CN106141171B - Hud typed superstructure nano material, its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Hud typed superstructure nano material, its preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN106141171B
CN106141171B CN201510202658.5A CN201510202658A CN106141171B CN 106141171 B CN106141171 B CN 106141171B CN 201510202658 A CN201510202658 A CN 201510202658A CN 106141171 B CN106141171 B CN 106141171B
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superstructure
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gold
metal
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CN106141171A (en
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黄又举
陈涛
张磊
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of hud typed superstructure nano material, its preparation method and applications.The hud typed superstructure nano material is to regenerate long pattern by a kind of new noncontinuity to prepare to be formed, including:Nano metal material as nucleus is provided, and in the nano metal material surface modification macromolecule;There is the high molecular nano metal material to insert in selective solvent surface modification, polymer segment is made to collapse or stretch, so as to form nano-area discrete, for the second metal accumulation in nucleating surface;And bimetallic atom is made to accumulate to form superstructure in the nano-area noncontinuity of the nucleating surface.The preparation method of the present invention is simple to operation, and controllability is good, and obtains hud typed superstructure nano material with excellent properties, such as obtains multistage Au/Pd superstructures nano material with very high surface electro-chemical activity, available for highly sensitive detection H2O2Wait substances.

Description

Hud typed superstructure nano material, its preparation method and application
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to be regenerated using noncontinuity the present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of core-shell structured nanomaterials Long pattern prepares the method and its use of hud typed superstructure nano material (such as the superstructures bimetal nano such as Au/Pd material) On the way, such as the application in sensing detection field.
Background technology
Nano material, the particularly physics of metal nanoparticle, chemical property by its size, composition, crystallinity, shape and The influence of structure is very big.Wherein, the importance become in metal nanoparticle research of shape control.At present A kind of common method is the growing method of seed modulation.For example, in an exemplary embodiments, this method is:First in water The spherical gold grain of several nanosizeds is obtained with strong reductant reduction gold salt in solution, is referred to as crystal seed;Afterwards by gold salt, structure The aqueous solution of directed agents (such as cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) and weak reductant (such as ascorbic acid) is mixed with certain proportion, is claimed Be growth solution;Finally, appropriate small gold nano grain is added in growth solution as nuclearing centre, variously-shaped gold Nanostructured will be formed.
In the research of traditional core-shell structured nanomaterials, surfactant in noble metal nano particles building-up process, All it is that non-covalent bond is adsorbed in nucleating surface, when the metallic atom being reduced accumulates nucleating surface, the surface of physical absorption is lived Property agent by competition replace, then adsorb in outermost nanoparticle surface, continuous shell is generally made in this continuous growth pattern Layer structure, and more difficult obtain morphology controllable, discrete shell structurre.For example, it is using nanometer to please refer to Fig.1 shown in a Golden stick utilizes traditional continuity nucleus to regenerate the schematic diagram that long pattern prepares hud typed Au/Pd nano materials as nucleus.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a kind of hud typed superstructure nano material and its noncontinuity regrowth mould Formula preparation method, so as to overcome deficiency of the prior art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the purposes of the hud typed superstructure nano material.
To realize aforementioned invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes:
A kind of hud typed superstructure nano material, including:
As nucleus, the nano metal material that is mainly made of the first metal,
And as shell, mainly grow the superstructure that is formed the nucleating surface is discontinuous by the second metal.
Further, first metal preferably from but be not limited to Au.
Further, second metal preferably from but be not limited to Pt, Pd, Ag.
Further, the nucleus preferably from but be not limited to grain size be 3nm~100nm nano particle.
Further, the shape of the nano particle is at least selected from rodlike, spherical, cubic.
Further, it is (particularly flat to include the discrete plural nano particle for being distributed in the nucleating surface for the superstructure Equal grain size is in the extra small nano particle of below 5nm), the nano particle is mainly made of the second metal.
Wherein, if the superstructure is spherical shape, size can regulate and control between 50-150nm;And for cuboid Superstructure, length can regulate and control between 50-250nm, and diameter is about between 20-100nm.
Further, the grain size of the hud typed superstructure nano material is preferably 20nm~200nm.
Among an embodiment, the hud typed superstructure nano material is bimetallic multilevel superstructure nano material, Wherein nucleus and shell are made of respectively the first metal, the second metal.
A kind of method for preparing the hud typed superstructure nano material, including:
Nano metal material as nucleus is provided, and macromolecule is selected in the nano metal material surface modification,
There is the selected high molecular nano metal material to insert in selective solvent surface modification, make selected macromolecule Segment is collapsed or stretched, so as to form nano-area discrete, for the second metal accumulation in nucleating surface,
And bimetallic atom is made to accumulate to form superstructure in the nano-area noncontinuity of the nucleating surface.
