CN106127694B - Adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation method of uneven illumination image enhancement - Google Patents
Adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation method of uneven illumination image enhancement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation method of uneven illumination image enhancement, it is characterised in that include the following steps：Step 1：The image of Input illumination unevenness, and transformation is standardized to the image；Step 2：The average brightness AL of image after normalized transformation, and two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation is carried out to the image according to the value of AL：If AL<127.5, then reversed guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation is first carried out, then carry out positive guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation；Otherwise, then positive guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation is first carried out, then carries out reversely protecting bandwidth logarithmic transformation；Step 3：Rounding converts；Step 4：Export image.It is characteristic of the invention that:Have the advantages that enhance dark space contrast and clear zone contrast, enhancing effect is apparent, and background retains well, entirely without halation phenomenon, picture quality is made to obtain whole enhancing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital image processing fields, are related to a kind of quality enhancement method to uneven illumination image.
Background technology
Since human vision reduces the contrast sensitivity of too high or too low luminance picture, so needing to excessively dark or mistake
Bright image (or region) carries out contrast enhancing, to perceive its details.And the image of uneven illumination, existing highlight bar of crossing have again
Too low dark space, general method effect is bad, and some there is also halation phenomenon.
Currently, enhancing picture quality using to counting method, it has been widely used and has ground in image procossing every field
Study carefully.In publication, such as：Keep the defogging method (application number of color：CN101754032A), a kind of reduction synthetic aperture thunder
Up to the method (application number of smudges noise：CN101398487A), a kind of self-adapting enhancement method of underwater degraded image
(CN104766285A), etc..These methods are all using unidirectional (forward direction) logarithmic transformation as image pre-processing method, in conjunction with
Defogging, denoising go the other methods such as water for image enhancement, and computational methods are complicated, and processing time is long, can enhance non-primary image
Contained in information.
In the document delivered, the document for being related to image log transformation is more, mainly there is LIP (logarithmic
Image processing) family's (it is basic various modifications and improvement to refer to LIP) method and RETINEX families (refer to
RETINEX is basic various modifications and improvement) method.The unidirectional logarithmic transformation that these methods also only carry out, can only pull open
Distance between the spectral line of gray/color spectrum (or being histogram) low side (dark space), thus image low side (dark space) can only be improved
Contrast, achieve the purpose that picture superposition.Meanwhile they also include the calculating of two image subtractions, it is possible to create negative
Data, destroy the positive definite feature of image, and not existing additional information may be introduced into source images, destroy fidelity
Property, cause composition to be distorted.
Therefore, what is used at present carries out counting method the defect of image enhancement is without reference to how improving in high-end (clear zone)
Contrast, and do not increase information contained in artwork (emphasizing fidelity).
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of adaptive two-way guarantor's bands that the visual quality of images for uneven illumination enhances
Wide logarithmic transformation method, can not only improve the contrast of dark space, moreover it is possible to and the contrast for improving clear zone does not generate halation phenomenon,
Achieve the effect that preferably and does not increase image information image enhancement.
To achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth pair of uneven illumination image enhancement
Transformation of variables method, key are to include the following steps：
Step 1：The image of Input illumination unevenness, and transformation is standardized to the image, scheme after obtaining standardized transformation
Picture；
The method of standardized transformation referring to《The generation method of standardized images》(publication number：CN102800062A).Standard
After changing transformation, image becomes the image with full bandwidth characteristic.This is the basis that the present invention is implemented.
Step 2：The average brightness AL of image after normalized transformation, and two-way guarantor is carried out to the image according to the value of AL
Bandwidth logarithmic transformation：
Average brightness AL is the auto-adaptive parameter of the present invention, different and different with image, need not manually be set.
Two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation protects bandwidth logarithmic transformation by forward direction and reversed bandwidth logarithmic transformation of protecting forms,
The truth of a matter of the logarithmic transformation is 1.02198395689；
If AL<127.5, then reversed guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation is first carried out, then carry out positive guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation；
Otherwise, then positive guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation is first carried out, then carries out reversely protecting bandwidth logarithmic transformation；
Step 3：Rounding transformation is carried out to the image after two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation；
After image carries out two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation, the gray/color value of image becomes real number, and it is aobvious cannot to meet image
The requirement shown, it is therefore desirable to carry out rounding transformation, the gray/color value of image is become into integer.Rounding transformation is using four houses five
The mode entered.
Step 4：Export image.
