CN106154030B - A kind of intelligent electric meter and its data encryption and transmission method - Google Patents
A kind of intelligent electric meter and its data encryption and transmission method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of intelligent electric meter and its data encryption and transmission methods, intelligent electric meter includes MCU module and power module, and MCU module connection has display module, key module, communication module, current acquisition module, voltage acquisition module and temperature sensing module.MCU module include STC12C5A40AD, inside have EEPROM function.Display module is made of LED charactrons and triode, key module is microswitch composition, communication module is converted using MAX485, current acquisition module is made of current transformer/sampling resistor and RC filter network, voltage acquisition module is made of voltage transformer/divider resistance and RC filter network, is sent into ATT7053BU after voltage, current signal acquisition and is handled.Reliable design of the present invention, precision are high, multiple functional, can be used for measuring indicating meter and related auxiliary unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric-power metering fields, more particularly, to a kind of intelligent electric meter and its data encryption and transmission method.
Background technique
In electric instrument industry, traditional motor meter is eliminated by electronic electricity meter.Electronic instrument currently on the market
Technology maturation, precision are high, good reliability, can telecommunication, be widely used space, with the need of power industry and market
It asks, instrument just develops towards intelligent, high-precision, multi-functional, radio meter register direction.Since electronic instrument exists in all fields
Plurality of advantages, especially can telecommunication, can be realized electric power monitoring centralization, therefore electronic instrument substitution heritage is answered
Formula instrument is inexorable trend.
Now with electronic instrument be usually directly to upload data in the form of plaintext, safe coefficient is not high enough, deposits
In the risk that data are trapped, distort.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is mainly to solve the technology that intelligence degree is not high enough, safety is weaker present in the prior art to ask
Topic provides the intelligent electric meter and its data encryption and transmission method of a kind of precision height, good reliability, high safety.
What the present invention was mainly addressed by following technical proposals in view of the above technical problems: a kind of intelligent electric meter,
Including MCU module, display module, key module, communication module, current acquisition module, voltage acquisition module, electric-power metering module
With the power module powered for entire intelligent electric meter, the display module, key module, communication module and electric-power metering module are all
It is connect with MCU module, the current acquisition module and voltage acquisition module are connected to electric-power metering module.
MCU module is to control the work of other modules.Display module shows the parameter and state of intelligent electric meter.Key module
For carrying out setting control.Communication module realizes the communication between intelligent electric meter and host computer.Current acquisition module acquisition is current
Electric current, voltage acquisition module acquire current voltage, output of the electric-power metering module to current acquisition module and voltage acquisition module
Data are sent to MCU module after being handled.Entire electric-power metering process is completed by intelligent electric meter completely, does not need manually to join
With.
Preferably, the MCU module includes STC12C5A40AD chip.STC12C5A40AD chip interior carries data
Memory, power down can be reserved for data.STC12C5A40AD is 8051 kernel MCU, and more traditional 8051 kernel operating rate is fast, processing
Ability is stronger.
Preferably, the display module include two 3 Digital sum pipes, the triode of 7 model S9012,7 shine
Diode and several resistance；8 feet, 9 feet and 12 feet of 3 Digital sum pipes respectively connect the collector of a triode, remaining foot is all
MCU module is connected to by resistance；The anode of 7 light emitting diodes is all connected to the collector of a triode；Cathode is all logical
It crosses resistance and is connected to MCU module；The emitter of triode all connects power supply+5V, and base stage all passes through resistance and is connected to MCU module.
MCU module drives 3 Digital sum pipes and light emitting diode by triode.
Preferably, the key module include 5 microswitches and 5 pull-up resistors, the first of each microswitch
End is all connected to MCU module, and second end is all grounded, and the first end of each pull-up resistor respectively connects the first of a microswitch
End, the second end of pull-up resistor all connect power supply+5V.
Display module and key module cooperation can intuitively show different parameters, using charactron and LED light
Display is affected by temperature small.
