A kind of preparation method of lithium battery diaphragm
Technical field
The invention belongs to polymer Li-ion battery technical field, particularly relate to a kind of net formed containing ceramic fillers
The preparation method of the barrier film of network shape PVDF coating.
Background technology
Being increased by economic development and population and affected, the consumption figure of the disposable energy is continuously increased by people, with oil is
The fossil resource represented reduces day by day, and is living to people a little to come also to bring easily using oil as the automobile of raw material simultaneously
The problem such as environmental pollution, greenhouse effect.From twentieth century from the beginning of posterior lobe, the mankind just begin look for cleaning alternative energy source with
And energy storage device.
Lithium ion battery, owing to having the characteristic that volume is little, lightweight, energy density is high, has again safe and reliable and energy
The advantages such as fast charging and discharging, become the focus of novel power supply technical research in recent years.Barrier film in lithium ion battery has partition
Positive/negative plate, simultaneously turn on the effect of lithium ion, be to prepare a kind of important material of lithium ion battery.It is usually used in preparing lithium battery
The material of barrier film has polyolefin, polyimides, non-woven fabrics etc., and above material is organic through coating or inorganic coating is prepared into
The composite arrived.These materials have loose structure and fabulous electrolyte wellability, and the electrolyte being stored in barrier film can
Carrier as lithium ion transport.During lithium ion battery uses, along with the carrying out of circulation, lithium ion can constantly be disappeared
Consumption, when electrolyte content is depleted to maintain lithium ion normally to move about, performance of lithium ion battery will deteriorate, thus cause not
Can normal discharge and recharge.Therefore select Electolyte-absorptive good and store the many barrier films of electrolyte to be conducive to extending the use longevity of battery
Life.
In field of lithium ion battery, duricrust packaging lithium ion battery and soft shell packaging lithium ion can be divided into according to manner of packing
Battery.Duricrust battery refers mainly to the bigger box hat of hardness or aluminum-shell battery, and duricrust battery has the spy that processing is simple, shape is fixing
Point.Soft shell battery refer to use the seal-packed battery of plastic-aluminum packaging film, soft shell battery have outward appearance flexible and changeable, lightweight,
The feature that battery security is good.Due to smart mobile phone, panel computer and vehicle mounted dynamic battery just towards thin, wide, light direction
Development, this just requires that the lithium ion battery matched designs towards thinner, wider, lighter direction, and must use Soft Roll
The potting mode of dress improves the design advantage of battery.But flexible-packed battery is affected by packaging material, the drawback existed is just
It is that battery deformation of feeling like jelly easily occurs, causes the deterioration of battery performance.In order to improve the hardness of battery, that takes at present generally arranges
Executing is to coat one layer of PVDF (vinylidene fluoride homopolymer) at membrane surface, but coats PVDF at membrane surface so that barrier film is being met
To the most breakdown when pole piece or foreign body burr, battery performance is caused to deteriorate.
In order to strengthen the breakdown characteristics of battery, prior art uses the mode of intaglio printing to coat one layer at membrane surface
The pottery of 2~6 μm or the ceramic mixture with PVDF, adopt and prepare barrier film in this way, want to reach barrier film good with pole piece
Cementability, barrier film need to be carried out repeatedly coating processes, relatively costly;And the coating method of intaglio printing requires tension barrier film
Warp tension ratio relatively big, therefore in coating procedure, the barrier film that barrier film, especially thickness are thin is easily caused stronger stretcher strain,
Thus destroy barrier film, cause the deterioration of cycle performance of battery.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the preparation side that a kind of technique is simple, can improve the lithium battery diaphragm of battery performance
Method, it has only to carry out primary coating and just can obtain two-sided all containing cated barrier film, can improve battery discharge cycles performance,
Security performance and battery hardness performance.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical solution:
The preparation method of a kind of lithium battery diaphragm, comprises the following steps:
Prepare ceramic size;
Barrier film base material is soaked in slurry pool and is coated;
It is promoted in baking oven be dried by barrier film base material;
In described baking oven, the lateral symmetry at barrier film is provided with multiple blast pipe, and the arrangement mode of described blast pipe is m × n
Array format, wherein, m is the quantity of longitudinal upper blast pipe, and m >=2, n is the quantity of transversely blast pipe, and n >=1 is positioned at same
The air force of the blast pipe of row is identical, and in longitudinal direction, the air quantity of blast pipe gradually weakens from the bottom up.
