CN106130380B - Improved mixing one circle control method in a kind of modular multilevel rectifier - Google Patents
Improved mixing one circle control method in a kind of modular multilevel rectifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN106130380B CN106130380B CN201610563256.2A CN201610563256A CN106130380B CN 106130380 B CN106130380 B CN 106130380B CN 201610563256 A CN201610563256 A CN 201610563256A CN 106130380 B CN106130380 B CN 106130380B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
Abstract
The invention discloses mixing Cycle Control methods improved in a kind of modular multilevel rectifier.On the basis of classical Cycle Control (OCC) and the weber principle of equal effects, the correspondence between modular multilevel rectifier MMR bridge arm equivalents duty ratio and the work period of each submodule is established；Then pass through the virtual cyclic mapping under correct direction, balance dynamic capacitance voltage and the switching frequency for reducing submodule eliminate DC voltage second harmonic, have singlephase earth fault fault-tolerant ability, the negative sequence voltage penalty method based on power limitation control is proposed, so as to eliminate DC voltage ripple.Since rectifier is operated in unity power factor, the requirement to gate inductance is also declined.Whole control scheme only needs a PI controller, therefore the control program of the simplification greatly reduces system cost and the complexity of system control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mixing one circle control method improved in modular multilevel rectifier, this method is based on the monocycle
Control and virtual cyclic mapping method, handle signal, belong to modular multilevel rectifier technical field.
Background technology
Converter is usually designed to as an important component in energy conversion system and is converted to alternating current
Direct current is converted to exchange (inverter) by direct current (rectifier).By the continuous development of more than 20 years, in various converter skills
In art, Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is rising, it has much compared with traditional multi-level converter
Advantage, for example, the degree of modularity is high, the low and low total harmonic distortion (THD) of switching frequency.
In practice, it is a large amount of to use topology back-to-back, the wherein back-to-back connection of rectifier and inverter and and dc bus
Voltage is related.The design of rectifier keeps DC bus-bar voltage constant, is the key that entire MMC system performances.Meanwhile MMC quilts
For in Balanced or unbalanced network operation.For example, single-phase earthing (SLG) failure, the imbalance of network voltage and electric current is caused,
Lead to MMC poor performances, for example, DC voltage ripple and ac bus current imbalance.In this case, MMC is required to tie
Effective control program is closed, to eliminate or mitigate the influence of unbalanced power grid, ensure that its performance.
Control programs of a large amount of MMC under the conditions of unbalanced power supply is proposed in nearest document.Such as, it is proposed that one
A double-current control program for MMC and positive and negative sequence current controller and an additional zero-sequence current controller controlling party
The design of case inhibits the DC voltage ripple voltage uneven；It proposes and inhibits second harmonic in MMC-HVDC system dc voltages
A secondary control scheme, but this needs the second order filter of a special designing, increases the complexity of system；It proposes
Ratio resonance (PR) control program with inhibit harmonic circulating current and eliminate DC side power swing.
The major part that note that above-mentioned control program is based on instantaneous power theory.They have used proportional integration (PI)
Controller uses a kind of system of 3 axes PR controllers, and including dq synchronous rotating frames, a-b-c frozen frozen masses and alpha-beta are static
Frame.However, increasing control system and the complexity of transformation matrix in coordinate transform, the speed of service of entire MMC systems is reduced.
For example, each to generate multiple PI parameters as there are two PI controllers, enforcement difficulty is increased.
In contrast, one circle control (OCC) scheme is feasible and simple.One typical OCC scheme can only make
It is realized with a PI controller, so as to reduce the complexity of system and meet the requirement of the certain MMC applications of performance requirement.
Although since the traditional OCC schemes of the limitation of itself are seldom on MMC capacitor voltage balances and reduction switching frequency.
Therefore the Cycle Control scheme at present very it is necessary to develop suitable for MMC realizes active voltage balancing, and reduce
Switching frequency.
Invention content
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides improved in a kind of modular multilevel rectifier
One circle control method is mixed, this method, based on One-Cycle Control and virtual cyclic mapping method, only needs in the design of rectifier
A PI controller is wanted, structure is simplified, while optimizes rectification effect, is greatly reduced the complexity of system control and is
System cost.