Among one more preferred embodiment, the preparation method can include:Choosing is made by chemical bonding mode Determine macromolecule and be modified the nano metal material surface.
Wherein, the selected macromolecule can be hydrophobic polymer, such as can be polymethyl methacrylate or poly- Styrene, but not limited to this, and corresponding selective solvent is water, polar organic solvent etc..
Opposite, if the selected macromolecule is hydrophilic macromolecule, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol Deng then corresponding selective solvent is nonpolar solvent or weak polar solvent.
Among one more preferred embodiment, the preparation method can include:By by bimetallic ion Reduction forms atom and is deposited in the nucleating surface and forms superstructure.
Application of the foregoing any hud typed superstructure nano material in preparation detection kit or sensor.
For example, providing a kind of sensing element among an application scheme, it includes the hud typed superstructure nano materials.
For example, a kind of H is provided among an application scheme2O2Detection probe, it includes superstructure Au/Pd nano materials, The multilevel superstructure Au/Pd nano materials include Au nano particles and mainly by the discrete Au nano grain surfaces that are distributed in The superstructure of Pd nano particles composition.
The H2O2Detection probe is for H2O2Detection limit can be down to 1 μM.
Further, wherein Pd particles system is the Pd nanometer rods of super-small, is ordered in gold nanorods surface work For shell.
Macromolecule is tied to nucleating surface by the present invention by chemical bond (such as S-Au, gold-sulfide linkage), is prevented newly-generated Metallic atom competition replace, so as to form a kind of noncontinuity nucleus different from conventional precious metal particle growth mode Surface growth pattern, only exposed nucleating surface is for by the realization continued growth of atom packing space.According to this new Growth pattern, the metal nanoparticle (such as gold nano grain) of different-shape are selected as nucleus, and surface is by macromolecule It is bound by chemical bond, in selective solvent, the macromolecular chain of outer layer is collapsed to nucleating surface, forms a noncontinuity life Long surface (such as noncontinuity reduction growing surface), allows other metals or non-metallic atom in these discrete nucleus Surface is grown, and then can form hud typed superstructure nano material, particularly the super nano structural material of bimetallic nucleocapsid.
Compared with prior art, advantageous effect of the present invention at least that:
(1) noncontinuity growth pattern caused by polymer chemistry modification nucleus provided by the present invention is a kind of new Hud typed superstructure nano material is synthesized, particularly the method for more metal hybrid nano materials of new multistage structure, it is simple It is easy to operate, and in operation, it can very easily regulate and control the component of nano material, pattern (only needs adjustment nucleus Pattern) etc.;
(2) the hud typed superstructure nano material that the present invention is obtained has many excellent performances, and superstructure is due to nanoparticle The dimensional effect of son and the coupling effect of multicomponent nanocomposite metal, can generate special optics, electricity and catalytic performance.Such as Multilevel superstructure Au/Pd nano materials therein have very high surface electro-chemical activity, are applicable as highly sensitive detection sensing and receive Rice material, and have bright prospects preparing the fields such as efficient food sensor.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a- Fig. 1 b are that the regrowth schematic diagram of conventional ion SURFACTANT ADSORPTION gold core and the present invention one are implemented respectively The noncontinuity growth pattern schematic diagram of the nucleus formation of modified ligand is bound in case by chemical bond;
Fig. 2 is the noncontinuity growth that the nanometer gold bar nucleus that polymer chemistry key is bound in one embodiment of the invention is formed The transmission electron microscope photo of gold-palladium (Au/Pd) superstructure nano material prepared by pattern;
Fig. 3 is the gold-palladium superstructure formed in another embodiment of the present invention using ball-type nanogold as the discontinuous growth of nucleus The transmission electron microscope picture of nano material;
Fig. 4 is the gold-palladium superjunction formed in further embodiment of this invention using Cubic nanogold as the discontinuous growth of nucleus The transmission electron microscope picture of structure nano material;
Fig. 5 a- Fig. 5 b are the high-resolution elemental analysis TEM pictures of the nano material of gold-palladium superstructure shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is with the cyclic voltammetry curve figure of the nano material of gold-palladium superstructure shown in Fig. 4 detection hydrogen peroxide.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is substantially in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a kind of noncontinuity of new nano material again Growth pattern can obtain new hud typed superstructure nano material using this pattern.
In some case study on implementation of the present invention, gold nano grain, such as nanometer gold bar, gold goal or Gionee cube can quilts Nucleus is selected as, by binding modified ligand macromolecule in its surface chemistry, and makes the height of its outer layer using selective solvent Strand is collapsed to golden stick surface, forms a noncontinuity for other metallic atoms for being reduced, such as palladium atom packing Nanosurface, and then palladium atom noncontinuity is made to be stacked into gold nano grain surface, forms gold-palladium (Au/Pd) superstructure nanometer Material etc..
