CN106153656A - A kind of X fluorescence spectrum method rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element - Google Patents

A kind of X fluorescence spectrum method rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106153656A
CN106153656A CN201610776717.4A CN201610776717A CN106153656A CN 106153656 A CN106153656 A CN 106153656A CN 201610776717 A CN201610776717 A CN 201610776717A CN 106153656 A CN106153656 A CN 106153656A
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sample
soil
cadmium
fluorescence spectrum
spectrum method
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刘召贵
李强
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Jiangsu Skyray Instrument Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Skyray Instrument Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/22Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
    • G01N23/223Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of X fluorescence spectrum method rapid assay methods to heavy metals in soil cadmium, including: 1) take a certain amount of soil powder;2) described soil powder loaded specimen cup and is compacted with Manual tablet pressing machine, forming testing sample;3) being put into by testing sample in sample test box, this testing cassete includes: shell, and described shell upper end has hole, is provided with shell fragment in hole;Sample stage, described sample stage is arranged on the bottom of described enclosure;Hand-held set, there is N number of groove described hand-held set front end, and described hand-held set is coupled with described sample test box by the cooperation of groove and described shell fragment;4) X fluorescence spectrum method is utilized to measure the X-fluorescence intensity of testing sample;And 5) X-fluorescence intensity based on described testing sample, it is calculated the rapid determination of content of cadmium element in this soil;The method of the invention uses Portable X fluorescent spectrometry that pedotheque can directly carry out cadmium element quantitative analysis, test rate of accuracy reached is to more than 96%, method of testing is simple to operate, pollution-free, no material consumption, simultaneously, the assay method of embodiments of the invention has the further advantage that volume is little, portable, facilitate field work, field assay.

Description

A kind of X fluorescence spectrum method rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element
Technical field
The present invention relates to environment measuring, it particularly relates to the assay method of a kind of Cadmium in Soil element.
Background technology
In recent years, heavy metal pollution Frequent Accidents, these heavy metal pollution events not only bring great warp to society Ji loss also threatens the healthy living of people, also causes the great attention of relevant environmental administration of country, simultaneously heavy metal-polluted Dye preventing and treating, in-depth heavy metal monitoring pendulum is more urgent, more importantly on position;, GB in soil a huge sum of money The detection belonging to element cadmium substantially belongs to chemical detection method, sample need to be carried out acid treatment, and processing method typically uses microwave to disappear Solution, Wet method etc., complex operation, use strong acid simultaneously, have a large amount of acid gas to produce, whole sample processing time is long, extremely Few 2 hours, waste time and energy;The method can only sampling and testing simultaneously, it is impossible to meet the requirement of on-the-spot quickly test.
In order to meet the requirement of on-the-spot quickly test, we study use Portable X fluorescent spectrometry to the cadmium in soil Detection, it is only necessary to soil is carried out field investigation and sampling, quickly prepares, precisely test, early stage preparation method is simple, and uses X-fluorescence light Spectrometry can carry out a keyization operation, it is not necessary to professional training can complete, simple to operate.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, need to overcome at least one in drawbacks described above of the prior art.
The invention provides a kind of X fluorescence spectrum method rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, including: 1) Take a certain amount of soil powder;
2) described soil powder loaded specimen cup and is compacted with Manual tablet pressing machine, forming testing sample;
3) being put into by testing sample in sample test box, this testing cassete includes:
Shell, described shell upper end has hole, is provided with shell fragment in hole;
Sample stage, described sample stage is arranged on the bottom of described enclosure;
Hand-held set, there is N number of groove described hand-held set front end, and described hand-held set is by groove and the cooperation of described shell fragment and described sample Product testing cassete couples;
4) X fluorescence spectrum method is utilized to measure the X-fluorescence intensity of testing sample;And
5) X-fluorescence intensity based on described testing sample, is calculated the rapid determination of content of cadmium element in this soil.