The positive bandwidth logarithmic transformation of protecting carries out in the following manner：
Step 1：The image f (x, y) that need to be converted is carried out moving to right transformation, obtains moving to right the image F (x, y) after transformation；
It is described move to right transformation carry out as the following formula：
F (x, y)=SHIFTR1 [f (x, y)]=f (x, y)+1
Wherein, SHIFTR1 [] indicates to move to right 1 displacement operator along x-axis；F (x, y), f (x, y) are INTEGER MATRICES；f
The codomain of element, which is the codomain of element in 0~255, F (x, y), in (x, y) becomes 1~256；
Step 2：The image F (x, y) after converting will be moved to right and carry out positive logarithmic transformation, after obtaining positive logarithmic transformation
Image
The forward direction logarithmic transformation carries out as the following formula：
Wherein, LOGa[] expression takes using a as the operator of the logarithm at bottom；It is real number matrix；A=
1.02198395689。
Reversed guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation carries out in the following manner：
Step 1：Benefit transformation is carried out to the image f (x, y) that need to be converted, obtains complement as Ψ (x, y)；
The benefit transformation carries out as the following formula：
Ψ (x, y)=255-f (x, y)
Wherein, Ψ (x, y), f (x, y) are INTEGER MATRICES, and the codomain of element is 0~255 in two INTEGER MATRICESs；
Step 2：To complement as Ψ (x, y) carries out moving to right transformation, obtain moving to right the image F1 (x, y) after transformation；
It is described move to right transformation carry out as the following formula：
F1 (x, y)=SHIFTR1 [Ψ (x, y)]=Ψ (x, y)+1
Wherein, SHIFTR1 [] indicates to move to right 1 displacement operator along x-axis；F1 (x, y) is INTEGER MATRICES, the value of element
Domain becomes 1~256；
Step 3：The image F1 (x, y) after converting will be moved to right and carry out positive logarithmic transformation, after obtaining positive logarithmic transformation
Image
The forward direction logarithmic transformation carries out as the following formula：
Wherein, LOGa[] expression takes using a as the operator of the logarithm at bottom；It is real number matrix；A=
1.02198395689；
Step 4 is rightBenefit transformation is carried out by step 1, obtains positive image.
The positive image is for complement picture.Without the image for mending transformation, it is believed that be positive image, to complement picture
Benefit transformation is carried out again, and what is obtained is also positive image.
The gray/color of the pixel of general digital picture is in 0~255 value (so-called 8 systems), 0 logarithmic table
Show uncertainty, so needing to carry out moving to right transformation to gradation of image/coloration spectrum before doing logarithmic transformation, to eliminate logarithmic transformation
It is uncertain.After moving to right transformation, the value range of the gray/color value of image becomes 1~256 from 0~255.
It is known as positive logarithmic transformation along the positive logarithmic transformation of x-axis.Positive logarithmic transformation has increase gray/color spectrum low
Hold the function of (dark picture areas) contrast.
It is known as reversed logarithmic transformation along the logarithmic transformation of the negative sense of x-axis.Reversed logarithmic transformation, which has, increases gray/color spectrum height
Hold the function of (image clear zone) contrast.Since the positive logarithmic transformation of complement picture is equivalent to the reversed logarithmic transformation of original image,
Therefore, the reversed logarithmic transformation of image can be realized with the positive logarithmic transformation of its complement picture, high-end to improve gray/color spectrum
The contrast in (image clear zone).
The bandwidth of the gray/color spectrum of image after logarithmic transformation changes with the change of logarithm truth of a matter a.Making logarithmic transformation
When, truth of a matter a=1.02198395689 is taken, is to realize the determinant for protecting bandwidth.
When following table gives a value differences, M=Loga256 and bandwidth Different Results：
As can be seen from the above table, a=1.02198395689 is a special logarithm truth of a matter, moves to right image after transformation
After the logarithmic transformation bottom of as, low side contrast is promoted, and has been automatically generated and has been moved to left one operation, gray/color spectrum is also
Original is wide by 0~255 at original tape.
Image using a=1.02198395689 as the special logarithmic transformation at bottom, referred to as protect bandwidth logarithmic transformation.Holding 0~
255 maximum bandwidth provides for the possibility with maximum-contrast.
The present invention remarkable result be：It calculated using standardized transformation, average brightness, move to right transformation, become by positive logarithm
The guarantor's bandwidth transformation these types side for changing the two-way logarithmic transformation formed with reversed logarithmic transformation, being realized by the truth of a matter of selection logarithm
Method has carried out good humidification to the image of uneven illumination.This method not only has enhancing dark space contrast and clear zone pair
The advantages of than spending, enhancing effect is apparent, and background retains well, entirely without halation phenomenon, picture quality is made to obtain whole increasing
By force.
Description of the drawings
The flow chart of Fig. 1 present invention；
Fig. 2 (a-1), (b-1), (c-1) are the source images in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 (a-2), (b-2), (c-2) are Fig. 2 (a-1), (b-1), the adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithm of (c-1) warp respectively
Image after transform method transformation；
Fig. 2 (a-3), (b-3), (c-3) be Fig. 2 (a-1), (b-1), (c-1) through Zadeh-X (see Chinese invention patent《Bottom
Tomographic image obtains best quality image method in excavating》, publication number:CN101419707) the enhanced image of method.