Among of the invention one more specifically embodiment, primary can be formed by electronation gold chloride in the solution Gold nanoparticle is as nucleus, by the way that reaction condition is controlled to prepare the gold nano of the different-shapes such as ball-type, rod type, cubic type Grain, afterwards, please refers to Fig.1 b, can be added in after gold nano grain surface chemistry binds macromolecule in Pd ion growth-promoting medias, system Standby gold-palladium superstructure nano material.
Further, which may include steps of:
(1) preparation of the gold nano grain of different-shape
The gold nano grain of different-shape, as ball-type, stick, Cubic can serve as modification nucleus.With 18nm grain sizes Ball-type nanogold nucleus exemplified by, by 100mL, 2.5 × 10-4The chlorauric acid solution of M is heated to 120 DEG C, adds in 10mL 1wt% Sodium citrate solution, after heating stirring 20min, solution colour becomes claret, and the gold nano grain of 18nm or so is made.It takes 10mL gold nano grain solution, centrifugation 10min (8000pm), and 10mL is dispersed in again, the cetyl trimethyl bromine of 80mM Change spare in the aqueous solution of ammonium (CTAB).
(2) gold nano grain surface chemical modification hydrophobic polymer
Hydrophobic polymer containing sulfydryl is used for the surface of chemical modification gold nano grain, such as poly-methyl methacrylate Ester, polystyrene etc..Here, by taking 6- sulfydryl hex- 1- alcohol (MCH) as an example, weight after 20mL gold nano grains seed solution is centrifuged It is newly dispersed in 20mL dimethylformamides (DMF), 100mg MCH is dissolved in 2mL DMF, are added to 20mL gold nanoparticles DMF solution in, be stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, centrifugation purification after the Au@MCH of acquisition are dispersed in again it is spare in DMF.
(3) gold nano grain surface in situ reduction growth Pd nano particle
1mL Au@MCH solution is added to 5-20mL 0.001M H2PdCl4Aqueous solution in, ultrasonic 1min uniformly divides It dissipates, is then quickly added into 1-5mL, in the ascorbic acid solution of 0.01M, be vigorously stirred 10s and place more than 6h at room temperature, so as to make Obtain gold-palladium superstructure nano material.
Make more detailed illustrate to technical scheme below in conjunction with several embodiments and attached drawing.
Embodiment 1:The preparation of rodlike gold-palladium superstructure nano material, includes the following steps:
(1) rodlike gold nano seed is prepared
The preparation of nanometer gold seeds:By the 5 × 10 of 10mL-4The HAuCl of M4Solution is added to the 0.2M CTAB (ten of 10mL Six alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides) in solution, then by the ice-cold NaBH of 1.2mL4Solution (0.01M) rapidly joins above-mentioned mixing In solution, 2min is vigorously stirred.It stands at room temperature spare after at least 10min.The preparation of gold ion growth-promoting media:By 4mL's HAuCl4(0.01M) and 0.8mL AgNO3Solution (0.01M) is added in the CTAB solution (0.1M) of 80mL and is sufficiently mixed, and will The ascorbic acid solution (0.1M) of 0.64mL is added in growth-promoting media, is uniformly mixed, is added in the 1.0M dilute hydrochloric acid solutions of 1.6mL Adjust the pH value of growth-promoting media.Then the nanogold seed solution of 0.02mL is rapidly joined in growth-promoting media, stirs 10s, at room temperature Gold nanorods are made after placing 6h.10min is centrifuged under 8000rpm, the gold nanorods of precipitation are disperseed in deionized water again It is spare.
(2) gold nanorods surface chemistry binding macromolecule
Hydrophobic polymer MCH containing sulfydryl is used for the surface of the gold nanorods of chemical modification, by the gold nano of 20mL It is dispersed in again in 20mL solvent dimethylformamides (DMF) after the centrifugation of stick seed solution, 100mg MCH is dissolved in 2mL DMF In, it is added in the DMF solution of 20mL gold nanorods, is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, be dispersed in obtained Au@MCH again after centrifugation purification It is spare in DMF.
(3) rodlike gold-palladium superstructure nano material is prepared
1mL Au@MCH solution is added to 5mL 0.001M H2PdCl4Aqueous solution in, ultrasonic 1min is uniformly dispersed, so After rapidly join 1mL, in the ascorbic acid solution of 0.01M, be vigorously stirred 10s and place more than 6h at room temperature.So as to which gold-palladium be made Superstructure nano material, pattern refers to Fig. 2.
Embodiment 2:The preparation of ball-type Au/Pd superstructure nano materials, includes the following steps:
(1) spherical gold nano seed is prepared
By 100mL, 2.5 × 10-4The chlorauric acid solution of M is heated to 120 DEG C, adds in 10mL, 1% sodium citrate solution, After heating stirring 20min, solution colour becomes claret, and the gold nanosphere of 18nm or so is made.10mL gold nanosphere solution is taken, 10min (8000pm) is centrifuged, and is dispersed in 10mL again, it is spare in the aqueous solution of the cetyl ammonium bromide of 80mM.
