CN106094315B - Display device with polymer dispersed liquid crystals - Google Patents
Display device with polymer dispersed liquid crystals Download PDFInfo
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- CN106094315B CN106094315B CN201610282501.2A CN201610282501A CN106094315B CN 106094315 B CN106094315 B CN 106094315B CN 201610282501 A CN201610282501 A CN 201610282501A CN 106094315 B CN106094315 B CN 106094315B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
- G02F1/133555—Transflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13476—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer assumes a scattering state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
- G02F1/13347—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals working in reverse mode, i.e. clear in the off-state and scattering in the on-state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
- G02F1/133555—Transflectors
- G02F1/133557—Half-mirrors
Abstract
Display device with polymer dispersed liquid crystals.A kind of display device is disclosed, the display device includes viewing area, which is had the appearance of particular color under non-driven state or shown specific picture by using PDLC, to improve such as the aesthetic appearance in household electrical appliances.The display device includes reflection dispersion layer, and the reflection dispersion layer is arranged on a display panel, wherein the reflection dispersion layer includes: PDLC layer, and the PDLC layer is between first substrate and the second substrate；And transflection layer, the transflection layer are disposed between PDLC layer and the second substrate, to carry out transmission to the light from the display panel to external emission and reflect from external incident light.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of display devices.It is more particularly related to which a kind of have polymer dispersed liquid crystals
(PDLC) display device.
Background technique
With the progress of information age, the display field for being visibly displayed electric signal is rapidly developed.Response
In this trend, the various panel display apparatus with such as slim, light-weight and low-power consumption excellent performance have been developed
To replace existing cathode-ray tube (CRT).
Panel display apparatus may include liquid crystal display (LCD) device, organic light emitting display (OLED) device, electrophoresis showed
(EPD, electronic paper display) device, plasma display panel (PDP) device, field emission display (FED) device, electroluminescent are aobvious
Show (ELD) device and wet display (EWD) device of electricity.
In driving period, the panel display apparatus of the prior art shows image in the display area, while being directed to each pixel
Emit the light with certain luminance and particular color.However, the panel display apparatus of the prior art passes through aobvious in non-driven period
Show that area shows black.In this way, in the panel display apparatus of the prior art, since viewing area is in the electric power not provided
Black is kept under non-driven state, therefore the bad problem of (such as household electrical appliances) aesthetic feeling occurs.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention is directed to a kind of display device, which substantially eliminates due to limitations and shortcomings of the prior art
Caused one or more problems.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a kind of display device, which includes having the appearance or i.e. of particular color
Make to show the viewing area of specific picture also by polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) is used during non-driven state, to improve
Such as the aesthetic feeling in household electrical appliances.
Additional feature and advantage of the invention will be set forth in the description that follows, and part of it will according to description
Become more fully apparent, or can practice through the invention understand.It will be by being wanted in the specification and its right write
Ask and attached drawing in the structure that particularly points out objectives and other advantages of the present invention are achieved and obtained.
In order to realize these and other advantage and purpose according to the present invention, such as description embodied herein and extensive
, the display device according to the present invention with polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) includes: reflection dispersion layer, the reflection dispersion
Layer is arranged on said display panel, wherein the reflection dispersion layer includes: PDLC layer, and the PDLC layer is positioned at described the
Between one substrate and the second substrate；And transflection layer, the transflection layer are disposed in the PDLC layer and second base
Between plate, to carry out transmission to the light from the display panel to external emission and reflect from external incident light.
It should be understood that aforementioned general description of the invention and following detailed descriptions be all it is exemplary and explanatory,
And it is intended to provide further explanation to the claimed invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is included to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and is integrated into the application and constitutes the application
A part, it is described that accompanying drawing shows embodiment of the present invention and is used to explain the principle of the present invention together with specification.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view for showing liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view for showing liquid crystal display panel shown in FIG. 1；
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view for showing PDLC layer shown in FIG. 1；
Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B and Fig. 4 C are the cross-sectional views for showing the PDLC layer of the variation example according to Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is to show the schematic diagram for driving liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1 in the first pattern；
Fig. 6 is to show the schematic diagram for driving liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1 in a second mode；
Fig. 7 is to show the schematic diagram for driving liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1 in a third mode；
Fig. 8 is the perspective view for showing liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the perspective view according to the liquid crystal display device of the variation example of Fig. 8；
Figure 10 is the cross-sectional view for showing liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 8；
Figure 11 is to show the schematic diagram for driving liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 10 in a display format；
Figure 12 is to show the schematic diagram that liquid crystal display device shown in Figure 11 is driven with white mode；
Figure 13 A, Figure 13 B and Figure 13 C are to show the first electrode 450 of composition according to the present invention and showing for second electrode 420
Example diagram；And
Figure 14 is the exemplary diagram shown using portable electronic device of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Term disclosed in the present specification should understand as follows.
