CN106109060A - 用于执行模块化髋关节假体修正术的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于执行模块化髋关节假体修正术的系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106109060A
CN106109060A CN201610756808.1A CN201610756808A CN106109060A CN 106109060 A CN106109060 A CN 106109060A CN 201610756808 A CN201610756808 A CN 201610756808A CN 106109060 A CN106109060 A CN 106109060A
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China
Prior art keywords
dry
cervical region
far
hip joint
major axis
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A.W.伯金
R.D.兰伯特
D.C.克尔曼
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Smith and Nephew Inc
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Smith and Nephew Richards Inc
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract

髋关节修正植入物包括干、套筒和颈部。干的近端IM部分和远端IM部分大致沿干的长轴对准。干的主体部分朝近端取向,以及具有大致从干的长轴径向向外延伸出的表面。套筒构造成容纳在干的远端髓内管部分的上方,并进一步具有构造成与近端髓内管部分朝远端延伸的锥形表面配合的内表面。颈部构造成容纳在干的主体部分内。干的主体部分具有构造成与颈部的颈部锥形部分配合的颈部容纳表面。颈部锥形部分相对于长轴以一定的角度取向。

Description

用于执行模块化髋关节假体修正术的系统和方法
分案申请
本申请为分案申请。原申请的申请号为200980107727.7,申请日为2009年3月3日,发明名称为“用于执行模块化髋关节假体修正术的系统和方法”。
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2008年3月3日提交的美国临时专利申请No. 61/033,213的权益。该申请的全文结合于此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明总体涉及用于植入髋关节修正假体的系统和方法,更具体地,涉及用于植入模块化髋关节修正假体的系统和方法。
发明内容
由于考虑到上述问题而提出本发明。
髋关节修正植入物的实施例包括干、套筒和颈部。所述干具有主体部分、近端髓腔内部分和远端髓腔内部分。近端髓腔内部分和远端髓腔内部分通常沿干的长轴对齐。主体部分相对于近端髓腔内部分朝近端取向,以及进一步具有通常从干的长轴径向向外延伸出的表面。近端髓腔内部分具有朝远端延伸的锥形表面。套筒构造成容纳在干的远端髓腔内部分上,以及进一步具有构造成与近端髓腔内部分朝远端延伸的锥形表面配合的内表面。颈部构造成容纳在干的主体部分内。干的主体部分具有构造成与颈部的颈部锥形部分配合的颈部容纳表面。颈部锥形部分相对于长轴以一定的角度取向。
根据本发明的另一实施例,干的远端髓内部分进一步包括沿着干的长度延伸的凹槽(flutes)。
在髋关节修正植入物的另一实施例中,套筒进一步包括圆锥形部分和圆柱形部分。圆锥形部分靠近干主体取向,圆柱形部分远离圆锥形部分向远端延伸。
替代地,干主体部分上的通常从干长轴径向向外延伸出的表面可构造成搁置到骨切口上。
在另一个实施例中,套筒构造成远离干长轴不对称地延伸。
根据另一实施例,颈部沿着第一轴线容纳在干上。头部沿着第二轴线容纳在颈部上,第一和第二轴线彼此平行。
本发明的进一步特征、方面和优势以及本发明的各个实施例的结构和操作参照附图在下面进行详细描述。
附图说明
结合到说明书中并作为说明书组成部分的附图解释说明了本发明的实施例,以及与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。附图中:
图1是一套髋关节修正植入物的一个实施例的视图,该套髋关节修正植入物包括一组干、一组套筒以及一组颈部;
图2是根据本发明一方面的髋部植入物一个实施例的分解视图;
图3是根据本发明一方面的髋关节修正植入物的一个实施例的视图;
图4是根据本发明一方面的带有远端制备工具的股骨的剖面图;
图5是根据本发明一方面的带有附加的试验工具(trialing instrumentation)的股骨的剖面图;
图6是根据本发明一方面的带有附加的试验工具的股骨的剖面图;
图7是根据本发明一方面的带有近端制备工具的股骨的剖面图;
图8是带有髋关节植入物部分和植入工具部分的股骨的剖面图;以及
图9至图11是根据本发明一方面的带有髋关节植入物部分和髋关节工具部分的股骨的剖面图。
具体实施方式
参照附图,其中相同的附图标记指代相同部件,图1示出包括一组干10、一组套筒20以及一组颈部30的一套髋关节修正植入物的实施例的视图。该套髋关节修正植入物包括三件式的模块化植入物系统,该系统允许医师满足不同的患者需求。该套髋关节修正植入物可在修正髋关节成形术中使用,这里由于下述情况导致其它治疗或装置不能修复受损的髋关节:因创伤或非炎症的退化性关节疾病(NIDJD)或下述的任意组合症状:骨关节炎、缺血性坏死、创伤性关节炎、骨垢滑脱、强直髋关节、骨盆骨折以及畸形病变。
模块化的髋关节部件还可以是治疗非炎症的退化性关节疾病所需的,包括风湿性关节炎、各种疾病的继发性关节炎以及畸形和先天性发育异常。其它治疗需求包括长期处于无排出阶段的陈旧性、远端骨髓炎(remote osteomyelitis),在该情况下,应警告患者注意出现上述的手术后感染的常态危险(normal danger)。这种模块化的修正系统还可用于治疗利用其它技术不能处理的未愈合的股骨颈部骨折以及含股骨头近端股骨的股骨转子骨折,上述技术包括内用假体、股骨截骨术或格德尔斯通(Girdlestone)切除术、髋关节的骨折脱臼以及畸形修正术。三件式的植入物系统可提供远端固定和辅助近端支撑,同时允许医师在手术中的灵活性以便获得对于患者的最佳适配。更好的固定和适配可提供更好的植入物稳定性以及相应的效果。
对于全髋关节修正成形术而言,手术前的设计应该需要一套标准的X射线照片,其包括骨盆的前后(A-P)X射线照片以及受影响髋关节的外侧向X射线照片。取决于现有的股骨部件的长度,可能还会需要一些附加的X射线照片。具体的,A-P和外侧向的X射线照片应该包括整个的股骨部件。有时可能会需要整个股骨的全长A-P X射线照片。作为手术前诊断(work-up)的一部分,医师会考虑其它的成像形式,诸如骨扫描以及计算机化X射线分层造影(CT)。但是,这些都不是手术前制模(templating)所典型必需的。确定适合于股骨修正的合适等级,例如,Paprosky Revision Classification。这将有助于确定患者所需要的修正干的合适位置和尺寸。按照初级THA手术前设计,建立合适的腿部长度需要评估大量的临床和X射线照片参数。建立合适的参考线需要利用泪状物的下部之间的水平线以及位于闭孔和坐骨结节下缘之间的水平线。由于在修正情况中的解剖学通常失真,有必要使用全部的三条参考线。
类似的,由于在股骨侧的骨缺陷,必须利用解剖学标记的组合,诸如较大股骨转子的上缘和较小股骨转子的下缘的组合。显然,这些需要利用A-P X射线照片与对侧中的类似点进行比较。基于X射线照片和临床评估,还必须考虑任何的骨盆倾斜度和/或脊骨的变形程度。有必要考虑所有相关因素以便成功恢复患者正确的腿部长度。
根据本发明一方面的髋关节修正植入物通常包括干12,14或16;套筒22,24或26;以及颈部32,34或36。干可从该组干10中选择,类似的,套筒和颈部可分别从该组套筒20和该组颈部30中选择。
干12,14或16可以是具有远端髓内部分40、近端部分42以及近端髓内部分44的锥形干。远端部分40可包括朝远端定位以助于将植入物固定到骨干上的凹槽48。干的远端部分40的直径和长度可根据患者的需求而变化。近端部分42包括具有远端平坦表面52和颈部接触表面54的主体。远端平坦表面52可取向成搁置到股骨的切割部分上。颈部接触表面54可构造成容纳颈部。干的近端髓内部分44包括套筒配合表面50。套筒配合表面50容纳该组套筒20的其中之一。
系统中的套筒20用于给远端的固定提供辅助的近端支撑以及增强植入物的稳定性。套筒可以是锥形套筒且可被涂覆,诸如用Smith & Nephew's STIKTTTETM 涂层进行涂覆然后用羟磷灰石(HA)涂覆。套筒20可包括内部配合表面60、近端部分62、远端部分64、圆锥形部分66和圆柱形部分68。通常,套筒的近端部分62大于远端部分64。
不同的套筒22,24和26可具有在套筒的不同部分之间的不同关系。例如,第一套筒可具有较细的内部配合表面60(适用于较小直径的干部分),但是可具有较粗的圆锥形部分66,从而使得套筒更粗。可选的,圆锥形部分和圆柱形部分也可是单一的一部分,单一部分为圆柱形或圆锥形均可。基于患者的骨来选择套筒的形状和特征。在需要较粗套筒以便确保近端固定的地方,可使用较粗的套筒。在套筒需要更大锥度的地方,可使用具有相对于近端部分64更粗的近端部分62的套筒。
可选的,不同的套筒可以是不对称的。这种套筒可相对于干的长轴更加朝向内侧、更加朝向前侧、更加朝向外侧、或更加朝向后侧延伸。这种套筒允许医师在IM管道内对额外的不对称骨缺陷作出设计。
用于模块化的干的颈部32,34和36可以是模块化的,并可以有多个偏差、腿长以及样式选项。例如,偏差和腿长可包括标准偏差、大偏差以及大偏差+10mm。样式可包括左前倾和右前倾。这允许医师精确调整偏差、长度以及样式,从而获得适于每位患者的适配性和功能。
为了实现颈部中的不同选项,颈部包括干配合部分80、颈部延伸部分82以及头部配合部分84。干的锥形部分88用于将颈部连接到干。颈部的远端90插入到颈部配合表面54内。头部锥形部分94与颈部的近端部分96对准。近端部分96限定颈部的最近端部分,其用于帮助确定偏差、腿长以及样式。头部锥形部分94将颈部连接到股骨头,从而相对于髋臼设定假体的偏差、样式和长度。
每一颈部优选由钴铬制成,并且包括圆梯形(circulotrapezoidal)颈部设计以便增加运动范围。颈部的12/14锥度接受可兼容的头部。颈部的几何构型可改变以便获得不同的植入物构造。在标准的和大的偏差中可以得到居中的颈部(居中的前倾为0°)。标准的居中颈部可具有131°的颈部轴倾角。大偏差的居中颈部当以内翻取向插入时具有125°的颈部轴倾角,而以外翻取向插入时具有137°的颈部轴倾角。当以内翻取向插入时,左前倾颈部可使得股骨头相对于左髋关节上的干向前偏移10度以及相对于右髋关节上的干向后偏移10度。右前倾的颈部可基于手术的腿部以等效的方式偏移股骨头中心。前倾的颈部在一种偏差选项中是可获得的,例如比标准偏差颈部大6mm,并且当以内翻取向插入时前倾颈部可产生125°的颈部轴倾角,而以外翻取向插入时前倾颈部可产生137°的颈部轴倾角。大偏差+10mm的颈部可具有类似于大偏差颈部的颈部轴倾角以及附加的10mm高度。
为了帮助颈部的正确取向,在大偏差以及前倾的颈部植入物以及塑料的颈部试验部上会设置有标记,诸如在颈部轴颈(颈部近端部分96)顶部上的激光蚀刻。这种标记可以是箭头或其它标志,这样当颈部插入到位于颈部配合表面上的凹穴中时,如果颈部轴倾角是内翻的,颈部顶部上的箭头相对于患者的股骨指向上方,产生125°的颈部轴倾角,如果颈部轴倾角是外翻的,颈部顶部上的箭头相对于患者的股骨指向下方,产生137°的颈部轴倾角。为了减少在操作中将左前倾和右前倾颈部的混淆,颈部轴颈顶部对左前倾的就用激光蚀刻上“L”以及对右前倾的就用激光蚀刻上“R”。此外,为了说明颈部特征或颈部取向,可在前倾的颈部植入物包装和相应的试验颈部上设置颜色编码。
现在参照图2和图3,图2是根据本发明一方面的髋关节植入物的实施例的分解视图以及图3是根据本发明一方面的髋关节修正植入物的实施例的视图。套筒26容纳在干14远端的上方。套筒26在近端沿着干与套筒配合表面44配合。套筒26和干14之间的锥形适配,这样沿着干指向远端的力(诸如患者重力)将在干14和套筒26之间抵靠推动锥形结合部分。套筒26通常沿着干14的长轴对齐。
干14在位于干头部上的凹穴内容纳颈部32。在颈部居中取向时,颈部32到干14的锥形可与颈部32到股骨头的锥形对齐。由于偏差、样式和高度变化,锥形的相对方向(以及进而与这些锥形部分相关的力)相对于彼此移动。
与植入物相关的器械可在干植入过程中提供手术有效性。图4至图11显示了可用于制备、试验以及植入到股骨内的模块化的髋关节修正假体装置的手术过程的步骤。参照图4,图4是根据本发明一方面的带有远端制备工具的股骨100的剖面图。远端钻孔器102允许医师正确制备和定制管道的尺寸,以便与锥形的、具有凹槽的远端固定干最佳适配。股骨的远端部分通过将快速连接器械104连接到合适的远端钻孔器102而被钻孔,并且以0.5mm的增量对远端股骨管道进行钻孔,直到得到所需的远端适配。优选的是,使用比模板尺寸至少小2mm的远端钻孔器开始钻孔。这种钻孔器在循序渐进通过IM管道时对于钻孔由较小的阻力或没有阻力。此外,为了使得钻孔通过前皮层的潜在危险最小化,钻孔器102可从前部指向后部。优选的,干的尺寸比同等尺寸的钻孔器大0.25mm,上述可提供自动的压配合。
通过将快速连接器械上的标记与较大的股骨转子对准可确定钻孔器102的深度。如果不能选用较大的股骨转子,那么可制备替代的解剖学参考标记。例如,可用尺子来测量从股骨截骨远端到较大股骨转子的前一位置的距离。在获得所需的远端适配后,可使得快速连接装置104脱离啮合以及将最终的远端钻孔器102留在管道内。
如图5所示,图5是根据本发明一方面的带有试验工具的股骨100的剖面图。当与试验主体和颈部一起使用时,远端钻孔器102可起到骨髓内试验的功能,上述试验给医师提供更精确的植入物定位评估,同时减少器械和试验组件的数目。
在一些修正情况下,会需要将内侧骨移除以便与颈部主体的颈部平台相适配。可使用截骨夹具112来解决骨移除问题。截骨夹具112可放置在远端钻孔器102和近端隔套110的上方,并且可用螺钉固定到钻孔器112。截骨夹具112上的箭头可指示为了将试验颈部主体(以及紧跟着将植入物)正确定位而必须移除最少骨的位置。深度的位置可用烧灼销(cautery pin)做标记。在移除截骨夹具112以后,使用振动锯截骨。一旦骨正确取向,那么可使用试验主体来定位干主体。
参照图6,图6是根据本发明一方面的带有试验工具的股骨100的剖面图。试验主体116坐落在位于远端钻孔器102的隔套110上。试验性的颈部组件118与主体116啮合。试验性的颈部116上的标记可使得颈部118相对于主体116取向。随着试验完全建立,可执行运动范围(ROM)训练以便确保植入物的正确坐落、评估关节张力以及确保没有撞击到髋关节。可合适地调节试验颈部组件118和试验颈部凹穴样式(通过调节隔套110上的主体116的转动来操控)来获得所需的腿长、颈部偏差和颈部样式。可用烧灼销在骨上做标记以便标记适于植入物的所需样式。
现在转到图7,图7是根据本发明一方面的带有近端试验工具的股骨100的剖面图。近端钻孔器120可在远端钻孔器102的上方使用。这些“位于顶部上方”的钻孔器120允许医师将远端钻孔器102留在管道内以便维持干的近端套筒和远端锥形部分的空腔的相对位置。通过“在顶部的上方”钻孔,医师基于远端钻孔器的位置准备近端片段。
远端钻孔器可通过首先将试验颈部主体、试验颈部部件以及近端试验隔套移除来使用。远端钻孔器102留在管道内。用最小合适的尺寸开始,将近端锥形钻孔器120在远端钻孔器102的轴上方行进。近端锥形钻孔器120会转动,但是远端钻孔器102将起到导引件的作用并且不应该前进。如果没有执行ETO,或者如果股骨管道很小的话,有必要借助启动器近端钻孔器来移除防碍应用近端锥形钻孔器120的骨。利用近端锥形钻孔器来不断地对管道钻孔,直到获得所需的近端适配。
在近端套筒制备之后,在远端钻孔器的上方利用近端试验隔套、试验颈部主体、试验颈部以及试验头部部件重新试验。如果在近端套筒制备之后没有进行重新试验,那么可能会移除远端钻孔器部件。
参照图8,图8是根据本发明一方面的带有髋关节植入物和植入物工具的部分的股骨100的剖面图。制备植入物的干14和套筒26。套筒26在干14远端的上方滑动并且坐落到干14上。干插入工具126通常沿着干的长轴连接到干14的近端部分。利用锤子抵靠驱动平台将干/套筒组件撞击到股骨内。干插入器不应该碰撞到股骨转子。这会导致不正确的干坐落、股骨转子骨折或者内翻定位。随着干行进到所需位置,医师会评估高度和颈部凹穴的取向。如果在试验步骤中制备烧灼销标记,上述标记可作为参考。然后,当干正确坐落到管道内时,使得干插入工具126脱离啮合。
现在转到图9至图11,图9至图11是根据本发明一方面的带有髋关节植入物部分14,26和34和植入物工具部分132的股骨100的剖面图。一旦干14坐落到位,就利用试验颈部和头部部件进行再试验。根据模块化的颈部选择,可精确调整偏差、腿长以及样式。一旦确定正确的颈部取向,在产生碰撞之前用模块化的颈部植入物34代替模块化的颈部试验。在组装之前应该检测所有的锥形表面,上述表面应为洁净的和干燥的,以便确保良好锥形锁定。一旦在最终的撞击之前证实颈部34处于所需取向,医师使用头部/颈部撞击工具132同时撞击最终的颈部34和头部植入物部件130。正确的选择颈部长度和颈部凹穴以及干定位是重要的。肌肉松弛和/或部件的位置不正会导致部件和/或骨的松弛、不全脱位、错位和/或断裂。在用所植入的植入物封闭之前,最终的ROM检查会确保所需的植入效果。
从上述内容中会看出本发明的一些优势得到了实现和达成。
选择和描述实施例是为了最好地解释本发明的原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的其他技术人员以各种实施例最好地使用本发明,且对于预期的特定用途可进行各种变形。
由于在不脱离本发明范围的情况下可对在此所述和解释说明的结构和方法进行各种变形,因此前述说明中包含或在附图中所示的所有内容应该是解释性的而不作为对本发明的限制。因此,本发明的广度和范围不应该受到上述示范性实施例的限制,而是仅仅应该根据所附的下述权利要求和其等同物进行限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种髋关节修正植入物,包括:
干,其具有主体部分、近端髓内管部分和远端髓内管部分,所述近端髓内管部分和所述远端髓内管部分大致沿所述干的长轴对齐,所述主体部分相对于所述近端髓内管部分朝近端取向,并进一步具有大致从所述干的长轴径向向外延伸出的表面,所述近端髓内管部分具有朝远端延伸的锥形表面;
套筒,其构造成容纳在所述干的远端髓内管部分的上方,并进一步具有构造成与所述近端髓内管部分的朝远端延伸的锥形表面配合的内表面;以及
颈部,其构造成容纳在所述干的主体部分内,所述干的主体部分具有构造成与所述颈部的颈部锥形部分配合的颈部容纳表面,所述颈部锥形部分相对于所述长轴以一定角度取向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的髋关节修正植入物,其中,所述干的远端髓内部分进一步包括沿着所述干的长度延伸的凹槽。
3.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的髋关节修正植入物,其中,所述套筒进一步包括圆锥形部分和圆柱形部分,所述圆锥形部分靠近所述干主体取向,所述圆柱形部分远离所述圆锥形部分朝远端延伸。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的髋关节修正植入物,其中,在所述干的主体部分上从所述干的长轴大致径向向外延伸出的表面构造成搁置在骨切口上。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的髋关节修正植入物,其中,所述套筒构造成远离所述干的长轴不对称地延伸。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的髋关节修正植入物,其中,所述颈部沿着第一轴线容纳在所述干上,头部沿着第二轴线容纳在所述颈部上,第一和第二轴线彼此平行。
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