(2) gold nanosphere surface chemistry binding macromolecule
Hydrophobic polymer MCH containing sulfydryl is used for the surface of chemical modification gold nanosphere, by 20mL gold nanosphere kinds It is dispersed in again in 20mL solvent dimethylformamides (DMF) after sub- solution centrifugation, 100mg MCH is dissolved in 2mL DMF, are added Enter into the DMF solution of 20mL gold nanospheres, be stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, be dispersed in obtained Au@MCH in DMF again after centrifugation purification It is spare.
(3) spherical gold-palladium superstructure nano material is prepared
1mL Au@MCH solution is added to 5mL 0.001M H2PdCl4Aqueous solution in, ultrasonic 1min is uniformly dispersed, so After rapidly join 1mL, in the ascorbic acid solution of 0.01M, be vigorously stirred 10s and place more than 6h at room temperature.So as to which gold-palladium be made Superstructure nano material, pattern refers to Fig. 3.
Embodiment 3:The preparation of rodlike Au/Pd superstructures nano material, includes the following steps:
(1) Cubic gold nano seed is prepared
The HAuCl4 solution of the 0.01M of 0.25mL is added in the 0.1M CTAB solution of 7.5mL, then by 0.6mL ice Cold NaBH4 solution (0.01M) is rapidly joined in above-mentioned mixed solution, is vigorously stirred 2min.At least 1h standby is stood at room temperature With.The preparation of gold ion growth-promoting media:The CTAB solution (0.1M) of the HAuCl4 (0.01M) of 0.8mL and 6.4mL is added to 32mL It is sufficiently mixed in deionized water, and the ascorbic acid solution (0.1M) of 3.8mL is added in growth-promoting media, be uniformly mixed.So The nanogold seed solution of 0.02mL is rapidly joined in growth-promoting media afterwards, stirs 10s, Cubic gold is made after placing 6h at room temperature Nano particle (also known as gold nano cube).10min is centrifuged under 8000rpm, the gold nano grain of precipitation is dispersed in again It is spare in ionized water.
(2) gold nano cube face chemistry binding macromolecule
Hydrophobic polymer MCH containing sulfydryl is used for the surface of chemical modification gold nano grain, by 20mL gold nanos It is dispersed in again in 20mL solvent dimethylformamides (DMF) after grain seed solution centrifugation, 100mg MCH is dissolved in 2mL DMF In, it is added in the DMF solution of 20mL gold nanoparticles, is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, disperse obtained Au@MCH again after centrifugation purification It is spare in DMF.
(3) cubic gold-palladium superstructure nano material is prepared
1mL Au@MCH solution is added to 5mL 0.001M H2PdCl4Aqueous solution in, ultrasonic 1min is uniformly dispersed, so After rapidly join 1mL, in the ascorbic acid solution of 0.01M, be vigorously stirred 10s and place more than 6h at room temperature.So as to which gold-palladium be made Superstructure nano material, pattern is referring to Fig. 4, the high-resolution TEM of its elemental analysis refer to Fig. 5 a- Fig. 5 b.
The super nanostructured of gold-palladium (Au/Pd) nucleocapsid can be applied to highly sensitive detection hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), detection property Fig. 6 can be can refer to (detection limit can be down to 1 μM).
It should be appreciated that the above is only the representative several embodiments that have much in the numerous concrete application examples of the present invention, it is right Protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any way.All technical solutions formed using equivalents or equivalence replacement, Fall within rights protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of preparation method of hud typed superstructure nano material, it is characterised in that including:
The nano metal material as nucleus is provided, the nucleus is selected from the nano particle that grain size is 3nm~100nm, the crystalline substance Core is mainly made of the first metal;
By chemical bonding mode 6- sulfydryl hex- 1- alcohol is made to be modified the nano metal material surface;
The nano metal material that surface modification has 6- sulfydryl hex- 1- alcohol is inserted in water or polar organic solvent, makes 6- mercaptos The segment of base hex- 1- alcohol is collapsed or stretched, so as to form nanosection discrete, for the second metal accumulation in nucleating surface Domain;
And by the way that bimetallic ion reduction is formed atom and in the nano-area noncontinuity heap of the nucleating surface Product forms superstructure, and the superstructure includes the discrete nano particle for being distributed in the nucleating surface, and the nano particle is by the Two metals are formed and average grain diameter is in below 5nm.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first metal includes Au, second metal Including Pt, Pd or Ag.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the shape of the nucleus is selected from rodlike, spherical or vertical Cube shape.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the superstructure is that spherical and size is 50- 150nm。
5. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grain size of the hud typed superstructure nano material is 20nm~200nm.
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