CN106150488A - LWD resistivity log method and azimuthal resistivity instrument thereof - Google Patents
LWD resistivity log method and azimuthal resistivity instrument thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The present invention provides LWD resistivity log method and azimuthal resistivity instrument thereof；Azimuthal resistivity instrument in drilling well is rotated；First, second transmitting antenna correspondence is excited to launch z pattern and x pattern electromagnetic wave；Z pattern electromagnetic wave that first reception antenna receives or the z pattern electromagnetic wave of reception and x pattern electromagnetic wave, and second launch x pattern electromagnetic wave or the z pattern electromagnetic wave of reception and the x pattern electromagnetic wave that antenna receives, high frequency lack sampling is carried out by sample circuit, z pattern electromagnetic wave component and x pattern electromagnetic wave component is obtained to analyze, it is used for the recombination rate calculating z pattern electromagnetic wave component with x pattern electromagnetic wave component, meets the requirement of Different Strata parameter.The present invention can be prevented effectively from or reduce the distorted signals effect currently brought by vibrator and frequency mixer and other device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to resistivity logging while drilling field of detecting, particularly to a kind of LWD resistivity log method and orientation electricity thereof
Resistance rate instrument.
Background technology
Existing underground survey method, focuses primarily upon with boring three kinds of methods such as well logging, well logging during and wireline logging.This
A little technology by determining the resistivity of down-hole formation to hole stratum measurement, and resistivity generally can be used to identify in stratum
The existence of hydrocarbons.It is known, for example, that known high resistivity porous stratum typically contains hydro carbons, such as crude oil；And
The resistivity of the porous stratum containing saturation water is the most relatively low.In prior art, resistivity and electrical conductivity often exchange use, this
Two parameter reciprocal relations each other, can be realized as conversion by simple mathematical calculation, depending on actually used convenience.
Orientation resistivity measurement typically can provide long-range geological information without being intercepted (such as: remotely stratum, geology
Interface and liquid).These information also include: away from the ground degree of depth and long-distance azimuth etc..In terms of geosteering, orient resistance
It can be that ensuing drill-well operation provides foundation that rate is measured.Such as, for oil sheet, main search direction is exactly horizontal part
Point.
The most familiar with the measuring method boring well logging (LWD) azimuthal resistivity.When instrument rotates (such as in well
Drilling process) time, the cross-product (example in magnetic field generally can be measured or assess with brill well logging (LWD) azimuthal resistivity instrument
Such as HzxAssembly).In document, existing various instruments are configured to measure this cross term.Such as, Hagiwara is in patent
The method illustrated in U.S.Pat.No.6181138, make use of axially transmitting antenna and three circumference to compensate reception antenna altogether.
Patent U.S.Pat.Nos.6969994 of Minerbo et al., patent U.S.Pat.Nos.7202670 of Omeragic and Li etc.
The method that patent U.S.Pat.Nos.7382135 of people is used tilts to connect for using an axial transmitting antenna and axial space
Receiving antenna, reception antenna becomes the antenna of 180 degree to form compensation (counteracting) with another one angle.The multinomial patent of Bittar
U.S.Pat.Nos.6476609,6911824,7019528,7138803 and 7265552 methods used, employ an axle
To launching antenna and two axial spaces inclination reception antennas, compensate antenna incline direction therewith identical.Inclined antenna is engaged in trade
With, but it shortcoming is exactly that the hybrid circuit structure launched and receive is difficult to weak signal (such as transverse electric wave) from survey
Amount noise distinguishes.
Method involved by patent US.Pat.Nos.7057392 of Wang et al. and 7414407 is for using one axially
Launch antenna and the horizontal reception antenna of two longitudinal directions.Once launching signal, each receptor can measure cross-product, this
A little cross-products can weaken the curvature effect impact of instrument by averaging.In order to obtain more reliable measurement result,
Transmitting coil and receiving coil incremental miantenance are constant, and this likely easily occurs asking the when of temperature and pressure fluctuation in well
Topic.Further, launch and receive electronic noise impact be will also result in for the orientation accuracy of resistivity measurement and concordance.