If be not specifically defined within a context, the term of odd number expression should be read to include plural number expression and list
Number expression.Such as term of " first " and " second " is only used for other elements mutually distinguishing an element.Therefore, claim
Range be not limited by these terms.However, it should be understood that such as term of " comprising " or " having " is not precluded
One or more features, quantity, step, operation, element, component or their combination there is a possibility that or.It should be understood that
, term "at least one" includes all combinations relevant to any one.For example, " the first element, second element and third
At least one of element " may include two or more yuan selected from the first element, second element and third element
Each of all combinations of element and the first element, second element and third element element.In addition, if referring to first yuan
Element be positioned in second element " above ", then it should be understood that the first element and second element can be in contact with each other, or
Third element can be inserted between the first element and second element.
Hereinafter, it will be described in detail by referring to the drawings according to the present invention, with polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC)
The embodiment of display device.
It, can be based on flat display apparatus (such as liquid crystal display (LCD) device, field emission display (FED) dress as reference
It sets, plasma display panel (PDP) device, organic light emitting display (OLED) device and electrophoretic display device (EPD) (EPD) Lai Shixian
Display device of the invention.In the following embodiments, although liquid crystal display device showing as panel display apparatus will be described
Example, it is noted that display device of the invention is not limited to liquid crystal display device.
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view for showing liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 2 is to show figure
The cross-sectional view of liquid crystal display panel shown in 1.Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view for showing PDLC layer shown in FIG. 1.
With reference to Fig. 1, liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes liquid crystal display panel 100 and anti-
Penetrate dispersion layer 400.Reflection dispersion layer 400 is disposed on liquid crystal display panel 100.Reflecting dispersion layer 400 includes: PDLC layer
410 and transflection layer 460.Transflection layer 460 is disposed in 410 lower section of PDLC layer, to from liquid crystal display panel 100 to external emission
Light carry out transmission and reflect from external incident light.
In more detail, liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention include liquid crystal display panel 100,
Transflection layer 460, PDLC layer 410, back light unit 200, the first polarization layer 520 and the second polarization layer 510.
Liquid crystal display panel 100 limits multiple pixel regions corresponding with multiple pixels, and described more by controlling
The light transmission of each of a pixel region shows image.Transflection layer 460 is formed in the top of liquid crystal display panel 100,
To carry out transmission to the light from liquid crystal display panel 100 to external emission and to the light for being externally entering liquid crystal display panel 100
It is reflected.PDLC layer 410 is formed, on transflection layer 460 selectively to disperse the light of external emission.200 quilt of back light unit
It is arranged in the lower section of liquid crystal display panel 100, with towards 100 irradiation light of liquid crystal display panel.First polarization layer 520 is disposed in liquid
Between LCD panel 100 and back light unit 200, to be polarized to the light irradiated from back light unit 200.Second polarization layer
510 are disposed between liquid crystal display panel 100 and transflector layer 460, to carry out to the light emitted from liquid crystal display panel 100
Polarization.
With reference to Fig. 2, liquid crystal display panel 100 includes lower substrate 110 and upper substrate 120 facing with each other, and is formed in
The first liquid crystal layer 130 between lower substrate 110 and upper substrate 120.In the case, the restriction of lower substrate 110 corresponds respectively to more
Multiple pixel regions of a pixel, and be provided with and be arranged to multiple thin film transistor (TFT)s corresponding with multiple pixels.Therefore, the lower base
Bottom 110 is referred to alternatively as thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT) array substrate.Transmission and multiple pictures are arranged to since upper substrate 120 is provided with
The chromatic filter layer of the light of the corresponding wavelength region of color of each of plain area pixel, therefore upper substrate 120 is referred to alternatively as
Colored filter (CF) array substrate.Liquid crystal display panel 100 can be driven with vertical electric field mode or horizontal electric field mode.
