CN106153738A - A kind of method of incoagulable gas content in gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase - Google Patents
A kind of method of incoagulable gas content in gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106153738A CN106153738A CN201510127217.3A CN201510127217A CN106153738A CN 106153738 A CN106153738 A CN 106153738A CN 201510127217 A CN201510127217 A CN 201510127217A CN 106153738 A CN106153738 A CN 106153738A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- incoagulable
- fluorine containing
- containing olefine
- content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the method for incoagulable gas content in a kind of gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine, described chromatographic condition is chromatographic column: Porapak Q [(1～6) m × (1～7) mm)] packed column etc..The method that the present invention provides can easy, accurate, quick, reliable, the content measuring incoagulable gas in Fluorine containing olefine gas phase of low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the assay method of incoagulable gas content in a kind of Fluorine containing olefine gas phase, especially relate to a kind of gas-chromatography
Method measures the method for incoagulable gas content in Fluorine containing olefine gas phase.
Background technology
Ozone depletion and global warming are the two big Global Environmental Problems that international community faces, research, development and production a new generation zero
ODP, the ODS substitute of low GWP have become the focus of common concern.The ODP value of fluoroolefins (HFOs) is zero, GWP
It is worth also extremely low, CO when directly discharging2Reduction of discharging rate is more than 99%, has good environmental performance, is a new generation's ODS substitute exploitation
Main kind, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropenes (HFO-1234yf).
Fluorine containing olefine gas phase usually contains incoagulable gas, general employing its content of gas chromatography determination.Existing disclosed side
In method, ISO/DIS 12810-1996 " gas chromatography determination brand-new and the incoagulable gas reclaiming in cold-producing medium ", U.S.'s air-conditioning
" fluoric ether is or not heat supply and refrigerating industry association criterion AHRI 700-2014 " fluorine carbon hydrocarbon coolant specification " and CNS
The mensuration gas chromatography of solidifying property gas (NCG) " in all use six-way valve sample introduction, external standard method calculates.Although described method is accurate
Degree height, but testing cost is high, it is necessary to outsourcing normal air, there is also the problems such as six-way valve cleaning simultaneously.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to exploitation and set up a kind of easy, accurately, quick, incoagulability in Fluorine containing olefine gas phase can be measured reliably
The analysis method of gas content.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the method for incoagulable gas content in a kind of gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase, make
Fluorine containing olefine is by gas chromatograph to measure the content of wherein incoagulable gas, and the condition determination of described gas chromatograph is:
Chromatographic column: Porapak Q [(1～6) m × (1～7) mm)]；
Chromatographic column column temperature: 50 DEG C～250 DEG C；
The particle diameter of fixing phase: 0.10mm～0.60mm；
Carrier gas flux: 10mL/min～100mL/min；
Sample size: 0.05mL～2.00mL.
Incoagulable gas of the present invention refers to, Fluorine containing olefine sample is difficult to the gas compressing when gas-liquid phase equilibrium in gas phase,
Generally include N2、O2、CO2Deng abbreviation NCG.
Figure of description
The chromatogram of the 1st sample introduction in Fig. 1: embodiment 1 table 4, chromatographic peak data are as follows:
| Peak sequence | Ingredient names | Retention time/min | Peak area | Peak height | Area percentage % | Relative retention value |
| 1 | Incoagulable gas | 0.674 | 15858 | 3054 | 0.4298 | 1 |
| 2 | R1234yf | 3.670 | 3673667 | 85347 | 99.5702 | 5.445 |
The chromatogram of the 1st sample introduction in Fig. 2: embodiment 1 table 5, chromatographic peak data are as follows:
| Peak sequence | Ingredient names | Retention time/min | Peak area | Peak height | Area percentage % | Relative retention value |
| 1 | Incoagulable gas | 0.677 | 4111 | 842 | 0.1143 | 1 |
| 2 | R1234yf | 3.681 | 3593652 | 83986 | 99.8857 | 5.437 |
The chromatogram of the 1st sample introduction in Fig. 3: embodiment 2 table 8, chromatographic peak data are as follows:
| Peak sequence | Ingredient names | Retention time/min | Peak area | Peak height | Area percentage % | Relative retention value |
| 1 | Incoagulable gas | 0.668 | 18351 | 3546 | 0.4631 | 1 |
| 2 | R1216 | 2.384 | 3944572 | 140129 | 99.5369 | 3.569 |
The chromatogram of the 1st sample introduction in Fig. 4: embodiment 2 table 9, chromatographic peak data are as follows:
| Peak sequence | Ingredient names | Retention time/min | Peak area | Peak height | Area percentage % | Relative retention value |
| 1 | Incoagulable gas | 0.670 | 9267 | 1565 | 0.2331 | 1 |
| 2 | R1216 | 2.385 | 3965568 | 140458 | 99.7669 | 3.560 |
Detailed description of the invention
In the gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase that the present invention provides, the method for incoagulable gas content, makes carrier gas carry fluorine-containing
The gas phase sample of olefin product passes sequentially through chromatography column and detector obtains testing data, then uses mole (or volume) school
Positive area normalization method calculates the content of wherein incoagulable gas.