More specifically, described blast pipe is obliquely installed relative to barrier film moving direction.
More specifically, between described blast pipe centrage and barrier film moving direction, angle clockwise is 15~75
Degree.
More specifically, in described baking oven, above blast pipe, barrier film both sides are respectively symmetrically and are provided with discharge pipe.
More specifically, in described baking oven, above blast pipe, barrier film both sides are respectively symmetrically and are provided with 2~5 discharge pipes.
More specifically, barrier film processing speed in baking oven is 2.5~6.0m/min.
More specifically, in baking oven, it is positioned at barrier film both sides and is respectively provided with 5 × 1 blast pipes, the most each air intake
The air volume adjustment ratio of pipe is 8:6:4:2:1.
More specifically, also including that smoothing wrinkle step, described smoothing wrinkle step are realized by smoothing wrinkle mechanism, described smoothing wrinkle mechanism includes
A pair transition roller and be arranged at the oscillating roller between described transition roller, described oscillating roller is arranged at the swing arm that can swing around the shaft
On, the axis of described rotating shaft is parallel with barrier film width.
More specifically, the pendulum angle of described swing arm is 15 °.
From above technical scheme, the present invention uses pull-type dipping process coated ceramic slurry on barrier film base material,
Can be formed on barrier film by PVDF with pottery mix the coating formed, in this coating containing PVDF form network architecture with
And the ceramic particle that filling is in the structure shown here ensure that enough hardness for thin and big battery, thus ensure that battery makes
Time concordance, there is stronger non-oxidizability and anti-puncture performance simultaneously, battery security can be increased.The preparation work of the present invention
Skill achieves and is once coated with shaping, is not required to reprocess barrier film, is effectively increased production efficiency, can obviously reduce cost.
Compared with prior art, the barrier film that the inventive method prepares, there is uniform network-like PVDF coating, and ceramic particle
It is evenly distributed in the network coating of PVDF, improves the heat-shrinkable of barrier film, improve barrier film and pole piece in the battery
Cementability, thus the hardness of battery can be improved, improve the cycle life of battery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of the baking oven that Fig. 1 is used when being coated with by barrier film of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is another angle schematic diagram in baking oven;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention smoothing wrinkle mechanism;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of another angle of Fig. 3.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in more detail.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, when describing the embodiment of the present invention in detail, for purposes of illustration only, represent
The accompanying drawing of device architecture can be disobeyed general ratio and be done partial enlargement, and described schematic diagram is example, and it should not limit at this
The scope of protection of the invention.It should be noted that accompanying drawing uses the form simplified and all uses non-ratio accurately, only in order to side
Just the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention, is clearly aided in illustrating.
The basic ideas of the inventive method are: use pull-type dipping process coated ceramic slurry on lithium battery diaphragm,
Ceramic size is mixed to form organic solution by PVDF powder and solvent, is subsequently adding ceramic powder and wetting agent configuration forms, will
Barrier film base material is immersed in slurry pool and carries out slurry coating, carries out lifting the most in an oven and dries, by regulation drying rate
The size of the grid in the coating that control is formed on the diaphragm surface, the barrier film base material finally obtained is formed network-like
PVDF coating structure, containing ceramic particle implant in this network-like structure.
It is above the core concept of the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, to the embodiment of the present invention
Technical scheme be clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, and
It is not all, of embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative work
The every other embodiment obtained under premise, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Elaborate a lot of detail in the following description so that fully understanding the present invention, but the present invention is all right
Using other to be different from alternate manner described here to implement, those skilled in the art can be without prejudice to intension of the present invention
In the case of do similar popularization, therefore the present invention is not limited by following public specific embodiment.
