CN1061411C - 用于内燃机的小型汽缸盖 - Google Patents

用于内燃机的小型汽缸盖 Download PDF

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CN1061411C
CN1061411C CN95101475A CN95101475A CN1061411C CN 1061411 C CN1061411 C CN 1061411C CN 95101475 A CN95101475 A CN 95101475A CN 95101475 A CN95101475 A CN 95101475A CN 1061411 C CN1061411 C CN 1061411C
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cylinder head
connecting rod
compact cylinder
chamber
axle part
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CN1112194A (zh
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马尔科·努蒂
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Piaggio and C SpA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/16Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/20Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders all in one line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/06Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/08Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps with the working-cylinder head arranged between working and pumping cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B61/00Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
    • F02B61/04Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers
    • F02B61/045Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers for marine engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/02Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/16Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B2075/1804Number of cylinders
    • F02B2075/1808Number of cylinders two

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Abstract

用于内燃机,特别是双缸内燃机的汽缸盖11,包括带阀孔53和阀门56的至少一对汽缸。汽缸有个腔室14,15,腔室一端与阀门相连,另一端与供燃油混合物的装置相连。腔室中有将其内混合物喷入汽缸的活塞17,18,活塞由受传动装置44,47驱动的连杆23带动。连杆可转动地安装在轴件24,24,26上,轴件可在轴套31内转动并与传动装置连接。轴件和轴套中设置混合物供给通道33、34、35,它们在轴件转动时可交替地接通。

