku.baidu.com/link？Url=HV-hdegZ2_vTaEHD3e1_g1Ksc1MvYNmEFTZVXBrJi RI-x59HzoyqwpzjjSYi92gczfc4OSJ8ZYC25c9dH-p8sbYPTajcU0Xlk esc2grIq0q chapter 1 oil thing Property and composition " P39 says: in gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil, H/C atomic ratio is from 1.9～2.4.So, one C during hydrocarbon fuel Atom generates CO₂And/or while CO, about two H atom will be had to generate H₂O molecule.I.e. product generally has simultaneously The H of polarity₂O, CO molecule and nonpolar CO₂Molecule (in other little combustion products of accounting example also polarized with non- The molecule of polarity).Visible: polar molecule is at least the twice of nonpolar molecule quantity！So, nonpolar molecule will be by about " dispersion force " of " induction force " of the polar molecule of twice and/or ion and nonpolar molecule self is polarized.And once Polarized, Lorentz force that they are subject to when moving in the magnetic field of Fig. 1 and performance thereof just similar to above-mentioned polar molecule.

Understand from formula (6): molecule, absolute value | q | of positive and negative charge is bigger, and the Lorentz force that molecule is subject to is also bigger.Above-mentioned combustion The essential element burning in product has H, C, N and O, and their atomic number is respectively 1 and bigger 6th, the 7th, 8.And by Total charge dosage in the molecule of these elements composition will be bigger.The primary product CO for example burning₂In for 6+2 × 8=22 singly Position electric charge.H₂O is 2 × 1+8=10 unit charge.CO also has 6+8=14 unit charge.NO_xIn unit electricity Lotus amount is just bigger.Analysis according to above: diatomic molecule and polyatomic molecule then can be synthesized by cocurrent and parallel force method Respective positive and negative charge centroid.And the positive and negative charge amount that the quantity of electric charge that the two center of gravity includes is proportional in molecule.Obvious: Positive and negative charge amount is bigger, and the Lorentz force that molecule is subject to is bigger, and the effect of above-mentioned various magnetic fields suppression radial motion is also stronger.

In order to strengthen the rejection ability for gas molecule radial motion for the magnetic field, if desired, magnetic field in FIG adds one again It is perpendicular to the electric field in magnetic field.See Fig. 8: the 1st, the 2nd, 3 identical with Fig. 1 in figure.Add pair of electrodes in passage 3 Plate 8 and 9 (so can avoid the shielding to electric field of the conductor of passage 3 shell).The 8th, electrode 9 is connected on a direct current respectively On the positive pole 10 in source (eliminating this power supply in figure) and negative pole 11, them are made to be respectively provided with positive and negative charge；Thus in the channel Form an electric field.Figure is perpendicular to numerous lines with arrow of the line of magnetic induction for pointing to the power line of negative pole from the positive pole of electric field.

Due to the addition of this electric field, " nonpolar " molecule will be deformed polarization in the electric field at this, and forms " induction Dipole ".And polar molecule is especially because the effect of this electric field enhances its polarity.Both can make polarity and nonpolar molecule Positive negative dipole spacing d and dipolemomentμ increase, thus strengthen magnetic field for they various radial motion suppression effect.

Owing to the product of burning containing plasma (such as the gas etc. of rocket ejection) sometimes.Plasma just mainly includes Ion and electronegative electronics.Therefore be necessary to study the performance in their magnetic fields in FIG.

Seeing Fig. 9: this is the view that X-axis positive direction looks in Fig. 1, in figure, 3 is identical with 3 in Fig. 1.According to " " electricity Magnetics " Peking University Zhao Kai Hua Chenxi scheme, People's Education Publishing House's April in 1978 the 1st edition book number 13,012 0127 " on Volume P329 understand: the ion 12 of positively charged q in YOZ face with speed V₁₂During translation, by Lorentz force F₊Work With making this ion 12 rotate around the circle (the solid line circle with arrow in figure) that radius is R；R is determined by formula (11):

$R=\frac{m{V}_{12}}{\mathrm{qB}}...\left(11\right);$

From formula (11): when B mono-timing, charge-mass ratio q/m of ion 12 is bigger, speed V₁₂Less；12 circles rotating Radius R is less.When R little to a certain extent when, 12 just do not collide with the inwall of passage 3 all the time and form one when rotating Complete circle.Visible: all not with the ions of 3 collisions all without to 3 inner surface produce pressure macroscopically and temperature.

And the R of the ion that charge-mass ratio q/m is less and/or V is bigger is just big.If figure intermediate ion 13 is with initial velocity V₁₃During translation, Also due to Lorentz force F₊Effect, it should rotate with the bigger band arrow broken circle of radius in scheming.But because 3 deposit 13 just collide with it when forwarding the inner surface of 3 to.At the point of impingement 14, the speed to broken circle tangential direction for the ion 13 is V_13A.It is the definition of container unit area inwall normal pressure according to pressure, by V_13AIt is decomposed into the normal direction for inwall 3 center of circle Component velocity V_13AnWith tangential-velocity component V_13At.And only V_13AnMacroscopical pressure and temperature can be produced to the inner surface of 3.

In figure, 15 is its a radius R concentric with 3₁₅Radius R less than 3₃Circle.Understand according to being analyzed above: all centers of circle are positioned at In the circle of 15, its radius of turn R is less than (R₃-R₁₅) ion all will to be constrained on radius be R₃Circle in；Inwall 3 is not had yet Have pressure and temperature.And the only king-sized ion of minority speed still may collide the inwall of 3, produce pressure and temperature.

From formula (11): strengthen B and can reduce the radius R that ion rotates to a great extent, and the reduction of R means that and touches Hit the number of ions of passage 3 inwall to account for the ratio of population of ions and decline significantly, thus can reduce ion pair to a great extent The collision of the inwall in 3 and produce pressure macroscopically and temperature.This also can be considered as the magnetic confinement of a kind of plasma.

According to ibid " electromagnetism " first volume P329: ion swing circle T is unrelated with speed V of ion and radius of turn R, it may be assumed that

$T=\frac{2\mathrm{\πm}}{\mathrm{qB}}...\left(12\right);$

So, understand according to formula (11) and (12): all have identical charge-mass ratio q/m but the different cation of speed V all will be with Identical cycle T but different radius R " synchronize " to rotate.So, the magnetic field in Fig. 1 just can be by translation in YOZ plane Ion all become same period T but the different circular motion of radius R；Thus avoid colliding with each other between them.

The power being subject in the magnetic field in FIG such as the anion in plasma and/or electronics is contrary with cation, but they Completely similar to above-mentioned cation of performance in magnetic field in Fig. 1；Here just do not repeat.

In a word: in the magnetic field of Fig. 1, the negative ions in plasma for the pressure of container inner wall 3 and temperature all by decline.

Knowable to formula (2): the temperature " only " of perfect gas depends on average " translation " kinetic energy of gas molecule.And according to " energy Amount presses free degree principle of equipartition " understand: inside container, average " translation " kinetic energy of gas molecule be everywhere equal i.e. " respectively to The same sex ".But after adding the magnetic field in Fig. 1, all energy along the gas molecule of radial direction translation all quickly become Minimum of a value and remain this minimum of a value.So, the macro-temperature of gas will be put down because of the average of gas molecule diametrically Kinetic energy takes minimum of a value and takes minimum of a value, thus forms " anisotropy " of a kind of unprecedented gas macro-temperature！

Knowable to formula (3): because temperature T occurs in that " anisotropy ", then, also will there is phase in the pressure p being directly proportional to T Same anisotropy: i.e. the pressure p of gas will be preferably minimized value on the direction be perpendicular to X-axis.Then, " big in purpose one Amplitude ground reduce fluid molecule for be perpendicular to fluid macroscopic view flow direction on pressure and temperature " purpose just reach.

Knowable to formula (4), (5): once pressure p declines significantly, the mean free path of moleculeAlso must with diffusion coefficient D To increase significantly.So, the speed that molecular population spreads towards X-axis positive direction also will increase significantly！

But, if also having the factor stoping diffusion to exist, can magnetic field eliminate their impact or at least weaken？

According to " basic " volume two P60 " chapter 10 one-dimensional steady high-velocity tube stream ": " under the hypothesis of one dimensional flow ... permitted The pipeline flowing using on multiple-project, such as supersonic wind tunnel, jet engine, rocket engine, preliminary calculating can be used One-dimensional facture." " basic " volume two P75 says, when the air-flow in jet engine is through combustion chamber, it is thus achieved that the mistake of amount of heat Journey belongs to " nonadiabatic pipe stream "." basic " volume two P80 says, the hollow powder column in solid-rocket has the gas that burning produces when burning The process that weight is added belongs to " the pipe stream of variable-flow ".Visible: eight big class devices all exist the one-dimensional steady of air-flow High-velocity tube stream.And these pipe streams are often by following several resistances:

" basic " first volume P7～9 are said: " real fluid is all sticking.... hampering plate, towards left movement, is referred to as friction Resistance." to analyze by the theory of molecular motion the reason that cause this frictional force further below be that the molecule of different aspects has different momentum. It when the molecule of different aspects passes through the vertical AA interface investigated, is just carried to respective momentum in different aspects, thus shape Become the exchange of momentum.And " unit interval is friction stree τ by the such momentum-exchange of unit are at AA interface ".

" basic " first volume P144～145 are said: " turbulent flow is the motion of a kind of irregular of fluid micellar, is somewhat like the heat of molecule Motion, but it does not moves in units of molecule, it moves in units of micelle.The size of micelle ... belong to In macro-size magnitude ... turbulent flow is intended to catabiotic (being finally all changed into heat energy by the effect of viscosity) ... Much bigger than in laminar flow of shear stress in Wen Liu.”

" http://baike.baidu.com/link？Url=s14aYJO0GLAfiIWppVv5oWVYP8c1PR0v3eYdBpIeR9u ZOI2p0CgeE0GStw8QH_ALFMYz2KhnNcFM3eaC6F8Zza shear stress " say " stress can be analyzed to ... The component being tangential on cross section is referred to as ' shear stress '.Act on the external force on component two sides make a concerted effort be a pair equal in magnitude, In opposite direction, the horizontal concentrated force of position close proximity." " basic " first volume P7 says: friction stree τ is " for faster That layer of gas is one in fact and opposes that flow drags the power pulled ...；Slow for lower floor in turn For air-flow, this power is that a following current is to the power drawn forward ".Have one in shear stress and friction stree τ To " equal in magnitude, in opposite direction, the horizontal concentrated force of position close proximity ".Visible both power is closely similar.