Use is dried, grinds, is crossed a series of pre-treatments such as mesh sieve, and these pre-treatments one can make powder sample granule to be measured Evenly, two can make the powder sample of certain granules size be left out, and generally, are that size is specific more than certain The powder particle of size forecloses, to ensure regularity and the repeatability of the cadmium element test in powder sample, it practice, Large effect is there is in the size of granule to test result accuracy;After crossing mesh sieve, powder is sufficiently mixed, it is ensured that Sample homogeneity;Ensure the granularity of sample simultaneously, reduce grain dispersion and the impact of mineral effect of X-fluorescence test.
Meanwhile, the assay method of embodiments of the invention has the further advantage that sample treatment is simple, only uses letter Either simplex tool carries out early stage to sample to be prepared, and sample pre-treatments only needs 2min;Instrument test is simple, and a key operates With, and without any waste consumable, instrument possesses sample test box, it is ensured that test safe and reliable.
It addition, according to the X fluorescence spectrum method disclosed by the invention rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, also There is following additional technical feature:
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in described step 4), it is calculated the cadmium in this soil by following formula (1) Constituent content,
C=bI+a (1)
Cadmium element weight/mass percentage composition during wherein C represents soil, I represents the X-fluorescence intensity of testing sample, b and a is fixing ginseng Number.
Utilizing the test philosophy of X fluorescence spectrometer, the content of cadmium is directly proportional to the X-fluorescence intensity obtained after the cadmium excited, Thus, according to obtained X-fluorescence intensity, can be in the hope of the cadmium content in this soil.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, described preset parameter b and a is to obtain by the following method:
4-1) by the soil powder of known for a series of difference cadmium content, obtain the standard sample of different known cadmium content, by it Load specimen cup and be compacted with Manual tablet pressing machine;
4-2) measure the X-fluorescence intensity of the standard sample of different known cadmium content respectively, and be based respectively on each cadmium content and its phase Corresponding X-fluorescence intensity demarcates standard curve;
4-3) by following equation of linear regression, obtain preset parameter b and a,
Wherein, with represent the average quality percentage composition of standard sample of the most known cadmium content and average X-fluorescence intensity respectively.
It should be noted that the value of b and a is referred to the preset parameter of instrument, it is also possible to by the soil of standard cadmium content Earth is by asking for standard curve, and is tried to achieve by equation of linear regression.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step 2) in described soil powder in preferred described loading specimen cup Weight accounts for less than the 1/10 of the weight of the soil powder obtained by step 1).
Prepare a large amount of powder and take wherein certain proportion part and detect, the repeatable of test can be better ensured that Property and precision.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the weight of soil powder obtained in described step 1) is 100 grams.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, step 4-1) in, the quantity of described standard sample is more than or equal to 4.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, described hand-held set also includes: X-fluorescence emitter, the internal peace of described hand-held set Equipped with described X-fluorescence emitter.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, described sample detection box also includes: handle plate, and described handle plate is arranged on institute State the side of sample detection box, and be connected with described shell fragment by elastomeric element.
During detection sample, the front end of described hand-held set is put into the hole of described detection box upper end, pulls described handle plate, institute State in the groove that shell fragment inserts described hand-held set, make described hand-held set and described sample detection box compact siro spinning technology, prevent radiation from letting out Leakage;
After sample detection completes, pulling described handle plate, described shell fragment ejects the groove of described hand-held set, takes out described hand-held set ?.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, pressure during described Manual tablet pressing machine tabletting: between 20MPa-22 MPa.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the number of recesses on described hand-held set is: N is more than or equal to 2, and relatively sets Put.
Being provided with Pressure gauge on Manual tablet pressing machine, it is possible to grasp the size of pressure accurately, test sample is treated in the compacting of the present invention The pressure of product is: between 20MPa-22 MPa, and the sample homogeneity that this pressure limit suppresses out is good, suitably eliminates granule Degree effect and the impact of mineral effect, assist tabletting with boric acid during compacting sample simultaneously.