The chromatographic column that the present invention uses is Porapak Q packed column, preferably Porapak Q [(1～6) m × (1～7) mm)]
Packed column, more preferably Porapak Q [(1～3) m × (1～4) mm)] packed column, and more preferably Porapak
Q [(1～2) m × (2～4) mm)] packed column.
The Porapak Q packed column that the present invention uses, its fixing phase particle diameter is preferably 0.10mm～0.60mm, further preferably
For 0.10mm～0.40mm, and more preferably 0.10mm～0.30mm.
Assay method of the present invention, during measuring, chromatographic column column temperature preferably remains in 50 DEG C～250 DEG C, excellent further
Elect 80 DEG C～150 DEG C, and more preferably 90 DEG C～120 DEG C as.In assay method of the present invention, Fluorine containing olefine product
Gas phase sample is carried along into gas chromatograph by carrier gas, and carrier gas flux is preferably 10mL/min～100mL/min, excellent further
Elect 10mL/min～60mL/min, and more preferably 20mL/min～40mL/min as.The carrier gas using is that this area is normal
Carrier gas, can be helium, its percent by volume is 99.999%.
In assay method of the present invention, the gas phase sample of Fluorine containing olefine product, its sample size meets sample size commonly used in the art
, but as a kind of preferred mode, sample size is 0.05mL～2.00mL, more preferably 0.05mL～1.50mL,
And more preferably 0.08mL～1.00mL.
In assay method of the present invention, the detector of use can be the common detector in this area, such as thermal conductivity detector (TCD).Make
For the preferred mode of one, the detector that the present invention uses is thermal conductivity detector (TCD) (being called for short TCD).The temperature of described detector is preferred
It is 100 DEG C～300 DEG C, preferably 100 DEG C～200 DEG C further.The bridge stream of described detector is preferably 80mA～150mA,
It is preferably 80mA～120mA further.
In assay method of the present invention, for gasifying the vaporizer of Fluorine containing olefine product, its temperature be maintained at be enough to make described in contain
Fluoroolefins product gasifies, usually about 150 DEG C.
Before Fluorine containing olefine product enters gas chromatograph, the preparation of standard sample need to be carried out.The preparation of standard sample can be according to
Following methods is carried out:
It in the good airbag (50L or 30L) of application of vacuum, is filled with sample and incoagulable gas, and control sample and incoagulability gas
The total fill volume of body is the 60%～80% of airbag volume, fully mixes, and weighs and is accurate to 0.01g.Described sample and incoagulability gas
The purity of body is more than 99.9%.
The actual content V of incoagulable gas in the standard sample of preparationAir, with volume fraction, (1) calculates as follows:
In formula:
WAirThe quality of incoagulable gas, unit is gram (g)；
The molal weight of 29 incoagulable gas, unit is gram (g)；
WHFOThe quality of fluoro alkene, unit is gram (g)；
MHFOFluoro alkene molal weight, unit be gram (g).
