CN106140240A - A kind of low-carbon alkanes or alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of low-carbon alkanes or alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low-carbon alkanes or alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst and its preparation method and application, belong to catalyst preparation and applied technical field.This catalyst preparation process is: first prepare the material containing boron nitride, including boron nitride material and the composite containing boron nitride；Then material containing boron nitride carries out under low-carbon alkanes atmosphere calcination activation, activation temperature 400～1000 DEG C, and soak time is more than 30 minutes, i.e. obtains described boron nitride catalyst；At normal pressure, under the conditions of 350～800 DEG C, gained boron nitride catalyst is used for C2～C5 alkane or ethylbenzene dehydrogenation reaction, corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbons such as C2～C5 alkene and styrene can be produced by high selectivity.Catalyst prepared by the present invention have olefine selective high, without features such as carbon distribution, life-span length, and do not produce the carbon dioxide of over oxidation, process for synthetic catalyst is simply, without metal, pollution-free, has the prospect of industrial applications.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to catalyst preparation and applied technical field, be specifically related to a kind of low-carbon alkanes or alkylbenzene oxygen
Fluidized dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Efficient Conversion low-carbon alkanes (C2～C5) produces corresponding alkene and is possible not only to acceleration and utilizes non conventional fuel gas
Supplementary raw material as fossil energy, it is also possible to releasing the chemical industry simple dependence to petroleum resources, this is
21 century utilization of energy and the milestone in the field of conversion.The thirties in 20th century so far, by low-carbon (LC) on chemical industry
Alkane transformations produces alkene and all uses direct dehydrogenation technique, and this technique is limited by thermodynamical equilibrium, it usually needs
High reaction temperature and low reaction pressure realize high conversion, under such exacting terms, will cause urging
Agent rapid deactivation.2014, Jesper J.H.B.Sattler et al. (Chem.Rev., 2014,114:
10613 10653) catalyst to direct dehydrogenation commercial Application has carried out induction and contrast, mainly includes noble metal
The catalyst such as platinum based catalyst, transition metal chromio, vanadio, molybdenio, gallio, they point out that these metals are urged
Agent is respectively provided with different advantages, but this technical process energy consumption is higher, causes because of carbon distribution and coking simultaneously
Catalyst serious inactivation limits the further development of direct dehydrogenation technique.Since the sixties in 20th century, oxidation
Dehydrogenation (ODH) technique, because its step is single, without carbon distribution, not by advantages such as thermodynamics are limited, becomes low-carbon alkanes
Convert the process route of alkene processed most prospect.But, the bottleneck of ODH process maximum is to lack high selection
The catalyst of property tunes the degree of oxidation of substrate, thus reduces over oxidation and CO2 emission.Many institute's weeks
Knowing, alkene is more active than alkane, as Harold H.Kung (Adv.Catal., 1994,40:1 38) is total
C2～the C6 alkane of knot is on most metals catalyst, and the alkene that ODH process obtains is easier to continue reaction
Generate carbon dioxide, its in theory maximum olefin yields be only 35%.F.Cavani et al. (Catal.Today,
2007,127:113 131) yield of alkanes oxidative dehydrogenation alkene on major part metallic catalyst is also summarized
Rarely exceed 20%.The alkene once through yield that usual same amount of raw material uses oxidative dehydrogenation to produce is the lowest
In the once through yield of direct dehydrogenation reaction, this will result in the profligacy of raw material, the carbon of over oxidation release simultaneously
Environment is made a very bad impression by oxide, and the strongly exothermic effect therefore caused also makes alkanes oxidative dehydrogenation technique extremely
The present cannot realize industrial applications.
Summary of the invention
The weak point existed for above-mentioned prior art, the mesh of the present invention be to provide a kind of low-carbon alkanes or
Alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst and its preparation method and application.Prepared boron nitride catalyst is
Boron nitride non-metallic catalyst without any metal, for low-carbon alkanes such as ethane, propane, normal butane, different
Pentane and oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene show high selectivity and stability.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of low-carbon alkanes or the preparation method of alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst, the method include as
Lower step:
(1) material containing boron nitride is prepared, including boron nitride material and the composite containing boron nitride；
Wherein: the preparation process of described boron nitride material is: according to nitrogen-atoms: boron atom=(1～100): 1 rub
Nitrogen source is mixed with boron source and is dissolved in solvent by your ratio, vapors away after all solvents under nitrogen containing atmosphere
600～1500 DEG C of roastings 1～24 hours, i.e. obtain described boron nitride material；The specific surface of gained boron nitride material
Amass is 200～1500m2/g；
(2) material containing boron nitride described in step (1) is carried out under low-carbon alkanes (C2～C5) atmosphere
Calcination activation, activation temperature 400～1000 DEG C, soak time is more than 30 minutes, i.e. obtains described boron nitride
Catalyst.