Preferably, the communication module includes opto-coupler chip, MAX485 chip and Transient Suppression Diode, the optocoupler
Chip is TLP521-3-D chip, and 2 feet and 6 feet of opto-coupler chip connect MCU module by resistance, and 10 feet are directly connected to MCU mould
Block, 1 foot and 5 feet connect power supply VCC, and 3 feet connect power supply VCC_D, and 4 feet connect 1 foot of MAX485 chip by resistance；Optocoupler core
4 feet of the 12 feet connection MAX485 chip of piece, 2 feet and 3 feet of the 8 feet connection MAX485 chip of opto-coupler chip；The 7 of opto-coupler chip
Foot and 11 feet connect power supply GND_D, 9 feet ground connection；12 feet of opto-coupler chip also connect power supply VCC_D by resistance, and 10 feet are also logical
Resistance connection power supply VCC is crossed, 8 feet also connect power supply VCC_D by resistance；8 feet of MAX485 chip connect power supply VCC_D, 7 feet
It is the output port of communication module with 6 feet, 5 feet connect power supply GND_D；Transient Suppression Diode is connected across the 6 of MAX485 chip
Between foot and 7 feet, resistance R22 is also serially connected between 6 feet and 7 feet of MAX485 chip；8 feet of MAX485 chip also pass through capacitor
C23 connection power supply GND_D, 7 feet also pass through resistance R24 connection power supply GND_D, and 6 feet also pass through resistance R21 connection power supply VCC_D；
The one end resistance R25 connects power supply GND_D, other end ground connection.
It is communicated between communication module and host computer by RS485 agreement.
Preferably, the current acquisition module includes current transformer, resistance R27, resistance R31, resistance R35, resistance
R36, resistance R38, resistance R40, resistance R43, resistance R46, variable resistance R28, capacitor C32, capacitor C34 and capacitor C35, it is described
Current transformer is HWCT-20A/20mA mutual inductor, and 5 feet and 6 feet of current transformer are alternating current incoming end, the connection of 2 feet
The convertible tip of variable resistance R28 and the first definite value end, 1 foot pass through the second definite value end of resistance R35 connection variable resistance R28；Electricity
Hinder 2 feet of the first end connection current transformer of R31, second end ground connection；The 1 of the first end connection current transformer of resistance R36
Foot, second end ground connection；2 feet of the first end connection current transformer of resistance R27；The first end of resistance R38 connects Current Mutual Inductance
1 foot of device, the second end of resistance R27 and the second end of resistance R38 are alternating current output end；The first end of capacitor C32 connects
The second end of resistance R27, the second end ground connection of capacitor C32；The second end of the first end connection resistance R38 of capacitor C35, capacitor
The second end of C35 is grounded；Capacitor C34 is connected across between the second end of resistance R27 and the second end of resistance R38；The two of resistance R43
End is DC current incoming end, the first end of the first end connection resistance R43 of resistance R40；The first end of resistance R46 connects resistance
The second end of R43, the second end of resistance R40 and the second end of resistance R46 are DC current output end.