The technical scheme is that：Improved mixing one circle control method in a kind of modular multilevel rectifier,
On the basis of classical one circle control and the weber principle of equal effects, the upper bridge of any one phase of modular multilevel rectifier is established
Correspondence between the work period of the equivalent duty ratio and each submodule of arm and lower bridge arm, modular multilevel rectifier list
Mutually input phase voltage Uj, j=a, b, the range of c can be divided into four region I-IV；
One VSM transfer relationships of table are analyzed
Wherein：VcThe virtual submodule VSM of four, upper arm is represented for submodule capacitor voltage, 1 ' to 4 ', and 5 ' to 8 ' generations
The virtual submodule VSM of table underarm four；1 represents that VSM is open-minded, and 0 represents VSM shutdowns；(1:0) pulse width modulation (PWM) letter is represented
Number change to 0 from 1, bridge arm equivalent duty ratio d in correspondencejn, j=a, b, c, n=1~4, djnN-th of expression jth phase is virtual
The upper bridge arm equivalent duty ratio of submodule VSM；(0:1) represent that pwm signal changes to 1 from 0, the work period is equal to (1-djn).This
It is some special arrange to be combined with appropriate cyclic mapping direction can reduce the switching frequency of MMC.
It further,, can by adjusting the equivalent duty ratio of upper and lower bridge arm when singlephase earth fault SLG occurs for power grid
Inhibit DC voltage fluctuation, maintain the stabilization of DC bus-bar voltage；According to voltage-second balance, when being operated in four region I-IV, under
Bridge arm equivalent duty ratio DjnWith upper bridge arm equivalent duty ratio djnBetween be respectively present following relationship as shown in Table 2：
Two D of tablejnAnd djnRelation table
Wherein：UjnFor input AC phase voltage, UdcFor dc bus output voltage, DjnN-th of expression jth phase is virtual
The equivalent duty ratio of lower bridge arm of submodule VSM；
Each submodule dynamic capacity voltage can be balanced using two relationship of table and reduces insulated gate in each submodule
Above-mentioned two relationship of table is substituted into the number of modular multilevel rectifier as described below by the switching frequency of bipolar transistor IGBT
Learn model expression：
Obtain the final formula of each region mixing Cycle Control:
Region I：
Region II：
Region III：
Region IV：
In formula, RsIt is the inductive reactance of input current, ReFor power equivalent resistance, IjFor j phase input currents；By above formula,
It can obtain the control signal that each region inputs virtual cyclic mapping VLM.
The technical solution that improved mixing one circle control method is taken in modular multilevel rectifier of the present invention is included such as
Lower step：
(1) DC voltage controls to obtain V through PImValue.
(2) to signal Vm(- tx/ τ) is integrated, the voltage feedback value of integral result and negative sequence component and output direct current
The error controling signal superposition of pressure, obtains final argument.
(3) upper and lower arm SM numbers are assumed for 4 (n=4), and real submodule (RSM) number is from 1 to 8.Pass through multistage single-revolution
Phase control (MOCC) amplification PWM outputs, RSMS are transformed into RSM by virtual cyclic mapping (VLM) from VSM.
(4) in this case, MMR input voltages (UJ) range can be divided into four region I-IV, and transfer truth table is table
One, 1 to 4 represents upper arm VSM, and 5 to 8 represent underarm VSM.Here " 1 " means that corresponding VSM is opened, " 0 " table
Show shutdown.(1:0) pwm signal from " 1 " to " 0 ", duty ratio corresponding d are representedjn.(0:1) represent that pwm signal is changed to from " 0 "
" 1 ", and its work period is equal to (1-djn).These special arrangements are combined and can reduce with appropriate cyclic mapping direction
The switching frequency of MMC.According to voltage-second balance, DjnAnd djnBetween there is following relationship as shown in Table 3.Above-mentioned relation is substituted into
The mathematical model expression formula of modular multilevel rectifier as described below：
(5) the final final formula for acquiring each region in three third column of table is using obtained final argument, in each period
It is interior, with parameter RxixIt is compared.When each period starts, final parameter is less than Rxix, comparison result is by after NOT gate
Control signal as output.
Table three mixes the derivation of Cycle Control HOCC formula
(6) when final argument is equal to Rxix, output state changes, which will be continued until the end cycle, and accumulate at this time
Device is divided to assign 0 value final control signal by VLM, respectively as the control signal of each submodule.
Whole mixing Cycle Control scheme of the invention, the advantage is that：A PI controller is only needed, structure is able to letter
Change, while optimize rectification effect, greatly reduce the complexity and system cost of system control.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is modular multilevel rectifier topology structure；
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is modular multilevel rectifier equivalent model figure；
Fig. 4 is the virtual cyclic mapping relational graph of upper bridge arm；
Fig. 5 is the virtual cyclic mapping relational graph of lower bridge arm；
Fig. 6 is power grid three-phase alternating voltage (ea, eb, ec), modular multilevel rectifier input AC electric current (Ia, Ib,
Ic) and dc bus output voltage (Udc) oscillogram；
Fig. 7 is the virtual pwm control signal figure of submodule 1 '~4 ' of a phase；
Fig. 8 is the true submodule 1~4PWM control signal figures of a phases；
Fig. 9 is power grid a phase voltages ea, MMR a phase input currents Ia, MMR output DC bus-bar voltages Udc；
Figure 10 is MMR a phase middle point voltages UaWith the pwm signal of SM1；
Figure 11 is the input current that MMR during single-phase earthing SLG failures occurs for a phases；
For a phases after introducing fault tolerant mechanism MMR input currents during single-phase earthing SLG failures occur for Figure 12；
DC bus-bar voltage ripple when is a phase SLG failures occur for Figure 13.
