A kind of lithium titanate anode material and lithium titanate battery
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of lithium ion battery material, and in particular to a kind of lithium titanate anode material and lithium titanate battery.
Background technique
Commercial Li-ion batteries negative electrode material is mainly carbon-based material at present, although carbon negative pole material is at low cost, is existed
When poor safety performance, first charge-discharge efficiency low and high temperature the disadvantages of thermal runaway.Lithium titanate (the Li of spinel structure4Ti5O12) tool
There are " the zero strain effect " of constancy of volume during lithium ion is embedded in and is deviate from, the change more order of magnitude greater than carbon negative pole material
The advantages that learning diffusion coefficient, it is considered to be most have one of the negative electrode material of application prospect.However low electronic conductivity is to make at present
About Li4Ti5O12The major obstacle applied in power battery improves Li4Ti5O12Conductivity, improve Li4Ti5O12High current
Charge-discharge performance is their ability to obtain the precondition of industrial application.
In the prior art, Li4Ti5O12Modified main path has: (1) ion doping: by the incorporation of other elements, changing
Become the valence state structure of material surface, forms electron hole, improve the electric conductivity of material to improve chemical property;
CN103400976B discloses a kind of preparation method of titanium nitride cladding lithium titanate material, and high temperature solid-state method is used to go back nitrogenous
High temperature sintering is carried out under originality atmosphere to be prepared;High temperature solid-state doping is easy to cause particle agglomeration, so that material and electrolyte
Insufficient contact, ion transmission is difficult, and heavy-current discharge effect is poor;(2) Li nanosizing: can be shortened+Diffusion path, reduce Li+
Diffusional resistance, slow down electrode polarization, while the contact area of electrode active material and electrolyte can be increased, make Li+It is de-/embedding anti-
It should carry out more abundant;(3) material surface coats: by covering one layer of conductivity height, lithium ion transport speed in lithium titanate bread
Rate is fast, with the good material of compatibility of electrolyte, to improve the conductivity and cycle performance of material.In above-mentioned various modified approach,
Material surface cladding process is widely applied since covered effect is good, method is simple.
CN104393275A discloses a kind of preparation method of carbon coating lithium titanate battery material, prepares titanium source first
With lithium source dispersion liquid, lithium titanate precursor is prepared later, and the lithium titanate for being coated with carbon is prepared in carbonization in tube furnace later
Negative electrode material;Although the cycle performance of the composite material is improved, but due to the transmission rate of lithium ion in charge and discharge process
It is relatively slow, cause the gram volume aberrations in property of material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium titanate anode materials, hold to solve existing lithium titanate battery material gram
Measure the problem of performance difference.
A second object of the present invention is to provide the lithium titanate batteries for using above-mentioned lithium titanate anode material.
In order to achieve the goal above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of lithium titanate anode material, is prepared by method comprising the following steps:
1) lithium source, titanium source, carbon nanotube, additive, dispersing agent are added in solvent and are mixed, obtain precursor pulp;
The molar ratio that titanium source, the additional amount of lithium source meet Ti, Li is 3.5~4.5:5;
The additive is citric acid, soluble starch, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, poly- third
Acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol;
Carbon nanotube, the additional amount of additive be lithium source, carbon source gross mass 1%~5%;
2) precursor pulp is subjected to mist projection granulating, is sintered 1~12h at 500~800 DEG C later, obtains lithium titanate powder
Body;
3) lithium titanate powdery is soaked in conductive polymer solution, is separated, it is dry, obtain lithium titanate/conducting polymer
Composite material;
4) lithium titanate/conductive polymer composite is soaked in functional solution, is separated, it is dry to get;
Functional materials in the functional solution are melamine cyanurate, pentaerythritol phosphate melamine
Salt, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine pyrophosphate or melamine phosphate.
Lithium titanate anode material provided by the invention, the lithium titanate powdery partial size obtained using spray drying process is small, is distributed
Uniformly, the use of additive can prevent the crystal grain in spray-drying process from growing up and reunite, and prepare nanoscale material, mention
The electric conductivity of high lithium titanate anode material simultaneously reduces its expansion rate;It, can by the reasonable setting of lithium titanate kernel and covering material
To effectively improve the transmission rate of conductivity and lithium ion, and then make the negative electrode material that there is good gram volume, cycle performance
And security performance.
In step 1), the lithium source is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium metaaluminate, lithium sulfate or lithium nitrate;The titanium source is
Titanium dioxide.The solvent is N-Methyl pyrrolidone.
The dispersing agent is polyvinyl alcohol.The additional amount of polyvinyl alcohol be lithium source, carbon source gross mass 0.5~2%.