In above-mentioned steps (1), described boron source is the compound of boracic, such as: boric acid, boron oxide, borine,
Borate or sodium borohydride (preferred boric acid and boron oxide, more preferably boric acid)；Described nitrogen source is nitrogenous little molecule
Compound, such as: carbamide, tripolycyanamide, dicyanodiamine, ammonia or ammonia (preferably carbamide, tripolycyanamide and
Dicyanodiamine, more preferably carbamide).
In above-mentioned steps (1), nitrogen source is preferred nitrogen-atoms with boron source: boron atom=(10～60): 1, more
Preferably nitrogen-atoms: boron atom=(30～50): 1.
In above-mentioned steps (1), described nitrogen containing atmosphere is in nitrogen, ammonia, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide
One or more (preferably nitrogen and ammonias, more preferably ammonia).
In above-mentioned steps (1), the sintering temperature preparing boron nitride material is preferably 700～1200 DEG C (more preferably
800～1000 DEG C), roasting time is preferably 3～10 hours (more preferably 5～8 hours).
In above-mentioned steps (2), described low-carbon alkanes atmosphere refers to alkane or the alkene that carbon number is 2～5
(preferably alkane C4 or C5 of higher carbon chain, more preferably pentane).
In above-mentioned steps (2), activation temperature is preferably 400～700 DEG C (more preferably 500～600 DEG C), activation
Time is preferably 30～300 minutes.
Boron nitride catalyst is prepared by employing said method and is applied to low-carbon alkanes or alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation is produced
Corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbons (such as C2～C5 alkene or styrene), when this catalyst carries out above-mentioned oxidative dehydrogenation,
Possesses high olefine selective, without features such as carbon distribution, life-span length.Boron nitride catalyst use condition is: reaction
Temperature 350～800 DEG C (for differential responses thing, preferably 500～800 DEG C of ethane, preferably 500～700 DEG C of propane,
Butane preferably 400～600 DEG C, pentane preferably 350～550 DEG C), oxidant used with the volume ratio of reactant is
(0.5～8): 1, preferably (1～4): 1.
In described oxidative dehydrogenation, oxidant is oxygen, air, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, an oxidation
Nitrogen or carbon dioxide (preferably oxygen or air), can use helium as diluent, it is also possible to no in reaction
Use diluent.
When using boron nitride catalyst of the present invention to carry out oxidative dehydrogenation, when reactant alkane conversion is less than
When 10%, on this catalyst, olefine selective reaches 100%, and this process can realize single selective and produce alkene.
Design principle of the present invention is as follows:
The crystal that boron nitride is the nitrogen-atoms by equivalent and boron atom is constituted, the nitridation that usual commercial production obtains
Boron all contains oxidation of impurities boron, and the most often in the boron nitride of distinct methods synthesis gained, boron atom rubs with nitrogen-atoms
That ratio is more than 1.The present invention prepares in the technical scheme of boron nitride catalyst, containing nitrogen described in step (1)
Change the material of boron i.e. to use the present invention formulates the boron nitride material prepared of technique, it is also possible to by other
Boron source and nitrogen source mix with arbitrary proportion, and reacted rear high-temperature roasting can obtain different the answering of boron nitride content
Condensation material, either boron nitride material or other contain the composite of boron nitride, enter through step (2)
Described oxidative dehydrogenation catalytic performance is all possessed after row calcination activation.
The present invention prepares in the technical scheme of boron nitride catalyst, when preparing boron nitride material, solvent volatilization institute
Heated and stirred that the method used can be selected for commonly using, naturally volatilization, ultrasonic evaporation, rotary evaporation or spray drying
Realized etc. mode.Use boron nitride material prepared by the present invention program, it is possible to obtaining specific surface area is
200～1500m2The boron nitride material of/g, specific surface area of catalyst is the biggest more is beneficial to obtain high catalysis activity.
The present invention prepares in the technical scheme of boron nitride catalyst, the material containing boron nitride carries out roasting and lives
During change, the highest temperature is more beneficial to activated catalyst faster, but high temperature is easily caused carbon distribution cladding,
Therefore activation temperature more preferably 500～600 DEG C.
Catalyst prepared by the present invention has the advantages that
1) the boron nitride catalyst synthesized by the present invention is compared with commercialization boron nitride, has higher specific surface
Long-pending, this is fully contacted beneficially course of reaction reactant and catalyst surface, improves its surface utilisation, this
Greatly reduce the consumption of catalyst in use.The commodity boron nitride specific surface area of liquid nitrogen adsorption desorption test is 10
Meters squared per gram, and the present invention can control synthesized boron nitride by the ratio in regulation nitrogen source and boron source and be catalyzed
Agent specific surface area changes between 200～1500 meters squared per gram.