I other words, although the method (with relevant well logging resistivity logging while drilling instrument) described above is extensively commercial,
But still need the instrument with brill well logging (LWD) orientation resistance measurement of developing and method to improve this orientation resistivity measurement
Accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of LWD resistivity log method and azimuthal resistivity instrument thereof, improves downhole orientation resistance
The accuracy that rate is measured.
In order to achieve the above object, a technical scheme of the present invention is to provide a kind of LWD resistivity log method, institute
The azimuthal resistivity instrument used is provided with the first transmitting antenna, the second transmitting antenna, the first reception antenna, the second reception antenna；
And first launch antenna and second and launch the position of antenna, and the first reception antenna and the position of the second reception antenna, not in work
The same plane of tool；
Described LWD resistivity log method, comprises:
Azimuthal resistivity instrument in drilling well is rotated；
Excite the first transmitting antenna persistently to launch z pattern electromagnetic wave, and excite the second transmitting antenna persistently to launch x pattern electricity
Magnetic wave；
The first reception antenna is excited persistently to receive z pattern electromagnetic wave or persistently receive z pattern electromagnetic wave and x pattern electromagnetism
Ripple, and excite the second reception antenna persistently receive x pattern electromagnetic wave or persistently receive z pattern electromagnetic wave and x pattern electromagnetic wave；
The signal received the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna by sample circuit is extracted and record, point
Analysis obtains z pattern electromagnetic wave component and x pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Calculate the recombination rate of z pattern electromagnetic wave component and x pattern electromagnetic wave component.
Preferably, first launches antenna launches single z pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently transmitting z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetism
Ripple；And, second launches antenna launches single x pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently transmitting z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetic wave.
Preferably, the first transmitting antenna is excited to continue tranmitting frequency f1Z pattern electromagnetism involve x pattern electromagnetic wave, and swash
Send out the second transmitting antenna and continue tranmitting frequency f2Z pattern electromagnetism involve x pattern electromagnetic wave；
Wherein, f1/f2=L2 2/Ll 2, the position of the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna and the first axle launching antenna
To distance L1, the position of the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna and the second axial distance L launching antenna2, and L1≠L2；
To frequency f1The lower recombination rate receiving z pattern electromagnetic wave component and the x pattern electromagnetic wave component obtained is counted
Calculate, and to frequency f2The lower recombination rate receiving z pattern electromagnetic wave component and the x pattern electromagnetic wave component obtained is counted
Calculate.
Preferably, described first to launch antenna longitudinally spaced or be arranged side by side with the second transmitting antenna；
Described first reception antenna and the second reception antenna are longitudinally spaced or be arranged side by side.
Preferably, described first launches antenna comprises one or more axial transmitting antenna, and described second launches antenna bag
Antenna is laterally emitted containing one or more；
Described first reception antenna comprises one or more antenna that axially receives, described second reception antenna comprise one or
Multiple horizontal reception antennas.
Preferably, described second transmitting antenna comprises the transmitting antenna of one or more y pattern electromagnetic wave further；Described
Second reception antenna comprises the reception antenna of one or more y pattern electromagnetic wave component further.
Preferably, the formula of recombination rate r is as follows
Vxx、Vxz、Vzx、VzzRepresent voltage response；
Hxx、Hxz、Hzx、HzzRepresent induced field component；
Vzx、HzxCorrespondence is emitted as z pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining x pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vzz、HzzCorrespondence is emitted as z pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining z pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vxz、HxzCorrespondence is emitted as x pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining z pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vxx、HxxCorrespondence is emitted as x pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining x pattern electromagnetic wave component.
Preferably, described first reception antenna and the second reception antenna receive for high-frequency signal；Described sample circuit
High-frequency signal is carried out lack sampling.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is to provide a kind of azimuthal resistivity instrument, wherein comprises: the first transmitting antenna,
Second launches antenna, the first reception antenna, the second reception antenna；
Described first launches antenna and second launches the position of antenna, with described first reception antenna and the second reception antenna
Position, not at the same plane of instrument；
Further, described first launches antenna and second to launch antenna longitudinally spaced or be arranged side by side, described first reception sky
Line and the second reception antenna are longitudinally spaced or be arranged side by side；
Described azimuthal resistivity instrument is when down-hole rotates, and first launches antenna persistently launches single z pattern electromagnetic wave, or holds
Supervention is penetrated z pattern electromagnetism and is involved x pattern electromagnetic wave；
Second launches antenna persistently launches single x pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently transmitting z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetic wave；
The tranmitting frequency of the first transmitting antenna and the second transmitting antenna is identical or differs；
First reception antenna individually receives z pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently reception z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetic wave；
Second reception antenna individually receives x pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently reception z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetic wave.