Preferably, the voltage acquisition module includes voltage transformer, resistance R26, resistance R30, resistance R32, resistance
R33, resistance R34, resistance R37, resistance R39, resistance R41, resistance R42, resistance R44, resistance R45, variable resistance R29, capacitor
C31, capacitor C33 and capacitor C36, the voltage transformer are TV1005 mutual inductor；2 feet of voltage transformer are the first alternating current
Incoming end is pressed, 1 foot passes through resistance R32 connection the second alternating voltage incoming end；4 feet of voltage transformer connect variable resistance R29
Convertible tip and the first definite value end, 3 feet pass through the second definite value end of resistance R33 connection variable resistance R29；The first of resistance R30
4 feet of end connection voltage transformer, second end ground connection；3 feet of the first end connection voltage transformer of resistance R34, the second termination
Ground；4 feet of the first end connection voltage transformer of resistance R26,；3 feet of the first end connection voltage transformer of resistance R37, electricity
The second end of the second end and resistance R37 that hinder R26 is ac voltage output；The of the first end connection resistance R26 of capacitor C31
Two ends, the second end ground connection of capacitor C31；The second end of the first end connection resistance R37 of capacitor C36, the second termination of capacitor C36
Ground；Capacitor C33 is connected across between the second end of resistance R26 and the second end of resistance R37；The first end of resistance R39 is first straight
Galvanic electricity presses incoming end, and second end passes through the first end of resistance R41 connection resistance R42；The first end of resistance R45 is the second direct current
Incoming end is pressed, the second end of resistance R42 and the second end of resistance R45 are DC voltage output end；Resistance R44 is connected across resistance
Between the first end of R42 and the first end of resistance R45.
This intelligent electric meter can measure alternating current or direct current.When measuring alternating current, the alternating current of current acquisition module
It flows incoming end and accesses test line, alternating current output end is connected to electric-power metering module, DC current incoming end and direct current
It is hanging to flow output end；First alternating voltage incoming end of voltage measurement module and the access of the second alternating voltage incoming end are by survey line
Road, ac voltage output connect electric-power metering module, the first DC voltage incoming end, the second DC voltage incoming end and direct current
Voltage output end is all hanging.When measuring direct current, the DC current incoming end of current acquisition module accesses test line, direct current
Current output terminal is connected to electric-power metering module, and alternating current incoming end and alternating current output end are hanging；Voltage measurement module
The first DC voltage incoming end and the second DC voltage incoming end access test line, DC voltage output end connect kilowatt meter
Module is measured, the first alternating voltage incoming end, the second alternating voltage incoming end and ac voltage output are all hanging.
Preferably, the electric-power metering module includes ATT7053BU chip, 6 feet of ATT7053BU chip and 7 feet connect
Connect the ac voltage output or DC voltage output end of voltage acquisition module, the friendship of 10 feet and 11 feet connection current acquisition module
Flow current output terminal or DC current output end.
Current acquisition module and voltage acquisition module share ATT7053BU.The MCU module is adopted with the ATT7053BU
With SPI serial communication, the difference letter of the current acquisition module and the output of voltage acquisition module mutual inductor after capacitance-resistance filter
Number send a day ATT7053BU chip pin.
ATT7053BU is professional electric energy computation chip, it can be achieved that alternating voltage, electric current, active power, reactive power, view
The measurement of DC voltage, electric current and power can be also realized in function, power factor and electric energy, chip detection accuracy height, stability
Good, high reliablity, external devices are few, so that circuit design is greatly simplified.
Data in ATT7053BU can be read by connection ATT7053BU metering chip, calculate electricity by MCU module
The parameters such as pressure, electric current, power.
Preferably, intelligent electric meter further includes temperature sensing module, the temperature sensing module is connect with MCU module.
Temperature sensing module temperature collection information is sent to MCU module.
A kind of data encryption and transmission method based on above-mentioned intelligent electric meter, comprising the following steps:
A, host computer generates one 0 to 8 random integers N, is sent to intelligent electric meter；
B, intelligent electric meter stores and uploads the maximum temperature K1 that the previous day detects at No. 2+N of this metering cycle, in 11+
No. N stores and uploads the maximum temperature K2 detected the previous day, the maximum temperature detected on the day before storing and upload at No. 20+N
K3 is spent, the target side of upload is host computer；
C, intelligent electric meter is reading maximum current in electricity consumption degree W1 and this metering cycle in this metering cycle meter reading day
I1 is encrypted after being packaged two data, and key is electricity consumption degree W0, a upper metering cycle for a upper metering cycle
Maximum current I0 and this metering cycle in upload K1, K2 and K3；
D, encrypted data are uploaded to host computer by intelligent electric meter；
E, host computer is decrypted after receiving data using corresponding data key, and the data after decryption are deposited
Storage, subsequently into step A.
