CN106096157B - A kind of axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor Calculation Method of Temperature Field - Google Patents

A kind of axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor Calculation Method of Temperature Field Download PDF

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CN106096157B
CN106096157B CN201610439958.XA CN201610439958A CN106096157B CN 106096157 B CN106096157 B CN 106096157B CN 201610439958 A CN201610439958 A CN 201610439958A CN 106096157 B CN106096157 B CN 106096157B
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temperature
flow
motor
cooling air
permanent magnet
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CN106096157A (en
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李斌
李桂丹
孙竟成
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Tianjin University
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F30/30—Circuit design
    • G06F30/36—Circuit design at the analogue level
    • G06F30/367—Design verification, e.g. using simulation, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis [SPICE], direct methods or relaxation methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor Calculation Method of Temperature Field, comprising: establishes the ther mal network of each component of motor respectively based on thermal conduction study；The ther mal network of each component is interconnected to constitute to the ther mal network model of entire motor self structure；Cooling air-flow in motor is modeled, cooling air-flow is modeled as the gas flow temperature of respective midpoint to be considered as the average temperature rising of air-flow if gas flow temperature changes linearly in end and rotor ventilation hole by the hot pressing source that cooling gas flow controls；By the hot pressing source for indicating cooling air-flow in conjunction with motor self structure ther mal network: column write modal equation and solve each node temperature.The present invention can obtain more accurate reasonable electric motor temperature fields.

Description

A kind of axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor Calculation Method of Temperature Field
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric motor temperature field estimated performance analysis fields, more particularly to one kind to be based on cooling medium and motor The ther mal network of self structure is combined as a whole the electric motor temperature field calculation method of model.
Background technique
For permanent magnet synchronous motor compared with traditional electro-magnetic motor, it is all to have that structure is simple, highly reliable, power density is high etc. More advantages, thus be widely used.However temperature is excessively high will lead to permanent-magnet material demagnetization, influence the efficiency of motor, service life and Reliability, so Temperature calculating is essential link during designing permanent-magnet synchronous motor.Calculating electric motor temperature field When, commonly use FInite Element and equivalent thermal network method.Finite element arithmetic result is accurate, but computationally intensive, and time-consuming, biggish Computation burden is unfavorable in Motor Optimizing Design large-scale use；Equivalent thermal network method has calculation amount small, time-consuming short feature, Although computational accuracy is without FInite Element height, computational accuracy is within the scope of acceptable, in motor temperature field computation Still there is important role in the middle.
Initial thermo network is to turn to grid for electric motor temperature field is discrete, and distribution parameter is converted to lumped parameter, structure At motor equivalent thermal network, the position flexible setting node and heat of temperature can be obtained according to the specific structure and expectation of motor The reasonability of resistance, network parameter setting directly affects the computational accuracy of motor temperature, needs and enriches reliable experience setting Hot line structure parameter can just obtain the analysis result for meeting engine request precision.Later T-type equivalent thermal network model is wide by scholar General application can realize heat axially and radially because the model indicates all parts of motor in the form of fixed hot road simultaneously Flow point analysis and temperature computation, can simplify the design process of network.Currently, motor equivalent thermal network model there are the problem of are as follows: It when establishing network, usually assumes that motor is axially in symmetrical structure, has ignored the axial temperature difference of cooling medium to electric motor temperature field point The influence of cloth, it is believed that motor temperature is symmetric with intermediate cross-section, this is in the biggish motor of cooling medium axial temperature difference It is unreasonable.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned ther mal network model to calculate deficiency existing for electric motor temperature field, heat supply network is improved Network model provides a kind of axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor Calculation Method of Temperature Field.The present invention is situated between by establishing in view of cooling The permanent magnet synchronous motor three-dimensional equivalent ther mal network model that the matter temperature difference influences, provides more accurate Calculation Method of Temperature Field.In order to Reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor Calculation Method of Temperature Field, including the following steps:
1) ther mal network of each component of motor is established respectively based on thermal conduction study, motor component includes shell, stator yoke, determines Air gap, permanent magnet, rotor yoke and shaft between sub- tooth, stator winding, winding overhang, rotor.
2) ther mal network of each component is interconnected to constitute to the ther mal network model of entire motor self structure.