Preferably, the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna receive for high-frequency signal；
The high-frequency signal received the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna by sample circuit carries out lack sampling, point
Analysis obtains z pattern electromagnetic wave component and x pattern electromagnetic wave component, is used for calculating z pattern electromagnetic wave component and x pattern electromagnetism wavelength-division
The recombination rate r of amount:
Vxx、Vxz、Vzx、VzzRepresent voltage response；
Hxx、Hxz、Hzx、HzzRepresent induced field component；
Vzx、HzxCorrespondence is emitted as z pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining x pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vzz、HzzCorrespondence is emitted as z pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining z pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vxz、HxzCorrespondence is emitted as x pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining z pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vxx、HxxCorrespondence is emitted as x pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining x pattern electromagnetic wave component.
When azimuthal resistivity is measured in tradition subterranean well, Acquisition Circuit adds LO vibrator, frequency mixer and filtering
The high frequency collected is carried out being mixed, dropping intermediate frequency by circuit, then filters, and causes accuracy affected.By comparison, the case of the present invention
Example has multinomial technical advantage.Such as, the present invention uses high frequency Undersampling technique, it is to avoid vibrated by LO in general sample circuit
The noise that device and frequency mixer are caused.By calculate recombination rate, the present invention can by launch square impact, receive square impact and
Electronic errors (amplitude and phase place) is eliminated from voltage measurement information by mathematical method.By eliminating error source, the present invention
It is effectively increased the degree of accuracy that azimuthal resistivity is measured.
The present invention under the advantage of specific cases, calculate gained recombination rate azimuth sensitivity substantially with reception
Cross term V arrivedzx(or Hzx) proportional.The measurement of prior art typically requires the process accumulation of certain scale down-hole could be real
Existing, and the present invention is more suitable for the micro-control of down-hole under the conditions of limited power source and measures.
The present invention is by calculating recombination rate, it is also possible to remove asymmetric emitter in the case of not considering antenna spacing
In the effect of anisotropy of nearly well, thus reduce error.The antenna deformation that this source of error causes in downhole temperature and pressure, and
In turn result in the change of antenna distance.
For electromagnetic wave, in transmitting procedure and sampling process causes the problem of distorted signals, and the present invention uses lack sampling
Technology directly carries out high-fidelity height frequency sampling, and have studied emphatically the compensatory problem in orientation resistivity measurement, based on being connect
The electromagnetic wave axial component received and the ratio of cross stream component are to realize distortion compensation, it is achieved that signal accurately detects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be more fully appreciated with the present invention and its advantage, following and corresponding diagram can help to illustrate:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of LWD resistivity log method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 A and two kinds of structural representations of Fig. 2 B azimuthal resistivity of the present invention instrument；
Fig. 3 is the high frequency lack sampling circuit block diagram employed in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
As it is shown in figure 1, in the LWD resistivity log method (I) of present invention offer, make azimuthal resistivity instrument in boring
Interior rotation (II)；As will be described in greater detail below, this orientation resistivity tool includes at least the first and second transmitting skies
Line, one of them is for launching z pattern electromagnetic wave (III), and another one is used for launching x pattern electromagnetic wave (VI).This instrument is simultaneously
Including at least the first and second reception antennas, reception antenna with launch the antenna longitudinally spaced layout at instrument, one of them is used
Receiving the z mode component (IV) of electromagnetic wave, another one is used for receiving the x mode component (VII) of electromagnetic wave.
First and second launch antenna sustained activation (III and VI), in order to launch monotype electromagnetic wave in subsurface formations.
