CN106150762A - The liquid hydrogen vaporization control method of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane - Google Patents
The liquid hydrogen vaporization control method of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane Download PDFInfo
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- CN106150762A CN106150762A CN201610634367.8A CN201610634367A CN106150762A CN 106150762 A CN106150762 A CN 106150762A CN 201610634367 A CN201610634367 A CN 201610634367A CN 106150762 A CN106150762 A CN 106150762A
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- hydrogen
- unmanned plane
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
- F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management technical field, it is specifically related to the liquid hydrogen vaporization control method of a kind of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane, it is by reducing the insulated design requirement of hydrogen storage vessel, then the liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel is controlled in real time by engine exhaust heat, make the consumption of hydrogen fuel amount balance of liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity and unmanned plane each flight operating mode, thus effectively reduce the weight of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management system, improve the payload weight of unmanned plane, simplify actively vaporization to control, reduce the spill-out of liquid hydrogen.The present invention utilizes engine exhaust heat to control liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity, consumption regulation engine exhaust amount according to hydrogen fuel, dynamic realtime control can be carried out for different hydro Fuel Consumption, improve the utilization ratio of hydrogen energy source, reduce hydrogen storage vessel deadweight, provide reliable and feasible method for hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management technical field, be specifically related to the liquid hydrogen of a kind of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane
Vaporization control method.
Background technology
Hydrogen energy source unmanned plane typically uses fuel cell or hydrogen-fuel engine as power set, and patent of the present invention is main
For the unmanned plane using hydrogen-fuel engine as power set.Under normal temperature and pressure, the density of liquid hydrogen is 845 times of Gaseous Hydrogen, liquid
The volume energy density of hydrogen is higher more than 10 times than Gaseous Hydrogen compression storage, and therefore the most most current hydrogen energy source unmanned plane is all
The method using liquified hydrogen storage.Hydrogen_cooling to-253 degree Celsius need to be become liquid by liquified hydrogen storage, is then stored
In the thermally insulated container of fine vacuum for.Owing in storage container, liquid hydrogen differs greatly with ambient temperature, hold for controlling storage
Liquid hydrogen evaporation loss in device and the safety (freeze proof, pressure-bearing etc.) of container, to the selection of the adiabator of liquid hydrogen storage container and
The design of container is the highest.General liquid hydrogen storage tank is divided into inside and outside two-layer, and it is the liquid hydrogen of-253 degrees Celsius that internal layer contains temperature, passes through
The supporter being made up of longer glass fibre is placed in outer casing center, interlayer central filler multilamellar aluminium plating terylene film, subtracts
Few heat radiation, spreads sheathing paper between each thin film, increase thermal resistance, the residual gas under absorption low temperature, pump interlayer with vacuum pump
Interior air, forms fine vacuum and avoids gaseous exchange leakage heat, prevent the too early of hydrogen from vaporizing.Traditional hydrogen storage vessel internal layer is general
Using the metal material (such as rustless steel) that NdFeB permanent magnets is good, owing to insulated design requires height, the weight of storage container mainly consumes
In insulated design, show according to calculating that the liquid hydrogen storage tank of the heavy 200kg that insulated design is good is only capable of carrying the liquid hydrogen of 17kg,
This there is no bigger advantage relative to common aviation gasoline or kerosene storage.The liquid hydrogen storage tank that insulated design is good simultaneously is to confession
The insulation requirements of hydrogen pipeline is the highest, adds the weight of pipeline, simultaneously need to increase special carburator to carry out the vapour of liquid hydrogen
Change, add design weight.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of liquid for the highly efficient light hydrogen energy source unmanned plane of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane
Hydrogen vaporization control method;It, by reducing the insulated design requirement of hydrogen storage vessel, is then controlled by engine exhaust heat in real time
The liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel processed, makes the consumption of hydrogen fuel amount balance of liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity and unmanned plane each flight operating mode, thus
Effectively reduce the weight of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management system, improve the payload weight of unmanned plane, simplify actively vaporization
Control, reduce the spill-out of liquid hydrogen.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides techniques below scheme: the liquid hydrogen vaporization of a kind of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane is controlled
Method processed, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: determine hydrogen energy source unmanned plane power demand under each flight operating mode;
Step 2: according to the consumption of hydrogen fuel amount under engine test bench characteristic curve acquisition different capacity demand;
Step 3: determine the heat needed for the liquid hydrogen vaporization under hydrogen energy source unmanned plane consumption of hydrogen fuel amount;
Step 4: determine the heat transfer efficiency of hydrogen storage vessel;
Step 5: control to be delivered to the engine exhaust amount of hydrogen storage vessel, make hydrogen storage vessel liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity disappear with hydrogen fuel
Consumption balances, particularly as follows: during unmanned plane cruising phase, the natural evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel is in a basic balance with consumption of hydrogen fuel amount,
Control to carry out trace regulation now by engine exhaust heat;Unmanned plane takes off or during ramp-up period, and electromotor is high-power defeated
Going out, the natural evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel is less than consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, increases liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity now by engine exhaust heat, meets
Fuel consumption demand;When unmanned plane decline or landing period, electromotor small-power exports, if now the evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel is big
In consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, then discharge surplus hydrogen.