After standard sample prepares, making standard sample enter gas chromatograph, the gas phase of standard sample is logical under the carrying of carrier gas
Crossing chromatographic column of the present invention, making incoagulable gas and other Component seperation, recycling thermal conductivity detector (TCD) is changed into electric quantity signal,
Faint electric quantity signal obtains desired data after processing through circuit amplification again.
Relative mole (or volume) correction factor by Fluorine containing olefine is in terms of 1, the Relative mole (or volume) of incoagulable gas
Correction factor fAir(2) calculate as follows:
In formula:
VAirThe volumn concentration of incoagulable gas in standard specimen；
VHFOThe volumn concentration of fluoroolefin in standard specimen；
AAirThe peak area of incoagulable gas；
AHFOThe peak area of fluoroolefin.
The mensuration of incoagulable gas content in Fluorine containing olefine product gas phase, according to incoagulable gas assay in aforesaid standards sample
Method carry out, and use mole (or volume) rectification area normalization method to calculate an incoagulable gas content.Incoagulable gas contains
AmountWith volume fraction, (3) calculate as follows:
In formula:
AAirThe peak area of incoagulable gas；
fAirRelative mole (or volume) correction factor of incoagulable gas；
∑AiThe peak area sum of each component.
The method of incoagulable gas content in the gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine that the present invention provides, is suitable for measuring boiling point and exists
The content of incoagulable gas in the Fluorine containing olefine of less than 0 DEG C, is particularly suitable for measuring 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropenes (R1234yf),
1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (R1225zc), 3,3,3-trifluoro propene (R1243zf), cis 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene
(Z-R1225ye), trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (E-R1234ze), trans 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (E-R1225ye)
The content of middle incoagulable gas.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, but does not limit the invention to these and be embodied as
Mode.One skilled in the art would recognize that and present invention encompasses potentially included in Claims scope all alternative
Scheme, improvement project and equivalents.
In following example, the chromatograph of use is the GC2014 gas chromatograph of Shimadzu Corporation, analytical test strip part such as table 1 below:
Table 1
| Sequence number | Parameter | Condition |
| 1 | Chromatographic column | Porapak Q (2m × 3mm) packed column |
| 2 | Fixing phase particle diameter | (0.15～0.18) mm |
| 3 | Detector | Thermal conductivity detector (TCD) (TCD) |
| 4 | Carrier gas | Helium (percent by volume is 99.999%) |
| 5 | Column temperature | 100℃ |
| 6 | Carrier gas flux | 30(mL/min) |
| 7 | Bridge electric current | 100mA |
| 8 | Sample size | 1.0mL |
| 9 | Temperature of vaporization chamber | 150℃ |
| 10 | Detector temperature | 150℃ |
In following example, in the sample of preparation, the content of incoagulable gas is volume content.
In following example, the content of incoagulable gas in external standard method sample, carry out according to AHRI 700-2014.
In following example, the purity for the R1234yf for preparing sample is more than 99.9%, the purity of R1216 be 99.9% with
On.
Incoagulable gas assay in embodiment 1:R1234yf product gas phase
(1) the R1234yf standard sample preparation containing incoagulable gas
It in the 30L foil laminated film airbag handled well, is filled with 77.17g R1234yf and 0.35g incoagulability successively with Subtraction method
Gas, mixes the R1234yf standard sample 1 i.e. obtaining containing 1.75% (volume content, lower same) incoagulable gas.Similarly,
It in the 30L foil laminated film airbag handled well, is filled with 95.15g R1234yf and 0.21g incoagulable gas successively with Subtraction method,
Mix the R1234yf standard sample 2 i.e. obtaining containing 0.86% incoagulable gas.The purity of the R1234yf being filled with is 99.9%
Above.
(2) mensuration of incoagulable gas Relative mole (or volume) correction factor in R1234yf standard sample
The R1234yf standard sample 1 containing 1.75% incoagulable gas preparing step (1), with sealing syringe sample introduction to gas phase
Chromatograph, sample size is 1.0mL, gained test result and relative friction index result of calculation such as table 2 below.Measure by first,
Second two analysis personnel complete.