And the axially and transversely component of electromagnetic wave can be received (IV and VII) by corresponding reception antenna respectively.Signal is owed to adopt through high frequency
After sample processes, the recombination rate of the component received is calculated (Ⅸ).Gained ratio is calculated and stored in down-hole
Downhole memory or be transmitted back to ground by telemeter.
Electromagnetism azimuthal resistivity instrument is equipped with single mode emission and reception antenna.According to azimuthal resistivity instrument (or
Get into the cave) referential define single mode antenna, wherein axially (usually z-axis) is consistent with the longitudinal axis of instrument (or getting into the cave).?
In this referential, the antenna magnetic moment in axial antenna is consistent with tool shaft；Axially antenna can launch and/or receive single shaft mould
Formula electromagnetic wave.The laterally magnetic moment of antenna and tool shaft orthogonal vertical in antenna；Laterally antenna can launch and/or receive unidirectional horizontal stroke
Electromagnetic wave to pattern (x pattern or y pattern).The antenna that the present invention provides is launched and/or receives monotype electromagnetic wave.Ratio
As, axially launch antenna and launch substantial amounts of single z-axis pattern electromagnetic wave；The horizontal reception antenna substantial amounts of pure x pattern of reception (or y mould
Formula) electromagnetic wave.
Significantly single mode means that transmitting and reception antenna tend to launch and receive single mode electromagnetic wave.Such as, tradition axle
Tend to launch single z-axis pattern electromagnetic wave to launching antenna, thus be said to be the electromagnetic wave having manufactured single z pattern.Same, pass
Horizontal reception antenna of uniting tends to receive single x pattern electromagnetic wave, thus is said to be the single x pattern electromagnetic wave of reception.In contrast to this
Antenna tends to launch and receive mixed model electromagnetic wave.Such as, traditional inclined antenna tends to launch and receive hybrid guided mode
Formula electromagnetic wave (such as mixing x pattern and z pattern), and be not generally regarded as them and can launch and receive single mode electromagnetic wave.This
Skilled person may think that, traditional axially and transversely antenna is typically launched and receive is all multi-mode electrically magnetic wave, than
As due to design limit etc..In this regard, the present invention is not to be restricted.Although this multi-mode be implicitly present in (when
So proportion is less), traditional axial antenna is still considered as launch and receive or unidirectional z pattern electromagnetic wave.With
Sample, what tradition laterally antenna was considered to launch and receive is single x mould (or y mould) electromagnetic wave.
Fig. 2 A and Fig. 2 B describes electromagnetic wave azimuthal resistivity instrument α and ζ that the present invention provides, and is with boring well logging (LWD)
Instrument, may be applicable to measuring method mentioned above.Resistivity tool α (Fig. 2 A) includes an axial transmitting antenna β and
Individual laterally emitting antenna γ, both are in the longitudinally spaced distribution (not at same plane) of tool body.This resistivity tool α enters one
Step includes that axially receives an an antenna δ and horizontal reception antenna ε, and both (do not exist in the longitudinally spaced distribution of tool body
Same plane), and also it is spaced from each other (the most not at same plane) with aforementioned transmitting antenna β and γ.
Or, launch antenna and reception antenna can also each be arranged side by side.Such as at another resistivity tool ζ (Fig. 2 B)
In, axially launch antenna β and laterally emit antenna γ and be arranged side by side, axially receiving antenna δ and horizontal reception antenna ε and set side by side
Put, and launch antenna β, γ and be spaced from each other with reception antenna δ, ε, not at same plane.In other example, it is also possible to make two
Individual transmitting antenna is arranged side by side, and reception antenna is longitudinally spaced；Or, two transmitting antennas can be made longitudinally spaced, and receive
Antenna is arranged side by side, the invention is not limited in this regard.
Or, in the instrument of the present invention, the first sky demand pairs amount launching antenna and corresponding first reception antenna thereof can
With more than one；The second sky demand pairs amount launching antenna and corresponding second reception antenna thereof can be more than one.In instrument also
One or more pairs of y Mode Launch and the antenna of reception can be comprised, itself and other x patterns, the transmitting of z pattern and the antenna of reception
Right, longitudinally spaced or be arranged side by side.Additionally, technically, according to reciprocity principle, each launch and reception antenna with conjunction
Suitable transmitting and when receiving electronic device, both can also be as receiving device as discharger.