The ceramic size used in the inventive method can use existing technique to make.When preparing ceramic size, organic solution
In PVDF powder can be PVDF or PVDF-HFP or their mixture, the organic solvent of selection can be NMP, acetone,
In DMF, THF, MEK, one or more, be dissolved in PVDF powder in organic solvent by the way of stirring and make macromolecule material
The organic solution of material, blender can use double planetary mixer, single blade mixer, ball mill or grinder etc., and mixing time is
20min~120min, in organic solution, the content of PVDF material is 1%wt~10%wt.
Prepared organic solution is sealed and preserves, and place 12~24h in the environment of being positioned over 20~30 DEG C, be subsequently adding
Ceramic size prepared by ceramic material, and in ceramic size, the content of ceramic powder is 1%wt~30%wt, preferably 6%wt, selection
Ceramic powder can be in aluminium sesquioxide, silicon dioxide, boehmite, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, titanium dioxide or titanium sulfate
One or more, the granule D50 of ceramic powder can be 0.1~10um.
During coating, coating speed is 1m/min~30m/min, and preferably 4~5m/min are prepared by coating process of the present invention
Coating in the size of PVDF grid be 0.1~50 μm, preferably 1~10 μm, coating layer thickness is 2 μm~20 μm, preferably 3 μm
~6 μm, in coating, the content of pottery is 50%wt~90%wt, preferably 70%wt.
With specific embodiment, the invention will be further described below:
Embodiment 1
The LBG (the PVDF copolymer containing HFP) of 3%wt content is added in acetone, open blender stirring 60min, system
The most transparent solution, seals and static 12~24h standby in 20~30 DEG C of environment;
The α phase aluminum oxide ceramic powder that weight is solution weight 4.5%wt, this ceramics is added in above-mentioned solution
In material particle diameter distribution, 50% to add up diameter D50 be 0.4 μm, opens blender stirring 60min, stirs, then crosses 80 mesh sieves
Net, prepares ceramic size;
The ceramic size dip-coating formula membrane treatment machine prepared is coated on the polyethylene base material barrier film of 7 μ m thick also
Being dried, coating is dried, and coating layer thickness is 5 μm;
The lithium battery diaphragm prepared according to above step is that a kind of PVDF containing aluminum oxide ceramic implant is network-like
Dual coating barrier film, the thickness of this lithium ion battery separator is 12 μm, and wherein polyethylene film thickness is 7 μm, ceramic filler double
Torus network shape coating layer thickness is 5 μm, and the aperture size average in coating network is about 10 μm.
In order to prepare the network-like PVDF coating of even aperture distribution, traditional dipping process is changed by the present invention
Enter, use the mode of multiposition air intake that barrier film is dried in baking step.The pull-type dip-coating barrier film of the present embodiment is fast
Dry-coated machine uses the coating machine that Zhuhai Guang Haojie precision optical machinery company limited produces.Barrier film dip-coating in slurry pool 20
After, it is promoted in baking oven 1, as it is shown in figure 1, the lateral symmetry that the baking oven that the present invention uses is positioned at barrier film 10 in baking oven 1 is arranged
Having multiple blast pipe 2, blast pipe 2 is dried to the surface of barrier film.The arrangement mode of blast pipe is m n array form.For the ease of
Describing, be defined as down in direction at the septum inlet of baking oven, direction, barrier film exit is defined as, direction shown in arrow in Fig. 1
For barrier film moving direction, the direction being parallel to barrier film moving direction is that longitudinally the direction being parallel to barrier film width is horizontal.