" basic " volume two P4～5 are said: " if flow process occurs in that friction or other irreversible procedure (as ... swash Ripple).... friction makes the mechanical energy of flowing become heat energy ... friction reduces the availability of energy.”

" basic " volume two P14 says: " in pipeline flowing, often assume that whole air-flow is adiabatic, but air-flow and pipe Friction between friction between wall and each layer air-flow be can not ignore.”

" basic " volume two P67 says, " air-flow is always pressed with very big loss through normal shock wave ... ".

" basic " volume two P90 says: in boundary-layer and in shock wave, " velocity gradient of normal direction is very big, and thermograde is also big, viscous Property and heat transfer are only can not ignore." " basic " volume two P175 says: " in high speed boundary-layer, the effect of heat transfer is not Negligible.At this moment energy equation must the energy (friction stree work done, pressure work(and conduction heat) of all forms all Include.... the heat transfer between tiny gas group, say from mechanism, the same with the transmission of momentum (it causes viscous force) All caused by molecular motion.Molecular motion causes the transmission of quality；Quality, with the kinetic energy of macroscopic motion, causes momentum Transmission (generation viscous force)；When the quality that temperature differs is intercoursed, just cause the transmission of heat energy, i.e. heat transfer.So There is direct relation between thermal conductivity coefficient κ and viscosity μ." pass that is still deduced between κ and μ by the theory of molecular motion below Respective heat, when still showing that different aspects have the molecule of different heat vertically to pass through investigated AA interface, is just taken by system Take in different aspects, thus define the exchange of heat energy.

In sum: " motion of a kind of irregular of fluid micellar " and shear stress in frictional force that viscosity causes, turbulent flow, Frictional force that in boundary-layer and shock wave, viscosity causes and heat transfer have gas molecule at " being perpendicular to " air-flow macroscopic view flow direction On motion, and cause the exchange of momentum, heat, quality, thus cause the loss of above-mentioned several negative power and energy.

Magnetic field energy in Fig. 1 greatly suppresses the radial motion of all molecules in air-flow macroscopic view flowing, will shut out from " fundamentally " Greatly weaken absolutely or at least the momentum between each molecular layer, heat, the transmission of quality and exchange.From basic and microcosmic Eliminate or at least greatly weaken the radial motion in the motion of fluid micellar irregular in the frictional force, turbulent flow that viscosity causes With the frictional force in shear stress, boundary-layer and shock wave and heat transfer.All these negative effects are eliminated or is at least minimized！

Owing to eight big class devices having the One-Dimensional flows of fluid.Therefore, this all of negative effect is eliminated or at least The effect that they are attenuated to minimum is common for eight big class devices.Add above-mentioned molecule mean free pathAnd diffusion The increase of coefficient D；The speed that molecular population spreads will be greatly enhanced towards required X-axis positive direction.

See the speed of diffusion again: understand according to Distribution Function of Maxwell Rate: when the temperature increases, describe major part molecular motion " most propable speed " will move to two-forty direction.But, the speed of molecule translation has great difference: speed is from 0 one Directly extend to ∞.Due to this greatest differences of molecule speed in X-direction, they will collide with each other along X-direction.

Hypothesis according to the theory of molecular motion: the collision between gas molecule is all " perfectly elastic impact ".And according to " basic physics handbook " (Soviet Union and, Wang Wenliang writes. the Inner Mongol People's Press in February, 1984 second edition, book number 7,089 195) P70～71 understand: If quality is respectively m₁And m₂Molecule, each with initial velocity v₁And v₂Motion.When their collision rift, there is a formula (13):

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{v_1}^{\′}=\frac{(m_1-m_2)\·v_1+2m_2{v}_2}{m_1+m_2}\\ {v_2}^{\′}=\frac{(m_2-m_1)\·v_2+{2m}_1{v}_1}{m_1+m_2}\end{array}\right....\left(13\right)$

V in formula (13)₁' and v₂' it is respectively m₁And m₂The speed of collision rift.Visible:

If 1 m₁=m₂, then have: v₁'=v₂；v₂'=v₁.Exchange velocity after two molecular collisions i.e. identical in quality: Molecule at a slow speed accelerates；And quickly molecule is slack-off.

If 2 m₂＞ ＞ m₁, then have v₁′≈-v₁；v₂′≈0.I.e. molecule m₁Collide the molecule of quality manyfold bigger than it m₂After；Molecule m₂Motionless, molecule m₁Bounce-back is gone back.But specifically, in the eight big aflame gas molecules of class device not May there is macromolecule；It is also impossible to the great molecule of molecular weight being made up of heavy metal atom.Therefore this situation there's almost no.

If 3 v₂=0, i.e. molecule m₂Static before the collision.As those originally towards after radial direction translation, rotation and vibration by magnetic field Suppress and almost static molecule, if they are by the molecule m along X-direction translation₁Collision, then have a formula (14):

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{v_1}^{\′}=\frac{(m_1-m_2)v_1}{m_1+m_2}\\ {v_2}^{\′}=\frac{{2m}_1{v}_1}{m_1+m_2}\end{array}\right....\left(14\right)$

From formula (14): the molecule m of collision rift₂Along molecule m₁Direction translational before collision, speed is v₂′.And molecule m₁With speed v₁' translation, both (m of poor quality are depended in its direction₁-m₂), can just can bear.

It is also understood that: in FIG under magnetic fields, original molecular thermalmotion cause desultorily to all directions The motion of molecule and collision will become moving and colliding (putting down of the i.e. radial direction in other directions of the molecule along the positive and negative both direction of X-axis Move, rotate and vibrate and all curbed by magnetic field).Add gas source and constantly emerge in large numbers the gas molecule making new advances, cause edge The density contrast of X-axis positive direction.So, gas molecule " will spread " constantly along the positive direction of X-axis.These towards The high-energy of X-axis positive direction diffusion and highdensity gas molecule not only can collide molecule static after being suppressed by magnetic field；Also can be right The situation 1 of formula (13) is slowed down because of collision exchange speed, even in formula (14), some are because of the heterodromous molecule of collision rift again Secondary collision makes it move towards X-axis positive direction after obtaining new kinetic energy.And originally divide towards the fraction of X-axis negative direction diffusion Son also will be transferred to move towards X-axis positive direction by the collision of these molecules towards X-axis positive direction high-speed motion.

Owing to the collision of this several classes is all perfectly elastic, although the kinetic energy of molecule has been transferred at a slow speed and/or static from rapid molecular Molecule on, but " gross energy do not have loss " that molecule is overall！Add viscous friction, turbulent flow in radial motion and The negative effects such as the frictional force in shear stress, boundary-layer and shock wave and heat transfer have all been suppressed to minimum of a value.So, gas " source " The all of gas molecule producing will be in mean free pathMaximum with diffusion coefficient D and all negative effects stoping diffusion Should spread towards the required i.e. X-axis positive direction in " single " direction with possible maximum speed under minimum " optimum condition ". Then, purpose once in the purpose of " fluid being significantly increased towards the speed of required macroscopical flow direction diffusion " reach.

It has to be noted that A, as above " transport phenomena with regard in gas " are described: though low to 0 DEG C of temperature, air molecule Mean Speed also can reach more than 400 meter per seconds of velocity of sound.As long as and molecule has motion, just will be by the Lip river in magnetic field in Fig. 1 Logical sequence hereby power effect.Visible: the magnetic field in Fig. 1 also has " suppression radial direction for the gas of " normal temperature and pressure even low-temp low-pressure " Temperature and pressure and not only axial diffusion is not inhibited and can be liberated " effect (below by this effect referred to as " suppression Radially liberation is axially ").So, in addition to above-mentioned all kinds of high temperature and high pressure gas are considered as gas " source ", it is also necessary to by gas The definition in " source " expands to the normal temperature and pressure even scope of low-temp low-pressure.Such as jet engine to suck substantial amounts of air, this A little air were exactly normal temperature and pressure before not compressed by compressor.Aerial at height, the air of suction is exactly low-temp low-pressure. When aircraft moves, gas molecule will fly over towards aircraft with relative high speed.Above-mentioned during these, this several classes Gas is obviously all gas its " source ".In the same way: though due to any higher than absolute zero, air pressure be more than 0 and gas be Molecule in the no gas having macroscopic motion has warm-up movement；Therefore, they all should become gas its " source ".

B, evidence " A " are described: by the definition extension of element in Fig. 11 i.e. gas " source ": gas " source " 1 includes that burning is produced Raw gas and/or the gas of normal temperature and pressure head-on sudden from the external world sucks and/or aircraft moves and/or low-temp low-pressure.

Although in C Fig. 1, the line of magnetic induction in magnetic field is parallel with the long axis of passage 3, and in the inside of passage 3.But it is comprehensive Formula (6) understands with to the analysis of Fig. 1～7: as long as the line of magnetic induction is parallel with the trace of air-flow or streamline or included angle X ＜ pi/2, gas Molecule in body just will (certainly, λ be closer to 0, magnetic by the effect of " suppression radially liberation axially " of Lorentz force This effect of field is stronger).Regardless of whether at magnet where the line of magnetic induction.So, in the same way: any profile and/ Or the magnet (such as permanent magnet, electromagnet, superconducting magnet etc.) of material, the line of magnetic induction no matter they produce tubular, bar shaped, Or the magnet of any other profile is internally and/or externally；As long as the line of magnetic induction is parallel with the trace of air-flow or streamline or angle λ ＜ pi/2, gas molecule wherein all can be by the effect in magnetic field " suppression radially liberation is axially ".

D, evidence ibid " electromagnetism " first volume P279 understand: a cylindrical magnet, and its outside line of magnetic induction extends from N pole To S pole, " but moving towards N pole from S pole in inside "；And form some the substantially parallel line of magnetic inductions.Visible, nothing Opinion is tubular Generalized Electromagnetic body or tubular broad sense permanent magnet (as described below), and its internal line of magnetic induction is substantially parallel.