It is further appreciated by the present invention, generally uses electromagnetic induction or propagate measurement.Typically, electromagnetic propagation tool is than electricity
The use frequency of magnetic induction instrument is high.The present invention is not limited to the frequency of electromagnetic wave.Skilled persons will also appreciate that
Electromagnetic wave can have the frequency component available (this is very important) of multiple (2 or more).The present invention is the most not
Can be limited by these modes.
In one example, first launches lasting tranmitting frequency f of antenna1Z pattern and x pattern electromagnetic wave, by first receive
Antenna persistently receives z mode component, and the second reception antenna persistently receives x mode component；Second launches antenna continues tranmitting frequency
f2Z pattern and x pattern electromagnetic wave, the first reception antenna persistently receive z mode component, the second reception antenna persistently receives x
Mode component；Wherein, f1/f2=L2 2/Ll 2, L1And L2Represent that reception antenna and first are launched antenna and second and launched by this respectively
The axial distance of antenna, L1≠L2.And then the recombination rate of the z pattern received under each frequency and x mode component is counted respectively
Calculate.
For the general technology of this area, the changing currents with time in transmitting coil (such as launching the coil of antenna β and γ) (is handed over
Stream electricity) in institute's geodetic layer, create a corresponding time-varying magnetic field.This magnetic field produces sensing in turn in conductive formation
Electric current (vortex current) these vortex currents produce secondary magnetic field further, and this secondary magnetic field can receive at one or more
Coil (the such as coil of reception antenna δ and ε) produces voltage response.Voltage measured in these receiving coils is by existing
Technical finesse can obtain the measurement result of one or more secondary magnetic field, estimates the resistivity on stratum the most further
(electrical conductivity) and dielectric constant.The electricity of hydrocarbon-containifirst material can be associated with from the electrology characteristic on these stratum by prior art
Gesture.
See figures.1.and.2, launch antenna and may launch z pattern and x pattern electromagnetic wave (III and VI) respectively.Each electromagnetism
Single z pattern and the x mode component of ripple will be received (IV by a pair reception antenna (δ and ε in such as Fig. 2) axially and transversely
With VII).By following formula, the electromagnetic wave axially and transversely wave component (V and VIII) received is carried out the calculating of recombination rate
(VII):
Wherein, r represents recombination rate, Vxx, Vxz, VzxAnd VzzRepresent that the electromagnetic wave launched voltage at receiving coil is anti-
Should.The subscript parameters regulation of this voltage response (or electromagnetic field reaction), first letter represents emission mode (x or z pattern),
Second letter represents reception pattern (x or z pattern).
For current technology, these voltage response (Vxx, Vxz, VzxAnd Vzz) corresponding sensing can be obtained by calculation
Magnetic-field component (Hxx, Hxz, HzxAnd Hzz).Therefore, the recombination rate in formula (1) can mathematically be derived as electromagnetic field component
Be expressed as follows:
Formula (1) and (2) calculate gained recombination rate by by transmitting terminal magnetic moment, receiving terminal magnetic moment and electronic errors
(amplitude and phase place) is rejected from voltage (or electromagnetic field) is measured and is achieved the compensation that azimuthal resistivity is measured.With regard to this area
For technology, the voltage measurement of reception antenna is proportional to the electromagnetic moment of transmitting and receiving terminal.Phase place and amplitude error are probably
By receiving what electrical equipment caused.Just as described above, transmitting terminal and receiving terminal gain are typically with Jing Dong (such as well hole temperature and pressure
Strong change) and change, this result also in the transmitting magnetic moment of change and receives magnetic moment.Significantly instrument change also is able to be sent out
Existing.Electronic errors changes as well as well hole temperature.The recombination rate calculated according to the present invention can eliminate error source, and
Improve the accuracy that azimuthal resistivity is measured.