Transflection layer 460 is formed with the structure that thin prism film (not shown) and reflective polarizer films (not shown) are interconnected, and
And which has been formed the light on the surface on prism mountain to reflect to entering, but to entering the wherein surface on not formed prism mountain
Light is transmitted.460 pairs of transflection layer from liquid crystal display panel 100 to external emission and by the second polarization plates 510 polarize
Light is transmitted.That is, 460 pairs of transflection layer is transmitted from liquid crystal display panel 100 to the specified light in outside, and to from outside
Light into liquid crystal display panel 100 is reflected.
The thin prism film of transflection layer 460 is put down in one direction with triangular prism on it (corresponding on above-mentioned " prism mountain ")
One surface of row arrangement and another surface for being joined to reflective polarizer films.Reflective polarizer films can be by several hundred layers for overlapping each other
Multilayer optical film composition, with several hundred microns thickness and their own refractive index it is different from each other.Reflective polarizer films
With the reflectivity for the light polarized in one direction and for the transmissivity of the light polarized in another direction.At this point,
It can be reflected and be transmitted again by the light for being modified to polarize in another direction by the light that reflective polarizer films reflect, by
This, the amount of the light transmitted by transflection layer 460 can increase.Transflection layer 460 can be formed by polyester material and serve as reflection
Mirror.It can be used as the double brightness enhancement films (DBEF) being manufactured and sold by by 3M company according to an exemplary transflection layer 460.In addition,
Transflection layer 460 can be made of the metal layer of such as Al, Ag and Cr.In addition, transflection layer 460 can be by with polarization characteristic
Ag- coating electric wire layer composition.Transflection layer 460 formed as described above can serve as second electrode 420, the second electrode
The lower driving electrodes of 420PDLC layer 410.
With reference to Fig. 3, as described above, reflection dispersion layer 400 includes PDLC layer 410 and transflection layer 460,460 quilt of transflection layer
410 lower section of PDLC layer is arranged in transmit and enter to from outside to the light from liquid crystal display panel 100 to external emission
The light penetrated is reflected.As reference, because transflection layer 460 serves as second electrode 420, the transflection is not shown in Fig. 3
Layer 460.
Reflecting dispersion layer 400 includes first substrate 440 and the second substrate 430 facing with each other, the on first substrate 440
Second electrode 420 on one electrode 450 and the second substrate 430.In this case, 420 quilt of first electrode 450 and second electrode
It is arranged to facing with each other.PDLC layer 410 is arranged between first electrode 450 and second electrode the 420th.PDLC layer 410 includes
The second packed liquid crystal layer 320.Second liquid crystal layer 320 includes at least one encapsulated liquid crystal 321 and filled layer 322.Filled layer
322 are formed by polyme to surround simultaneously encapsulated liquid crystal 321.Second liquid crystal layer 320 can be formed in the following manner: in the first electricity
The mixture of UV cured polymer monomer and encapsulated liquid crystal 321 is capable of in pole 450 and the injection therebetween of second electrode 420, is led to
The mutually separation of overexposure light-output liquid crystal and polymer, and encapsulated liquid crystal 321.
Because not forming specific aligning direction in encapsulation (capsule), the liquid crystal 321 of at least one encapsulation is
It is arranged at random with its original state.Into original state second liquid crystal layer 320 light by being arranged at random in encapsulation
Specific refractivity between encapsulated liquid crystal 321 and encapsulated liquid crystal 321 and filled layer 322 is dispersed.Hereinafter, it is driven
To allow the PDLC layer of 320 dispersed light of the second liquid crystal layer that will be referred to as " PDLC layer 410 of decentralized model ".
However, if generating voltage difference between first electrode 450 and second electrode 420, in first electrode 450 and second
Scheduled electric field is formed between electrode 420, and the encapsulated liquid crystal 321 randomly arranged with original state passes through first electrode
Electric field between 450 and second electrode 420 is aligned in one direction, thus as it is into the light of the second liquid crystal layer 320
It is transmitted.Hereinafter, it is actuated to that the PDLC layer 410 of 320 transmitted light of the second liquid crystal layer is allowed to will be called " transmission mode
PDLC layer 410 ".Further, since forming electric field between first electrode 450 and second electrode 420, therefore the PDLC of transmission mode
Layer 410 can indicate open state, and the PDLC layer 420 of decentralized model can indicate off state.