It E, is back to discuss magnetic field conditions between two or more bar-shaped magnet below.See Figure 10: figure has two Bar-shaped magnet 16 and 17, their N pole and S pole are collectively aligned parallel to each other.Outside 16 and 17, the magnetic of each magnet The line of induction (with the curve of arrow) points to S pole outward expansion from the N pole of magnet.But the line of magnetic induction how between 16 and 17 ?？According to " http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/download/explain.php？Fileid=25343844 Chinese University of Science and Technology electricity Magnetics courseware chapter 5 " P25 " magnetic field superposition theorem " has: if there being the magnetic field induction that the electric current of p individualism produces Intensity is respectively B₁、B₂、…B_p, when this p electric current do not change its CURRENT DISTRIBUTION simultaneously in the presence of magnetic induction density B be:

$\stackrel{\→}{B}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{p}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\stackrel{\→}{B}}_i...\left(15\right);$

Understand according to formula (15): in the presence of while two bar-shaped magnets, it is strong that the magnetic induction intensity between them is exactly each magnet magnetic induction The superposition of degree, so that the B between them increases, this results in line of magnetic induction increase in density；The line of magnetic induction is made to extrude mutually And trend towards parallel to each other so that each line of magnetic induction meet the line of magnetic induction in " C " bar parallel with the trace of air-flow or streamline or The requirement of included angle X ＜ pi/2.In the same way: be arranged parallel to each other if had in multiple bar-shaped magnet such as Figure 10.So, at it In the middle of, the line of magnetic induction in several cylindrical magnet being similar to passage 3 in Fig. 1 will be formed flat with the trace of air-flow or streamline Row or the region of included angle X ＜ pi/2.In that region, suppression can be played equally to gas molecule and radially liberate axial effect.

Although F Figure 10 is a plane, but its expansion must be understood as three-dimensional.I other words: with Figure 10 paper Also there is numerous magnetic induction meeting " line of magnetic induction parallel with the trace of air-flow or streamline or included angle X ＜ pi/2 " on perpendicular direction Line." suppression radially liberation is axially " can be played a part equally to gas molecule.

Although the gas passage 3 in G Fig. 1 is cylindrical shape, but it is not limited to this profile.In actual applications may Non-cylindrical section (rectangle of such as the fighter plane even air intake duct of other profiles) occurs.If but as long as being formed therein The dry bar line of magnetic induction is parallel with the trace of air-flow or streamline or the line of magnetic induction of included angle X ＜ pi/2, just still can produce and " press down gas System radially liberation is axially " effect.Therefore, it should passage 3 is extended to " tubulars in all cross sections ".

After H, the line of magnetic induction once flow out the space of above-mentioned tubular and/or bar-shaped magnet, magnetic field non-immediate disappear, but by Flaring dissipates and weakens.So, in the same way: from any magnet, gas molecule out all will be by magnetic field on certain distance Effect to their " suppression radially liberation is axially "；Thus because inertia continues on axial high speed diffusion one segment distance of magnet.

Magnet in I, Fig. 1 and all of characteristic thereof are not only for gas, and are also suitable for liquid.Liquid also can flow, Particularly also polarized molecule in liquid: such as " n-butanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, acetic acid, glycerine, acetonitrile, first Alcohol, hexamethyl phosphoramide, formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, formamide, water, TFMS " etc.；Select from “http://baike.baidu.com/link？Url=oxqM7i_KKcevsyb52_2sKvhYXL7NOQBSzg1bXsIvuIrnk5Bx K0pzheLjCaVVxWG_ polarity ".These molecules also can be by " suppression radially liberation be axially " in the magnetic field of Fig. 1 Effect.Therefore, the magnet in Fig. 1 and all characteristics thereof are all applicable for " fluid " including liquids and gases.

The problem being back to discuss the 9th class aircraft below:

As above " A ", " B " are described: the flowing of the high temperature and high pressure gas producing although such as not burning in the surface of aircraft, But there are the normal temperature and pressure even air-flow of low-temp low-pressure to flow through.So, in this course, there is also that above-mentioned " viscosity causes Frictional force, the shear stress in turbulent flow, the frictional force in boundary-layer and shock wave and heat transfer " etc. the device high-speed motion that socks in Factor.Then, multiple magnet is arranged abreast along air-flow macroscopic view flow direction as shown in Figure 10 on the surface of aircraft.That , described in " C, D, E " as above, air-flow will be played suppression and radially liberate axial effect by the magnetic field of each magnet.

But, can magnetic field suppress even to eliminate " shock wave " resistance in aircraft supersonic flight and the heating causing thereof？

" basic " volume two P11 says: " a small pressure wave in gas ... its spread speed is all identical ... So just represent the spread speed of small sample perturbations in aerodynamics with velocity of sound." below P12 also discusses at one ten Dividing in long pipe, a piston against gasses produces faint disturbance.And point out disturbance part and be undisturbed the interface of part For " wave surface ".It is further assumed that be intact gas on the right of wave surface, and clearly assume this intact " gas molecule There is no the motion of macroscopic view, speed v₁=0." " basic " volume two P27 research " the division Mach cone of the faint perturbing area of § 1 " Say: " assuming that non-moving air.The motion disturbing source has four kinds of situations ....The motion disturbing source once reaches velocity of sound or exceedes velocity of sound, The Mach cone of description is existed on flow field ...." " piston is in long tube for " basic " volume two P34 " § 3 shock wave " section hypothesis Compressed gas ... be provided with a very long straight tube, the left end of pipe has a piston.In pipe, gas is former is static.”

Visible: to be all built upon above for the derivation of " wave surface in velocity of sound, disturbance, Mach cone and shock wave " that " gas does not has Have macroscopic motion speed=0 " hypothesis on the basis of.Really, owing to the warm-up movement of gas molecule is isotropic, and this Warm-up movement typically will not form air-flow macroscopically, only can form temperature and the pressure of gas, therefore such hypothesis is rational.

Magnetic field energy in Fig. 1 change " gas does not has macroscopic motion " it is assumed that and such as aircraft can be solved to a great extent Exceed the problems such as heating during velocity of sound and/or drag due to shock wave on object to its speed in air agitation！Its principle labor is as follows:

First, aerodynamics will " medium regards reached fluid as, it is assumed that more cloth everywhere in the space occupied by medium This medium, and no longer have space ... since we have employed the concept of continuous media, a molecule certainly can not be taken For, and for a fritter medium must be taken, the medium of such one piece of trace we be named ' micelle '." (select from " basic " First volume P3～4).Such hypothesis is no doubt beneficial to research.But, in fact, gas medium is not " reached ", But have extremely many disconnected from each other, usual interactions just to have synergistic gas molecule when only colliding.

2nd, understand according to " basic " volume two P34～35: the condition one of Shock wave is to have a work in a very long straight tube Plug compressed gas, and " in pipe, gas is former is static ".Condition two be this piston compressed gas cause local gas pressure, Temperature, density and velocity of sound increase.Therefore, the gas against piston caught up with before gas, ultimately formed pressure, temperature With the rising of density jumping, thus define shock wave." after shock wave is once formed, it may proceed to certain speed v₁(must More than a₁) advance to the right.The gas that every shock wave is inswept, pressure is immediately by p₁Rise to as p₂, temperature and density rise to respectively For T₂And ρ₂.Meanwhile, the speed of tiny gas group be also the formula that rises to become certain a certain size vg from 0.This it is to say, Shock wave is above advancing, and tiny gas group has certain follow-up speed later." additionally, " basic " volume two P13 has a velocity of sound formula:

$a^2={\left(\frac{\mathrm{dp}}{\mathrm{d\ρ}}\right)}_s={\mathrm{\γ}}_{\mathrm{perf}}\frac{p}{\mathrm{\ρ}}={\mathrm{\γ}}_{\mathrm{perf}}\mathrm{RT}...\left(16\right);$

In formula (16), a is velocity of sound, γ_perfFor constant pressure specific heat C_PWith specific heat at constant volume C_vRatio, its subscript " perf " expression is " complete Full gas "；γ_perfBeing a constant, R is universal gas constant, and T is absolute temperature.Visible: velocity of sound a withIt is directly proportional. But, once have aircraft disturbance and have compressed gas, making the temperature of gas and pressure raise；Magnetic in Fig. 1 will be immediately exposed to Field, for the suppression of molecule radial motion, greatly reduces temperature T and the pressure of air-flow radial direction；Greatly limit the velocity of sound of locality A, and then fundamentally stop compressional wave and catch up with gas above from behind；Even can eliminate the formation of shock wave from " at all ".

3rd, according to " http://wenku.baidu.com/browse/downloadrec？Doc_id=90dab5ef0975f46527d3e156& Shock wave " is said: shock wave " thickness is very little, and only one thousandth is to ten thousand/millimeter." and as above described in " H " bar: any The magnetic field of magnet can extend to its magnet outside space, and on this spatial peripheral one segment distance gas molecule produce " press down System radially liberation is axially " effect.Visible: the operating distance in magnetic field or sphere of action are considerably beyond the thickness of shock wave.

4th, owing to magnetic field is with light velocity propagation, then, in magnetic field, all of molecule " simultaneously " will be suppressed Radial Solutions by magnetic field Put axial effect, not free poor.If using or adding permanent magnet (as described below), just there is not the time difference.

5th, according to the analysis to formula (13) and (14): the suppression in magnetic field is radially liberated under axial effect, will have numerous Molecule is to the positive and negative bidirectional-movement of X-axis.And " energy is divided equally by the free degree " causes the molecular ratios to the positive and negative bidirectional-movement of X-axis Identical.But understand according to Distribution Function of Maxwell Rate: the speed of molecule extends to ∞ from 0.Assuming that aircraft is to X Axle positive direction is flown, but will have numerous will not more than the molecule of aircraft speed to the motion of X-axis positive direction and its speed Disturbance by aircraft.And it only is less than aircraft speed towards X-axis negative direction with to the motion of X-axis positive direction and its speed Gas molecule just can be by its disturbance.This reduces the gas molecule by aircraft disturbance and account for the ratio of molecule sum.

Six additionally, once aircraft disturbance gas cause gas density to rise, will be formed gas towards X-axis positive direction expand The trend i.e. internal cause dissipating.In other words, this disturbance will form " source " that a gas spreads towards X-axis positive direction；Again Plus the external cause of magnetic field liberation axially-movable, " the macroscopic view diffusion " that will form gas towards X-axis positive direction moves.