2) catalyst that the preparation method of the present invention is provided and dehydrating alkanes industrializeding catalyst ferrum oxide phase
Ratio, its application performance significantly improves, and is mainly reflected in: use fixed bed reactors to carry out catalytic performance test,
Under same conversion, olefine selective improves 2 times；In the case of dry-steam charging, 100 hours stability
Test shows, ferric oxide catalyst inactivates 50% because of carbon distribution, and the catalyst activity that the present invention provides is hardly
Become.
3) gained boron nitride catalyst of the present invention is when alkanes oxidative dehydrogenation reacts, is nearly free from excessive oxygen
The carbon dioxide changed, its maximum olefin yields is more than 45%.It is essential that when alkane conversion is less than 10%
Olefine selective can be close to 100%, and this is all unable to reach on the Oxydehydrogenation catalyst of conventional all uses,
The industrialization target of single selective production alkene can be realized by this process being carried out many Cheng Xunhuan.Therefore,
Catalyst obtained by the preparation method of the application present invention is more suitable for low-carbon alkanes and alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation system
Take the industrial-scale production of unsaturated olefin and aromatic hydrocarbon, have a extensive future.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Fe2O3With BN-C5 catalyst in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane reacts under the conditions of differentiated yields
Olefine selective.
Fig. 2 is Fe2O3With the stability contrast in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane reacts of the BN-C5 catalyst.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for further illustrating the present invention, in order to preferably illustrate present disclosure.
Embodiment 1
Weighing boric acid 1.24 grams, 12.02 grams of carbamide, now nitrogen-atoms and boron atomic molar proportioning are 10:1, add
Enter 60 milliliters of water, be heated to 60 DEG C and stir to being completely dissolved, this solution is vapored away all in 60 DEG C of baking ovens
Solvent, takes out solid, puts into quartz boat, and be passed through ammonia in tube furnace, 1000 DEG C of roastings 5 hours.Institute
The material number obtained is BN M1.
Embodiment 2～5
By the operating procedure of embodiment 1, the change boron source of indefiniteness, nitrogen source, boron nitrogen-atoms proportioning and roasting
Burning temperature, obtained boron nitride material number consecutively is BN M2～BN M5, and its corresponding parameter is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 9
BN M1 boron nitride material synthesized by embodiment 1 is activated, weighs 500 milligrams of BN M1
Putting in tube furnace, be passed through the isopentane of 50 ml/min, at 430 DEG C, constant temperature activates 60 minutes, institute
Obtain catalyst numbered BN C1.BN C1 is carried out catalytic performance test (the results are shown in Table 2): with ethane,
Oxygen, helium volume proportion be the gaseous mixture of 1:1:48 as reactor feed gas, test used catalyst every time
50 milligrams, raw gas feed stream amount is 10 ml/min, and reaction temperature 550 DEG C utilizes Agilent gas phase color
Spectrometer 7890A detects product, calculates conversion ratio and selective method is as follows:
Before alkane conversion (%)=100 × (alkane molal quantity after the reaction of alkane molal quantity before reaction)/reaction
Alkane molal quantity
The total olefin molal quantity of olefine selective (%)=100 × generation/(before reaction after the reaction of alkane molal quantity
Alkane molal quantity)
The CO molal quantity of CO selectivity (%)=100 × generation/(react alkane after front alkane molal quantity reaction
Molal quantity)
CO2The CO of selectivity (%)=100 × generation2Molal quantity/(react alkane after front alkane molal quantity reaction
Molal quantity)
Embodiment 10～16
According to the activation step of embodiment 9, respectively the BN M2 in embodiment 2～5～BN M5 is activated,
And changing activation condition, the activation condition of its correspondence is shown in Table 1, and the catalyst after activation is numbered
BN C2～BN C5, is used for C2～C5 by BN C2～BN C5 respectively according to the catalytic performance testing procedure of embodiment 9
Alkanes oxidative dehydrogenation reacts, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1
Weigh dehydrating alkanes industrial catalyst ferrum oxide (numbered Fe2O3) 500 milligrams, according to embodiment 9
Catalytic performance testing procedure, carries out oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane performance test, and test condition is with the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2
Weigh BN (Aldrich Reagent Company) 500 milligrams, the numbered PBN of purchase, utilize this material to repeat
Activation in embodiment 9 and catalytic performance test, its activation parameter and catalytic performance are listed in Tables 1 and 2 respectively
In.
Comparative example 3
Contrast Fe2O3With BN C5 selectivity of catalyst: with ethane, oxygen, helium proportioning as 1:1:48
Gaseous mixture is as reactor feed gas, used catalyst weight 50 milligrams, and reaction temperature 550 DEG C, unstripped gas enters
Stream amount selects 10,20,30,40,50 ml/min respectively, contrasts two catalyst at differentiated yields bar
Olefine selective under part, its comparing result is as shown in Figure 1.