In step 1, flight control system collection the flying height of unmanned plane, flight speed, the appearance of unmanned plane are obtained
The parameter such as state, engine speed, confirms the power P needed for unmanned plane according to flight performance data storehouse;
In step 2, consumption of hydrogen fuel amount m under electromotor different capacity is obtained according to engine test bench characteristic Map figure;
In step 3, the vaporization heat consumption of liquid hydrogen is: qVaporization=m Δ Hvap
Wherein:
ΔHvapFor the latent heat of vaporization dimension of hydrogen, KJ/kg;
In above formula:
T is the saturation temperature of liquid hydrogen;
TcCritical temperature for hydrogen;
In steps of 5, for making liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity balance with consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, then engine exhaust heat amount should be with vaporization
Required heat is identical, i.e. there is below equation:
qVaporization=qWaste heat/η
qWaste heat=CpρVΔT
Then the exhaust volume needed for liquid hydrogen vaporization is:
Wherein:
CpFor the specific heat capacity of engine exhaust, J/ (kg.K);ρ is the density of engine exhaust;
Δ T is the temperature difference of engine exhaust temperature and liquid hydrogen storage tank temperature;
η is hydrogen storage vessel heat transfer efficiency.
In described step 5, hydrogen storage vessel liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity balances with consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, refers to by engine exhaust heat
Amount controls liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity;The volume of aerofluxus needed for heat of engine employing throttle valve control.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
By such scheme, it is different from existing hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management method, it is allowed to hydrogen storage vessel has necessarily
Seepage index (specific targets determine according to the characterisitic parameter of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane), use exhaust heat control liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity with
Consumption of hydrogen fuel amount balances, and reduces the insulation requirement of LHC, thus reduces the deadweight of hydrogen storage vessel, simplifies hydrogen combustion
The control of material management system, improves the payload weight of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane.
To sum up, the present invention utilizes engine exhaust heat to control liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity, regulates electromotor according to the consumption of hydrogen fuel
Capacity, can carry out dynamic realtime control for different hydro Fuel Consumption, improve the utilization ratio of hydrogen energy source, reduce storage
Hydrogen tank is conducted oneself with dignity, and provides reliable and feasible method for hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For ease of understanding, here in connection with accompanying drawing 1, the present invention is embodied as below step work and describes:
A kind of method of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management controlled based on liquid hydrogen vaporization, comprises the steps:
Step 1: determine hydrogen energy source unmanned plane power demand under each flight operating mode;
Step 2: according to the consumption of hydrogen fuel amount under engine test bench characteristic curve acquisition different capacity demand;
Step 3: determine the heat needed for the liquid hydrogen vaporization under hydrogen energy source unmanned plane consumption of hydrogen fuel amount;
Step 4: determine the heat transfer efficiency of hydrogen storage vessel;
Step 5: control to be delivered to the engine exhaust amount of hydrogen storage vessel, make hydrogen storage vessel liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity disappear with hydrogen fuel
Consumption balances, particularly as follows: during unmanned plane cruising phase, the natural evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel is in a basic balance with consumption of hydrogen fuel amount,
Control to carry out trace regulation now by engine exhaust heat;Unmanned plane takes off or during ramp-up period, and electromotor is high-power defeated
Going out, the natural evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel is less than consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, increases liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity now by engine exhaust heat, meets
Fuel consumption demand;When unmanned plane decline or landing period, electromotor small-power exports, if now the evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel is big
In consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, then discharge surplus hydrogen.
Wherein, for step 1, determine hydrogen energy source unmanned plane power demand P under each flight operating mode.Specifically used
Time, mainly by the flight performance data (design phase can be obtained by wind tunnel test or CFD emulation) of unmanned plane, obtain Hydrogen Energy
The power demand of each mission phase in source.
The external characteristic curve that the operation of step 2 then should be given with reference to electromotor producer, according to the dependency number of electromotor producer
Carry out confirming consumption of hydrogen fuel amount m of electromotor under each power according to storehouse.
Heat needed for then liquid hydrogen vaporizes under this quality of step 3 is as follows:
The vaporization heat consumption of liquid hydrogen is: qVaporization=m Δ Hvap
Wherein:
ΔHvapFor the latent heat of vaporization dimension of hydrogen, KJ/kg;
In above formula:
T is the saturation temperature of liquid hydrogen;
TcCritical temperature for hydrogen.
Consumption of hydrogen fuel amount according to each mission phase in step 4, design has allowed certain seepage (liquid hydrogen nature evaporating capacity
Demand when being slightly less than cruise) hydrogen storage vessel, confirm hydrogen storage vessel heat transfer efficiency η.