Use described Manual tablet pressing machine and described portable example testing cassete can carry out the most at the scene sample making and Sample detection, substantially increases efficiency and the precision of sample detection;Described portable example detection box is directly pacified by shell fragment It is contained on sample room, sample can be placed before sample room, wherein also have the thickest stereotype, be possible to prevent radiation leakage, this company The convenient plug of the mode that connects, gap is little, and simple in construction is easy to operate, high safety.
Aspect and advantage that the present invention adds will part be given in the following description, and part will become from the following description Obtain substantially, or recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or the additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become from the following description of the accompanying drawings of embodiments Substantially with easy to understand, wherein:
The flow chart of Fig. 1 present invention;
The schematic diagram of the portable example detection box of Fig. 2 position present invention;
In figure, 1 is hand-held set, and 2 is handle version, and 3 is shell.
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiments described below is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and can not be construed to the limit to the present invention System.
The X fluorescence spectrum method quick mensuration to heavy metal in soil cadmium element of the present invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawings Method, wherein Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention.
According to embodiments of the invention, as it is shown in figure 1, the invention provides a kind of X fluorescence spectrum method to a huge sum of money in soil Belong to the rapid assay methods of cadmium element, including:
1) a certain amount of soil powder is taken;
2) described soil powder loaded specimen cup and is compacted with Manual tablet pressing machine, forming testing sample;
3) being put into by testing sample in sample test box, this testing cassete includes:
Shell 3, described shell 3 upper end has hole, is provided with shell fragment in hole;
Sample stage, described sample stage is arranged on the bottom within described shell 3;
Hand-held set 1, there is N number of groove described hand-held set 1 front end, and described hand-held set 1 is by groove and the cooperation of described shell fragment and institute State sample test box to couple;
4) X fluorescence spectrum method is utilized to measure the X-fluorescence intensity of testing sample;And
5) X-fluorescence intensity based on described testing sample, is calculated the rapid determination of content of cadmium element in this soil.
When fetching earth earth powder, soil is carried out drying, grind, cross a series of pre-treatments such as mesh sieve, choose as far as possible Grain sample little, uniform, it is ensured that sample homogeneity;Ensure the granularity of sample simultaneously, reduce the grain dispersion of X-fluorescence test And the impact of mineral effect, it is also possible to ensure the high precision of test.
Using drying, grind, cross the pre-treatments one such as mesh sieve and can make powder sample granule to be measured evenly, two can make one The powder sample determining granular size is left out, and generally, is size to be arranged more than the powder particle of certain specific dimensions Except outside, to ensure regularity and the repeatability of the cadmium element test in powder sample, it practice, the size of granule is to test There is large effect in result accuracy;After crossing mesh sieve, powder is sufficiently mixed, it is ensured that sample homogeneity;Simultaneously Ensure the granularity of sample, reduce grain dispersion and the impact of mineral effect of X-fluorescence test.
Meanwhile, the assay method of embodiments of the invention has the further advantage that sample treatment is simple, only uses letter Either simplex tool carries out early stage to sample to be prepared, and sample pre-treatments only needs 2min;Instrument test is simple, and a key operates With, and without any waste consumable, instrument possesses sample test box, it is ensured that test safe and reliable.
According in embodiments of the invention, step one, measuring formula is:
C=bI+a;
Wherein C represents testing sample content, and I represents the X-fluorescence intensity of testing sample;
Wherein equation of linear regression is:
According to embodiments of the invention, described preset parameter b and a is to obtain by the following method:
4-1) by the soil powder of known for a series of difference cadmium content, obtain the standard sample of different known cadmium content, by it Load specimen cup and be compacted with Manual tablet pressing machine;
4-2) measure the X-fluorescence intensity of the standard sample of different known cadmium content respectively, and be based respectively on each cadmium content and its phase Corresponding X-fluorescence intensity demarcates standard curve;
4-3) by following equation of linear regression, obtain preset parameter b and a,
Wherein, with represent the average quality percentage composition of standard sample of the most known cadmium content and average X-fluorescence intensity respectively.
It should be noted that the value of b and a is referred to the preset parameter of instrument, it is also possible to by the soil of standard cadmium content Earth is by asking for standard curve, and is tried to achieve by equation of linear regression.