3) cooling air-flow in motor is modeled, cooling air-flow is modeled as to the hot pressing controlled by cooling gas flow The gas flow temperature of respective midpoint is considered as air-flow if gas flow temperature changes linearly in end and rotor ventilation hole by source Average temperature rising:
1. cooling air-flow is flowed into from one side end of motor, sponge winding overhang by stator yoke, winding overhang, rotor yoke and The thermal power that permanent magnet is distributed by thermal convection, increases gas flow temperature, obtains first temperature rise value；
2. cooling air-flow sponges the partition losses of rotor yoke, elevate the temperature, obtains second temperature rise value；
3. cooling air-flow passes through heat by stator yoke, winding overhang, rotor yoke and permanent magnet what one side end of high temperature absorbed The thermal power that convection current distributes increases its temperature, obtains third temperature rise value.
Cooling air-flow is represented in the average temperature rising at three positions, in the form of hot pressing source with the temperature rise value at three above position It is indicated in ther mal network model.
4) will indicate the hot pressing source of cooling air-flow in conjunction with motor self structure ther mal network:
1. the hot pressing source that motor both side ends represent cooling air-flow pass through respectively a thermal-convection resistance and shell, stator yoke, Stator tooth, permanent magnet, rotor yoke, the side of shaft and winding overhang are connected；
2. representing the hot pressing source of cooling air-flow being averaged by a thermal-convection resistance and rotor yoke in rotor ventilation hole Temperature spot is connected, and ultimately forms complete axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor ther mal network model.
5) column write modal equation and solve each node temperature.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that:
(1) the passive ther mal network and ventilating system that the Three Dimensional Thermal network model established forms motor self structure are cooling Air-flow forms an entirety, can solve in same equation group, the available asymmetrical thermo parameters method of axial direction compensates for It is traditional using T-type ther mal network model foundation motor ther mal network method the shortcomings that.
(2) present invention is generally directed to the temperature of motor inner main component to be calculated, and shell, end cap and bearing is omitted Between complicated thermal connection, modeling and calculate simpler.
(3) modeling method of cooling air-flow is pervasive, can be flexibly applied to the motor temperature of more structure types In field computation.The mode of modeling is also varied, is not necessarily required to three node on behalf cooling air-flow temperature, can also be arranged More nodes represent cooling air-flow to obtain more accurate Temperature Distribution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the circle ring column structural schematic diagram and its corresponding (b) T-type equivalent heat in (a) permanent magnet synchronous motor motor Network model.
Fig. 2 is stator tooth ther mal network model schematic, and (a) is ther mal network, (b) is modular construction.
Fig. 3 is shell ther mal network model schematic, and (a) is ther mal network, (b) is modular construction.
Fig. 4 is shaft ther mal network model schematic, and (a) is ther mal network, (b) is modular construction.
Fig. 5 is stator winding ther mal network model schematic, and (a) is ther mal network, (b) is modular construction.
Fig. 6 is winding overhang ther mal network model schematic, and (a) is ther mal network, (b) is modular construction.
Fig. 7 air gap ther mal network model schematic between rotor, (a) are ther mal network, (b) are modular construction.
Fig. 8 is cooling air-flow temperature rise schematic diagram in permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Fig. 9 is permanent magnet synchronous motor Three Dimensional Thermal network model.
Figure 10 is ventilation hole velocity vector figure.
Figure 11 is ventilation hole cooling air-flow temperature profile.
Figure 12 is that (a) is to have cooling air-flow rotor Temperature Distribution and (b) for no cooling air-flow rotor temperature point The comparison of cloth.
Figure 13 is the temperature profile of motor stator.
Figure 14 is ther mal network model solution result compared with FEM Numerical Simulation.In every group of histogram, intermediate column Shape figure is network query function value, and the histogram on both sides is respectively to emulate minimum value and maximum value.
Specific embodiment
The invention firstly uses MATLAB software programming programs to establish permanent magnet synchronous motor Three Dimensional Thermal network model, to network It is solved, obtains axial asymmetrical thermo parameters method.Then temperature field is carried out using finite element software and fluid field couples Emulation, solution obtain the Temperature Distribution of cooling air-flow and the Temperature Distribution of each component of motor, compare that the two obtains as a result, card The correctness and feasibility of cooling-fan installation model and entire Three Dimensional Thermal network model is illustrated.
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further described.Specific implementation step of the invention is as follows:
1) permanent magnet synchronous motor Three Dimensional Thermal network model is divided into two, respectively to cooling medium and motor self structure into Row modeling.