7th, due to the factor of Article 6, " integrally " of the gas molecule spreading towards X-axis positive direction will be strengthened further Movement rate, thus reduce the ratio that the gas molecule by aircraft disturbance accounts for molecule sum further.

8th, " basic " volume two P37 says: " speed for gas for the shock wave is relative velocity." due to, the 6th, seven articles Point out that air-flow will be at a relatively high speed to the macroscopic view flowing of X-axis positive direction；So, aircraft is for the relative velocity of air-flow Will " greatly decline ".Aircraft has thus greatly been delayed to exceed velocity of sound and form the process of shock wave；Possibly even occur Although aircraft has very high absolute velocity without there is supersonic speed！Thus also can stop the formation of shock wave from " fundamentally ".

9th, " basic " volume two P38～39 are said: " when only object moves with the speed of Supersonic, just generation shock wave.At this moment disturbance Having little time to pass to go before object, the tiny gas group on road does not has prior warm-up, and object to be waited until is flushed to front, Just compressed, thus bulk gas can be caused to be compressed.... when object is with hypersonic motion, comparatively speaking, gas Simply as not having mobility, air micelle is directly head-on made to aircraft simply as solids." but as above Described in " five to eight " bar: owing to there being a high proportion of speed to exceed the positive direction macroscopic view fortune of the molecule of aircraft speed towards X-axis Dynamic；So, the gas molecule that they will be numerous before " in advance " conflicting flight device, makes them travel forward.Thus give this A little molecules one " preparation " so that they are become, by " having little time ", the disturbance that " being able to do in time " meets aircraft.Thus very Mitigate the compression process for tiny gas group when aircraft arrives in big degree；And then make aircraft can successfully cross over velocity of sound And/or the restriction of shock wave.And reduce the heating in supersonic speed even hypersonic flight and/or drag due to shock wave to a great extent.

Tenth, it one is because macro-temperature and the pressure of magnetic field Inhibitory molecules radial direction；Two are because that a plurality of factor can suppress very above To the thorough formation eliminating shock wave；Three is knowable to formula (3): gas pressure intensity is proportional to density and the temperature of gas.Four is as above " five To eight " described in bar: owing to there being a high proportion of speed to exceed the molecule of aircraft speed already towards the diffusion of X-axis positive direction；That , near aircraft, the density of gas molecule will greatly reduce, and these factors can greatly reduce the temperature before aircraft.

In sum: carry-on magnet can suppress the shock wave even eliminating in supersonic flight and the heating causing thereof really.

Magnetic field in Fig. 1 be similar to one close around endless solenoid in magnetic field.According to ibid " electromagnetism " first volume P290 Understand: the magnetic induction intensity in (assuming that its major axis is along an X-direction) endless solenoid is formula (17):

B=μ₀OI…(17)；

μ in formula (17)₀For the magnetic conductivity in vacuum, O is the number of turn in coil unit length；I is the current strength in coil.From Formula (17) is visible: the magnetic induction density B in this solenoid is unrelated with coil radius and axial coordinate.I.e. B is everywhere in coil Its sizes values uniform will not become with the changes in coordinates of radius and X-axis.And if electric current I does not also change, then, B exists It is also steady on time.I.e. in solenoid, B is uniformly constant on room and time, and this is the first magnetic field.

Described above: this first magnetic field energy produces the effect of " suppression radially liberation is axially " to gas molecule.But in order to enter one Step accelerates macroscopical flow velocity of air-flow, on this basis, in the present invention it is further proposed that the second magnetic field: according to ibid " Atomic Physics Learning " P58 says, one has the magnet of magnetic moment ψ and can experience power f in uneven magnetic field:

$\stackrel{\→}{f}={\mathrm{\ψ}}_x\frac{d\stackrel{\→}{B}}{\mathrm{dx}}=\mathrm{\ψ}\frac{d\stackrel{\→}{B}}{\mathrm{dx}}\cos \mathrm{\θ}...\left(18\right)$

ψ in formula (18)_xFor component in the X-direction of magnetic field for the magnetic moment；DB/dx is along the change of magnetic direction magnetic induction density B Gradient, θ is the angle between magnetic moment and magnetic direction.When θ is less than 90 °, power f is towards the direction of B.According to ibid " former Muon physics " P191 says: " the null atom of every total magnetic moment or molecule all show diamagnetism；Total magnetic moment be not equal to zero former Son or molecule displays paramagnetism.... it is decided by the situation of the total magnetic moment of molecule by the material of molecular composition." ibid " Atomic Physics Learning " P196 says: " being learnt that nitrogen is diamagnetic by experiment, oxygen is paramagnetic.”

Composite type (18) and discussion above understand: the molecule of total magnetic moment ≠ 0 can be by towards magnetic field ladder in the non-uniform magnetic field of space Degree strengthens the thrust in direction.So, being different from the first magnetic field just has spatially non-uniform i.e. magnetic induction density B along X-axis Positive direction enhanced " the second magnetic field ".In this magnetic field total magnetic moment ≠ 0 molecule will therefore and towards X-axis positive direction motion.

The second magnetic field energy on the basis of the first magnetic field " suppression radially liberation axially " further " actively " by total magnetic moment The molecule of ≠ 0 promotes forward.And these molecules being promoted by magnetic field force will collide those total magnetic moment=0 from microcosmic and not be subject to The molecule that this second magnetic field " directly " promotes travels forward, from the diffusion velocity macroscopically further speeding up molecule entirety.

Air is mainly nitrogen and oxygen, owing to jet engine sucks and the O in the air of aircraft contact₂It is paramagnetism 's；And the combustion product of eight big class devices also necessarily has some paramagnetic molecules.So, O₂Molecule and all paramagnetisms Molecule all by the thrust by the second magnetic field, and then go to collide the N not promoted by the second magnetic field₂With other burnings And/or diamagnetic molecule in the gas sucking." accelerate " molecule totally towards the speed of X-axis positive direction diffusion further.

And as the analysis of Fig. 9 is understood: also can be by collision inwall in negative ions along X-axis positive direction enhanced the second magnetic field The ratio that the ion of 3 accounts for population of ions gradually decreases along X-axis positive direction；Thus gradually decrease their macroscopical pressure and temperature.

In sum: magnetic field is radially liberated axial effect for fluid molecule suppression and is directly directly proportional to magnetic induction density B.As Fruit can increase substantially B, just can complete suppression within the time short as far as possible and radially liberate axial effect.But B to be improved, Understand according to formula (17): one is number of turn O improving in coil unit length；But the raising of O to be subject to such as winding volume, weight Restriction etc. factor.Current strength I improving in coil also can improve B, but I can not ad infinitum increase；Because coil electricity After heating to cause the intensity of its continuous current I that can bear be limited.The method one solving is in the case that condition is permitted, Increase cooling system for coil；Two is to use superconducting magnet；Three is that the continuous current I in coil is become pulse current.

Figure 11 is relation i (t) of current strength i in coil and time t: at each T of pulse₁Time has heavy current i_max； And each T₂Current strength in time is 0.Certain T₂In time, current strength also can be for less than i_maxSmaller value, i.e. scheme In phantom line segments i_min.Due to each T₂Current strength i more weak even 0, each T in time₂Time just allows coil radiating and cooling. And at each T₂In time, gas molecule will move forward because of inertia.If adding permanent magnet (as described below), that , magnetic field is by sustainable existence；And each T in pulse₂In time, however it remains the magnetic induction density B of permanent magnet_{Permanent magnetism}?.

Comprehensive scheme above is visible, has the magnetic field of several form: one is time and spatially all stable magnetic field.Two is the time Upper stable but spatially as described in formula (18) along X-axis positive direction gradually enhanced magnetic field.Three is spatially stable but such as Figure 11 The magnetic field of upper pulse of described time.Four is the magnetic field spatially gradually strengthening the upper pulse of time simultaneously along X-axis positive direction.

Magnetic field in what formula (17) above described is an endless solenoid.But, the impossible endless of solenoid, but work as When its length L is far longer than its diameter of phi, formula (17) also approximates establishment.Visible, in actual applications, it should as much as possible Increase the ratio L/ Φ of solenoidal length and diameter.Otherwise, have in limited time in solenoidal length L, it should reduce it straight as far as possible Footpath Φ, so could form uniform and powerful magnetic field therein, and this is scheme one.

But, in many application scenarios, ratio L/ Φ suffers from that the length of jet pipe is shorter and it such as is relatively large in diameter at factor Restriction.In order to adapt to these occasions, use scheme two: see signal Figure 12: in figure, 3 is identical with Fig. 1；19 are Several minor diameter tube of magnetic forces arranged side by side as sizable in the L/ Φ ratio in Fig. 1 parallel to each other.Before having before these tube of magnetic forces Panel 18, has the horn mouth of multiple guiding air-flow on 18, each horn mouth is connected with the air admission hole of each minor diameter tube of magnetic force. Also there is the rear board 20 for connecting and fixing each tube of magnetic force below.Each tube of magnetic force is distributed evenly on the disc of front and back panel.

If the tube of magnetic force 19 is long and rigidity not enough, it is also possible to increase several fixed panels in front and back panel 18 and 20.

Figure 13 is the A direction view in Figure 12.As seen from the figure: have 7 tube of magnetic forces to be distributed evenly on the circle of front panel. In concentric circles, 7 large-diameter circular are the horn mouth on front panel 18, and 7 small-diameter circulars are the endoporus of the tube of magnetic force 19.

Figure 14 is also for the A direction view in Figure 12.As seen from the figure: 7 large-diameter circular on front panel in Figure 13 18 are changed Having become the i.e. favose air-flow guiding tube of 7 large scale regular hexagons, there is the endoporus of the tube of magnetic force 19 of 7 minor diameters centre.

Figure 15 is the B direction view in Figure 12.As seen from the figure: on rear board 20, have 7 equally distributed holes, for propping up Support and/or fix 7 small diameter circular tube of magnetic forces 19.

When the very big air-flow of diameter enters fashionable from front panel 18, they are guided by each circular or orthohexagonal horn mouth and distribute In numerous minor diameter tube of magnetic forces 19, thus the suppression producing the magnetic field identical with Fig. 1 radially liberates axial effect.