For technological layer, reception antenna it is true that the electromagnetic field that the voltage measured is derived is preferably able to stratum
Magnetic field is proportional, but due to known reason itself and differ.The measurement magnetic field of distortion is expressed as follows:
H (ω)=AT(ω)eiΔΦTAR(ω)eiΔΦRH*(ω) (3)
Wherein, H (ω) represents measurement magnetic field, H*(ω) the true magnetic field on stratum, A are representedT(ω) and ΔΦTRepresent and launch
The true stratum magnetic field amplitude that causes of end and the distortion of phase place, and AR(ω) and ΔΦRRepresent the true stratum caused by receiving terminal
Magnetic field amplitude and the distortion of phase place, ω represents the angular frequency that radian represents.For current technology, the error of amplitude and phase place can
The magnetic moment of antenna, electronics skew and distortion, and other environmental effect can be included.
With reference to Fig. 1, when launching antenna sustained activation, the measurement magnetic field of each receiving terminal can simply be expressed as follows:
Hzz (ω)=ATz(ω)eiΔΦTzARz(ω)eiΔΦRzH*zz(ω)
Hzx (ω)=ATz(ω)eiΔΦTzARx(ω)eiΔΦRxH*zx(ω)
Hxz (ω)=ATx(ω)eiΔΦTxARz(ω)eiΔΦRzH*xz(ω)
Hxx (ω)=ATx(ω)eiΔΦTxARx(ω)eiΔΦRxH*xx(ω) (4)
Wherein, Hxx、Hxz、HzxAnd HzzDefinition reference formula 2, ATz(ω)、ΔΦTz、ATx(ω) and ΔΦTxRepresent by z
Amplitude that pattern and x mode transmission antenna cause and the error of phase place, and ARz(ω)、ΔΦRz、ARx(ω) and ΔΦRxRepresent by
Amplitude that z pattern and x pattern reception antenna cause and the error of phase place.
Bring formula (4) into formula (2) to obtain:
Can be reduced to:
Technically, all of amplitude and phase error are during formula (5) to the mathematic(al) simplification of formula (6)
Eliminated dexterously.Thus, ratio r achieves the full remuneration that azimuthal resistivity is measured.
High-frequency signal can be carried out down conversion process by LO vibrator, frequency mixer and filter circuit by traditional sample circuit,
Again the signal after frequency reducing is acquired.During this, owing to the instability of vibrator, frequency mixer and wave filter causes
The instability of sampled signal and the introducing of noise signal.The distorted signals being likely to cause for receiving terminal, the present invention relates to
The operation principle of high frequency sampling circuit is not as it is shown on figure 3, the most use vibrator and frequency mixer, to received signal
Directly carry out high frequency sampling；The method of sampling employs lack sampling method, and carries out letter according to special algorithm and signal processing method
Number reduction.Gained signal avoids the distortion effect caused by vibrator and frequency mixer, effectively prevent the generation of noise signal.
Length is limited, and the present invention is applicable to above case, and is not limited to these cases, changes according to the local of the present invention
Within falling within its protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a LWD resistivity log method, the azimuthal resistivity instrument used is provided with the first transmitting antenna, the second transmitting
Antenna, the first reception antenna, the second reception antenna；And first launch antenna and second launch antenna position, with first receive
Antenna and the position of the second reception antenna, not at the same plane of instrument；It is characterized in that, described LWD resistivity log side
Method, comprises:
Azimuthal resistivity instrument in drilling well is rotated；
Excite the first transmitting antenna persistently to launch z pattern electromagnetic wave, and excite the second transmitting antenna persistently to launch x pattern electromagnetism
Ripple；
The first reception antenna is excited persistently to receive z pattern electromagnetic wave or persistently receive z pattern electromagnetic wave and x pattern electromagnetic wave, and
The second reception antenna is excited persistently to receive x pattern electromagnetic wave or persistently receive z pattern electromagnetic wave and x pattern electromagnetic wave；
The signal received the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna by sample circuit is extracted and record, and analysis obtains
Obtain z pattern electromagnetic wave component and x pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Calculate the recombination rate of z pattern electromagnetic wave component and x pattern electromagnetic wave component.
2. LWD resistivity log method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
First launches antenna launches single z pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently transmitting z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetic wave；And, the
Two launch antenna launches single x pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently transmitting z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetic wave.