In Fig. 3, serve as the transflection layer of second electrode 420 preferably by as reflecting material metal layer (such as Al, Ag and
Cr it) is made.In the present invention, transflector layer cannot be arranged to drive PDLC layer 410 first electrode 450 and second electrode
420 is separately positioned, is advantageous in that simplifies structure of the invention as a result,.
However, transflection layer can be separately positioned with second electrode 420.That is, as shown in Figure 4 A, transflection layer 460 can be by cloth
It sets between PDLC layer 410 and second electrode 420.In addition, as shown in Figure 4 B, transflection layer 460 can be disposed in second electrode
Between 420 and the second substrate 430.In addition, as shown in Figure 4 C, transflection layer 460 can be disposed in below the second substrate 430.By
In on the outer surface that transflection layer 460 can be applied directly on PDLC layer 410 or be deposited on PDLC layer 410, therefore, benefit
It is that liquid crystal display device according to the present invention can be manufactured and be realized with various types.
As described above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes liquid crystal display panel 100,460 and of transflection layer
The liquid crystal display device of PDLC layer 410 can in a display format (hereinafter referred to as " first mode "), mirror-mode (
Hereinafter referred to as " second mode ") and skin mode (hereinafter referred to as " the third mode ") driving, in display pattern,
Image corresponding with picture signal is shown in the display area, and in mirror-mode, the exterior light reflected by transflection layer 460 is saturating
The PDLC layer 410 of emission mode transmits, to allow the outside of display device to occur in the display area, in skin mode, by transflection
The exterior light of 460 reflection of layer is by the PDLC layer dispersion of decentralized model to allow viewing area to have white.
Hereinafter, liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 5 to Fig. 7
First mode to the third mode driving.
Fig. 5 is to show the schematic diagram for driving liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1 in the first pattern, and Fig. 6 is shown with second
The schematic diagram of mode activated liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 1, and Fig. 7 is to show to drive liquid shown in FIG. 1 in a third mode
The schematic diagram of crystal device.
Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 shows positioned at 410 lower section of PDLC layer, isolated with second electrode 420 transflection layer 460.Institute as above
It states, liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention can drive with first to the third mode.
[table 1]
| First mode (Fig. 5) | Second mode (Fig. 6) | The third mode (Fig. 7) | |
| Liquid crystal display panel | It opens | Shutdown | Shutdown |
| PDLC layer | It opens | It opens | Shutdown |
| Display screen | Image is shown | Mirror-state | White states |
As shown in table 1, first embodiment according to the present invention, when liquid crystal display panel 100 and PDLC410 layers are opened
When, the liquid crystal display device of first mode shows image corresponding with picture signal in the display area.
As shown in figure 5, when the liquid crystal display panel 100 under open state emits for displaying images smooth, using from
The light that back light unit 200 irradiates drives the liquid crystal display device of first mode.
That is, being irradiated from back light unit 200 and inclined by the first polarization layer 520 in the liquid crystal display device of first mode
The light of vibration enters in the liquid crystal display panel 100 of open state, and the liquid crystal display panel 100 under open state passes through control
The multiple pixel region each of light transmission emit light for displaying images.460 pairs of transflection layer is from liquid crystal
Display panel 100 emits and is transmitted by the light that the first polarization layer 520 polarizes, and is existed with wherein encapsulated liquid crystal 321
The transmission mode being aligned in one side drives the PDLC layer 410 under open state.Therefore, drive transflection layer 460 to pass through
It transmits and launches outward incident light and show image in the display area.
On the contrary, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, second mode and third mould are driven using the exterior light reflected by transflection layer 460
The liquid crystal display device of formula, because the liquid crystal display panel 100 under off state does not emit light for displaying images.
That is, as shown in fig. 6, transflection layer 460 reflects exterior light, and in the liquid crystal display device of second mode with saturating
Emission mode drives the PDLC layer 410 under open state, to be transmitted and allowed to the light 460 reflected by transflection layer outward
Portion emits transmitted light, drives the viewing area as the reflecting mirror for being reflected the external world as a result,.
Also, as shown in fig. 7,460 pairs of exterior light of transflection layer reflect in the liquid crystal display device of the third mode,
And the PDLC layer 410 under off state is driven, according to the decentralized model that encapsulated liquid crystal 321 is randomly disposed with to passing through
The light that transflection layer 460 reflects is dispersed, and thus viewing area has opaque white.At this point, due to liquid crystal display panel 100
It is in PDLC layer 410 under the off state of the electric field without formation for being directed at liquid crystal, therefore does not need driving voltage.