Additionally, as shown in figure 16: also the some minor diameter tube of magnetic forces 19 can be densely aligned the pipeline a major diameter In 3, and on front and back panel 18 and 20, also dense distribution numerous apertures, to accommodate numerous tube of magnetic forces 19.Meanwhile, front Panel 18 also has the effect guiding air-flow, only allows air-flow to pass through from numerous minor diameter tube of magnetic forces 19.

Figure 17 is the C direction view of Figure 16: demonstrate large-diameter pipeline 3 front panel 18 numerous apertures in dense arrangement Numerous minor diameter tube of magnetic forces 19.

Equally, when the very big air-flow of diameter enters fashionable from front panel 18, they are conducted directly to by numerous apertures on front panel 18 In the respective minor diameter tube of magnetic force, thus the suppression producing the magnetic field identical with Fig. 1 radially liberates axial effect.

It has to be noted that Figure 12～17 are schematic diagram, in many application scenarios, the shape of breather line 3 has square, rectangle Not even rule shape.Therefore, the shape of the minor diameter tube of magnetic force 19 arranged side by side also can have such as square, rectangle is not even regular Shape.And, their quantity and arrangement mode also to change according to specific circumstances and correspondingly.In a word, its purpose is exactly will The distribution of air flow of major diameter is in the very big minor diameter tube of magnetic force 19 of numerous L/ Φ ratios.

In order to form the magnetic field in Fig. 1, both passage 3 and/or figure can be wrapped in Generalized Electromagnetic body and/or broad sense permanent magnet The outside of multiple minor diameter tube of magnetic forces 19 arranged side by side in 12～17；Also Generalized Electromagnetic body and/or broad sense permanent magnetism system can directly be used Become multiple minor diameter tube of magnetic forces arranged side by side in passage 3 and/or Figure 12～17.As above " D " is described: in these cylindrical magnet , there are some the substantially parallel line of magnetic inductions from S pole to N pole in portion.

It is described above the technical scheme of purpose one.Certainly, also need to be equipped with relevant with all kinds of electromagnets all when being embodied as Such as power supply, switch, circuit, control part；The parts such as the cooling system of superconducting magnet also to be equipped with even as required.

Owing to the profile having many devices in purpose two to purpose seven is similar with principle, therefore their technical scheme is merged and introduces:

The main distinction of the firearms in the purpose of the present invention two and the cannon in purpose three is the bore of their barrel, therefore they are altogether With technical scheme be: the rifle including Metal Storm Weapon System, big gun barrel outside be surrounded by columnar Generalized Electromagnetic Body and/or broad sense permanent magnet, or directly replace original barrel with columnar Generalized Electromagnetic body and/or broad sense permanent magnet.

And this four big class device of the purpose of the present invention four to purpose seven be there is a need to enter the gas molecule in air-flow by the present invention Row suppression is radially liberated axial parts and is segmented into a few class:

The L/ Φ value of the first kind is little and (substantially) does not has other parts in pipeline.Such as rocket engine, rocket projectile, punching Jet pipe in hydraulic motor (wherein in addition to a section has stator), after-burner, pulse-knocking engine；Turbojet, Gas pipeline in jet pipe in turbofan, turbo-propeller, turboaxle motor, gas turbine, combustion chamber and steam turbine.

The technical scheme of the first kind is: is surrounded by Generalized Electromagnetic body and/or broad sense permanent magnet outside all kinds of passages, and/or directly uses this Two kinds of magnets make these passages, and the above-mentioned multiple arranged side by side minor diameter tube of magnetic force 19 is also distributed as required in passage.

The L/ Φ value of Equations of The Second Kind is little but has other parts in pipeline.In above-mentioned four kinds of jet engines and gas turbine Air intake duct has compressor.Punching press and scramjet engine have cone stator；The by-pass air duct of fanjet there is fan etc..

The technical scheme of Equations of The Second Kind is: is surrounded by Generalized Electromagnetic body and/or broad sense permanent magnet outside passage, and/or directly uses both magnetic Body makees these passages.To in passage without being distributed multiple minor diameter tube of magnetic force 19 arranged side by side at other parts with seizing every opportunity.And will Punching press and scramjet engine stator magnetizing.

3rd class is the blade of multiple guiding air-flows of equidistantly distribution: such as entering in above-mentioned four kinds of jet engines and gas turbine Gas and export orientation blade, compressor stator, burner inner liner swirler, turbine nozzle vane, Turbomachinery；Nozzle of steam turbine, Dividing plate and fixed blade ring etc..

The technical scheme of the 3rd class is: replace blade by blade magnetization and/or with broad sense permanent magnet and/or Generalized Electromagnetic body.

In above-mentioned all kinds of scheme, an electric field as shown in Figure 8 can be increased with the license of space as required.

It is exactly more than the technical scheme of the purpose of the present invention four to purpose seven.

The purpose of the present invention eight be achieved in that by the pit of Diesel engine and/or petrolic cylinder head bottom surface and/ Or cylinder jacket magnetization；And/or the cylindrical shape position of spark plug is extended, and/or cylinder is extended and reduces its diameter；These are rear two years old Person is beneficial to form the field regions that at, L/ Φ value is very big.

The purpose of the present invention nine is achieved in that and is arranged in parallel along air current flow direction a plurality of magnet at aircraft surface.

It must be emphasized that: " aircraft " in the present invention is not limited to aircraft, rocket, guided missile, rocket projectile, shell etc. Scope.Also automobile, the train run at high speed can be included；Even include hydrofoil, the aircushion vehicle etc. run at high speed.In a word, Every object moving in an atmosphere, whether in the air, ground or the water surface, as long as its speed is close to even more than velocity of sound, Can to produce air-flow suppression radially liberation axial action with the magnetic means similar to Figure 23,24 (as described below).

Beneficial effects of the present invention makes introductions all round as follows:

High temperature and high pressure gas and/or normal temperature and pressure even low temperature that burning can be produced by the technical scheme in the purpose of the present invention one are low The all negative motions radially of gas molecule of pressure are all attenuated to minimum, thus gas are greatly reduced for vias inner walls Macroscopical pressure and temperature；The requirement of the aspects such as intensity for channel material, thickness and cooling will be greatly reduced.With When reduce the resistance hindering molecule to the diffusion of required " single " direction significantly, the entirety that will be greatly enhanced air-flow expands Dissipate speed, make air-flow spread to required direction with possible maximum speed.If adding the second gradient magnetic to divide fluid The active impetus of son, will further speed up air-flow.And, magnet is ripe technology, simple in construction, R&D cycle Short, low cost, it is not necessary to the nine big extensive Overall Reconstructions of class device；But the effect of " high repayment of low input " can be obtained.

Realize that the purpose of the present invention two can be significantly increased the initial velocity of all kinds of firearms bullet, range, kinetic energy and injure power.Special Can not increase substantially and all kinds of injure power compared with small-caliber small arms bullet, make what they exceeded common heavy caliber bullet to injure power.Very Such as armored target is injured to what the bullet that can realize small-caliber small arms in the past cannot realize.Otherwise, also can therefore reduce Propellant powder and the volume and weight of shell case, thus improve the quantity of the bullet that can accommodate in the magazine of unit volume exponentially.

Realize that the purpose of the present invention three can be significantly increased the initial velocity of all kinds of Canon launching bullet, range, kinetic energy and injure power. Give full play to the cannon technology of the powerful chemical energy of propellant powder and " ripe ", it is achieved " VETERAN SHOOTERS IN TSINGHUA " and " be not magnetic artillery victory Like magnetic artillery " effect！Volume at cannon increases hardly, the volume of required power supply and capacity are far smaller than ordinary electromagnetic On the basis of big gun, " catching up from behind " surmount that various countries are researching and developing huge and heavy, power consumption big and delays to equip All kinds of magnetic artillery of army.Also will increase exponentially because of velocity of shot bring its kinetic energy to increase square hastily therewith thus can For anti-plate armour, and/or the beyond-visual-range attack to target outside hundreds of kilometer, and/or over the horizon air defense, it is used for tackling high-performance and fly Machine, cruising missile, guided cartridge and guided bomb etc.；Its cost will be well below all kinds of air defence missiles.Even can be with this kind of Cannon replaces costliness to a certain extent and the not high anti-missile system of hit rate carries out the anti-ballistic of latter end even midcourse trajectory guided missile With for anti-satellite.Common rocket needs to prepare for a long time to launch satellite, and launching site is fixed, survivability difference.This Invention can utilize this kind of cannon with low cost and often change transmitter site and launch (little) satellite at any time, is quickly substituted in war Under attack and all kinds of satellites that lost efficacy in striving.Also its survivability will be greatly enhanced because of the mobile flexibly of transmitter unit.

" basic " volume two P67 says, " stagnation pressure on nozzle then determines the flow velocity finally spraying to jet engine, is directly certainly Determine thrust." realize the purpose of the present invention the 4th, five and six can be significantly increased all kinds of solid-rocket and liquid-propellant rocket engine, Rocket projectile, flame thrower, punching engine, after-burner, pulse-knocking engine, supersonic combustion punching type start In machine, turbojet, turbofan, turbo-propeller, turboaxle motor and gas turbine air-flow jet velocity and/or The specific impulse of all kinds of rockets.Also they flying speeds consume same fuel on the premise of and/or voyage can be significantly increased. Reduce their combustion chamber and/or the pressure of jet pipe and temperature significantly；Reduce to manufacture combustion chamber, jet pipe and solid-rocket The requirement of the aspects such as the material of the material of shell and thickness, intensity and cooling, thus also reduce their cost.

It can be significantly increased the speed of the rocket carrying same fuel and/or their thrust and/or penetrating under the same load Journey.Also diameter and the volume of rocket and/or guided missile can be dramatically reduced on the premise of same thrust can be provided, allow same straight The transmitting tube in footpath accommodates more rocket and/or guided missile.It can increase substantially penetrating of all kinds of ballistic missile and/or cruising missile Journey, the journey that shortens be intermediate range even remotely, change intermediate range be intercontinental missile.Or for same guided missile, it can be significantly increased The pay(useful) load that can carry, becoming single bullet into multiple warhead or increases multiheaded quantity and/or equivalent.Improve its deterrent force, Contribute for safeguarding peace.It also can be significantly increased carrying capacity, specific impulse, speed and the pay(useful) load of all kinds of carrier rocket.