Relative mole (or volume) the correction factor measurement result of table the 2nd, R1234yf standard sample 1
The R1234yf standard sample 2 containing 0.86% incoagulable gas preparing step (1), with sealing syringe sample introduction to gas phase
Chromatograph, sample size is 1.0mL, gained test result and relative friction index result of calculation such as table 3 below.Measure by first,
Second two analysis personnel complete.
Relative mole (or volume) the correction factor measurement result of table the 3rd, R1234yf standard sample 2
Being averaged the correction factor that table 2 and table 3 obtain, obtaining correction factor is 2.065.
(3) mensuration of incoagulable gas content in R1234yf product gas phase
According to the method described in step (1), preparation contains the R1234yf outturn sample 1 of 0.8% incoagulable gas and contains 0.2% not
The R1234yf outturn sample 2 of solidifying property gas.
It by the R1234yf outturn sample 1 containing 0.8% incoagulable gas, with sealing syringe sample introduction to gas chromatograph, sample size is
1.0mL, gained test result such as table 4 below.External standard method in herein and below, is carried out according to AHRI 700-2014.Table 4 He
The correction factor that table 5 uses is 2.065.
The measurement result of table the 4th, the R1234yf outturn sample 1 containing 0.8% incoagulable gas
It by the R1234yf outturn sample 2 containing 0.2% incoagulable gas, with sealing syringe sample introduction to gas chromatograph, sample size is
1.0mL, gained test result such as table 5 below.
The measurement result of table the 5th, the R1234yf sample 2 containing 0.2% incoagulable gas
Knowable to table 4 and table 5, mole (or volume) rectification area normalization method and external standard method are to same R1234yf sample gas
In phase, incoagulable gas assay result is more consistent, and the assay method that the present invention provides is feasible.
Incoagulable gas assay in embodiment the 2nd, R1216 product gas phase
(1) the R1216 standard sample preparation containing incoagulable gas
It in the 30L foil laminated film airbag handled well, is filled with 108.92g R1216 and 0.69g incoagulability successively with Subtraction method
Gas, mixes the R1216 standard sample 1 i.e. obtaining containing 3.17% incoagulable gas.Similarly, at the 30L aluminium foil handled well
It in composite membrane airbag, is filled with 110.16g R1216 and 0.24g incoagulable gas with Subtraction method successively, mixes and i.e. obtain containing 1.11%
The R1216 standard sample 2 of incoagulable gas.The purity of the R1216 being filled with is more than 99.9%.
(2) mensuration of incoagulable gas Relative mole (or volume) correction factor in R1216 standard sample
The R1216 standard sample 1 containing 3.17% incoagulable gas preparing step (1), with sealing syringe sample introduction to gas phase look
Spectrometer, sample size is 1.0mL, gained test result and relative friction index result of calculation such as table 6 below.Measure by first, second
Two analysis personnel complete.
Relative mole (or volume) the correction factor measurement result of table the 6th, R1216 standard sample 1
The R1216 standard sample 2 containing 1.11% incoagulable gas preparing step (1), with sealing syringe sample introduction to gas phase look
Spectrometer, sample size is 1.0mL, gained test result and relative friction index result of calculation such as table 7 below.Measure by first, second
Two analysis personnel complete.
Relative mole (or volume) the correction factor measurement result of table the 7th, R1216 standard sample 2
Being averaged the correction factor that table 6 and table 7 obtain, obtaining correction factor is 2.133.
(3) mensuration of incoagulable gas content in R1216 product gas phase
According to the method described in step (1), preparation contains the R1216 outturn sample 1 of 1.0% incoagulable gas and does not coagulates containing 0.5%
The R1234yf outturn sample 2 of property gas.
It by the R1216 outturn sample 1 containing 1.0% incoagulable gas, with sealing syringe sample introduction to gas chromatograph, sample size is
1.0mL, gained test result such as table 8 below.The correction factor that table 8 and table 9 use is 2.133.
The measurement result of table the 8th, the R1216 outturn sample 1 containing 1.0% incoagulable gas
It by the R1216 outturn sample 2 containing 0.5% incoagulable gas, with sealing syringe sample introduction to gas chromatograph, sample size is
1.0mL, gained test result such as table 9 below.