That is, the liquid crystal display device of the third mode is corresponding with without the non-driven state for consuming individual voltage, and have white
The viewing area of color.
As described above, in the liquid crystal display device of the first real mode according to the present invention, even if due to not providing list
Viewing area also has the appearance of white under the non-driven state of only power supply, thus, for example the aesthetic effect in household electrical appliances is available
Improve.
Meanwhile in first embodiment as described above, the 40% of external incident light is equivalent to due to 460 pairs of transflection layer
Light transmitted, therefore during second mode and the third mode improve viewing area brightness in terms of exist limitation.Therefore,
In the display device of second embodiment of the present invention, the brightness of viewing area increases during second mode and the third mode
?.
Fig. 8 is the perspective view for showing liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 9 is according to Fig. 8
Variation example liquid crystal display device perspective view.Figure 10 is the cross-sectional view for showing liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 8.
Referring to Fig. 8 and Figure 10, other than the liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 1, the second embodiment party according to the present invention
The liquid crystal display device of formula further comprises polarization control panel 600, the first reflective polarizer films 610 and the second reflective polarizer films
620.Polarization control panel 600 is disposed in reflection point and spreads between layer 400 and liquid crystal display panel 100, and controls and come from liquid
The polarization direction of the light of LCD panel 100.In this second embodiment, it will be replaced and the first embodiment party with the description of front
The description of the identical element of element in formula.
Polarization control panel 600 includes on third substrate 630 and tetrabasal 640, third substrate 630 facing with each other
The third between the 4th electrode 645 and third electrode 635 and the 4th electrode 645 on third electrode 635, tetrabasal 640
Liquid crystal layer 650.
First reflective polarizer films 610 are located between third substrate 630 and reflection dispersion layer 400.Second reflective polarizer films 620
Between tetrabasal 640 and liquid crystal display panel 100.In this case, the second reflective polarizer films 620 can serve as
The second polarization layer 510 being disposed in first embodiment on liquid crystal display panel 100.Due to the second reflective polarizer films 620
The second polarization layer 510 is served as, therefore, the second polarization layer 510 is not shown in figs. 8 and 9.
Therefore, it can simplify structure of the invention.
The polarization direction of light of the control of polarization control panel 600 from liquid crystal display panel 100.Polarization control panel 600
So that being passed through as it is from the first extraneous linearly polarized photon or first linearly polarized photon being converted to second linearly
Polarised light (or circularly polarized light).For example, the first linearly polarized photon indicates the light vibrated in the Z-axis direction, and second is linear inclined
The light that vibration light representations are being vibrated in the X-axis direction simultaneously.Hereinafter, polarization control panel 600 is made from outer
The state that first linearly polarized photon on boundary passes through as it is is defined as transmission mode, and should by polarization control panel
The state that first linearly polarized photon is converted to the second linearly polarized photon is defined as mask pattern.
Reflective polarizer films substantially have orthogonal transmission axle (transmission axis) and axis of reflection.Therefore,
Although the polarised light vibrated on the direction parallel with transmission axle can penetrate reflective polarizer films, parallel with axis of reflection
The polarised light vibrated on direction is reflected from the reflective polarizer films.As according to an exemplary reflective polarizer films, can be used
Double brightness enhancement films (DBEF), wire-grid polarizer (WGP) or TiO2 multilayer film.
Meanwhile the first reflective polarizer films 610 according to the second embodiment of the present invention and the second reflective polarizer films 620 can
With with mutually the same or perpendicular to one another transmission axle, as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.That is, as shown in figure 8, the first reflective polarizer films
610 transmission axle and can be parallel to each other with the transmission axle of the second reflective polarizer films 620.As shown in figure 9, the first reflective polarizer films
The transmission axle of 610 transmission axle and the second reflective polarizer films 620 can be perpendicular to one another.
Hereinafter, driving liquid crystal according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to figures 11 to Figure 12
The method of showing device.
Figure 11 is to show the schematic diagram for driving liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 10 in a display format.Figure 12 is shown with white
Color pattern drives the schematic diagram of liquid crystal display device shown in Figure 11.