M is the quantity of longitudinal upper blast pipe, i.e. row, m >=2, n is the quantity of transversely blast pipe, i.e. columns, n >=1.Blast pipe battle array
The air force of the blast pipe being positioned at same row in row is identical, and in longitudinal direction, the air quantity of blast pipe gradually weakens from the bottom up.Such as Fig. 2
Shown in, the present embodiment is respectively provided with 5 × 1 blast pipes 2 in baking oven in barrier film both sides, is i.e. provided with 5 and discharges into airduct, each
Row only arranges a blast pipe, the most only string blast pipe, and in longitudinal direction, the air volume adjustment ratio of the most each blast pipe is
8:6:4:2:1.Further, blast pipe 2 is obliquely installed relative to barrier film moving direction, and blast pipe 2 centrage moves with barrier film
Between direction, angle a clockwise is 15~75 degree.In baking oven above blast pipe barrier film both sides be respectively symmetrically be provided with 2~
5 discharge pipes, the present embodiment septation both sides are respectively provided with 3 discharge pipes, the air quantity of discharge pipe and arrange angle and do not have spy
Different requirement.The heat being adjusted five positions by the air quantity of five blast pipes of regulation is distributed, thus adjusts the steam in baking oven
Pressure, it is ensured that coating is overall uniformly dries, and forms network-like PVDF coating.Barrier film processing speed in baking oven be 2.5~
6.0m/min。
Preferably, the barrier film preparation method of the present invention also including, smoothing wrinkle step, smoothing wrinkle step are realized by smoothing wrinkle mechanism.
With reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the smoothing wrinkle mechanism of the present embodiment includes a pair transition roller 4 and the oscillating roller 5 being arranged between transition roller 4,
Transition roller 4 position is fixed, and oscillating roller 5 is arranged in swing arm 6, and swing arm 6 is permissible under the driving of wobble drive unit (not shown)
7 swinging around the shaft, the axis of rotating shaft 7 is parallel with barrier film width, i.e. the axis direction of rotating shaft 7 is perpendicular to the barrier film side of movement
To.Preferably, the pendulum angle a of swing arm 6 is 15 °.
The operating principle of smoothing wrinkle mechanism is: barrier film walks around transition roller 4, oscillating roller 5 and transition roller 4 successively, and swing arm 6 is swinging
7 swing around the shaft under the control of driver element, drive oscillating roller to press barrier film for 5 times when swing arm 6 swings, thus realize barrier film
The smoothing wrinkle on surface.Wobble drive unit can use the driver element that motor or cylinder etc. are conventional, as long as can realize driving pendulum
Arm waves.
Compared with existing masking technique, the barrier film preparation method of the present invention can realize once being coated with shaping, need not be to base material
Barrier film carries out pretreatment and reprocesses the film after coating, is effectively increased coating efficiency, and technical process is simple, and can criticize
Quantify to produce, the ultra-thin polyalkene diaphragm of the thinnest 3 μ m thick can be processed.
Embodiment 2
The HSV900 (PVDF homopolymer) of 6%wt content is added in NMP, open blender stirring 60min, make uniformly
Transparent solution a;
The LBG of 1%wt content is added in acetone, open blender stirring 60min, make the solution b of homogeneous transparent;
Solution a and solution b is added in agitator tank in the ratio of 1:20, stirs 30min, mixed solution;
The α phase aluminum oxide ceramic powder that weight is solution weight 5%wt, this ceramics is added in above-mentioned mixed solution
In material particle diameter distribution, 50% to add up diameter D50 be 0.4 μm, opens blender stirring 60min, stirs, then crosses 80 mesh sieves
Net, obtains ceramic size;
The above-mentioned ceramic size dip-coating formula membrane treatment machine prepared is coated in the polyethylene base material barrier film of 7 μ m thick
Going up and be dried, coating is dried, and coating layer thickness is 4 μm.
The lithium battery diaphragm prepared according to above step is a kind of mixing PVDF net containing aluminum oxide ceramic implant
Network shape dual coating barrier film, this lithium ion battery separator gross thickness is 9 μm, and wherein polyethylene film thickness is 5 μm, ceramic filler
Two-sided network-like coating layer thickness is 4 μm, and the aperture size average in coating network is about 5 μm.