In step 2), when mist projection granulating, inlet air temperatures are 300~500 DEG C, and feed rate is 1~100ml/min, air
Flow is 100~500L/h, and leaving air temp is 100 DEG C.
In step 3), the conductive polymer solution is polyaniline solutions, polypyrrole solution or polythiophene solution.By 10g
Polyaniline, polypyrrole or polythiophene are added in the dilute hydrochloric acid of 0.1mol/L, stir evenly to get.
In step 3) and step 4), the time of immersion is 1~3h.Dry temperature is 80 DEG C.
Lithium titanate anode material provided by the invention, kernel are lithium titanate and carbon nano-tube network, can play spinelle
The advantages of lithium titanate material and the conductivity for improving kernel are successively coated with electroconductive polymer layer and function far from core surface direction
It can property substance protection layer;When the composite material is used for electrode material, lithium titanate anode material is can be improved in electroconductive polymer layer
Electric conductivity, and completely cut off kernel and electrolyte, to reduce the flatulence amount of lithium titanate anode material, functional materials protective layer
Waste heat can be absorbed when battery temperature is excessively high, which can be used as reaction entropy, spontaneously response chemical reaction,
Material surface forms protective layer, and temperature is prevented to continue to increase and improve the security performance of battery.
A kind of lithium titanate battery using above-mentioned lithium titanate anode material.The lithium titanate battery is by anode, cathode, diaphragm
It is formed with electrolyte.
Cathode is made of lithium titanate anode material, conductive agent and binder.
Preferably, SP conductive agent may be selected in conductive agent;Kynoar binder may be selected in binder.Lithium titanate anode material
Material, SP conductive agent, Kynoar binder mass ratio be 9:0.5:0.5.By lithium titanate anode material, SP conductive agent, gather
Vinylidene binder is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone and mixes, and obtains cathode slurries;Cathode slurries are coated on collector,
It is dry, cathode pole piece can be prepared.
The prior art can be used in anode, such as with ternary material LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2For positive electrode.Diaphragm can be used
celegard2400.The prior art may be selected in electrolyte, it is preferred that electrolyte is by LiPF6It is formed with non-aqueous organic solvent, LiPF6
Concentration be 1.3mol/L, non-aqueous organic solvent is the ethylene carbonate (EC) of 1:1, diethyl carbonate (DEC) group by volume ratio
At.
Lithium titanate battery provided by the invention, gram volume and first charge discharge efficiency are high, and good cycle, DC internal resistance is low, safety
Performance is good, can be used as high-performance power battery use.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the SEM of 1 gained lithium titanate anode material of the embodiment of the present invention schemes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The lithium titanate anode material of the present embodiment, is prepared using following steps:
1) by 32g titanium dioxide, 18.5g lithium carbonate, (additional amount is lithium source, carbon source gross mass to 1.52g carbon nanotube
3%), 1.52g citric acid (additional amount be lithium source, carbon source gross mass 3%) and 0.51g polyvinyl alcohol (additional amount is lithium source, carbon
The 1% of source gross mass) it is uniformly mixed and is added in 100g N-Methyl pyrrolidone and mixes, obtain precursor pulp;
2) precursor pulp is subjected to mist projection granulating, is sintered 6h at 600 DEG C later, obtains lithium titanate powdery;Wherein spray
When mist is granulated, inlet air temperatures are 400 DEG C, feed rate 50ml/min, air mass flow 300L/h, and leaving air temp is 100 DEG C;
3) lithium titanate powdery is soaked in 2h in polyaniline solutions, separated, it is dry at 80 DEG C, obtain lithium titanate/polyphenyl
Amine composite material;The polyaniline solutions are dissolved in made of the dilute hydrochloric acid of 100ml 0.1mol/L 10g polyaniline;
4) lithium titanate/polyaniline composite material is soaked in 2h in functional solution, separate, at 80 DEG C dry to get;
Functional solution is made of 9g melamine cyanurate is dissolved in the nmp solvent of 20ml.
The lithium titanate battery of the present embodiment is made of anode, cathode, diaphragm and electrolyte.Cathode by the present embodiment titanium
Sour lithium titanate cathode material, SP conductive agent and Kynoar binder composition.Lithium titanate anode material, SP conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride
The mass ratio of alkene binder is 9:0.5:0.5.It is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone and mixes after above-mentioned substance is mixed in proportion, obtain
To cathode slurries;Cathode slurries are coated on copper foil, cathode pole piece can be obtained.With ternary material LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2
For anode.Diaphragm uses celegard2400.Electrolyte is by LiPF6It is formed with non-aqueous organic solvent, LiPF6Concentration be
1.3mol/L, non-aqueous organic solvent are made of EC, DEC that volume ratio is 1:1.