Second embodiment according to the present invention, when liquid crystal display panel 100 and PDLC410 layers of unlatching, display pattern
Liquid crystal display device show image corresponding with picture signal in the display area.
If the light transmission shaft of the transmission axle of the first reflective polarizer films 610 and the second reflective polarizer films 620 be it is parallel to each other,
Polarization control panel 600 is then driven in the transmission mode, and the light from liquid crystal display panel 100 is penetrated as it is.More
In detail, when the liquid crystal display panel 100 under open state emits for displaying images smooth, using from back light unit
The light of 200 irradiations drive the liquid crystal display device of display pattern.
That is, in liquid crystal display device under display pattern in Figure 11, irradiated from back light unit 200 and by first partially
The light that vibration layer 520 polarizes enters in the liquid crystal display panel 100 under open state, and the liquid crystal display panel under open state
100 emit light for displaying images by controlling the light transmission of each of the multiple pixel region.Polarization Control
Panel 600 is transmitted to from the transmitting of liquid crystal display panel 100 and by the light of the second reflective polarizer films 620 polarization, and
Have been transmitted through the first reflective polarizer films of light transmission 610 of polarization control panel 600.460 pairs of transflection layer have been transmitted through the first reflection
The light of polarizing coating 610 is transmitted, and is driven under open state with transmission mode that liquid crystal 321 is aligned in one direction
PDLC layer 410, with the light transmitted by transflection layer 460 carry out transmission and to light described in external emission, thus showing
Image is shown in area.
On the contrary, if the light transmission shaft of the transmission axle of the first reflective polarizer films 610 and the second reflective polarizer films 620 is vertical each other
It is straight, then polarization control panel 600 is driven with mask pattern, with the polarization direction to the light from liquid crystal display panel 100
It is converted.In more detail, polarization control panel 600 to it is emitting from liquid crystal display panel 100 and by second reflection
The polarization direction for the light that polarizing coating 620 polarizes is converted, and the polarization direction for the light converted by polarization control panel 600
It is converted again by the first reflective polarizer films 610.460 pairs of transflection layer are carried out by the light that the first reflective polarizer films 610 are converted
Transmission, and the PDLC layer 410 under open state is driven with transmission mode that liquid crystal is aligned in one direction, with according to
As former state to be transmitted through the light of the transmission of transflection layer 460 and to light described in external emission, image is thus shown in the display area.
Meanwhile when liquid crystal display panel 100 does not emit for displaying images smooth, the liquid crystal display device of white mode
It is displayed in white using the exterior light reflected by transflection layer 460, the first reflective polarizer films 610 and the second reflective polarizer films 620.
If the transmission axle of the transmission axle of the first reflective polarizer films 610 and the second reflective polarizer films 620 be it is parallel to each other,
Polarization control panel 600 is then driven with mask pattern, is converted with the polarization direction to incident light.In more detail, exist
In the liquid crystal display device of white mode in Figure 12,460 pairs of exterior light of transflection layer reflect, and under off state
PDLC layer 410 allows encapsulated liquid crystal 321 to disperse by random alignment and to the light reflected by transflection layer 460, thus shows
Show that area has opaque white.At this point, being used for since liquid crystal display panel 100 and PDLC layer 410 are in without formation
It is aligned under the off state of the electric field of liquid crystal, therefore does not need driving voltage.
That is, the liquid crystal display device of white mode is corresponding with without the non-driven state for consuming individual voltage, and
And there is the viewing area of white.It is penetrated in polarizing coating 610 and the second reflective polarizer films 620 through the light of transflection layer 460 by first
Each reflected, the brightness of white display picture becomes brighter as a result,.In more detail, transflection layer 460 has been penetrated
Light is mainly reflected by the first reflective polarizer films 610.Pass through Polarization Control in the polarization direction for the light for having penetrated transflection layer 460
After panel 600 is converted, secondary reflection is carried out by 620 pairs of light of the second reflective polarizer films.Secondary reflection light it is inclined
After vibration direction is converted by polarization control panel 600, light is by entering PDLC layer 410 through the first polarizing coating 610.