Figure 14 is submodule (SM) topological diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is modular multilevel rectifier topology figure, and wherein SM represents submodule as shown in figure 14, and L represents each
The inductance of mutually each bridge arm, A, B are dc bus.
Traditional Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Cycle Control is theoretical as follows：
In Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Cycle Control system, if VdcFor rectifier DC side voltage, ia,ib,icFor net side three
Phase alternating current, if rectifier lower bridge arm switching tube San,Sbn,ScnDuty ratio be respectively dan、dbn、dcn, then rectifier is equivalent
Circuit is as shown in Figure 3.
Equivalent circuit according to fig. 3, rectifier exchange survey node A, B, C and are relative to the average voltage of node N：
uXn=dxpvdc
In formula：X=A, B, C, x=a, b, c.Relative to neutral point O, network voltage vectorIt is exchanged with photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter
Side voltage vectorMeet
In formula:ω0For power grid power frequency angular frequency；L surveys inductance for three-phase bridge net.It is smaller in view of net side inductance, it can be neglected
The power frequency pressure drop of inductance, then network voltage and each bridge arm duty ratio of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier meet：
The order of coefficient matrix is 2 in formula (1), therefore there is following possible solution, i.e.,
In formula, k '1It can be arbitrary constant.Since duty ratio d meets 0<d<1, it can obtain：
According to above formula it is found that ensure k '1The constant not changed for one with power grid instantaneous voltage, formula (3) must satisfy
max(ex/vdc)<min(1+ex/vdc)
Therefore k '1It must meet
In formula, EmxFor grid voltage amplitude.According to formula (4) it is found that three-phase rectifier Cycle Control system dc side voltage
Meet following relationship with voltage on line side amplitude, i.e.,
It obtains:
vdc>2Emx (5)
Under the premise of formula (5) is met, k1The midpoint of bound in retrievable (4), i.e.,
k’1=0.5
When rectifier unity power factor is run, network voltage meets following relationship with net side alternating current, i.e.,
ix=ex/Re (6)
In formula：ReFor power equivalent resistance.
Introduce current sampling resistor Rs, formula (6) is represented by
In formula, x=a, b, c, by duty ratio(8) are substituted into obtain
TsSwitch periods for IGBT；vmFor DC side error control voltage, τ is the product of integrator in Cycle Control system
Divide time constant, τ=k '1Ts。
Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Cycle Control system structure can be obtained according to formula (10).
As shown in Fig. 2, in above-mentioned traditional three-phase grid-connected inverter Cycle Control theoretical foundation, for a kind of modularization
The improved mixing one circle control method of multi-level rectifier, includes the following steps：
In outer voltage, DC voltage controls to obtain V through PImValue,
1) with reference to relevant parameter, submodule capacitance is 2200 μ F, bridge arm inductance 2mH, KpTake 0.5, KITake 10.
2) to signal Vm(- tx/ τ) is integrated, and wherein τ is the integration time constant of integrator in Cycle Control system,
As a result it is superimposed with the voltage feedback value of the negative sequence component of every phase input voltage and error controling signal, obtains final argument.
3) using obtained final argument, within each period, with parameter RxixIt is compared.When each period starts,
Final argument is less than Rxix, comparison result is by the control signal as output after NOT gate.
4) when final argument is equal to Rxix, change output state, which will be continued until the end cycle, and accumulate at this time
Device is divided to assign 0 value.Final control signal passes through VLM, respectively as the control signal of each submodule.
It is upper, the virtual cyclic mapping relationship of lower bridge arm that Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, which is respectively patterned into different displays,；Rising edge touches
The counter " CMU " of hair or " CML " (count range 0 (n-1)) with i-th or j-th true submodule adjust together VSM and
VLM between RSM.In this case, if CMU=0,1 ' -2 ' -3 '-No. 4 VSM will be mapped to that 1-2-3-4 RSM, such as
Fruit CMU=1 and, 4 ' -1 ' -2 ' -3 ' numbers VSM will be mapped to that 1-2-3-4 RSM.