Embodiment 2
The lithium titanate anode material of the present embodiment, is prepared using following steps:
1) by 28g titanium dioxide, 12g lithium hydroxide (molar ratio of Ti, Li are 3.5:5), 0.4g carbon nanotube (additional amount
For lithium source, carbon source gross mass 1%), 0.4g polyacrylamide (additional amount be lithium source, carbon source gross mass 1%) and 0.2g it is poly-
Vinyl alcohol (additional amount be lithium source, carbon source gross mass 0.5%) be uniformly mixed and be added in 50g N-Methyl pyrrolidone and mix,
Obtain precursor pulp;
2) precursor pulp is subjected to mist projection granulating, is sintered 12h at 500 DEG C later, obtains lithium titanate powdery;Wherein spray
When mist is granulated, inlet air temperatures are 300 DEG C, feed rate 1ml/min, air mass flow 100L/h, and leaving air temp is 100 DEG C;
3) lithium titanate powdery is soaked in 2h in polythiophene solution, separated, it is dry at 80 DEG C, obtain lithium titanate/poly- thiophene
Pheno composite material;The polythiophene solution is dissolved in made of the dilute hydrochloric acid of 50ml 0.1mol/L 10g polythiophene;
4) lithium titanate/polythiophene composite material is soaked in 2h in functional solution, separate, at 80 DEG C dry to get;
Functional solution is made of 8g melamine salt of pentaerythritol phosphate is dissolved in the nmp solvent of 20ml.
The lithium titanate battery of the present embodiment is made of anode, cathode, diaphragm and electrolyte.Cathode by the present embodiment titanium
Sour lithium titanate cathode material, SP conductive agent and Kynoar binder composition.Lithium titanate anode material, SP conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride
The mass ratio of alkene binder is 9:0.5:0.5.Anode, diaphragm, electrolyte are the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The lithium titanate anode material of the present embodiment, is prepared using following steps:
1) by 36g titanium dioxide, 33g lithium metaaluminate (molar ratio of Ti, Li are 4.5:5), 3.45g carbon nanotube (is added
Amount be lithium source, carbon source gross mass 5%), 3.45g methylcellulose (additional amount be lithium source, carbon source gross mass 5%) and
1.38g polyvinyl alcohol (additional amount be lithium source, carbon source gross mass 2%) be uniformly mixed be added to 200g N-Methyl pyrrolidone
Middle mixing, obtains precursor pulp;
2) precursor pulp is subjected to mist projection granulating, is sintered 1h at 800 DEG C later, obtains lithium titanate powdery;Wherein spray
When mist is granulated, inlet air temperatures are 500 DEG C, feed rate 100ml/min, air mass flow 500L/h, leaving air temp 100
℃;
3) lithium titanate powdery is soaked in 2h in polypyrrole solution, separated, it is dry at 80 DEG C, obtain lithium titanate/poly- pyrrole
Cough up composite material;The polypyrrole solution is dissolved in made of the dilute hydrochloric acid of 200ml 0.1mol/L 10g polyaniline;
4) lithium titanate/Pt/Polypyrrole composite material is soaked in 2h in functional solution, separate, at 80 DEG C dry to get;
Functional solution is made of 9g ammonium polyphosphate is dissolved in the nmp solvent of 20ml.
The lithium titanate battery of the present embodiment is made of anode, cathode, diaphragm and electrolyte.Cathode by the present embodiment titanium
Sour lithium titanate cathode material, SP conductive agent and Kynoar binder composition.Lithium titanate anode material, SP conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride
The mass ratio of alkene binder is 9:0.5:0.5;Anode, diaphragm, electrolyte are the same as embodiment 1.
In other embodiments of the invention, soluble starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose may be selected in additive
Element, polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol;Lithium sulfate or lithium nitrate may be selected in lithium source;Melamine pyrophosphoric may be selected in functional materials
Salt or melamine phosphate can prepare corresponding lithium titanate anode material according to the technological parameter and proportion of embodiment 1.
Comparative example
The lithium titanate anode material of comparative example, is prepared using following methods:
1) by 54g titanium dioxide and 46g lithium carbonate, 3g carbon nanotube, 3g citric acid and 1g polyvinyl alcohol uniformly add
It is added in the N-Methyl pyrrolidone of 100g and is prepared into slurry, react at 200 DEG C and generate lithium titanate, powder is obtained by filtration;
2) powder is added in the glucose solution (containing glucose 30g) of 200g, stirs 2h, separation, in tube furnace
It is carbonized at 230 DEG C, obtains to surface and be coated with the lithium carbonate composite material of carbon-coating.