3. LWD resistivity log method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
The first transmitting antenna is excited to continue tranmitting frequency f1Z pattern electromagnetism involve x pattern electromagnetic wave, and excite the second transmitting sky
Line continues tranmitting frequency f2Z pattern electromagnetism involve x pattern electromagnetic wave；
Wherein, f1/f2=L2 2/Ll 2, the position of the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna with first launch antenna axial away from
From L1, the position of the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna and the second axial distance L launching antenna2, and L1≠L2；
To frequency f1The lower recombination rate receiving z pattern electromagnetic wave component and the x pattern electromagnetic wave component obtained calculates, with
And to frequency f2The lower recombination rate receiving z pattern electromagnetic wave component and the x pattern electromagnetic wave component obtained calculates.
4. LWD resistivity log method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that
Described first to launch antenna longitudinally spaced or be arranged side by side with the second transmitting antenna；
Described first reception antenna and the second reception antenna are longitudinally spaced or be arranged side by side.
5. the LWD resistivity log method as described in any one in Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that
Described first launches antenna comprises one or more axial transmitting antenna, and described second launches antenna comprises one or more
Laterally emit antenna；
Described first reception antenna comprises one or more antenna that axially receives, and described second reception antenna comprises one or more
Laterally reception antenna.
6. LWD resistivity log method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that
Described second launches antenna comprises the transmitting antenna of one or more y pattern electromagnetic wave further；
Described second reception antenna comprises the reception antenna of one or more y pattern electromagnetic wave component further.
7. LWD resistivity log method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that
The formula of recombination rate r is as follows
Vxx、Vxz、Vzx、VzzRepresent voltage response；
Hxx、Hxz、Hzx、HzzRepresent induced field component；
Vzx、HzxCorrespondence is emitted as z pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining x pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vzz、HzzCorrespondence is emitted as z pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining z pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vxz、HxzCorrespondence is emitted as x pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining z pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vxx、HxxCorrespondence is emitted as x pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining x pattern electromagnetic wave component.
8. LWD resistivity log method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described first reception antenna and the second reception antenna receive for high-frequency signal；
Described sample circuit carries out lack sampling to high-frequency signal.
9. an azimuthal resistivity instrument, it is characterised in that comprise: first launches antenna, the second transmitting antenna, the first reception sky
Line, the second reception antenna；
Described first launches antenna and second launches the position of antenna, with described first reception antenna and the position of the second reception antenna
Put, not at the same plane of instrument；
Further, described first launches antenna and second to launch antenna longitudinally spaced or be arranged side by side, described first reception antenna and
Second reception antenna is longitudinally spaced or is arranged side by side；
Described azimuthal resistivity instrument is when down-hole rotates, and first launches antenna persistently launches single z pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently sends out
Penetrate z pattern electromagnetism and involve x pattern electromagnetic wave；
Second launches antenna persistently launches single x pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently transmitting z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetic wave；First
The tranmitting frequency of transmitting antenna and the second transmitting antenna is identical or differs；
First reception antenna individually receives z pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently reception z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetic wave；
Second reception antenna individually receives x pattern electromagnetic wave, or persistently reception z pattern electromagnetism involves x pattern electromagnetic wave.
10. azimuthal resistivity instrument as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that
First reception antenna and the second reception antenna receive for high-frequency signal；
The high-frequency signal received the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna by sample circuit carries out lack sampling, and analysis obtains
Obtain z pattern electromagnetic wave component and x pattern electromagnetic wave component, be used for calculating z pattern electromagnetic wave component and x pattern electromagnetic wave component
Recombination rate r:
Vxx、Vxz、Vzx、VzzRepresent voltage response；
Hxx、Hxz、Hzx、HzzRepresent induced field component；
Vzx、HzxCorrespondence is emitted as z pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining x pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vzz、HzzCorrespondence is emitted as z pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining z pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vxz、HxzCorrespondence is emitted as x pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining z pattern electromagnetic wave component；
Vxx、HxxCorrespondence is emitted as x pattern electromagnetic wave and receives the situation obtaining x pattern electromagnetic wave component.
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