Description

用于内燃机的小型汽缸盖
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机,特别是用于双缸内燃机的小型汽缸盖。目前,使用各种各样的系统借助压缩空气直接喷射燃油进入内燃机的汽缸盖,例如,在本申请人的欧洲专利EP-A-514982中就公开了这种系统。
如果这些系统的结构极为简单且尺寸适中的话,则它们是十分有效的。然而,目前所用的汽缸盖却不是这样。特别是对于两冲程发动机来说,尤其需要汽缸盖结构简单、小巧,这种发动机适用于船的动力装置,特别是艇外推进机。
本发明的目的是提供一种汽缸盖结构,它能满足特别是结构紧凑和简单的要求,并且能适应于各种应用。
根据本发明,实现上述目的的用于内燃机的小型汽缸盖,包括装设有阀孔和相关的阀门的至少一对汽缸,为每个汽缸设有一个腔室,腔室的一端与所述阀门相连,另一端与供给燃油混合物的装置相连,在每个腔室中设置有一个用于将腔室内产生的混合物喷入相应汽缸的活塞,活塞由连杆带动,而连杆由一个受一驱动轴操纵的强制传动装置驱动,其特征是:活塞的每个连杆可转动地安装在一个轴件上,该轴件包括一个圆柱形的转动中心主体,该轴件可在一个装在汽缸盖中的轴套内转动并与强制传动装置刚性连接,轴件和轴套中设置有燃油混合物供给通道,这些通道在轴件转动过程中可交替地对准接通。
本发明的这种汽缸盖特别有利于用在车辆发动机上,或者用在一般的固定式发动机上。
下面通过结合附图对非限制性实施例的说明,将会更加清楚地了解本发明的用于内燃机,特别是用于双缸内燃机的汽缸盖的特点和优点。
所附的附图表示了穿过一个双缸发动机的部分截面,其中采用了本发明的结构,并带有借助压缩空气将燃油喷入相关汽缸的装置。
图中示出了一种双缸汽缸盖,它由标号11整体表示,它包括两个燃烧室12和13,在它们的上方有两个圆柱形的腔室14和15,腔室14和15中装有两个圆柱形套筒16。
两个带有活塞环19的喷射活塞17和18装在两腔室14和15中,并且可在套筒16上滑动。两活塞17和18通过各自的活塞销20、滚柱轴承21和垫肩22(这些零件仅示出于一个活塞中)连到各自的连杆23上。连杆23连到一根由一驱动轴(未示出)驱动的轴件上。具体地说,该轴件包括一个圆柱形的转动中心主体24,它具有两个较大直径的凸缘端25和26。例如,一个凸缘端25与中心主体24整体成形,另一个凸缘端26被压装在主体24上。
两连杆23的自由端通过滚柱轴承27和两个销子28和29连到凸缘端25和26。轴件,即它的中心主体24可转动地安置在两端轴承30上。两端轴承30安装在由一开口环32固定到汽缸盖11上的轴套31中。
在中心主体24和两凸缘端25和26中,设置有两条通道33和34,它们通入两腔室14和15的上部。两通道33和34各有一部分沿着轴件的转动轴线A延伸,另一部分倾斜延伸,两通道相互偏置180°。以这种方式,为来自单一供送通道35的混合物提供了通道。供送通道35的一部分成形在轴套31中,另一部分成形于汽缸盖11的罩壳36中。混合物被送入供油通道33和34。在轴件24及凸缘端25和26转动过程中,通道33和34交替地与设置在轴套31和罩壳36中的固定通道35对准接通。混合物可由汽化器或其它部件制备,并被送到上述的供油装置。
第二喷射活塞18的连杆23的销子29轴向延伸出一延长部37,延长部37与一连接件38接合。这种接合是通过一中置滚柱轴承39实现的,连接件38通过另一销子42和相应的滚柱轴承39与控制轴41的凸缘端40连接。
控制轴41可在轴承43上转动,它的另一端由一角度基准销45和一锁定螺钉46刚性连到一齿形皮带轮44上。
另一方面,由所述驱动轴(未示出)同步驱动的齿形传动皮带47使控制轴41运转。一个由标号48示意表示的张力元件通常也可绕枢轴49转动地装在汽缸盖11上。如上所述,汽缸盖11的上部由罩壳36封闭,齿形皮带47装在侧向延伸的保护件50中。
借助于在罩壳36中产生的抽吸作用,转动轴件24、25和26能将大量的混合物抽到腔室14和15中。
混合物然后分别通过例如由套筒16的侧向凹陷部分构成传送通道51和52传送到活塞17和18下方的压缩腔室中。
在腔室14和15的下端,在装有阀座55的端帽54中设有孔53。
在端帽中设置了菌形阀56,当阀处于其停靠位置时,在轮辐弹簧57的作用下,阀封住孔53,弹簧57与阀56同轴设置并采取适当的设计。
本发明的汽缸盖也可用于多缸内燃机,但特别有利地适用于双缸发动机。通过如上所述的安置各个零部件,就可在保持其结构和装配的简易性的同时实现其明显的小巧紧凑性。
本发明的内燃机汽缸盖的工作情况是明显易懂的,下面仅作一下简述。
通过固定在汽缸盖11上的罩壳36和轴套31中形成的通道35供给混合物。随着轴件24、25和26的转动,通道33和34交替地与固定通道35接通,混合物就交替地经通道33和34送入相应的腔室14和15。
随着轴件的转动,轴件借助连杆23使活塞17和18运动,其结果是对从传送通道51和52流入下面压缩区的混合物进行压缩。喷射活塞17和18通过阀56有选择地将混合物喷入下方的燃烧室12和13。
本发明通过利用特殊结构的轴件、连带有强制传动装置的连接件和通道,来构成一种小型汽缸盖。
具有中心主体24和两凸缘端25和26的轴件结构,使得易于设置用于其转动和用于与连杆23连接的销子28和29。此外,通过简单地将其中一个销子29延伸出延长部37,就可以一种极为简单的方式实现与控制轴41的连接。
因此,本发明的汽缸盖具有非同一般的小巧紧凑性,并能提供明显的结构上的优点。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于内燃机的小型汽缸盖(11),它包括装设有阀孔(53)和相关的阀门(56)的至少一对汽缸,为每个汽缸设有一个腔室(14,15),所述腔室的一端与所述阀门(56)相连,另一端与供给燃油混合物的装置相连,在每个腔室(14,15)中设置有一个用于将所述腔室(14,15)中产生的混合物喷入相应汽缸的活塞(17,18),所述活塞(17,18)由连杆(23)带动,所述连杆(23)由一个受一驱动轴操纵的强制传动装置(44,47)驱动,其特征是:所述活塞(17,18)的每个连杆(23)可转动地安装在一个轴件(24,25,26)上,所述轴件包括一个圆柱形的转动中心主体(24),所述轴件可在一个装在所述汽缸盖(11)中的轴套(31)内转动并与所述强制传动装置(44,47)刚性连接,所述轴件(24,25,26)和所述轴套(31)中设置有燃油混合物供给通道(33,34,35),所述供给通道在所述轴件(24,25,26)转动过程中可交替地对准接通。
2.根据权利要求1的小型汽缸盖,其特征是,所述中心主体具有两个较大直径的凸缘端(25,26),所述连杆(23)可转动地安装在所述凸缘端上。
3.根据权利要求2的小型汽缸盖,其特征是,一个所述凸缘端(25)与所述中心主体(24)整体成形,而另一个所述凸缘端(26)被压装到所述中心主体(24)上。
4.根据权利要求1的小型汽缸盖,其特征是,所述连杆(23)通过滚柱轴承(27)和相应的销子(28,29)连到所述轴件的凸缘端(25,26)上,在所述轴套(31)和所述轴件(24,25,26)之间设置至少两个端轴承(30)。
5.根据权利要求1的小型汽缸盖,其特征是,所述轴套(31)由至少一个开口环(32)固定到所述汽缸盖(11)上。
6.根据权利要求1的小型汽缸盖,其特征是,设置在所述轴件中的所述通道(33,34)各具有一个轴向延伸部分和一个倾斜延伸部分并且彼此偏置180°,它们可交替地与在所述轴套(31)和在所述汽缸盖(11)的罩壳(36)中部分成形的通道(35)对准接通。
7.根据权利要求1的小型汽缸盖,其特征是,所述轴件(24,25,26)通过一个连接件(38)与一个控制轴(41)相连,所述控制轴与所述强制传动装置(44,47)刚性连接。
8.根据权利要求7的小型汽缸盖,其特征是,所述轴件(24,25,26)通过一个所述连杆(23)的销子(29)的一个轴向延长部(37)与所述连接件(38)相连。
9.根据权利要求7的小型汽缸盖,其特征是,所述连接件(38)通过另一个销子(42)与所述控制轴(41)的一个凸缘端(40)接合。
10.根据权利要求7的小型汽缸盖,其特征是,所述强制传动装置包括一个固定到所述控制轴(41)上的齿形皮带轮(44),所述皮带轮由一条受一个驱动轴驱动的齿形皮带(47)带动运转。
CN95101475A 1994-02-02 1995-01-28 用于内燃机的小型汽缸盖 Expired - Fee Related CN1061411C (zh)