Test example 1
Appearance shape of this test example to the resulting lithium titanate/polyaniline/melamine cyanurate composite material of the present invention
Looks are observed, as a result as shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 is that the SEM of 1 gained lithium titanate anode material of embodiment schemes, as seen from the figure,
Lithium titanate anode material presentation is spherical, and size is uniform, even particle distribution.
Test example 2
The present embodiment detects the discharge capacity for the first time and first charge discharge efficiency of lithium titanate anode material obtained by Examples 1 to 3, as a result
As shown in table 1.When test, with embodiment 1, difference is only that the metatitanic acid prepared using comparative example for the preparation of comparative example negative electrode material
Lithium titanate cathode material;By negative electrode slurry be coated on copper foil on diaphragm is made, then using lithium piece as cathode, celegard2400 be every
Film;Electrolyte is by LiPF6It is formed with non-aqueous organic solvent, LiPF6Concentration be 1.3mol/L, non-aqueous organic solvent is by volume ratio
It is formed for EC, DEC of 1:1.It is assembled into button cell in the glove box that oxygen and water content are below 0.1ppm, later will
Button cell is attached on blue electric tester, and with the rate charge-discharge of 0.1C, voltage range is 1.0V~2.8V, recycles 3 Zhou Houting
Only, the test result of discharge capacity and first charge discharge efficiency is as shown in table 1 for the first time.
The button cell performance of each embodiment and comparative example of table 1 compares
As shown in Table 1, the lithium titanate anode material that prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1~3 is imitated in gram volume and for the first time
Obviously due to comparative example in terms of rate, the reason for this is that the surface coated electroconductive polymer layer stable structure of lithium titanate, conductivity is high;
The functional materials protective layer of outer layer simultaneously absorbs waste heat and spontaneously rings as reaction entropy when battery temperature is excessively high
It should chemically react, to improve its first charge discharge efficiency.
Test example 3
This test example detects the cycle performance of the soft-package battery of the lithium titanate anode material preparation of each embodiment and comparative example
And security performance.Using the lithium titanate anode material of each embodiment and comparative example as cathode, with ternary material LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/ 3O2For anode.Diaphragm uses celegard2400.Electrolyte is by LiPF6It is formed with non-aqueous organic solvent, LiPF6Concentration be
1.3mol/L, non-aqueous organic solvent are made of EC, DEC that volume ratio is 1:1;7Ah soft-package battery is assembled by the prior art.It surveys
It when examination, is charged with 0.1C multiplying power, the gas generated in charging process is discharged, then with 0.1C's in constant-current charge to 3.2V
Multiplying power discharging the gas generated in battery charge and discharge process is discharged to get to lithium titanate electricity after charge and discharge cycles 2 times to 1.0V
Pond.
Cycle performance test: being 1.5~2.8V in charging/discharging voltage, temperature is 25 ± 3.0 DEG C, and charge-discharge magnification is
Cycle performance test is carried out under the multiplying power of 1.0C/1.0C, the results are shown in Table 2.
The cycle performance test result of the lithium titanate battery of each embodiment and comparative example of table 2
By the test result of table 2 it is found that the embodiment of the present invention preparation lithium titanate battery circulation each step cycle
Performance is better than comparative example, the reason for this is that in the lithium titanate anode material of each embodiment, the presence of outer layer functional materials,
When battery temperature is excessively high, waste heat can be absorbed, prevent local temperature excessively high, while as reaction entropy, improving inside battery
Heat distribution balance, and improve its cycle performance.
Security performance test: D.C. resistance test is carried out to the lithium titanate battery of each embodiment and comparative example and needle pierces short circuit
Test is to verify its security performance;Wherein, DC internal resistance test method referring to as defined in " FreedomCAR battery testing handbook "
It carries out, needle pierces short-circuit test method referring to as defined in UL2054 safety standard testing standard, and the results are shown in Table 3.
The lithium titanate battery DC internal resistance and safety loading coefficient of each embodiment and comparative example of table 3 compare
Project |
DC internal resistance (m Ω) |
Safety loading coefficient |
Embodiment 1 |
4.27 |
9/10 |
Embodiment 2 |
4.29 |
8/10 |
Embodiment 3 |
4.35 |
8/10 |
Comparative example |
6.89 |
4/10 |
By the test result of table 3 it is found that the security performance of embodiment is obviously due to comparative example, the lithium titanate anode of embodiment
The presence of material China and foreign countries layer function substance can effectively prevent electrolyte decomposition caused by due to inside battery local temperature is excessively high
Or diaphragm fusing, to improve security performance.