For making liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity balance with consumption of hydrogen fuel amount in step 5, then engine exhaust heat amount should be with vaporization institute
The heat needed is identical, i.e. there is below equation:
qVaporization=qWaste heat/η
qWaste heat=CpρVΔT
Then the exhaust volume needed for liquid hydrogen vaporization is:
Wherein:
CpFor the specific heat capacity of engine exhaust, J/ (kg.K);ρ is the density of engine exhaust;
Δ T is the temperature difference of engine exhaust temperature and liquid hydrogen storage tank temperature;
η is hydrogen storage vessel heat transfer efficiency.
By such scheme, it is different from existing hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management method, it is allowed to hydrogen storage vessel has necessarily
Seepage index (specific targets determine according to the characterisitic parameter of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane), use exhaust heat control liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity with
Consumption of hydrogen fuel amount balances, and reduces the insulation requirement of LHC, thus reduces the deadweight of hydrogen storage vessel, simplifies hydrogen combustion
The control of material management system, improves the payload weight of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane.
To sum up, the present invention utilizes engine exhaust heat to control liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity, regulates electromotor according to the consumption of hydrogen fuel
Capacity, can carry out dynamic realtime control for different hydro Fuel Consumption, improve the utilization ratio of hydrogen energy source, reduce storage
Hydrogen tank is conducted oneself with dignity, and provides reliable and feasible method for hydrogen energy source unmanned plane fuel management.
Claims (3)
1. the liquid hydrogen vaporization control method of a hydrogen energy source unmanned plane, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: determine hydrogen energy source unmanned plane power demand under each flight operating mode;
Step 2: according to the consumption of hydrogen fuel amount under engine test bench characteristic curve acquisition different capacity demand;
Step 3: determine the heat needed for the liquid hydrogen vaporization under hydrogen energy source unmanned plane consumption of hydrogen fuel amount;
Step 4: determine the heat transfer efficiency of hydrogen storage vessel;
Step 5: control to be delivered to the engine exhaust amount of hydrogen storage vessel, make hydrogen storage vessel liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity and consumption of hydrogen fuel amount
Balance, particularly as follows: during unmanned plane cruising phase, the natural evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel is in a basic balance with consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, now
Control to carry out trace regulation by engine exhaust heat;Unmanned plane takes off or during ramp-up period, the high-power output of electromotor, storage
The natural evaporating capacity of hydrogen tank is less than consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, increases liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity now by engine exhaust heat, meets fuel
Consumption requirements;When unmanned plane decline or landing period, electromotor small-power exports, if now the evaporating capacity of hydrogen storage vessel is more than hydrogen
Fuel Consumption, then discharge surplus hydrogen.
The liquid hydrogen vaporization control method of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 1, obtained the flying height of unmanned plane, flight speed, the attitude of unmanned plane by flight control system collection, sent out
The parameters such as motivation rotating speed, confirm the power P needed for unmanned plane according to flight performance data storehouse;
In step 2, consumption of hydrogen fuel amount m under electromotor different capacity is obtained according to engine test bench characteristic Map figure;
In step 3, the vaporization heat consumption of liquid hydrogen is: qVaporization=m Δ Hvap
Wherein:
ΔHvapFor the latent heat of vaporization dimension of hydrogen, KJ/kg;
In above formula:
T is the saturation temperature of liquid hydrogen;
TcCritical temperature for hydrogen;
In steps of 5, for making liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity balance with consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, then engine exhaust heat amount should be required with vaporization
Heat identical, i.e. there is below equation:
qVaporization=qWaste heat/η
qWaste heat=CpρVΔT
Then the exhaust volume needed for liquid hydrogen vaporization is:
Wherein:
CpFor the specific heat capacity of engine exhaust, J/ (kg.K);ρ is the density of engine exhaust;
Δ T is the temperature difference of engine exhaust temperature and liquid hydrogen storage tank temperature;
η is hydrogen storage vessel heat transfer efficiency.
The liquid hydrogen vaporization control method of hydrogen energy source unmanned plane the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described step 5
In, hydrogen storage vessel liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity balances with consumption of hydrogen fuel amount, refers to control liquid hydrogen evaporating capacity by engine exhaust heat;
The volume of aerofluxus needed for heat of engine employing throttle valve control.
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Cited By (4)
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CN109441678A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-03-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | A kind of control method of piston power unmanned plane dynamical system |
CN111661342A (en) * | 2020-06-06 | 2020-09-15 | 河北柒壹壹玖工业自动化技术有限公司 | Energy-saving hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle |
CN113422087A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-09-21 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted low-temperature liquid hydrogen fuel cell system and fuel cell heat exchange method |
DE202021105654U1 (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-18 | Choren Industrietechnik GmbH | Hydrogen fuel cell cargo drone with swappable hydrogen storage tanks |
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DE202021105654U1 (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-18 | Choren Industrietechnik GmbH | Hydrogen fuel cell cargo drone with swappable hydrogen storage tanks |
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