2) motor is divided into shell, stator yoke, stator tooth, stator winding, winding according to the architectural characteristic of each component of motor 9 parts of air gap are divided into three groups between end, permanent magnet, rotor yoke, shaft rotor, wherein stator yoke, rotor yoke first Group；Permanent magnet, stator tooth are second group；Air gap is third group between shell, shaft, stator winding, winding overhang and rotor.
3) stator yoke in first group, rotor yoke are accordingly to be regarded as the annulus main structure of standard, can use T as shown in Figure 1 Type equivalent network indicates that the calculation formula of each thermal resistance is as follows:
In formula: kr and ka is the radial and axial thermal conductivity of circle ring column (W/ (m DEG C) respectively；In Fig. 1: l is axial long Degree；r1, r2It is outer toroid radius and interior annular radius respectively；TAxial, left, TAxial, rightThe temperature in respectively axial two sections Degree；TRadial, in, TRadial, outThe respectively temperature on inner ring and outer rings surface；TmIndicate the mean temperature of entire cylinder；P is the column The heat power of body.
4) stator tooth in second group and permanent magnet are not circle ring column, with the method for equivalent cross-sectional area area above public Multiplied by a coefficient on the basis of formula, formula form is as follows:
In formula: RcylindricalFor the thermal resistance that permanent magnet and stator tooth are obtained according to the calculation formula of circle ring column； ScylindricalTo assign permanent magnet and stator tooth as circle ring column, with their the counted cross-sectional area of inner and outer ring radius； SrealFor the respective actual cross-sectional area of permanent magnet and stator tooth.The formula is actually similar with the definition of resistance, conductor Cross-sectional area is bigger, and resistance is smaller.
As an example by stator tooth, the calculating of stator teeth size as shown in Figure 2, six thermal resistances of T-type equivalent network is public Formula is as follows:
In formula, φpFor angular pitch, φeFor the angle of single tooth, as shown in the figure.
5) shell, shaft, stator winding and the winding overhang in third group, gap structure is special between rotor, divides below This five part ther mal network establishment processes are not provided:
(1) shell: as shown in figure 3, representing two thermal resistance R of shell1,R2, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: α is the convection transfer rate of shell and outside air；S is shell and extraneous contact area；hcFor contact Thermal resistivity.
(2) shaft: empty calory generates inside shaft, its thermal resistance network is designed as shown in Fig. 4, and l is shaft and turns in figure The axial length of son contact, laThe half of axial length is contacted for shaft and end air gap.R3Contact heat for shaft with rotor yoke Resistance, R4, R5Contain radial boundary between shaft mean temperature point thermal resistance, mean temperature point to axial boundary (herein for turn The midpoint of axis and end air gap contact surface axial direction) thermal resistance, axial boundary and end gas thermal-convection resistance.
Three thermal resistance calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: α is the convection transfer rate of shaft and edge air；K is the coefficient of heat conduction of shaft；hcFor thermal contact resistance Coefficient.
(3) stator winding: stator winding actually consists of three parts: copper conductor, conductor insulation paint, stator tooth surface Insulating layer, it is assumed that both in addition only copper conductor carries out axial heat conduction, only carries out radial heat transfer, conductor and stator tooth, stator yoke, The ratio between contact area of air gap is defined as 2:1:1 according to the actual situation, and conductor radial heat-transfer coefficient is rule of thumb defined as one The product of thermal coefficient F and conductor insulation paint thermal coefficient.Its ther mal network model as shown in figure 5, four thermal resistance calculation formula such as Under:
In formula: diFor the thickness of insulating layer of conductor；kvFor the thermal coefficient of insulating layer of conductor；kiFor tooth socket inner insulating layer Thermal coefficient；rwFor the equivalent redius of conductor；L is conductor length；F is conductor radial direction thermal coefficient；N is slot number；AcFor conductor Cross-sectional area；kcFor the thermal conductivity of copper conductor.
(4) winding overhang: winding overhang is considered as shown in fig. 6, being made of ring structure and 36 cylindrical body two parts, ring Shape structure represents the insulation of the conductor and conductor of winding overhang, and 36 cylindrical bodies represent stator winding overhanging portion.Assuming that the ring The mean temperature node of shape structure and 36 cylindrical bodies is the same node, and the copper loss generated inside the two is uniformly distributed.Figure In three thermal resistance calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula: radius R is considered as the mean radius of stator slot；reFor the radius in winding overhang section；rwFor hanging conductor etc. Imitate radius；AcPlane of structure product is cut for conductor；diFor the thickness of insulating layer of conductor；N is slot number；F is conductor radial direction thermal coefficient；kv For the thermal coefficient of insulating layer of conductor；kcFor the thermal conductivity of copper conductor.