Specific implementation mode
Invention is further described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1：Flow as shown in Figure 1：A kind of adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithm change of uneven illumination image enhancement
Method is changed, is included the following steps：
Step 1：The image of Input illumination unevenness, and transformation is standardized to the image, scheme after obtaining standardized transformation
Picture；
The method of standardized transformation referring to《The generation method of standardized images》(publication number：CN102800062A).
Step 2：The average brightness AL of image after normalized transformation, and two-way guarantor is carried out to the image according to the value of AL
Bandwidth logarithmic transformation：
Average brightness AL is the auto-adaptive parameter of the present invention；
Two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation protects bandwidth logarithmic transformation by forward direction and reversed bandwidth logarithmic transformation of protecting forms,
The truth of a matter of the logarithmic transformation is 1.02198395689；
If AL<127.5, then reversed guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation is first carried out, then carry out positive guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation；
Otherwise, then positive guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation is first carried out, then carries out reversely protecting bandwidth logarithmic transformation.
The positive bandwidth logarithmic transformation of protecting carries out in the following manner：
Step 1：The image f (x, y) that need to be converted is carried out moving to right transformation, obtains moving to right the image F (x, y) after transformation；
It is described move to right transformation carry out as the following formula：
F (x, y)=SHIFTR1 [f (x, y)]=f (x, y)+1
Wherein, SHIFTR1 [] indicates to move to right 1 displacement operator along x-axis；F (x, y), f (x, y) are INTEGER MATRICES；f
The codomain of element, which is the codomain of element in 0~255, F (x, y), in (x, y) becomes 1~256；
Step 2：The image F (x, y) after converting will be moved to right and carry out positive logarithmic transformation, after obtaining positive logarithmic transformation
Image
The forward direction logarithmic transformation carries out as the following formula：
Wherein, LOGa[] expression takes using a as the operator of the logarithm at bottom；It is real number matrix；A=
1.02198395689。
Reversed guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation carries out in the following manner：
Step 1：Benefit transformation is carried out to the image f (x, y) that need to be converted, obtains complement as Ψ (x, y)；
The benefit transformation carries out as the following formula：
Ψ (x, y)=255-f (x, y)
Wherein, Ψ (x, y), f (x, y) are INTEGER MATRICES, and the codomain of element is 0~255 in two INTEGER MATRICESs；
Step 2：To complement as Ψ (x, y) carries out moving to right transformation, obtain moving to right the image F1 (x, y) after transformation；
It is described move to right transformation carry out as the following formula：
F1 (x, y)=SHIFTR1 [Ψ (x, y)]=Ψ (x, y)+1
Wherein, SHIFTR1 [] indicates to move to right 1 displacement operator along x-axis；F1 (x, y) is INTEGER MATRICES, the value of element
Domain becomes 1~256；
Step 3：The image F1 (x, y) after converting will be moved to right and carry out positive logarithmic transformation, after obtaining positive logarithmic transformation
Image
The forward direction logarithmic transformation carries out as the following formula：
Wherein, LOGa[] expression takes using a as the operator of the logarithm at bottom；It is real number matrix；A=
1.02198395689；
Step 4 is rightBenefit transformation is carried out by step 1, obtains positive image.
The positive image is for complement picture (or being negative image, negative-appearing image, negative film).Without the figure for mending transformation
Picture, it is believed that be positive image, benefit transformation is carried out again to complement picture, what is obtained is also positive image.
Step 3：Rounding transformation is carried out to the image after two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation；Rounding transformation use rounds up
Mode.
Step 4：Export image.
Following table lists figure (a-1), (b-1), (c-1) and the adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation method of their warps and becomes
Change rear image (a-2), (b-2), (c-2) average information entropy AIE, average contrast AC, average brightness AL, image quality evaluation letter
Number CAF, the calculating of the above parameter may refer to patent of invention《Color image quality evaluation method》(publication number：
CN101650833B)：
| Image Name | AL | AC | AIE | CAF |
| Scheme (a-1) | 20.9768 | 1.4426 | 5.2593 | 2.2911 |
| Scheme (a-2) | 125.0448 | 2.7961 | 5.0680 | 9.4114 |
| Scheme (b-1) | 55.4095 | 2.3309 | 6.1054 | 9.6815 |
| Scheme (b-2) | 106.4465 | 3.3353 | 5.8744 | 11.9728 |
| Scheme (c-1) | 198.2702 | 3.9892 | 5.8298 | 15.6336 |
| Scheme (c-2) | 138.4668 | 4.6323 | 5.2832 | 16.7722 |
It can be seen that, source images (a-1), the average brightness AL of (b-1) are equal from upper table<127.5, therefore using first reversed
Positive guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation afterwards.After transformation, (AIE) drops in two liters of (AC, AL) one of basic parameter.Visual quality of images enhances,
The inverse process of natural process (deteriroation of image quality, such as noise pollution, obscure, AIE is made to increase), AIE should reduce and cannot
Increase.Visual quality of images evaluation parameter (CAF) increases, and total visual quality is prompted to increase.