Preferably, in step 4-1) in sample adds a certain proportion of nickel element, that removes between adjacent element is dry Disturb, the double and interference at peak and the interference etc. of escape peak, go out to affect the influence value of element, at test process by coefficient calculations In this influence value is subtracted out.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step 2, the powder dose in described loading specimen cup with described quantitatively The ratio of soil is 1/10.
Alternatively, described quantitative soil is 100 grams.
Alternatively, the powder dose in described loading specimen cup is 10 grams.
According in some embodiments of the present invention, step one, the quantity of described standard sample is more than or equal to 4.
Also include according to hand-held set described in some embodiments of the present invention 1: X-fluorescence emitter, the internal peace of described hand-held set 1 Equipped with described X-fluorescence emitter.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, described sample detection box also includes: handle plate 2, and described handle plate 2 is arranged on The side of described sample detection box, and be connected with described shell fragment by elastomeric element.
During detection sample, the front end of described hand-held set 1 is put into the hole of described detection box upper end, pulls described handle plate 2, Described shell fragment inserts in the groove of described hand-held set 1, makes described hand-held set 1 and described sample detection box compact siro spinning technology, prevents spoke Penetrate leakage;
After sample detection completes, pulling described handle plate 2, described shell fragment ejects the groove of described hand-held set 1, takes out described hand-held Machine 1.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, pressure during described Manual tablet pressing machine tabletting: between 20MPa-22 MPa.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the number of recesses on described hand-held set 1 is: N is more than or equal to 2, and relatively sets Put.
Being provided with Pressure gauge on Manual tablet pressing machine, it is possible to grasp the size of pressure accurately, test sample is treated in the compacting of the present invention The pressure of product is: between 20MPa-22 MPa, and the sample homogeneity that this pressure limit suppresses out is good, suitably eliminates granule Degree effect and the impact of mineral effect, assist tabletting with boric acid during compacting sample simultaneously.
Use described Manual tablet pressing machine and described portable example testing cassete can carry out the most at the scene sample making and Sample detection, substantially increases efficiency and the precision of sample detection;Described portable example detection box is directly pacified by shell fragment Being contained on sample room, the convenient plug of this connected mode, gap is little, in case radiation leakage, simple in construction, easy to operate, safety Property is strong.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the test shooting condition of curve is: excite pipe pressure 30-70KV (kilovolt), swashs Send out pipe flow 30-90 μ A(microampere), optical filter: copper sheet (thickness 0.1-1 millimeter), cadmium element detected energy level: 18-30 KeV.
Preferably, the test shooting condition of curve is: excites pipe pressure 40-50KV (kilovolt), excites pipe flow 50-70 μ A(micro- Peace), optical filter: copper sheet (thickness 0.1-0.8 millimeter), cadmium element detected energy level: 23-25 KeV.
Below, reference example, describe the method for testing of the present invention in detail.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in the case of full background, weigh the soil powder of a series of known cadmium content End sample (crossing 40 mesh sieves) about 10g, loads specimen cup, and uses Manual tablet pressing machine to be compacted by pedotheque, to get standard samples;
Measure the X fluorescence spectrum of above-mentioned standard sample, obtain the X-fluorescence intensity of known content standard sample, and according to concentration and its Corresponding X-fluorescence intensity makes standard curve;
According to standard curve, by following equation of linear regression, obtain preset parameter b and a,
Wherein, with represent the average quality percentage composition of standard sample of the most known cadmium content and average X-fluorescence intensity respectively.
Take 100g pedotheque, dry, grind, cross mesh sieve;
Weighing 10g soil powder sample, load specimen cup, and use Manual tablet pressing machine to be compacted by sample, it is glimmering that preparation becomes applicable X The powder sample to be measured of optical tests;
Testing sample is put into portable example testing cassete detect;
Measure the X fluorescence spectrum of powder sample to be measured, obtain its X-fluorescence intensity, and be calculated this soil by following formula (1) Rapid determination of content of cadmium element in earth,
C=bI+a (1)
Cadmium element weight/mass percentage composition during wherein C represents soil, I represents the X-fluorescence intensity of testing sample, b and a is fixing ginseng Number.