(5) air gap between rotor: air gap connecting stator tooth, stator winding and permanent magnet between rotor, three thermal resistances by Convection transfer rate at air gap determines.Its network model is as shown in fig. 7, three thermal resistance calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: φpFor angular pitch；φeFor the angle of single tooth；r1For stator tooth inside radius；r2For permanent magnet outer radius；hr For air gap convection transfer rate；L is the axial length of air gap.
So far, the ther mal network model foundation of all components is completed, and connects all parts, forms motor itself solid structure The addition of concatenated thermal resistance is merged into one as far as possible, simplifies the number of nodes and circuitry number of ther mal network by ther mal network.
6) cooling air-flow can be modeled as the hot pressing source controlled by cooling gas flow, be formed with the flow control voltage source in circuit Analogy.Fig. 8 illustrates the temperature rise of cooling air-flow in permanent magnet synchronous motor, it is assumed that gas flow temperature is in end and rotor ventilation hole Linear change, therefore the temperature of respective midpoint is considered as the mean temperature of air-flow.Cooling air-flow is flowed from one side end of motor Enter, sponges the thermal power P that winding overhang is distributed by stator yoke, winding overhang, rotor yoke and permanent magnet by thermal convectionec1, make Gas flow temperature increases, temperature rise are as follows:
θ1end=Pec1/(ρcpQ)=2RqPec1 (1)
Wherein RqDimension with thermal resistance, expression formula are as follows:
Rq=1/ (2 ρ cpq) (2)
In formula: ρ is gas density (kg/m3)；cpFor gas heat capacity (J/kgK)；Q is air velocity (m3/s).
Each spot temperature linear rise, low temperature side gas average temperature rising:
θ1=θ1end/ 2=RqPec1 (3)
Cooling air-flow sponges the partition losses P of rotor yokeyr, it elevates the temperature:
θ2end-θ1end=Pyr/(ρcpq) (4)
(1), (2) two formulas are substituted into (4) formula, are obtained:
θ2end=2RqPec1+2RqPyr (5)
With θ1Algorithm it is similar, respectively obtain in rotor ventilation hole and the average temperature rising θ of one side end cooling air-flow of high temperature2 With θ3:
θ2=(θ1end+θ2end)/2=Rq(2Pec1+Pyr) (6)
θ3=Rq(2Pec1+2Pyr+Pec2) (7)
In formula: Pec2For cooling air-flow one side end of high temperature absorb by stator yoke, winding overhang, rotor yoke and permanent magnetism The thermal power that body is distributed by thermal convection.Cooling-fan installation is established as described above, indicating cooling air-flow with three nodes.Class The flow control voltage source being similar in circuit, cooling air-flow here are expressed as the hot pressing positioned at three nodes of gas flow q control Source.
7) expression formula for having obtained three hot pressing sources can establish complete permanent magnet synchronous motor Three Dimensional Thermal network model, As shown in Figure 9.It should be noted that in the ther mal network model that cooling air-flow is added that equation form is as follows there are hot pressing source when solving network:
In formula: θ is node temperature rise column vector；G is node thermal admittance matrix；Pcf=[Pec1 Pyr Pec2]TTo flow into three The hot-fluid column vector of hot pressing source anode；P=[P4 P5 … P22]THot-fluid column vector is injected for node, wherein grayed-out nodes are to be somebody's turn to do The hot merit rate score of position injection, dark node do not have power injection, and value is 0.
The expression formula of thermal admittance matrix is as follows:
In formula: n is the number of nodes of ther mal network, is herein 22；1/Ri,jFor the thermal conductivity between node i and node j.In formula (8) Hot-fluid column vector PcfIn there are three unknown quantity, need additionally to supplement three equations and can just acquire and determine solution, cooling air-flow will be described As additional three equations, matrix form is as follows for formula (3), (6), (7) three formulas:
It writes a Chinese character in simplified form are as follows:
θcf=Rq·Pcf (11)
(11) formula is substituted into (8) formula, is obtained:
It transplants and merges similar terms and obtain the temperature rise of each node of ther mal network:
So far, axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor Three Dimensional Thermal network model establish complete, establish description admittance matrix, The modal equation of relationship between network node temperature, cooling air-flow temperature has obtained axial asymmetrical Temperature Distribution.