The measurement result of table the 9th, the R1216 outturn sample 2 containing 0.5% incoagulable gas
Knowable to table 8 and table 9, mole (or volume) rectification area normalization method and external standard method are to same R1234yf sample gas
In phase, incoagulable gas assay result is more consistent, and the assay method that the present invention provides is feasible.
Claims (8)
1. the method for incoagulable gas content in a gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase, it is characterised in that make Fluorine containing olefine lead to
Crossing gas chromatograph to measure the content of wherein incoagulable gas, the condition determination of described gas chromatograph is:
Chromatographic column: Porapak Q [(1～6) m × (1～7) mm)] packed column；
Fixing phase particle diameter: 0.10mm～0.60mm；
Chromatographic column column temperature: 50 DEG C～250 DEG C；
Carrier gas flux: 10mL/min～100mL/min；
Sample size: 0.05mL～2.00mL.
2. the method according to incoagulable gas content in the gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase described in claim 1, its feature
It is described:
Chromatographic column: Porapak Q [(1～3) m × (1～4) mm)] packed column；
Fixing phase particle diameter: 0.10mm～0.40mm；
Chromatographic column column temperature: 80 DEG C～150 DEG C；
Carrier gas flux: 10mL/min～60mL/min；
Sample size: 0.05mL～1.50mL.
3. the method according to incoagulable gas content in the gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase described in claim 2, its feature
It is described:
Chromatographic column: Porapak Q [(1～2) m × (2～4) mm)] packed column；
Fixing phase particle diameter: 0.10mm～0.30mm；
Chromatographic column column temperature: 90 DEG C～120 DEG C；
Carrier gas flux: 20mL/min～40mL/min；
Sample size: 0.08mL～1.00mL.
4. the method according to incoagulable gas content in the gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase described in claim 1, its feature
The detector being gas chromatograph is thermal conductivity detector (TCD), the temperature of detector is 100 DEG C～300 DEG C, bridge stream is 80mA～
150mA。
5. the method according to incoagulable gas content in the gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase described in claim 4, its feature
Be the temperature of detector be 100 DEG C～200 DEG C, bridge stream be 80mA～120mA.
6. the method according to incoagulable gas content in the gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase described in claim 1, its feature
It is that the content of described incoagulable gas calculates according to mole (or volume) rectification area normalization method.
7. the method according to incoagulable gas content in the gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase described in claim 1, its feature
It is that described Fluorine containing olefine is Fluorine containing olefine below 0 DEG C for the boiling point.
8. the method according to incoagulable gas content in the gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase described in claim 7, its feature
It is that described Fluorine containing olefine includes 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 3,3,3-trifluoro propene, cis
1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510127217.3A CN106153738B (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2015-03-23 | Method for measuring content of non-condensable gas in gas phase of fluorine-containing olefin by gas chromatography |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510127217.3A CN106153738B (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2015-03-23 | Method for measuring content of non-condensable gas in gas phase of fluorine-containing olefin by gas chromatography |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106153738A true CN106153738A (en) | 2016-11-23 |
| CN106153738B CN106153738B (en) | 2020-04-17 |
Family
ID=58063844
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510127217.3A Active CN106153738B (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2015-03-23 | Method for measuring content of non-condensable gas in gas phase of fluorine-containing olefin by gas chromatography |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106153738B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109596723A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-04-09 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | A kind of method that gas chromatography measures impurity in cis- -1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene |
| CN110441406A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-12 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | A kind of method that gas chromatography measures 1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene product purity and its impurity content |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080069177A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-20 | Minor Barbara H | Method of detecting leaks of fluoroolefin compositions and sensors used therefor |
| CN102087252A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-08 | 屠国强 | Method for testing and analyzing pentafluoroethane |
| CN104109077A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-10-22 | 浙江工业大学 | A preparing method of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene |
-
2015
- 2015-03-23 CN CN201510127217.3A patent/CN106153738B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080069177A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-20 | Minor Barbara H | Method of detecting leaks of fluoroolefin compositions and sensors used therefor |