Embodiment 3
21216 (the PVDF copolymer containing HFP) of 2%wt content is added in acetone, opens blender stirring 60min,
Make the solution of homogeneous transparent, seal and static 12~24h standby in 20~30 DEG C of environment;
The α phase aluminum oxide ceramic powder that weight is solution weight 8%wt, this ceramic powder is added in above-mentioned solution
In particle diameter distribution, 50% to add up diameter D50 be 0.1 μm;Open blender stirring 60min, stir, then cross 120 mesh sieves
Net, obtains ceramic size;
The ceramic size dip-coating formula membrane treatment machine prepared is coated on the polyethylene base material barrier film of 3 μ m thick also
Being dried, coating is dried, and coating layer thickness is 4 μm.
The lithium battery diaphragm prepared according to above step is that a kind of PVDF containing aluminum oxide ceramic implant is network-like
Dual coating barrier film, this lithium ion battery separator gross thickness is 7 μm, and wherein polyethylene film thickness is 3 μm, ceramic filler two-sided
Network-like coating layer thickness is 4 μm, and the aperture size average in coating network is about 5 μm.
Barrier film with the barrier film of ceramic size coated in above three embodiment Yu the uncoated ceramic size of same thickness
Carrying out thermal contraction test, barrier film thermal contraction testing procedure is: barrier film cuts into 140mm × 65mm specification, and measure length and
Width;The barrier film sample cut is sandwiched with two A4 blank sheet of paper neat, puts in 130 DEG C of baking boxs, stand 1h;Baking completes,
After cooling, measure length and width by Steel Ruler and calculate shrinkage factor;The computing formula of diaphragm retracts rate is: laterally (TD)=(baking
Width after width-baking before roasting) front width × 100% of/baking, longitudinally (MD)=(length after length-baking before baking)/baking
Front length × 100%.Shown in test result table 1, the barrier film of uncoated ceramic size prepare raw material and technique except uncoated
Prepare raw material with the barrier film of embodiment 1-3 outside ceramic size and technique is identical;
Table 1
The barrier film of coated ceramic size prepared by above three embodiment cuts with the barrier film of uncoated ceramic size
After, winding together with positive and negative plate and make battery core, the thick 2.9mm that battery core model is, wide 87mm, long 110mm, battery core is through supercool
The steps such as pressure, 60 DEG C of hot pressing, pack encapsulation, chemical conversion, 85 DEG C of hot pressing shapings, sealing, partial volumes, prepare battery.To prepare
The battery HV-1000 model durometer that uses Shenzhen Hao Xinda Instrument Ltd. to produce carry out barrier film hardness test, survey
Use the load on of 1kgf during examination, sample in multiple positions of battery surface, then average i.e. available hard
Degree test paper, takes the meansigma methods of 10 sampled points as hardness number at battery surface in this test.Test result such as table 2 institute
Show, the barrier film of uncoated ceramic size prepare raw material and technique in addition to uncoated ceramic size with the barrier film system of embodiment 1
Standby raw material and technique are identical;
Table 2
From Tables 1 and 2, the barrier film being coated with the network-like PVDF coating containing ceramic fillers possesses preferably heat receipts
The performance that shrinkage and opposing burr puncture, the battery using this kind of barrier film to prepare possesses more preferable hardness performance.
The barrier film that barrier film preparation method of the present invention prepares, owing to containing the ceramic fillers of higher proportion in barrier film, can have
Effect prevents pole piece or extraneous foreign body from barrier film piercing through the safety problem caused;And use the coating work of the pull-type dip-coating of innovation
Skill, containing the action cutting off membrane tension in this processing technology, can avoid base material barrier film is caused tensile failure, but also can
Release base material barrier film makes the residual stress that transportation causes, and can avoid the cell deformation that membrane tension causes, and promotes battery
Performance;Use the method for pull-type dip-coating to prepare coated on both sides barrier film only just can to complete through primary coating simultaneously, simplify
Technique, can obviously reduce cost, improves production efficiency.
Described above to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field be capable of or uses the present invention.
Multiple amendment to these embodiments will be apparent from for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can realize without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention
It is not intended to be limited to embodiment illustrated herein, and is to fit to consistent with principles disclosed herein and features of novelty
Widest range.