It can also be seen that having halation phenomenon (figure (a-3) You Ming using the enhanced image of Zadeh-X methods from Fig. 2
It is aobvious), dark space enhancing is insufficient, and background disappears (figure (b-3) is outstanding apparent).Scheme after adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation method transformation
Obviously as (figure (a-2) and figure (b-2)) dark space contrast and brightness enhancing, background retains good, whole entirely without halation phenomenon
Picture quality is remarkably reinforced.
As shown above, the average brightness AL of source images (c-1)>127.5, belong to high brightness (AL=198.2702) illumination
Uneven image.Therefore it needs using first astern reversed guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation, after transformation, the information of image is to reduce
(comentropy reduces to 5.2832 of image after adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation method converts from the 5.8298 of source images),
Because this is inverse natural process.Transformation results visual quality of images evaluation parameter (CAF) increases (15.6336/16.7722), carries
Show that total visual quality increases.Brightness is to reduce (198.2702/138.4668), levels off to ideal value 127.5.
Image shown in Fig. 2 (c-3) has apparent halation phenomenon, and clear zone enhancing is insufficient, and contrast is low.Fig. 2 (c-2) is obviously carried on the back
Scape contrast enhances, entirely without halation phenomenon, overall image quality enhancing.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of adaptive two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation method of uneven illumination image enhancement, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1：The image of Input illumination unevenness, and transformation is standardized to the image, obtain image after standardized transformation；
Step 2：The average brightness AL of image after normalized transformation, and two-way guarantor's bandwidth is carried out to the image according to the value of AL
Logarithmic transformation：
Two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation protects bandwidth logarithmic transformation by forward direction and reversed bandwidth logarithmic transformation of protecting forms, described
The truth of a matter of logarithmic transformation is 1.02198395689；
If AL<127.5, then reversed guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation is first carried out, then carry out positive guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation；
Otherwise, then positive guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation is first carried out, then carries out reversely protecting bandwidth logarithmic transformation；
Step 3：Rounding transformation is carried out to the image after two-way guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation；
Step 4：Export image；
The positive bandwidth logarithmic transformation of protecting carries out in the following manner：
Step 1 one：The image f (x, y) that need to be converted is carried out moving to right transformation, obtains moving to right the image F (x, y) after transformation；
It is described move to right transformation carry out as the following formula：
F (x, y)=SHIFTR1 [f (x, y)]
Wherein, SHIFTR1 [] indicates to move to right 1 displacement operator along x-axis；F (x, y), f (x, y) are INTEGER MATRICES；f(x,y)
The codomain of middle element, which is the codomain of element in 0~255, F (x, y), becomes 1~256；
Step 2 two：The image F (x, y) after converting will be moved to right and carry out positive logarithmic transformation, obtain the figure after positive logarithmic transformation
Picture
The forward direction logarithmic transformation carries out as the following formula：
Wherein, LOGa[] expression takes using a as the operator of the logarithm at bottom；It is real number matrix；A=
1.02198395689；
Reversed guarantor's bandwidth logarithmic transformation carries out in the following manner：
Step 1：Benefit transformation is carried out to the image f (x, y) that need to be converted, obtains complement as Ψ (x, y)；
The benefit transformation carries out as the following formula：
Ψ (x, y)=255-f (x, y)
Wherein, Ψ (x, y), f (x, y) are INTEGER MATRICES, and the codomain of element is 0~255 in two INTEGER MATRICESs；
Step 2：To complement as Ψ (x, y) carries out moving to right transformation, obtain moving to right the image F1 (x, y) after transformation；
It is described move to right transformation carry out as the following formula：
F1 (x, y)=SHIFTR1 [Ψ (x, y)]
Wherein, SHIFTR1 [] indicates to move to right 1 displacement operator along x-axis；F1 (x, y) is INTEGER MATRICES, and the codomain of element becomes
It is 1~256；
Step 3：The image F1 (x, y) after converting will be moved to right and carry out positive logarithmic transformation, obtain the image after positive logarithmic transformation
The forward direction logarithmic transformation carries out as the following formula：
Wherein, LOGa[] expression takes using a as the operator of the logarithm at bottom；It is real number matrix；A=
1.02198395689；
Step 4 is rightBenefit transformation is carried out by step 1, obtains positive image.
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