| CN102087252A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-08 | 屠国强 | Method for testing and analyzing pentafluoroethane |
| CN104109077A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-10-22 | 浙江工业大学 | A preparing method of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| H.MACCHI-TEJEDA等: "Contribution to the gas chromatographic analysis for both refrigerants composition and cell gas in insulating foams-Part I:Method", 《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION》 * |
| 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局: "《中华人民共和国国家标准》", 28 February 2007, 中国标准出版社 * |
| 吕文姬等: "R134a的快速高效气相色谱鉴别", 《广东化工》 * |
| 胡瑜麟等: "制冷剂中不凝性气体的气相色谱法测定", 《有机氟工业》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109596723A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-04-09 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | A kind of method that gas chromatography measures impurity in cis- -1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene |
| CN110441406A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-12 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | A kind of method that gas chromatography measures 1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene product purity and its impurity content |
| CN110441406B (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2022-04-22 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring purity and impurity content of 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene product by gas chromatography |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106153738B (en) | 2020-04-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Miller et al. | Medusa: A sample preconcentration and GC/MS detector system for in situ measurements of atmospheric trace halocarbons, hydrocarbons, and sulfur compounds | |
| Salgado et al. | Density and viscosity of three (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol+ 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) ionic liquid binary systems | |
| Ghimenti et al. | Comparison of sampling bags for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in breath | |
| Cousins et al. | Sealed gravitational capillary viscometry of dimethyl ether and two next-generation alternative refrigerants | |
| Wu et al. | Development of analysis of volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances in indoor air using thermal desorption-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry | |
| Forte et al. | Experimental and molecular modeling study of the three-phase behavior of (n-decane+ carbon dioxide+ water) at reservoir conditions | |
| CN106153738A (en) | A kind of method of incoagulable gas content in gas chromatography determination Fluorine containing olefine gas phase | |
| Gao et al. | Non-ideal viscosity and excess molar volume of mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4mim][BF4]) with water | |
| Gomis et al. | Phase equilibria of the water+ 1-butanol+ toluene ternary system at 101.3 kPa | |
| Comandini et al. | Thermal decomposition of 1-pentyl radicals at high pressures and temperatures | |
| CN104914172A (en) | Method for measuring fluorine gas content in fluorine-containing mixing gas through gas chromatography method | |
| Lourenço et al. | A potential method for comparing instrumental analysis of volatile organic compounds using standards calibrated for the gas phase | |
| Ohgaki et al. | Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibriums for systems ethyl ether-carbon dioxide and methyl acetate-carbon dioxide at high pressures | |
| Cheng et al. | Applications of Hadamard transform-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to online detection of exhaled breath after drinking or smoking | |
| Patrushev et al. | Investigation of the loading capacity of multicapillary chromatographic columns | |
| Subramoney et al. | Experimental vapour–liquid equilibrium data and modeling for binary mixtures of 1-butene with 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-hexafluoro-1-propene, 2, 2, 3-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl) oxirane, or difluoromethane | |
| CN105548376B (en) | A kind of method that gas chromatography determines impurity in 2,3,3,3 tetrafluoropropene products | |
| CN112946126B (en) | Device and method for quantifying and determining impurities in high-purity chlorine trifluoride | |
| Wu et al. | Determination and evaluation of gas holdup time with the quadratic equation model and comparison with nonlinear models for isothermal gas chromatography | |
| Ming-Gang et al. | Simultaneous determination of chlorofluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride in seawater based on a purge and trap gas chromatographic system | |
| Tomassetti et al. | Solid–liquid equilibria of binary systems containing low global warming potential refrigerants | |
| Wu et al. | Comparison of solvent extraction and thermal desorption methods for determination of volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances in the urban atmosphere | |
| Song et al. | Measurement and correlation of (vapour–liquid) equilibrium for binary mixtures composed of 1-(ethoxymethoxy)-propane with ethanol and 1-propanol at 101.33 kPa | |
| CN110441406A (en) | A kind of method that gas chromatography measures 1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene product purity and its impurity content | |
| Outcalt et al. | Compressed-liquid densities of the binary mixture dimethyl carbonate+ heptane at three compositions |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |