CN106100478A - A kind of control method of permagnetic synchronous motor - Google Patents

A kind of control method of permagnetic synchronous motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106100478A
CN106100478A CN201610525521.8A CN201610525521A CN106100478A CN 106100478 A CN106100478 A CN 106100478A CN 201610525521 A CN201610525521 A CN 201610525521A CN 106100478 A CN106100478 A CN 106100478A
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torque
vector
value
stator
voltage
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朱金荣
韩东利
佟国栋
夏长权
邓小颖
陈卫峰
陆文峰
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Yangzhou University
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Yangzhou University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/0003Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
    • H02P21/0017Model reference adaptation, e.g. MRAS or MRAC, useful for control or parameter estimation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/14Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
    • H02P21/141Flux estimation

Abstract

A kind of control method of permagnetic synchronous motor, belong to Motor Control Field, zero vector control method is used in the torque controller of Direct Torque, make traditional positive vector and anti-vector controlled into positive vector, anti-vector zero vector three kinds control, use zero vector control method, not only increase the ability of electromagnetic torque readjustment, but also make ability that electromagnetic torque adjusts back and the ability that positive vector makes electromagnetic torque rise suitable, torque has obtained the most effectively controlling, low cost of the present invention, shorten the used time of control process, avoid the error caused due to time delay, reach the purpose that permagnetic synchronous motor reliably starts and runs.

Description

A kind of control method of permagnetic synchronous motor
Technical field
The invention belongs to Motor Control Field, be specifically related to the control method of a kind of permagnetic synchronous motor.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the development of Power Electronic Technique, electric machines control technology and rare earth permanent-magnetic material, permanent magnet synchronous electric Machine has simple in construction than asynchronous machine, volume is little, lightweight, it is little to be lost, efficiency high, in industry, national defence, system The field such as industry, household electrical appliance of making is widely used.The control method of permagnetic synchronous motor mainly has vector controlled at present And Direct Torque Control, owing to the controlled device of vector controlled to be set up on complicated mathematical model, by changing motor Armature supply controls the electromagnetic torque of motor, so this control method implements more complicated, and Direct Torque Control gram Having taken the complexity of vector controlled, it directly calculates and the electromagnetic torque controlling motor under stator coordinate, adjusts in torque In joint device, the positive and negative vector of general employing increases and reduces electromagnetic torque, but positive and negative vector makes the amplitude of torque raising and lowering Relatively big, cause motor pulsation of electromagnetic torque and electric current when steady-state operation very big, make the runnability of electric machine control system reach Less than most preferably, motor running quality is greatly reduced.
Through retrieval, the method solving permasyn morot pulsation problem at present mainly has: 1, use multi-electrical level inverter, More for inverter distribution voltage vector is controlled magnetic linkage, it is achieved that reduce the purpose of torque pulsation.2, load torque is used Compensator, due to motor inductive load, can make the power factor of motor decline, and namely motor does idle composition increasing Greatly, active power reduces, and causes motor speed pulsation to increase, and increases load torque compensation device and can well play supplementary work With, reduce speed ripple.3, a kind of iterative learning control is used to control the control method combined with PI, by adjusting each phase Winding diverse location given value of current value and the information that application previous experiments obtains repeatedly obtain and can produce desired output track Control input, improve control quality and reduce torque pulsation.
Such scheme is respectively present following shortcoming: 1, use multi-electrical level inverter, although this approach reduce torque pulsation, But but increase cost and the complexity of electric machine control system.2, load torque compensation device is used to reduce speed ripple, because Being opened loop control, the slight change of parameter will cause bigger torque pulsation, and institute is in this way to permagnetic synchronous motor parameter Precision and the highest to the characteristic requirements of torque pulsation.3, iterative learning control is used to control the controlling party combined with PI Method, although the method improving control quality and reducing torque pulsation, but the Fourier realizing needing to carry out complexity of the method Conversion, operand is very big, and this will cause error due to time delay, also has due to Repetitive controller, the method Rub-out signal can be produced when aperiodic disturbance.
Summary of the invention
For problem above and the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes the control method of a kind of permagnetic synchronous motor.
The present invention comprises the steps:
1) stator three-phase voltage value is detected by voltage sensor and current sensoru a u b u c With stator three-phase electricity flow valuve, then by coordinate transform, calculating obtains the magnitude of voltage of biphase rest frameAnd current value
2) by the magnitude of voltage of biphase rest frameAnd current valueCalculate through stator flux estimation chinese Go out stator flux estimation chinese value, then by stator flux estimation chinese valueWith stator flux linkage set valueCompare, take The deviation value obtained exports magnetic linkage control signal after being processed by flux regulating device
3) by the two of stator flux estimation chinese componentsWith, judge to calculate stator magnetic linkage institute by stator magnetic linkage sector Wayside signaling
4) by the two of stator flux estimation chinese componentsCurrent value with biphase rest frameBy turning Moments estimation calculates actual torque valueT e , then by the magnitude of voltage of biphase rest frameAnd current valueRotor velocity is obtained through speed estimate/photoelectric encoder, by rotor velocityWith rotor actual corners speed DegreeCompare, the deviation of acquirementTorque set-point is exported by speed regulator after being processedT e *, then reality is turned Square valueT e With torque set-pointT e * compare, then obtain torque control signal by torque controller
5) magnetic linkage control signal, the wayside signaling at stator magnetic linkage placeAnd torque control signalOpened by voltage vector Pass table distributes switching vector selectorS a S b WithS c , then after three-phase inverter, drive motor work.
The present invention uses direct Torque Control, direct Torque Control to be a torque, stator magnetic linkage amplitudeDouble loop system, torque controller in torque uses zero vector control method, the zero vector control in torque controller The torque set-point that input is motor of method processedT e And actual torque value *T e Difference, it is judged that torque set-point and actual torque The error size of value, when torque error is more than △T e Time, represent that the amplitude that system torque declines is the biggest, it should torque rises, should Select to increase the positive vector of torque, use=1 represents;When torque error is less than △T e Time, represent the amplitude that system torque declines Not being very big, torque is significantly adjusted back, and should select to reduce the anti-vector of torque, use=-1 represents;When torque error is equal to △T e Time, represent that system torque fall is in steadily, the zero vector of holding torque should be selected, use=0 represents;Wherein △T e Big I according to practical situation and requirements set.The method implements simple and low cost, shortens whole control The used time of journey, it is to avoid the error caused due to time delay, reach the mesh that permagnetic synchronous motor reliably starts and runs , not only decrease the torque pulsation caused when motor steady-state operation because of the space voltage vector of interrupted pulsating, but also Decrease the torque pulsation caused because of the fluctuation of electromagnetic torque set-point, reduce again the on-off times of device for power switching simultaneously, make System running quality is greatly improved.
Further, in step 4) of the present invention, torque control signalCalculating process as follows:
When motor dynamically changes, motor wishes that electromagnetic torque has a greater change.And when entering steady-state operation, motor Wish that the change of electromagnetic torque is the least.According to this demand, can be at torque set-pointT e Delimit a region the most up and down, i.e.T e *±△T e ;And make following provisions:
1) actual torque is worked asT e Time within the range, represent system actual torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e * hardly differ, Do not carry out role electric motors with the anti-vector of strength, and act on motor with gentle zero vector, to reach substantially to keep turning The purpose of square, uses=0 represents this state;
2) actual torque is worked asT e Time on this scope, represent system actual torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e It is the most much larger, Require that torque is significantly adjusted back, the anti-vector of energy strength at this moment should be selected to reduce torque, use=-1 represents state;
3) actual torque is worked asT e Time under this scope, represent system actual torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e It is the most much smaller, Requirement torque rises, and should select to increase the positive vector of torque, use=1 represents this state;
The torque control signal of the torque controller of permagnetic synchronous motor can be obtained according to above-mentioned regulationAs follows:
And flux regulating device keeps constant.
The present invention uses zero vector control method in the torque controller of Direct Torque, and the method is by traditional positive vector Make positive vector, anti-vector zero vector three kinds control into anti-vector controlled, use zero vector control method, not only increase electricity The ability of magnetic torque readjustment, but also make ability that electromagnetic torque adjust back and the ability that positive vector makes electromagnetic torque rise quite, Torque has obtained the most effectively controlling, and the method realizes simple and low cost, shortens the used time of whole control process, it is to avoid The error caused due to time delay, has reached the purpose that permagnetic synchronous motor reliably starts and runs, has not only decreased The torque pulsation caused because of the space voltage vector of interrupted pulsating when motor steady-state operation, but also decrease because electromagnetism turns The torque pulsation that the fluctuation of square set-point causes, reduces again the on-off times of device for power switching simultaneously, makes system running quality big Big raising.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the control block diagram of method for controlling permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the zero vector sphere of action of the present invention and torque gives schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the torque controller schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the torque estimation illustraton of model of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the stator flux estimation chinese illustraton of model of the present invention.
In Fig. 1,1 inverter, 2 voltage sensors, 3 current sensors, 4 PMSM, 5 voltage switch vector tables, 6 coordinates become Changing, 7 flux regulating devices, 8 stator magnetic linkage sectors judge, 9 stator flux estimation chinese, 10 torque estimation, 11 speed estimate/photoelectric coding Device, 12 torque controllers, 13 speed regulators, 14 three-phase commutation bridges, 15 flux linkage set values calculate.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail, in order to those skilled in the art is more Understand the present invention well.
As it is shown in figure 1, be the detailed description of the invention of a kind of method for controlling permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention, it is embodied as step Suddenly it is:
(1) voltage of biphase rest frame is calculatedAnd electric current
Voltage sensor 2 and current sensor 3 is utilized to detect stator three-phase voltage valueu a u b u c With stator three-phase electricity Stream, the most again by coordinate transform 6, calculate the voltage of biphase rest frameAnd electric current
As a example by electric current, according to permanent amplitude transformation, coordinate is transformed to below equation:
(2) magnetic linkage control signal is calculated
The voltage of biphase rest frame will be calculatedAnd electric currentThrough stator flux estimation chinese 9 Obtain stator flux estimation chinese valueWith two componentsWith, then willWithBy turning Moments estimation 10 obtains electromagnetic torqueT e , then by electromagnetic torqueT e Calculate 15 by flux linkage set value and obtain stator flux linkage set valueRather than holding steady state value, finally willWithComparing, its deviation is defeated after being processed by flux regulating device 7 Go out magnetic linkage control signal
Magnetic linkage control signalComputing formula as follows:
In formula,R s For stator resistance,Exist for motor stator voltageComponent on coordinate axes,For Stator current existsComponent on coordinate axes,Exist for stator magnetic linkageComponent on coordinate axes,T N Being respectively specified stator magnetic linkage amplitude, nominal torque and the rotor flux amplitude of motor, they in motor are considered as not The preset parameter become,For stator flux linkage set value,For stator flux estimation chinese value, magnetic linkage control signalTable when being 1 Show that control system needs to increase magnetic linkage,It is when 0, to represent that control system needs to reduce magnetic linkage.
(3) wayside signaling at stator magnetic linkage place is calculated
By the two of stator flux estimation chinese componentsWith, judge that 8 obtain stator magnetic linkage by stator magnetic linkage sector The wayside signaling at place
The wayside signaling at stator magnetic linkage placeComputing formula as follows:
The angle of stator magnetic linkage is all divided into six sectors in equal size, and each interval is 60o, the wayside signaling that then will obtain Correspond respectively to 6 sectors of stator magnetic linkage.
(4) torque control signal is calculated
A. according to the voltage obtained in (1)And electric current, carry it into formula WithIn obtainu s With, then the rotor velocity obtained through speed estimate/photoelectric encoder 11, then carry it into formulaWith In, can be obtained by differential:
B. by the stator magnetic linkage in aAnd rotor fluxThe state equation being write as matrix is as follows:
C., the form that the electromagnetic torque of motor is expressed as stator magnetic linkage and rotor flux is as follows:
D. the control cycle is assumedT s It is sufficiently small, then obtain the state equation of discretization according to the matrix condition equation in b,t k+1The stator magnetic linkage in moment and rotor flux can be expressed as:
Which depictt k -t k+1Period is due to voltage vectoru sk The stator magnetic linkage caused by effectChange.With Sample can derive electromagnetic torqueT s Discretization expression formula, if ignoringT s Quadratic term, can obtain following result:
E. the formula in above formula changes and obtainst k+1The torque variable quantity △ in momentT ek It is defined as:
By the torque variable quantity △ in above formulaT ek Three, middle the right is defined as △T ek1、△T ek2And △T ek3, then,t k+1Time The torque carvedT e(k+1)It is represented by:
F. by above formula With
1) Section 1 torque variable quantity △T ek1It is the decay of the electromagnetic torque caused due to stator resistance consumed energy, Therefore, it must be negative value.This witht k The torque in momentT ek It is directly proportional, with space voltage vectoru k And rotating speedUnrelated.
2) Section 2 torque variable quantity △T ek2Reflect space voltage vectoru k On torque change affect it can be as In c, formula is such, is write as the form of vector product:
In formulaαFor space voltage vectoru sk And rotor fluxAngle, owing to electing zero vector as at space voltage vector When, |u sk | it is 0, so Section 2 torque variable quantity △T ek2Being 0, it does not has yetαThe problem of angle.
3) Section 3 torque variable quantity △T ek3And rotating speed, be loaded with much relations, due to scalar product Can represent:
Thus it is possible to it is as follows to derive further:
In formula,It it is vectorTo vectorAngle, when motor runningIt is less than 90oAcute angle, so △T ek3It it is negative value.
G. knowable to above qualitative analysis, in three torque variable quantities, △T ek1、△T ek3Two affirmatives are negative, only Section 2 torque variable quantity △T ek2Can be according to the space voltage vector selectedu sk Difference, have just have negative, for this define △T ek 0
、△T ek +、△T ek -It is respectively zero vector, positive vector, anti-vector, now three vectors is existedt k Torque produced by moment Variable quantity is as follows:
1) when zero vector effect, torque variable quantity △T ek 0By Section 1 torque variable quantity △T ek1Change with Section 3 torque Amount △T ek3Composition, Section 2 torque variable quantity △T ek2Being zero, its torque variable quantity is as follows:
Due to △T ek1And △T ek3Total is negative value, therefore
2) torque variable quantity △ when positive vector, anti-vector effectT ek +、△T ek -It is , simply during positive vector effect, during anti-vector effectAnd zero vector During effect, produced torque variable quantity is the same, is all negative, and its torque variable quantity is as follows:
Due to △T ek1And △T ek3Total is negative value, and therefore torque variable quantity during positive vector effect is as follows:
And during anti-vector effect, due to △T ek1、△T ek2And △T ek3Being negative value, torque during the most anti-vector effect becomes Change amount is as follows:
Anti-vector is deducted positive vector, just obtains the relation between zero vector, positive vector, anti-vector three as follows:
H. the formula from above formula is it can be seen that work as regulation zero vector | △T ek 0| value become big time, positive vector makes electromagnetic torque The amplitude risen | △T ek +| the least, whereas if regulation zero vector △T ek 0| value when diminishing, positive vector makes electromagnetism turn The amplitude that square rises | △T ek +| the biggest.Therefore, " bigger zero vector effect | △T ek 0| " decapacitation strengthen readjustment electromagnetism turn Outside the ability of square, it can also reduce the effect that positive vector makes electromagnetic torque rise, and kills two birds with one stone, and makes electromagnetic torque raising and lowering Can preferably mate, the correct conditioning to electromagnetic torque has dual benefit.
I., when motor dynamically changes, motor wishes that electromagnetic torque has a greater change.And when entering steady-state operation, Motor wishes that the change of electromagnetic torque is the least.According to this demand, can be at torque set-pointT e Delimit a district the most up and down Territory, torque set-point as shown in Figure 2T e Scope in the most upper and lower two dotted lines, i.e.T e *±△T e ;And make following provisions:
1) actual torque is worked asT e Time within the range, represent system actual torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e * hardly differ, Do not carry out role electric motors with the anti-vector of " strongly ", and preferably use the zero vector of " gentle " to act on motor, to reach basic " keep " purpose of torque, use=0 represents this state.
2) actual torque is worked asT e Time on this scope, represent system actual torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e The biggest A lot, it is desirable to torque is significantly adjusted back, the anti-vector of energy " strongly " at this moment should be selected to reduce torque, use=-1 represents state.
3) actual torque is worked asT e Time under this scope, represent system actual torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e The least A lot, it is desirable to torque rises, should select to increase the positive vector of torque, use=1 represents this state.
The torque control signal of the torque controller 12 of permagnetic synchronous motor can be obtained according to stated aboveIt is as follows, And flux regulating device 7 keeps constant.
(5) last, by magnetic linkage control signal, the wayside signaling at stator magnetic linkage placeAnd torque control signalThree Input quantity, selects suitable switching vector selectorS a S b WithS c , after three-phase inverter 1 and 14, drive motor work.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the torque controller 12 in Fig. 1, first by Fig. 1 to fixed angular speedActual with rotor Angular velocityCompare, its deviationIt is calculated torque set-point again by speed regulator 13T e *, the most again by The calculated actual torque value of torque estimation 10T e , and then by torque set-pointT e And actual torque value *T e Compare Relatively, finally by its deviation and zero vector sphere of action △ in Fig. 2T e Compare, when its deviation is more than △T e Time, torque control Signal processed, represent and want forward to increase electromagnetic torque;When its deviation is less than-△T e Time, torque control signal, table Show electromagnetic torque to be inversely increased;When its deviation is equal to 0, torque control signal, represent and select zero vector slow Reduce electromagnetic torque.
Computing formula is as follows:
In formula,R s For stator resistance,Exist for motor stator voltageComponent on coordinate axes,For Stator current existsComponent on coordinate axes,Exist for stator magnetic linkageComponent on coordinate axes,For stator Magnetic linkage,For stator current,For rotor flux,pFor number of pole-pairs,WithtWhen being respectively rotor-position and electric machine rotation Between.
Fig. 4 is the illustraton of model of the torque estimation 10 in Fig. 1, detects first with voltage sensor 2 and current sensor 3 Stator three-phase voltage valueu a u b u c With stator three-phase current, the most again by coordinate transform 6, calculate two The voltage of phase rest frameAnd electric current.Secondly the voltage of biphase rest frame will be calculatedAnd electric currentIntegration through stator flux estimation chinese 9 has obtained two componentsWithAnd stator Flux linkage estimation value, finally willWithMultiplied to electromagnetism by the integration in torque estimation 10 and difference TorqueT e
Computing formula is as follows:
In formula,R s For stator resistance,Exist for motor stator voltageComponent on coordinate axes,For Stator current existsComponent on coordinate axes,Exist for stator magnetic linkageComponent on coordinate axes,For stator Magnetic linkage,For stator current,pFor number of pole-pairs.
Fig. 5 is the illustraton of model of the stator flux estimation chinese 9 in Fig. 1, examines first with voltage sensor 2 and current sensor 3 Measure stator three-phase voltage valueu a u b u c With stator three-phase current, the most again by coordinate transform 6, calculate Go out the voltage of biphase rest frameAnd electric current.Secondly by the biphase rest frame that calculates VoltageAnd electric currentIntegration through stator flux estimation chinese 9 has obtained stator flux estimation chinese valueWith Two componentsWith
Computing formula is as follows:
In formula,R s For stator resistance,Exist for motor stator voltageComponent on coordinate axes,For Stator current existsComponent on coordinate axes,For stator flux estimation chinese value,Exist for stator magnetic linkageSit Component on parameter.
The present invention uses zero vector control method in the torque controller of Direct Torque, and the method is by traditional positive vector Make positive vector, anti-vector zero vector three kinds control into anti-vector controlled, use zero vector control method, not only increase electricity The ability of magnetic torque readjustment, but also make ability that electromagnetic torque adjust back and the ability that positive vector makes electromagnetic torque rise quite, Torque has obtained well effectively controlling, the method realizes simple and low cost, shortens the used time of control process, it is to avoid by The error caused in time delay, has reached the purpose that permagnetic synchronous motor reliably starts and runs, has not only decreased at electricity The torque pulsation caused because of the space voltage vector of interrupted pulsating during machine steady-state operation, but also decrease because of electromagnetic torque to The torque pulsation that definite value fluctuation causes, reduces again the on-off times of device for power switching simultaneously, and the system running quality of making carries significantly High.

Claims (2)

1. the control method of a permagnetic synchronous motor, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) stator three-phase voltage value is detected by voltage sensor and current sensoru a u b u c With stator three-phase electricity flow valuve, then the magnitude of voltage of biphase rest frame is obtained by coordinate transformAnd current value
2) by the magnitude of voltage of biphase rest frameAnd current valueCalculate through stator flux estimation chinese Stator flux estimation chinese value, then by stator flux estimation chinese valueWith stator flux linkage set valueCompare, acquirement Deviation value exports magnetic linkage control signal after being processed by flux regulating device
3) by the two of stator flux estimation chinese componentsWith, judge to calculate stator magnetic linkage place by stator magnetic linkage sector Wayside signaling
4) by the two of stator flux estimation chinese componentsCurrent value with biphase rest frameBy turning Moments estimation calculates actual torque valueT e , then by the magnitude of voltage of biphase rest frameAnd current valueRotor velocity is obtained through speed estimate/photoelectric encoder, by rotor velocityWith rotor actual corners speed DegreeCompare, the deviation of acquirementTorque set-point is exported by speed regulator after being processedT e *, then by reality Torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e * compare, then obtain torque control signal by torque controller
5) magnetic linkage control signal, the wayside signaling at stator magnetic linkage placeAnd torque control signalSwitched by voltage vector Table distributes switching vector selectorS a S b WithS c , then after three-phase inverter, drive motor work.
Control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step 4), motor electromagnetic torque is given ValueT e * upper and lower two regions delimited, i.e.T e *±△T e ;And make following provisions:
1) actual torque is worked asT e Time within the range, represent system actual torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e * hardly differ, Do not carry out role electric motors with the anti-vector of strength, and act on motor with gentle zero vector, to reach substantially to keep turning The purpose of square, uses=0 represents this state;
2) actual torque is worked asT e Time on this scope, represent system actual torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e It is the most much larger, Require that torque is significantly adjusted back, the anti-vector of energy strength at this moment should be selected to reduce torque, use=-1 represents state;
3) actual torque is worked asT e Time under this scope, represent system actual torque valueT e With torque set-pointT e It is the most much smaller, Requirement torque rises, and should select to increase the positive vector of torque, use=1 represents this state;
The torque control signal of the torque controller of permagnetic synchronous motor can be obtained according to above-mentioned regulationAs follows:
And flux regulating device keeps constant.
CN201610525521.8A 2016-07-06 2016-07-06 A kind of control method of permagnetic synchronous motor Pending CN106100478A (en)

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CN111342726A (en) * 2020-03-26 2020-06-26 武汉科技大学 Direct torque control method and system for permanent magnet synchronous motor
CN111355411A (en) * 2020-03-26 2020-06-30 同济大学 Control method and device of permanent magnet synchronous motor, storage medium and terminal

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Application publication date: 20161109