In simulations, as shown in Table 1, single-phase fault occurs experiment relevant parameter for a phases during power grid 1 second, is opened in 1.3s
Fault recovery.In this case, network voltage, the input current of MMR and result such as Fig. 6 institutes of dc bus output voltage
Show.As seen from the figure, after SLG failures (t=1.3s), network voltage and the unexpected disequilibrium of MMC input currents, a phase network voltages
Drastically decline with a phases input current.As a result DC bus-bar voltage is caused second order ripple occur, as shown in Fig. 6 (c), peak-to-peak value
About 5V, this is equivalent to the 3.3% of dc bus average voltage.In contrast, there is the system of fault-tolerant ability, in relevant recovering
After action is implemented (T=1.3s), the peak-to-peak value of second order ripple is significantly reduced to 1.5V, and 1/4 before fluctuating only, it is about average
The 1% of DC bus-bar voltage.Obviously, the control strategy of proposition eliminates the second harmonic ripple of DC voltage and MMR is realized
The fault-tolerant ability of singlephase earth fault.
One simulation parameter of table
In addition, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 and providing virtual and true submodule pwm signal between 1.20s to 1.26s respectively.It can by figure
See, the virtual submodule 1 '~4 ' pwm signals of a phases are widely different, especially duty cycle signals；The PWM letters of virtual submodule 1 '~4 '
Number with virtual cyclic mapping to true submodule.From a point of cycle, signal, which is averaged, is assigned to each true submodule.
The difference of submodule switching frequency is to be limited to a certain extent.Capacitance voltage unbalance condition caused by duty ratio difference
It makes moderate progress.In addition, the virtual final switching frequency of submodule is fs/4, about 500Hz at this time.This considerably reduce equipment
Switching loss.
Fig. 9 to 13 shows corresponding experimental result.First, under conditions of grid balance to the control program of proposition into
Test is gone.Network voltage ea, a phase currents Ia, Fig. 9 bottom waveforms are MMR dc bus output voltages UdcWaveform, at this
In the case of DC voltage ripple very little, MMR a phase mid-point voltages UaIt is as shown in Figure 10 with true submodule pwm signal.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of improved mixing one circle control method in modular multilevel rectifier, it is characterised in that：In classical single-revolution
Phase control and the weber principle of equal effects on the basis of, establish the upper bridge arm and lower bridge arm of any one phase of modular multilevel rectifier
Equivalent duty ratio and each submodule work period between correspondence, modular multilevel rectifier single-phase input mutually electricity
Press Uj, j=a, b, the range of c can be divided into four region I-IV；
One VSM transfer relationships of table are analyzed
Wherein：VcThe virtual submodule VSM of four, upper arm is represented for submodule capacitor voltage, 1 ' to 4 ', and 5 ' to 8 ' represent underarm
Four virtual submodule VSM；1 represents that VSM is open-minded, and 0 represents VSM shutdowns；(1:0) represent that pulse width modulation (PWM) signal becomes from 1
Change to 0, bridge arm equivalent duty ratio d in correspondencejn, j=a, b, c, n=1~4, djnRepresent n-th of virtual submodule of jth phase
The upper bridge arm equivalent duty ratio of VSM；(0:1) represent that pwm signal changes to 1 from 0, the work period is equal to (1-djn)；
When singlephase earth fault SLG occurs for power grid, by adjusting the equivalent duty ratio of upper and lower bridge arm, DC voltage wave can be inhibited
It is dynamic, maintain the stabilization of DC bus-bar voltage；According to voltage-second balance, when being operated in four region I-IV, the equivalent duty ratio of lower bridge arm
DjnWith upper bridge arm equivalent duty ratio djnBetween be respectively present following relationship as shown in Table 2：
Two D of tablejnAnd djnRelation table
Wherein：UjnInput phase voltage, U are exchanged for rectifierdcFor dc bus output voltage, DjnRepresent n-th of void of jth phase
Intend the equivalent duty ratio of lower bridge arm of submodule VSM；
Each submodule dynamic capacity voltage can be balanced using two relationship of table and reduces insulated gate bipolar in each submodule
Above-mentioned two relationship of table is substituted into the mathematical modulo of modular multilevel rectifier as described below by the switching frequency of transistor npn npn IGBT
Type expression formula：
Obtain the final formula of each region mixing Cycle Control:
Region I：
Region II：
Region III：
Region IV：
In formula, RsIt is the inductive reactance of input current, IjFor j phase input currents；By above formula, it is empty that each region input can be obtained
Intend the control signal of cyclic mapping VLM.
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| CN111953218B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2021-08-03 | 山东大学 | Active power decoupling control method and controller for cascaded H-bridge rectifier and rectifier |
| CN112803803B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-04-22 | 中国兵器工业集团第二一四研究所苏州研发中心 | Flexible multi-state switch control method and system based on fuzzy logic PI controller |
| CN113395006B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-08-02 | 东南大学 | Modular multilevel converter loss optimization control method under voltage unbalance |
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