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IT000183A/94 1994-02-02
ITMI940183A IT1269717B (it) 1994-02-02 1994-02-02 Disposizione compatta di testata per motori a combustione interna,in particolare a due cilindri
IT000183A/1994 1994-02-02

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EP (1) EP0666410B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3564187B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1061411C (zh)
AT (1) ATE159793T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69500935T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2109046T3 (zh)
IT (1) IT1269717B (zh)
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JP3698225B2 (ja) * 1996-12-27 2005-09-21 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関のシリンダヘッド構造
NZ507923A (en) 1998-05-04 2002-05-31 Xrdi Inc Multi-fuel engine
JP3920470B2 (ja) * 1998-09-07 2007-05-30 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 筒内噴射式エンジン
US6877491B2 (en) * 2002-07-31 2005-04-12 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Air fuel injection engine

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EP0451466A1 (de) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-16 Werner Mayer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine
EP0514982A1 (en) * 1991-05-20 1992-11-25 PIAGGIO VEICOLI EUROPEI S.p.A. Internal combustion engines, with a separate chamber for a fuel injection

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GB2102882B (en) * 1981-07-24 1985-09-11 Lucas Ind Plc Combined fuel injection pump and injector units for c.i. engines
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JP2820782B2 (ja) * 1990-07-19 1998-11-05 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 空気燃料噴射式2サイクルエンジンの空気ポンプ配置構造

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0451466A1 (de) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-16 Werner Mayer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine
EP0514982A1 (en) * 1991-05-20 1992-11-25 PIAGGIO VEICOLI EUROPEI S.p.A. Internal combustion engines, with a separate chamber for a fuel injection

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ITMI940183A1 (it) 1995-08-02
TW268990B (zh) 1996-01-21
EP0666410B1 (en) 1997-10-29
JPH07238838A (ja) 1995-09-12
CN1112194A (zh) 1995-11-22
DE69500935T2 (de) 1998-03-12
IT1269717B (it) 1997-04-15
ITMI940183A0 (it) 1994-02-02
ATE159793T1 (de) 1997-11-15
JP3564187B2 (ja) 2004-09-08
EP0666410A1 (en) 1995-08-09
ES2109046T3 (es) 1998-01-01
DE69500935D1 (de) 1997-12-04
US5477835A (en) 1995-12-26

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