It also can be significantly increased the voyage of all kinds of aircrafts particularly fighter plane on the premise of consuming same fuel.Even can be because of This and eliminate for slow in action and need a large amount of warship to protect but still be easily subject to the dependence of aircraft carrier attacked！

It also can be significantly increased capacity usage ratio and/or the power output of gas turbine fuel.

" basic " volume two P61 says: " promote steam turbine with steam.Needing high velocity air, flow velocity is more high better.”

Owing to the working medium in the pipeline of steam turbine and conveying steam is all highly polar H₂O molecule, they are more susceptible to magnetic The suppression of field radially liberation axial action.So, it is achieved the vapor wheel function in the purpose of the present invention seven increases substantially conveying and steams The jet velocity of steam in the pipeline of vapour and steam jet.Efficiency and the fuel availability of steam turbine will be significantly increased.

Realize that the Diesel engine in the purpose of the present invention eight, gasoline engine function are significantly increased burning gases and expand in cylinder The speed dissipating, is significantly increased the capacity usage ratio of fuel.Reduce cylinder bore diameter to pressure and temperature；Reduce " tail gas band The interior energy walked "；Reduce the material to cylinder and thickness, intensity and cooling etc. to require.Even there will be one and do not need water-cooled Or at most have only to air-cooled and volume is little but brand-new gasoline engine that power output is bigger than the internal combustion engine of same volume and diesel engine.

Realize all kinds of aircrafts in the purpose of the present invention nine, rocket, guided missile, shell, rocket projectile；High speed car, train；High The speed swiftly passing object such as hydrofoil, aircushion vehicle.Resistance multiplication and the heating that such as shock wave causes can be alleviated to a great extent Etc. unfavorable factor.Even can realize the supersonic cruise under relatively low oil consumption, lower resistance and low heating！

Brief description

Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of the object of the invention one.

Fig. 2 is performance figure in the magnetic field shown in Fig. 1 for the polar molecule of a translation.

Fig. 3 is one and encloses performance figure in the magnetic field shown in Fig. 1 for the polar molecule turning about the X axis.

Fig. 4 is the performance figure that the polar molecule of the rotation identical with Fig. 3 turns over after certain angle in the magnetic field shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is one and encloses performance figure in the magnetic field shown in Fig. 1 for the polar molecule turning about the Z axis.

Fig. 6 is the performance figure that the polar molecule of the rotation identical with Fig. 5 turns over after certain angle in the magnetic field shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is performance figure in the magnetic field shown in Fig. 1 for the polar molecule of a vibration.

Fig. 8 is on the basis of Fig. 1, increases the schematic diagram of pair of electrodes plate in passage 3.

Fig. 9 is ion being subject in the view looking over along X-axis positive direction in Fig. 1 of two positively chargeds having different initial velocity Power situation and movement locus thereof.

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the line of magnetic induction between the magnet of the equidirectional arrangement of adjacent two south poles and distribution thereof.

Figure 11 is relation i (t) figure by current strength i of Generalized Electromagnetic body coil and time t.

Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of several minor diameter tube of magnetic forces arranged side by side parallel to each other being enclosed within a major diameter passage.

Figure 13 is the A direction view in Figure 12, has the tubaeform wireway of major diameter of several circles in figure.

Figure 14 is also the A direction view in Figure 12, wherein has several tubaeform wireways of orthohexagonal major diameter.

Figure 15 is the B direction view in Figure 12, wherein has the rear board of fixing multiple minor diameter tube of magnetic force.

Figure 16 is that the some minor diameter tube of magnetic forces are densely aligned the schematic diagram in a large-diameter pipeline.

Figure 17 is the C direction view of Figure 16, shows the situation of some minor diameter tube of magnetic force dense arrangement.

Figure 18 is the general schematic diagram increasing a Generalized Electromagnetic body electric switch and action thereof in machinery firing lock of rifle, big gun.

Figure 19 is the schematic diagram of the general electromagnetism firing lock of rifle, big gun.

Figure 20 is the principle schematic of the inside increase magnet of solid-rocket.

Figure 21 is the schematic diagram of the multiple minor diameter tube of magnetic force arranged side by side of inside arrangement of Laval nozzle.

Figure 22 for making the cylindrical gas access diagram much larger than its diameter for its length by sparking plug for internal combustion engine or atomizer.

Figure 23 is the schematic diagram that the aircraft surface such as guided missile and/or rocket arranges magnet.

Figure 24 is the schematic diagram that aircraft surfaces arranges numerous magnet.

The content of Fig. 1～17 had been introduced above；The content of Figure 18～24 will be explained below introducing.

Detailed description of the invention

The purpose of the present invention one is implemented, and understands according to " http://www.baike.com/wiki/ magnet ": have " solenoid, Helmholtz coil, electromagnet, bit magnet, permanent magnet, pulsed field magnet, superconducting magnet " totally seven kinds of magnets；Additionally Be magnetic coating and/or magnetic paint etc..In this eight kinds of magnets above-mentioned, " permanent magnet " and " magnetic coating or magnetic paint " is without consumption Electricity, therefore they are referred to as " broad sense permanent magnet ".And remaining six kinds " solenoid, Helmholtz coil, the electricity being required for power consumption Magnet, bit magnet, pulsed field magnet, superconducting magnet " is then referred to as " Generalized Electromagnetic body ".

Do not limit the source i.e. species of magnet of magnetic in the formula (15) with regard to " magnetic field superposition ", also do not limit permissible The quantity of the magnet of superposition.So, in force, can be used alone the one in above-mentioned eight kinds of magnets.When needs strengthen magnetic During induction, on the premise of technology and locus are permitted, can be with " solenoid, the Helmholtz in Generalized Electromagnetic body Two kinds in coil, electromagnet, bit magnet, pulsed field magnet, superconducting magnet ", three kinds of even multiple all of magnet can " combination " of energy is superimposed as above-mentioned four kind magnetic field.Equally also can use " permanent magnet " and " magnetic coating or magnetic paint " combination Become before in above-mentioned four kinds of magnetic fields two kinds.Four kinds of magnetic fields can also be become by this two classes magnet combination, a combination thereof mode such as form one:

Form one: the magnet types in four kinds of magnetic fields of composition and combinations thereof mode

" S broad sense permanent magnet " in table represents magnetic induction density B along the enhanced permanent magnet of X-axis positive direction.To this end, use B is enhanced successively to be arranged along X-axis positive direction successively such as ferrite lattice, alnico magnet, samarium cobalt magnet, ndfeb magnet Row.Also can be with the magnetic field painting formation gradient along the enhanced magnetic coating of X-axis positive direction or magnetic of different magnetic induction intensity.

The number of turn that " S Generalized Electromagnetic body " represents this electromagnet coils is heterogeneous, i.e. the number of turn edge of coil in unit length The positive direction X-axis is gradually increased, thus is formed and spatially gradually strengthen along X-axis positive direction and i.e. have the magnetic field of gradient.

" P Generalized Electromagnetic body " represents the impulse form that the electric current in Generalized Electromagnetic body is in above-mentioned Figure 11.

" S and P Generalized Electromagnetic body " represents this kind of Generalized Electromagnetic body is that in unit length coil turn is along X-axis positive direction gradually Along the enhancing of X-axis positive direction, electric current therein is the impulse form in above-mentioned Figure 11 to increase i.e. magnetic induction intensity.

When broad sense permanent magnet and the combination of P Generalized Electromagnetic body occur, owing to there being the magnetic field sustainable existence of broad sense permanent magnet, will go out In existing Figure 11 when in P Generalized Electromagnetic body, electric current is 0, magnetic induction intensity now remains as the B more than 0_{Permanent magnetism}It is worth.

Eight kinds of above-mentioned magnets, and " S broad sense permanent magnet ", " S Generalized Electromagnetic body " " P Generalized Electromagnetic body ", " S and P broad sense Electromagnet " is all general for the gas passage 3 and Duo Gen of the major diameter minor diameter tube of magnetic force 19 arranged side by side.

Further, since " alnico magnet ... operating temperature may be up to more than 600 DEG C ".Select from " http://baike.baidu.com/link？Url=VfeiTHbBDkjBm73WdltIRRxnSshI3KSswQzeS9FbXVUQc9L GV59JfC3ZH2x_KG-X magnet ".And have been proven that in magnetic field in FIG above, the radial temperature of air-flow and pressure Good general declines significantly, as long as therefore temperature be less than 600 DEG C, permanent magnet just can keep its magnetic.

The embodiment of the firearms in the purpose of the present invention two and the cannon in purpose three is had something in common: including that Metal Storm is military Device system interior rifle, big gun barrel outside be surrounded by all kinds of cylinder magnets as described in form one；Or directly by barrel magnetic Change, or manufacture barrel with all kinds of magnetic materials described in form one and combinations thereof.

It is all pulse operation due to firearms, in the time only shot, just need magnetic field.In order to improve the magnetic induction in barrel Intensity, on the basis of using broad sense permanent magnet, it is likely that Generalized Electromagnetic body simultaneously to be added, but the power consumption of also the latter to be saved Amount.So, just with the electric current in the switch control rule Generalized Electromagnetic body with the firing lock synchronization of firearms: the only time in percussion In, just by above-mentioned " S " or " P " or " S+P " type Generalized Electromagnetic body energising.In order to realize this purpose, there is several scheme:

Scheme one is mechanically: the mechanical firing lock of firearms and one can the electric switch of Synchronization Control Generalized Electromagnetic body be connected: While percussion, Generalized Electromagnetic body is energized.After percussion finishes, trigger is resetted by spring, Generalized Electromagnetic body also power-off simultaneously.

Seeing Figure 18: in figure, 21 is a trigger, the rotating shaft that 22 is trigger, 23 is the electric switch of a Generalized Electromagnetic body. In figure, solid line is the usual position of trigger；When pulling trigger 21 and firing, it rotates to the dotted line position in figure around rotating shaft 22, Contact simultaneously and connect electric switch 23, Generalized Electromagnetic body is energized.After shooting finishes, trigger 21 is in the effect of the mechanisms such as spring Under, it is returned to original position, make electric switch 23 disconnect simultaneously, then Generalized Electromagnetic body is with regard to power-off.