8) finite element simulation is carried out using finite element emulation software.Motor model is 3000r/min, and 2 pairs of poles, surface-mount type is forever Magnetic-synchro motor, rotor are equipped with axial ventilation hole, and there are axial cooling-fan installations.Following hypothesis is done in simulation process: cooling The air-flow only inflow and outflow out of rotor ventilation hole, without air gap between rotor, each component generates in motor even heat It is distributed among solid and ignores air gap wind frictional dissipation, the following table 1 is the thermal force that each position applies.
Each component of table 1 applies thermal force
9) coupled field of 1/8th Model Fluid field and temperature field of permanent magnet synchronous motor is established.Simulation result is obtained as schemed 10 to shown in Figure 13.
10) solving result of Three Dimensional Thermal network model is compared with the result that Finite Element Coupling emulates, is such as schemed Shown in 14, the two result is very close.It has been well demonstrated that cooling-fan installation model and entire Three Dimensional Thermal network model Feasibility.Some helps can be provided in the process of optimization of motor.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor Calculation Method of Temperature Field, including the following steps:
1) ther mal network of each component of motor is established respectively based on thermal conduction study, motor component includes shell, stator yoke, stator Air gap, permanent magnet, rotor yoke and shaft between tooth, stator winding, winding overhang, rotor;
2) ther mal network of each component is interconnected to constitute to the ther mal network model of entire motor self structure；
3) cooling air-flow in motor is modeled, cooling air-flow is modeled as to the hot pressing source controlled by cooling gas flow, if Gas flow temperature changes linearly in end and rotor ventilation hole, and the gas flow temperature of respective midpoint is considered as being averaged for air-flow Temperature rise:
1. cooling air-flow is flowed into from one side end of motor, winding overhang is sponged by stator yoke, winding overhang, rotor yoke and permanent magnetism The thermal power that body is distributed by thermal convection, increases gas flow temperature, obtains first temperature rise value；
2. cooling air-flow sponges the partition losses of rotor yoke, elevate the temperature, obtains second temperature rise value；
3. cooling air-flow passes through thermal convection by stator yoke, winding overhang, rotor yoke and permanent magnet what one side end of high temperature absorbed The thermal power distributed increases its temperature, obtains third temperature rise value；
Cooling air-flow is represented in the average temperature rising at three positions, in heat in the form of hot pressing source with the temperature rise value at three above position It is indicated in network model；
4) will indicate the hot pressing source of cooling air-flow in conjunction with motor self structure ther mal network:
1. the hot pressing source that motor both side ends represent cooling air-flow passes through a thermal-convection resistance and shell, stator yoke, stator respectively Tooth, permanent magnet, rotor yoke, the side of shaft and winding overhang are connected；
2. the hot pressing source for representing cooling air-flow in rotor ventilation hole passes through the mean temperature of a thermal-convection resistance and rotor yoke Point is connected, and ultimately forms complete axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor ther mal network model；
5) column write modal equation and solve each node temperature.
CN201610439958.XA 2016-06-15 2016-06-15 A kind of axial ventilation permanent magnet synchronous motor Calculation Method of Temperature Field Expired - Fee Related CN106096157B (en)

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CN107291970A (en) * 2016-12-19 2017-10-24 沈阳工业大学 A kind of computational methods in air to air cooling middle size motor temperature field
CN109738704A (en) * 2018-12-15 2019-05-10 上海工程技术大学 A kind of external rotor permanent magnet hub motor permanent magnet loss acquisition methods
CN109753737B (en) * 2019-01-10 2020-07-10 湖南科技大学 Stator winding air gap modeling method for alternating-current traction motor temperature field analysis
CN110532633B (en) * 2019-08-02 2021-06-18 大连理工大学 Permanent magnet coupler thermal analysis method based on equivalent thermal network

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JP2011065238A (en) * 2009-09-15 2011-03-31 Ecogold Co Ltd In-structure temperature calculation method and program for executing the calculation method
CN102592024A (en) * 2012-01-06 2012-07-18 北京航空航天大学 Heat-network modeling method for determining maximum value of steady-state temperature of heat conduction in radial direction
CN102867088A (en) * 2012-09-12 2013-01-09 西安交通大学 Thermal network modeling method applied to electric spindle steady temperature field
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