Comparative example 4
Contrast Fe2O3Stability with BN C5 catalyst: with ethane, oxygen, helium proportioning as 1:1:48
Gaseous mixture is as reactor feed gas, used catalyst weight 50 milligrams, and reaction temperature 550 DEG C, unstripped gas enters
Stream amount selects 20 ml/min, contrasts 100 hours interior reaction stabilities of two catalyst, its comparing result
As shown in Figure 2.
The preparation condition of table 1 boron nitride material and activation parameter
The catalysis dehydrogenation performance of each catalyst of table 2
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for clearly demonstrating example of the present invention, and not
It it is the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, in described above
On the basis of can also make other changes in different forms.Here all of embodiment cannot be given
With exhaustive.Every belong to obvious change or variation that technical scheme extended out all at this
Within the bright scope contained.
Claims (10)
1. low-carbon alkanes or an alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation preparation method for boron nitride catalyst, its feature exists
In: the method comprises the steps:
(1) material containing boron nitride is prepared, including boron nitride material and the composite containing boron nitride；
(2) material containing boron nitride described in step (1) is carried out calcination activation under low-carbon alkanes atmosphere,
Activation temperature 400～1000 DEG C, soak time is more than 30 minutes, i.e. obtains described boron nitride catalyst.
Low-carbon alkanes the most according to claim 1 or the system of alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst
Preparation Method, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the preparation process of described boron nitride material is: former according to nitrogen
Son: boron atom=(1～100): nitrogen source is mixed with boron source and is dissolved in solvent by the molar ratio of 1, volatilization
Fall after all solvents under nitrogen containing atmosphere 600～1500 DEG C of roastings 1～24 hours, i.e. obtain described boron nitride material.
Low-carbon alkanes the most according to claim 2 or the system of alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst
Preparation Method, it is characterised in that: described boron source is the compound of boracic, and described nitrogen source is nitrogenous micromolecular compound；
Nitrogen source and the nitrogen-atoms in boron source: boron atom=(10～60): 1.
4. according to the low-carbon alkanes described in Claims 2 or 3 or alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst
Preparation method, it is characterised in that: described boron source is boric acid, boron oxide, borine, borate or sodium borohydride,
Described nitrogen source is carbamide, tripolycyanamide, dicyanodiamine, ammonia or ammonia.
Low-carbon alkanes the most according to claim 2 or the system of alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst
Preparation Method, it is characterised in that: in step (1), described nitrogen containing atmosphere is selected from nitrogen, ammonia, nitric oxide
With one or more in nitrogen dioxide.
Low-carbon alkanes the most according to claim 1 or the system of alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride catalyst
Preparation Method, it is characterised in that: in step (2), described low-carbon alkanes atmosphere refers to that carbon number is 2～5
Alkane or the atmosphere of alkene.
Low-carbon alkanes or alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation boron nitride that the most according to claim 1, prepared by method are urged
Agent.
Low-carbon alkanes or the alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation application of boron nitride catalyst the most according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that: this boron nitride catalyst is applied to low-carbon alkanes or corresponding unsaturation is produced in alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation
Hydrocarbon；Boron nitride catalyst use condition is: the body of reaction temperature 350～800 DEG C, oxidant used and reactant
Long-pending ratio is (0.5～8): 1.
Low-carbon alkanes or the alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation application of boron nitride catalyst the most according to claim 8,
It is characterized in that: for differential responses thing, boron nitride catalyst uses temperature different, and ethane is 500～800 DEG C,
Propane is 500～700 DEG C, and butane is 400～600 DEG C, and pentane is 350～550 DEG C.
Low-carbon alkanes or alkylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation answering with boron nitride catalyst the most according to claim 8
With, it is characterised in that: in described oxidative dehydrogenation, oxidant is oxygen, air, nitrous oxide, dioxy
Change nitrogen, nitric oxide or carbon dioxide.
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| CN106694017A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-24 | 大连理工大学 | Catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkane to prepare olefin, optimization method and application thereof |
| CN107739297A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-27 | 厦门大学 | It is a kind of to directly select the method that oxidation prepares methanol, formaldehyde, CO for methane |
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| CN108043444A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 厦门大学 | The preparation and its application of low-carbon alkanes oxidative dehydrogenation boron modification nitridation B catalyst |
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| CN115382564A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-25 | 沈阳师范大学 | Preparation method of hierarchical porous carbon-doped boron nitride catalyst, catalyst and application thereof |
| CN115382564B (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2024-06-21 | 沈阳师范大学 | Preparation method of hierarchical pore carbon doped boron nitride catalyst, catalyst and application of catalyst |
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