Scheme two is directly to drive striker mechanism with electromagnet.See signal Figure 19: in figure, 24 is a top cover, and 25 is one Sleeve；26 is a firing pin with step, and 27 is a compression spring；28 is a solenoid electromagnet；29 is one Protecgulum.Replace the mechanical firing lock of firearms with this covering device.When needing percussion, electric switch energising makes electromagnet 28 be energized simultaneously Attract firing pin 26 while overcoming spring 27 thrust, make firing pin 26 stretch out outside protecgulum 29, percussion primer.In this process i.e. figure The position of 26A shown in dotted line.The electric switch of electromagnet is with the electric switch synchronization of control Generalized Electromagnetic body energising: same fire When, allow Generalized Electromagnetic body be energized.Percussion terminates rear electromagnet 28 and the power-off simultaneously of Generalized Electromagnetic body, and then, firing pin 26 is at bullet It under the effect of spring 27, is returned to position shown in solid.Top cover the 24th, sleeve 25 and protecgulum 29 contain electromagnet and guiding The effect of firing pin 29 motion.Mechanism shown in Figure 19 is general for rifle, big gun, simply both sizes difference.

Scheme three is to replace machinery firing lock with electric ignition.According to " http://lt.cjdby.net/thread-293790-1-1.html ten thousand An ancient unit of weight is thundered, and I checks on-cannon breech breech block type and structure " say, cannon " percussion lock can be divided into mechanical type and electric ignition type Two kinds.... the latter ignites the fire in a stove before fuel is added with electric current heating wire ".And cannon particularly elbow type cannon, also use electric ignition. So, the switch synchronization by these electric ignition devices and Generalized Electromagnetic body: while electrically-fired, open opening of Generalized Electromagnetic body Close, make barrel has magnetic field；Once igniting terminates, and just disconnects the switch of Generalized Electromagnetic body, to save electric energy.

Certainly, above-mentioned three kinds of firearms are required for be equipped with the relevant parts such as the power supply of Generalized Electromagnetic body, control, circuit.

For " Metal Storm Weapon " system, owing to its own has electronic circuit and electronic switch control bullet to launch successively, therefore Electric switch synchronization by this electronic switch and control Generalized Electromagnetic body energising.Magnetic field is had to occur while to realize and launching every time.

Described above: device similar in the purpose of the present invention four to purpose seven divide into three major types, further below by purpose In four to purpose seven, the embodiment form two of all similar devices represents:

Form two: the embodiment of all devices in purpose four to purpose seven

Some supplementary notes with regard to form two:

First, with regard to air intake duct: have one section there is no parts due to before the air intake duct of above-mentioned all kinds of jet engines and gas turbine Hollow ring.Therefore under conditions of space and/or weight allow, arrange the single cylindrical magnet of major diameter and/or many wherein The individual parallel minor diameter tube of magnetic force.The air of the normal temperature and pressure entering and/or low-temp low-pressure obviously can be played the role of positive by magnet.

2nd, with regard to solid-rocket, Figure 20 is the schematic diagram of a solid-rocket section.31 is protecgulum；32 is shell；33 It is hollow cylindrical fuel；34 is blast tube；35 is the cylinder magnet of a porous.Magnet is wrapped with porous insulation material Material, with the high temperature of the air-flow that isolation flows into from four circumference centers.Magnet is permanent magnet or the S permanent magnet having many passages above； Or the common Generalized Electromagnetic body of (be enclosed within a porous soft magnetic materials outer) or S Generalized Electromagnetic body；The latter can make magnetic induction strong Degree gradually strengthens along rocket caudal directions.There is gap between the adjacent wires of both Generalized Electromagnetic body coils, combustion gas can be allowed to lead to Cross these gaps and flow to 34；After again to jet pipe 36 jet.30 igniters including rocket and the electricity of two kinds of Generalized Electromagnetic bodies Flow switch and the power supply relevant with magnet and control part, the cooling-part etc. of necessary superconducting coil.This switch and rocket Ignition switch synchronization: while rocket firing deliver to electric current in Generalized Electromagnetic body.The gas flow center of circle that igniting produces is passed through Passage on magnet enters in the magnetic field of magnet, then to the diffusion of jet pipe 36 direction.Due to magnet can greatly Inhibitory molecules and/ Or the high temperature and high pressure of ion radial direction, therefore, the temperature entering air-flow in magnet 35 is relatively low so that magnet can keep its magnetic.

2nd, with regard to liquid rocket: the liquid fuel for cooling spray pipe can be simultaneously used for cooling superconducting magnets.

3rd, with regard to convergent diver gent nozzle (i.e. Laval nozzle), seeing Figure 21: 37 is Laval nozzle, and one is by jet pipe Itself magnetization or manufacture jet pipe with magnetic material.Two is simultaneously multiple such as Figure 12～17 in its supersonic nozzle section distribution Shown in the minor diameter tube of magnetic force 19.Each tube head is combined closely with the curved surface within jet pipe 37, allows as much as possible and above enters The gas coming enters in each tube of magnetic force 19.

4th, the second jet pipe: radially liberate axial owing to there is suppression in magnetic field to air-flow, gas molecule can be allowed to single side To motion and also will not be to radial dilatation.Then the equal or shape that extends hardly before and after just magnetic jet pipe being made diameter.

5th, the third combustion chamber and jet pipe: during the combustion chamber of above-mentioned all kinds of engines is directly connected to into such as Fig. 1 with jet pipe Body, after so connecting both, the total length of magnet extends, and strengthens L/ Φ value, is beneficial to accelerate air-flow.

6th, the combustion chamber in fourth, fifth and jet pipe are equally distributed multiple such as the minor diameter tube of magnetic force in Figure 12～17.

7th, the combustion chamber with regard to jet engine: for single tube, endless tube and toroidal combustion chamber, common embodiment is: Magnet is wrapped up on the inner-outer sleeve of these three combustion chamber and burner inner liner；Or inner-outer sleeve and the fire of combustion chamber is directly manufactured with magnetic material Flame cylinder.When allowing in space, burner inner liner is arranged the many minor diameter tube of magnetic forces 19.Certainly, all of magnet and coil thereof The passage outside burner inner liner must be avoided, pass flame cylinder etc..This scheme is all same or similar to deflector type and reverse-flow type toroidal combustion chamber.

9th, the multiple blades guiding air-flows with regard to equidistant distribution: as described in Figure 10 and " E " bar: multiple N poles and S The line of magnetic induction that the bar-shaped magnet being collectively aligned extremely parallel to each other can make between them in gap is distributed with being substantially parallel to each other.

Tenth, with regard to the steam inlet pipe road etc. on the pipeline of steam turbine in steam turbine and boiler room conveying steam and steam turbine: as above institute State, every pipeline having steam to pass through, it all should be made to magnetize.Mode one is to replace the original work carrying steam with magnetic pipeline Manage；Two is by original working steel tube magnetization.Three is (if the conditions permits such as diameter), at defeated vapour inner tube and steam turbine Steam inlet pipe is installed the above-mentioned minor diameter tube of magnetic force 19 multiple arranged side by side；And make its line of magnetic induction along the long axis direction of pipeline.

The embodiment of the internal combustion engine in the purpose of the present invention eight is: all magnetize cylinder head and the cylinder of internal combustion engine.For dry type Cylinder jacket, is magnetized after manufacturing with the material that can be magnetized；Also directly can be manufactured it with permanent-magnet material.Can also by this two Plant and wrap up a columnar Generalized Electromagnetic body again outside cylinder jacket, outside this magnet, also have a protection set；Again by this " enlarged-diameter Cylinder jacket " is assembled in cylinder block.For integrated cylinder, after the hole in cylinder block is expanded, then by above-mentioned " enlarged-diameter Cylinder jacket " be assembled in cylinder block.For wet liner, magnetize by three kinds of modes identical with above-mentioned dry liner； It and make its protection be cased with water-proof function, then is assembled to this " cylinder jacket of enlarged-diameter " in cylinder block.Certainly, if as With magnet, cylinder is made to be no longer necessary to by water-cooled or have only to air-cooled；That also just it doesn't matter wet liner.

If this device is used Generalized Electromagnetic body, except being equipped with in addition to electromagnet power supply, circuit etc., the switch of electromagnet must also with send out The power stroke synchronization of motivation: open the electric switch of electromagnet while gasoline engine plug ignition or diesel nozzeles oil spout.

In order to strengthen magnetic field, there is mode two: see signal Figure 22: the spark plug in cylinder head or atomizer are extended into one section Diameter is very little and length much larger than its diameter i.e. L/ Φ than very big cylindrical gas passage 39, and select the magnet in form one to exist Passage 39 produces magnetic field.It is the atomizer 38 of the spark plug of gasoline engine or diesel engine above gas passage.40 is cylinder head, 41 is cylinder jacket, and 42 is piston ring；43 is piston；The four-headed arrow of piston upper represents pumping of piston 43. When piston 43 upwards compressing inflammable mixture gas, gaseous mixture that will simultaneously in pressure channel 39.Radius due to passage 39 All very little with capacity, therefore the impact that its existence declines for gaseous mixture compression ratio is very little.When spark ignitor passage 39 is gentle When gaseous mixture in cylinder cap 40 or diesel oil gaseous mixture reach autoignition temperature, gaseous mixture is with regard to expansion working.Work due to magnetic field With gas will promote the downward work done of piston with minimum resistance and speed the highest.Equally, except being equipped with the broad sense electricity selected Outside the power supply of magnet, circuit etc., the power switch of Generalized Electromagnetic body and ignition mechanism must work asynchronously.

Also has mode three: directly cylinder is transformed into its length much larger than diameter i.e. L/ Φ than very big form, simultaneously by cylinder head All magnetize with cylinder.Certainly this is accomplished by transforming cylinder, piston, toggle etc. accordingly.

In the purpose of the present invention nine, the embodiment of " aircraft " is: all kinds of aircraft all contact air-flow outer surface along Air-flow macroscopic view flow direction some all kinds of magnets as described in table one of parallel distribution.Figure 23 be one piece of rocket, guided missile or its It has the schematic diagram of the aircraft of similar profile: in figure, 44 is described aircraft, and 45 is some the magnets on 44 surfaces.

Figure 24 is the schematic diagram of an airplane: 46 is this aircraft, the body of aircraft 46, wing, tailplane and vertical end The appearance of the wing, even engine has been covered with the above-mentioned all kinds of magnets 45 of parallel distribution all along the long axis direction of air current flow.

" basic " volume two P37 says: " for the gas of wavefront, its fltting speed must be ultrasonic to shock wave.But, For the motive liquid after ripple, it ... it is subsonic." therefore in addition to above-mentioned magnet, connect aircraft is all Kicker magnet is arranged at the position touching wavefront gas, in order to eliminate or weaken heating and/or the drag due to shock wave etc. of high-speed flight generation.

Owing to boundary-layer is very thin, therefore also can be coated on aircraft outer surface with magnetic paint, magnetic coating along airflow direction. Coating both can be such as the parallel distribution of Figure 23, a plurality of magnet in 24, it is also possible to is that whole surface is equally distributed.

Claims (11)

1. a class magnet, they include " solenoid, Helmholtz coil, electromagnet, bit magnet, pulsed field magnet, super Magnetic conductor " one class Generalized Electromagnetic body, and/or " permanent magnet, magnetic coating or magnetic paint " class broad sense permanent magnet；It is characterized in that: The line of magnetic induction of described magnet is parallel with the trace of the fluid flowing in its vicinity or streamline or included angle X ＜ p/2 between them.

2. magnet as described in claim 1 for the class, is characterized in that: described magnet is tubular or strip；

The section of cylindrical magnet is cylindrical shape, or rectangle or other profile any other；They are enclosed within for fluid flowing Tubular or other profiles pipeline outside；Or described all kinds of cylindrical magnet are directly prepared into the pipeline for fluid flowing；

Described cylindrical magnet is one, it is also possible to be very big many of its L/D ratio L/F value parallel to each other and also side by side Become the tube of magnetic force of required form；Fixed panel (18) and (20) before and after several are had on the length direction of magnet arranged in parallel；

Described strip magnet can be one, it is also possible to is some many being arranged parallel to each other；

Additionally, in the direction perpendicular with the line of magnetic induction of above-mentioned all kinds of magnets, arrange an electric field not essentially.

3. magnet as described in claim 1 or 2 for the class, is characterized in that: the coil turn of described Generalized Electromagnetic body is Self-consistentency, or gradually enhanced along the direction of fluid flowing；Electric current one in Generalized Electromagnetic body coil is steady Electric current；Another kind is the electric current of pulse: at T₁It is electric current i the strongest in time_max, and T₂In time current strength be 0 or It is less than i_maxSmaller value i_min... so circulate；The combination such as form of above-mentioned all kinds of magnet:

" S " represents B and strengthens along X-axis positive direction；The electric current that " P " represents in Generalized Electromagnetic body is above-mentioned impulse form；“S With P Generalized Electromagnetic body " representing this kind of Generalized Electromagnetic body, to be magnetic induction intensity strengthen and electric current therein along X-axis positive direction It is again above-mentioned impulse form；Eight kinds of above-mentioned magnets and " S ", " P ", " S and P " magnet are for major diameter gas passage and many The root minor diameter tube of magnetic force (19) in parallel is all general；

Both above table can be superimposed as with two kinds in Generalized Electromagnetic body, three kinds of even multiple magnets all possible " combination " In four kinds of magnetic fields；Also the first two magnetic field in table can be become by two kinds in broad sense permanent magnet, three kinds of magnet combination.

4. a class utilizes the firearms of claim the 1st, magnet described in 2 or 3, cannon or Metal Storm Weapon System, its feature It is: outside the barrel of their threes, be surrounded by all kinds of cylinder magnets as described in claim the 1st, 2 or 3；Or directly will Barrel magnetizes, or manufactures barrel with all kinds of magnets as described in claim the 1st, 2 or 3；If using Generalized Electromagnetic body, One is mechanically to fire: the electric switch of the mechanical firing lock of firearms and an energy Synchronization Control Generalized Electromagnetic body electric current is connected: During percussion, Generalized Electromagnetic body is energized；Having fired, trigger resets, Generalized Electromagnetic body power-off simultaneously；

Two is directly to drive striker mechanism with electromagnet: during percussion, and electric switch energising makes electromagnet energising attract firing pin so that it is hit Hit the fire in a stove before fuel is added；While percussion, Generalized Electromagnetic body is energized；Percussion terminates rear electromagnet and the power-off simultaneously of Generalized Electromagnetic body；

Three is to replace machinery firing lock with electric ignition: electric ignition device synchronizes with the switch of Generalized Electromagnetic body: while igniting, Open the switch of Generalized Electromagnetic body；Igniting terminates, and disconnects the switch of Generalized Electromagnetic body.

5. a class utilizes all kinds of rocket engines of the magnet as described in claim the 1st, 2 or 3, rocket projectile, jet punching press Engine, after-burner, pulse-knocking engine, turbojet, turbofan, turbo-propeller, turboaxle motor Jet pipe, flame thrower nozzle；The burner inner liner of whirlpool spray, turbofan, whirlpool oar, turboshaft engine and gas turbine；This four class is sprayed One section of part without compressor in gas engine inlets；The air intake duct of pulse-knocking engine, detonation chamber；Steam turbine and boiler Between gas pipeline and the steam inlet pipe road etc. of steam turbine；It is characterized in that: all overlap outside the gas channel of all of which and want just like right Seek magnet the 1st, described in 2 or 3 for the item；Or directly make gas channel with magnetic material；And/or just like power in gas channel Many very big parallel to each other and one-tenth required form side by side magnets of L/F value described in requirement 2 for the profit；Or by jet chimney magnetic Change, or replace original jet chimney with all kinds of magnetic pipelines；It is equipped with the power supply of Generalized Electromagnetic body and each pulsing operation simultaneously The electric switch of device synchronization；For the liquid rocket of additional superconducting magnet, liquid fuel is around the pipeline flowing of superconducting magnet material.

6. the solid as described in claim 5 and liquid-propellant rocket engine, rocket projectile；Jet punching engine, Jet after-burner, the jet pipe of pulse-knocking engine；Turbojet, turbofan, turbo-propeller, turbine wheel shaft start The jet pipe of machine, combustion chamber and burner inner liner, the combustion chamber in gas turbine and burner inner liner, the nozzle of flame thrower；It is characterized in that: To convergent diver gent nozzle, one is to magnetize jet pipe itself or manufacture jet pipe with magnetic material；And simultaneously in the spray of its supersonic speed The multiple minor diameter tube of magnetic force (19) of pipeline section distribution, each tube head is combined closely with the curved surface within jet pipe；Two be jet pipe be diameter Profile that is equal front and back or that extend hardly；Three or their combustion chamber link into an integrated entity with jet pipe and equal before and after diameter；

Two kinds of combustion chambers next and jet pipe are equally distributed multiple minor diameter tube of magnetic force (19).

7. the solid-rocket as described in claim 5, its characteristic is: have many in the hollow pipeline of rocket fuel The cylinder magnet in hole, is enclosed with cellular insulant outside magnet, magnet or have above many passages permanent magnet or S permanent magnet；Or the common or S Generalized Electromagnetic body of (being enclosed within a porous soft magnetic materials outer)；Generalized Electromagnetic body coil There is gap between adjacent wires；Also have the current switch of igniter and Generalized Electromagnetic body and the such as power supply relevant with magnet and Its control part, cooling-part etc. of necessary superconducting coil；The current switch of magnet synchronizes with the ignition switch of rocket.

8. a class adds the turbojet of magnet as described in claim the 1st, 2 or 3, turbofan, turbo-propeller, whirlpool Air intake duct in wheel shaft generator and gas turbine, burner inner liner, in jet punching engine and scramjet Cone stator, the casing of turbofan and provided with internal duct and external duct；Its characteristic is: all have the right outside their gas channel Requirement the 1st, the magnet described in 2 or 3, and cone stator and provided with internal duct and external duct are magnetized, or direct making of magnetic material includes Cone stator and all gas channels of provided with internal duct and external duct；And seize every opportunity and arrange the little tube of magnetic force (19) of multiple parallel connections.

9. a class utilize the turbojet of magnet as described in claim the 1st, 2 or 3, turbofan, turbo-propeller, Inlet Guide Vane in turboaxle motor and gas turbine, compressor stator, blower outlet guide vane, burner inner liner whirlpool Stream device, burner inner liner turbine nozzle vane, Turbomachinery；Nozzle (group) in impulse and/or reaction turbine, dividing plate And diaphragm housing ring；Fixed blade ring and the part such as stationary blade carrier, guide vane；It is characterized in that: each part is magnetized；Or with each The identical broad sense permanent magnet of External Shape or Generalized Electromagnetic body replace each part, and be equipped with the power supply of Generalized Electromagnetic body, switch, The annex that the cooling system of superconducting magnet etc. are necessary.

10. utilize gasoline engine and/or the diesel engine of magnet as described in claim the 1st, 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: it Cylinder head and cylinder be all magnetic；Dry liner is magnetized, or manufactures it with permanent magnet；Or by both cylinder jacket Outer wrapping Generalized Electromagnetic body, has a protection set outside magnet；It is assembled to the cylinder jacket of this enlarged-diameter in cylinder block again；Will be overall To accommodate the cylinder jacket of this enlarged-diameter after hole expansion on formula cylinder；Wet liner is with three kinds identical with dry liner Mode magnetizes；It and make its protection be cased with water-proof function, then is assembled to the cylinder jacket of this enlarged-diameter in cylinder block；

And/or in cylinder head, having the magnetic gas passage that one section of its L/F value elongated is very big, channel roof has spark plug or atomizer；

Or the direct L/F that is transformed into cylinder is than very big form, all magnetizes cylinder head and cylinder simultaneously；

The switch of Generalized Electromagnetic body and the plug ignition switch of gasoline engine or the synchronization of diesel injection pump oil-blast switch in each scheme.

11. 1 kinds of aircraft, automobile and/or trains being equipped with the 1st, the magnet described in 2 or 3 just like claim, hydrofoil and / or the device of all kinds of high-speed motion in an atmosphere such as aircushion vehicle, is characterized in that: the outer surface of all of which and air flow contacts along Flow direction is parallel is dispersed with some magnets for air-flow macroscopic view；And/or magnetic paint, magnetic coating；Paint or the coating of coating A plurality of or the whole surface being parallel is equally distributed；First each device contacts outfit kicker magnet on the previous components of gas.