Although the multiple illustrative examples with reference to the present invention have carried out detailed retouching to the detailed description of the invention of the present invention State, it must be understood that those skilled in the art can be designed that multiple other improvement and embodiment, these improve and implement Example will fall within spirit and scope.Specifically, in the scope of aforementioned disclosure, accompanying drawing and claim Within, rational modification and improvement can be made in terms of the layout of parts and/or sub-combination layout, without departing from The spirit of the present invention.Except the modification in terms of parts and/or layout and improvement, its scope is by claims and equivalent thereof Thing limits.

Claims (10)

1. the X fluorescence spectrum method rapid assay methods to heavy metals in soil cadmium, it is characterised in that including:
1) a certain amount of soil powder is taken;
2) described soil powder loaded specimen cup and is compacted with Manual tablet pressing machine, forming testing sample;
3) being put into by testing sample in sample test box, this testing cassete includes:
Shell, described shell upper end has hole, is provided with shell fragment in hole;
Sample stage, described sample stage is arranged on the bottom of described enclosure;
Hand-held set, there is N number of groove described hand-held set front end, and described hand-held set is by groove and the cooperation of described shell fragment and described sample Product testing cassete couples;
4) X fluorescence spectrum method is utilized to measure the X-fluorescence intensity of testing sample;And
5) X-fluorescence intensity based on described testing sample, is calculated the rapid determination of content of cadmium element in this soil.
The X fluorescence spectrum method the most according to claim 1 rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, its feature It is, in described step 5), is calculated the rapid determination of content of cadmium element in this soil by following formula (1),
C=bI+a (1)
Cadmium element weight/mass percentage composition during wherein C represents soil, I represents the X-fluorescence intensity of testing sample, b and a is fixing ginseng Number.
The X fluorescence spectrum method the most according to claim 2 rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, its feature Being, described preset parameter b and a is to obtain by the following method:
4-1) by the soil powder of known for a series of difference cadmium content, obtain the standard sample of different known cadmium content, by it Load specimen cup and be compacted with Manual tablet pressing machine;
4-2) measure the X-fluorescence intensity of the standard sample of different known cadmium content respectively, and be based respectively on each cadmium content and its phase Corresponding X-fluorescence intensity demarcates standard curve;
4-3) by following equation of linear regression, obtain preset parameter b and a,
Wherein, with represent the average quality percentage composition of standard sample of the most known cadmium content and average X-fluorescence intensity respectively.
The X fluorescence spectrum method the most according to claim 1 rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, its feature Be, in step 2) described in load the weight of the described soil powder in specimen cup and account for the soil powder obtained by step 1) Weight less than 1/10.
The X fluorescence spectrum method the most according to claim 4 rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, its feature Being, the weight of soil powder obtained in described step 1) is 100 grams.
The X fluorescence spectrum method the most according to claim 3 rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, its feature It is, step 4-1) in, the quantity of described standard sample is more than or equal to 4.
The X fluorescence spectrum method the most according to claim 1 rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, it is special Levying and be, described hand-held set also includes:
X-fluorescence emitter, described hand-held set is internally installed described X-fluorescence emitter.
The X fluorescence spectrum method the most according to claim 1 rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, it is special Levying and be, described sample detection box also includes:
Handle plate, described handle plate is arranged on the side of described sample detection box, and is connected with described shell fragment by elastomeric element.
The X fluorescence spectrum method the most according to claim 1 rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, it is special Levy and be, pressure during described Manual tablet pressing machine tabletting: between 20MPa-22 MPa.
The X fluorescence spectrum method the most according to claim 1 rapid assay methods to heavy metal in soil cadmium element, it is special Levying and be, the number of recesses on described hand-held set is: N is more than or equal to 2, and is oppositely arranged.
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Application publication date: 20161123