Each component part of key is in (K1, K2 and K3 are in plain text, WO and I0 are encryption data) in different ways
It passes, and uplink time is random determination, and it is very big to be trapped difficulty, highly-safe.
The intelligent electric meter of this programme can be measured when being inputted using mutual inductor the voltage of alternating current, electric power, power, power because
Number, active power and reactive power, DC voltage, electric current can be measured when inputting using pure resistance can support 485 communications, hardware
Versatility obtained good utilization.
Bring substantial effect of the present invention is, intelligence degree and precision are high, good reliability, the data of upload be not easy by
It cracks, safety coefficient is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of system module figure of the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of circuit structure diagram of MCU module of the invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of circuit structure diagram of display module of the invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of circuit structure diagram of key module of the invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of circuit structure diagram of communication module of the invention；
Fig. 6 is a kind of circuit structure diagram of current acquisition module of the invention；
Fig. 7 is a kind of circuit structure diagram of voltage acquisition module of the invention；
Fig. 8 is a kind of circuit structure diagram of electric-power metering module of the invention；
In figure: 1, MCU module, 2, power module, 3, display module, 4, key module, 5, communication module, 6, current acquisition
Module, 7, voltage acquisition module, 8, electric-power metering module, 9, temperature sensing module.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawing the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment: a kind of intelligent electric meter of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, including MCU module 1, power module 2, display mould
Block 3, key module 4, communication module 5, current acquisition module 6, voltage acquisition module 7, electric-power metering module 8 and temperature sensing mould
Block 9.Display module 3, key module 4, communication module 5, electric-power metering module 8 and temperature sensing module 9 all connect with MCU module 1
It connects, current acquisition module 6 and voltage acquisition module 7 are connected to electric-power metering module 8.
MCU module includes STC12C5A40AD chip, the included data storage in inside.Electric-power metering module includes
ATT7053BU chip.Current acquisition module includes single-phase current transformer and copper-manganese sampling resistor, and current transformer is used to examine
Alternating current is surveyed, copper-manganese sampling resistor is used to detect DC current, copper-manganese sampling resistor is installed when acquisition acquires DC current,
Current transformer is installed, collected current signal connects by capacitance-resistance filter and difference sample circuit correspondence when detecting alternating current
Enter 10~11 feet of ATT7053BU chip.Voltage acquisition module includes single-phase potential transformer and divider resistance, in detection list
Voltage transformer is installed when phase alternating voltage, divider resistance is installed when detecting DC voltage, collected voltage signal passes through resistance
6~7 feet of corresponding access ATT7053BU chip after capacitor filter.
ATT7053BU integrated chip electrical energy measurement, reliable operation, superior performance is low in cost, and module is abundant, inside collection
The detection of the signals such as electric current, voltage can be easily realized at high-precision A/D and the cooperation of RMS-DC converter and MCU.
It include EEPROM function inside STC12C5A40AD, power failure data can continue to save；Electric current that ATT7053BU is connected, electricity
Internal register is stored in after the signal processing that pressure acquisition module will test, MCU reads ATT7053BU by SPI serial line interface
Internal register can obtain the data such as electric current, voltage, and the data handled through MCU can be communicated by communication line with PC, in PC
Upper monitoring parameters of electric power.
Power module is designed as through step-down transformer decompression, rectification, filtering, pressure stabilizing supplying single-phase voltage to system again
Electricity.To simplify power supply design, MCU module and electric current, voltage acquisition module select 5V power supply chip, STC12C5A40AD power supply
Pin 38 plus C26 filter capacitor, ATT7053BU digital power pin 1 plus C17 filter capacitor, analog power add R19, C24 to constitute
RC filter, the simulation of ATT7053BU with digitally carry out single-point altogether.
Fig. 3 is display module, drives CPS05631BR model LED charactrons and light emitting diode, circuit letter using S9012
It is single reliable, electric current, voltage, active power, reactive power, apparent energy, power factor can be shown when doing ac power meter, and
What data of the thing of display can be intuitively found out on charactron, so that more convenient to use, LED light can display instrument
State, can simply determine is automatic/hand range and is presently in range ability.
Fig. 4 is key module, using microswitch, adds external pull-up resistor to improve interference free performance.
Fig. 5 is communication module, carries out electrical specification conversion using MAX485, MAX485 uses independent power supply, MCU Serial Port Line
RX/TX realizes by light-coupled isolation and connect with MAX485 that MAX485 differential lines A/B is protected using P6KE6.8CA, RS485 communication
Data transfer direction is controlled using individual MCU pin, to guarantee to do certain time-delay in reception/transmission data mode switching,
Guarantee that data transmission is reliable and stable.It is communicated using RS485 and remote reading instrumented data can be achieved, it can be in parallel multiple on data line
Instrument, the address of settable each instrument.
Fig. 6 is current acquisition module, uses current transformer, the output signal of current transformer for alternating current detection
Garbage signal is filtered out by a RC filter network, the signal exported after filtering is differential signal, and differential signal is connected to
The pin 10~11 of ATT7053BU, the adjustable resistance by adjusting RC filter network can realize the adjustment of output signal size,
Calibration when by adjust the potentiometer can easily realize calibration；The detection of DC current is examined using copper-manganese sampling resistor
It surveys, pin 10~11 of the resistance sampling signal through the filtered differential signal access ATT7053BU of RC, collected data exist
It is automatically processed inside ATT7053BU as virtual value；The acquisition of alternating current and DC current signal can only be chosen one of two, because
Selective Soldering need to be carried out when this hardware realization.
Fig. 7 is voltage acquisition module, uses voltage transformer, the output signal of voltage transformer for alternating voltage detection
Garbage signal is filtered out by a RC filter network, the signal exported after filtering is differential signal, and differential signal is connected to
The pin 6~7 of ATT7053BU, the adjustable resistance by adjusting RC filter network can realize the adjustment of output signal size, in school
Calibration can be easily realized by adjusting the potentiometer when quasi-；R39, R41, R44 metal are used for the detection of DC voltage
Film resistance carries out partial pressure detection, and potential-divider network makes input impedance > 1Mohm, R34 resistance sampling signal through the filtered difference of RC
Sub-signal accesses the pin 6~7 of ATT7053BU, and collected data are automatically processed inside ATT7053BU as virtual value；It is right
It can only be chosen one of two in the acquisition of alternating current and d. c. voltage signal, therefore selective weldering need to be carried out when hardware realization
It connects.
Fig. 8 is electric-power metering module, and the reset of the ATT7053BU uses external RC electrification reset, digital power DVCC
It is connect with analog power AVCC using RC filter, internal reference output pin VREF is carried out using the capacitor of 10uF and 0.1uF
It filters to increase the reliability of benchmark.The digital circuits section of ATT7053BU and analog portion (contain electric current, electricity in the present embodiment
Source acquisition module) use single-point altogether, to improve system stability.
The data encryption and transmission method of intelligent electric meter the following steps are included:
A, host computer generates one 0 to 8 random integers N, is sent to intelligent electric meter；
B, intelligent electric meter stores and uploads the maximum temperature K1 that the previous day detects at No. 2+N of this metering cycle, in 11+
No. N stores and uploads the maximum temperature K2 detected the previous day, the maximum temperature detected on the day before storing and upload at No. 20+N
K3 is spent, the target side of upload is host computer；
C, intelligent electric meter is reading maximum current in electricity consumption degree W1 and this metering cycle in this metering cycle meter reading day
I1 is encrypted after being packaged two data, and key is electricity consumption degree W0, a upper metering cycle for a upper metering cycle
Maximum current I0 and this metering cycle in upload K1, K2 and K3；
D, encrypted data are uploaded to host computer by intelligent electric meter；
E, host computer is decrypted after receiving data using corresponding data key, and the data after decryption are deposited
Storage, subsequently into step A.
Host computer generates random number after receiving encrypted data and successful decryption and is sent to intelligent electric meter.Such as
Meter reading day is No. 10 of every month, and host computer receives intelligent electric meter after March 10 read and encrypted the data of upload, logarithm
According to decryption, successful decryption then generates random number, if the random number generated is 4, intelligent electric meter is in March 15 upload March 14
Number maximum temperature K2, March 24 upload March 23 maximum temperature K3, April 6 upload April 5 maximum temperature
K1.Temperature data is collected by temperature sensing module.
Time of one metering cycle between two adjacent meter reading days, this metering week after intelligent electric meter reading terminates
Phase terminates, into next metering cycle.
When to April 10, intelligent electric meter is read after meter reading on March 10 to electricity and this section used when current meter reading
Maximum current in time, is then encrypted using key.Following manner completion can be used in encryption: by W0, I0, K1, K2 and K3
Cascade, the character string that cascade is obtained carry out MD5 operation, and first 56 of operation result is taken to be used as secondary key, close using second level
Data after the electricity consumption degree W1 and maximum current I1 that key obtains meter reading on April 10 by des encryption algorithm are packaged add
It is close.
Intelligent electric meter uploads encrypted data, and host computer transfers W0, I0, K1, K2 and K3 from database, it is corresponding into
Row decryption obtains W1 and I1, then stores W1 and I1, and regenerate random number and be sent to intelligent electric meter, as April 10
To the N of this metering cycle on the 10th in May.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention
The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method
In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Although the terms such as MCU, electric-power metering are used more herein, the possibility using other terms is not precluded
Property.The use of these items is only for be more convenient to describe and explain essence of the invention；It is construed as any one
Additional limitation is disagreed with spirit of that invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of data encryption and transmission method based on intelligent electric meter, intelligent electric meter includes MCU module, display module, key mould
Block, communication module, current acquisition module, voltage acquisition module, electric-power metering module and the power supply for the power supply of entire intelligent electric meter
Module, the display module, key module, communication module and electric-power metering module are all connect with MCU module, the current acquisition
Module and voltage acquisition module are connected to electric-power metering module；
Characterized by comprising the following steps:
A, host computer generates one 0 to 8 random integers N, is sent to intelligent electric meter；
B, intelligent electric meter stores and uploads the maximum temperature K1 that the previous day detects at No. 2+N of this metering cycle, at No. 11+N
The maximum temperature K2 for storing and being detected on the day before uploading, the maximum temperature detected on the day before storing and upload at No. 20+N
K3, the target side of upload are host computers；
C, intelligent electric meter is reading maximum current I1 in electricity consumption degree W1 and this metering cycle in this metering cycle meter reading day, will
Two data are encrypted after being packaged, key be the electricity consumption degree W0 of a upper metering cycle, a upper metering cycle most
High current I0 and interior K1, K2 and the K3 uploaded of this metering cycle；
D, encrypted data are uploaded to host computer by intelligent electric meter；
E, host computer is decrypted after receiving data using corresponding data key, and the data after decryption are stored,
Subsequently into step A.
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| CN108344894A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-07-31 | 常州得实新技术开发有限公司 | A kind of multifunctional intellectual ammeter |
| CN109085415A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-25 | 华立科技股份有限公司 | DC measurement tooling and method |
| CN109239455B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2021-02-23 | 国网山西省电力公司忻州供电公司 | Electric energy meter for substation gateway with function of monitoring secondary circuit fault |
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| 新型智能电能表的设计与开发;黄亮;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》;20140415;正文第10-11、16-17、21页 |
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| CN106154030A (en) | 2016-11-23 |
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