On the contrary, if the light transmission shaft of the transmission axle of the first reflective polarizer films 610 and the second reflective polarizer films 620 is vertical each other
Straight, then polarization control panel 600 is driven, according to transmission mode to transmit incident light as it is.In more detail, thoroughly
The light for crossing transflection layer 460 is mainly reflected by the first reflective polarizer films 610.In the light for having penetrated transflection layer 460 through polarization
After control panel 600, secondary reflection is carried out by 620 pairs of light of the second reflective polarizer films.In the polarization side of the light of secondary reflection
To after being converted by polarization control panel 600 and converted later by reflective polarizer films 610, light enters PDLC layer
410。
As described above, in liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, even if due to not providing
Under the non-driven state of independent power supply, viewing area also can have the appearance of white, thus, for example the aesthetic effect of household electrical appliances can be with
Improved.In addition, the first reflective polarizer films 610 and the second reflective polarizer films 620 and polarization control panel 600 are further set
It sets between transflection layer 460 and liquid crystal display panel 100, thus the brightness of white display picture becomes brighter.
Meanwhile even if liquid crystal display device according to the present invention the non-driven state of liquid crystal display panel 100 the case where
Under, specific image can also be shown by being patterned to first electrode 450 and second electrode 420, to drive driving
PDLC layer 410 and the first electrode 450 and second electrode 420 for independently driving institute's composition.
Figure 13 A, Figure 13 B and Figure 13 C are to show the first electrode 450 of composition according to the present invention and showing for second electrode 420
Example diagram.
3A, Figure 13 B and Figure 13 C referring to Fig.1, in reflection dispersion layer 400, when watching in the plane, for driving
The first electrode 450 and second electrode 420 of PDLC layer 410 are divided and are patterned into multiple regions.It in more detail, can be with
Dispersion layer 400, which will be reflected, according to first electrode 450 and the divided region of second electrode 420 is classified as first area 700 and the
Two regions 710, first area have opaque white, and second area in the non-driven period of liquid crystal display panel 100
710 have black or any other color in the non-driven period of liquid crystal display panel 100.
When the non-driven period in liquid crystal display panel 100 with aforementioned decentralized model to drive PDLC layer 410 when, with first
The corresponding reflection dispersion layer 400 in region 700 has white.In reflection dispersion layer 400 corresponding with second area 710, PDLC
Layer 410 may include the pigment with black or particular color, to show black in the non-driven period of liquid crystal display panel 100
Or particular color.Second area 710 has particular color in the non-driven period of liquid crystal display panel 100 in display area
Appearance or the specific picture of display.
For example, as shown in figures 13 a and 13b, second area 710 with read clock information or can be display manufacture
The region of the log of quotient.In addition, as shown in fig. 13 c, second area 710 can be divided into multiple regions according to matrix arrangements,
And different images can be shown for each of the multiple region.
Can there will be the reflection dispersion layer 400 being patterned as described above to first electrode 450 and second electrode 420
Display device be embodied as portable electronic device 800 as shown in figure 14, and be in locking in portable electronic device 800
Read clock or specific picture can be actuated in the case where state (or idle state).
As described above, display device according to the present invention has the following advantages that.
In the display device according to the invention, since PDLC layer and transflection layer are arranged on a display panel, i.e.,
Make in the case where not providing the non-driven state of independent power supply, viewing area also can have the appearance of white, thus such as household electrical appliances
Aesthetic effect can be improved.In addition, further the first reflective polarizer films and the second reflective polarizer films and polarization are controlled
Panel processed is arranged between transflection layer and display panel, and the brightness of white display picture increases as a result, thus aesthetic effect
It can be improved.
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention the case where
Under, various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention.Therefore, the present invention is directed to cover to fall into appended claims and its wait
The modifications and variations that the present invention is carried out in the range of valence object.
Cross reference to related applications
This application claims the preferential of the South Korea patent application No.10-2015-0061061 submitted on April 30th, 2015
The content of the South Korea patent application is merged into herein by quoting, as explained herein comprehensively by power for all purposes
It releases general.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of display device, the display device include:
Display panel；And
Dispersion layer is reflected, the reflection dispersion layer is arranged on said display panel,
Wherein, the reflection dispersion layer includes:
First substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate are facing with each other；
Polymer dispersed liquid crystals PDLC layer, the PDLC layer is between the first substrate and the second substrate；
First electrode, the first electrode is between the first substrate and the PDLC layer；And
Transflection layer, the transflection layer are disposed between the PDLC layer and the second substrate, to from the display panel
Transmission is carried out to the light of external emission and is reflected from external incident light,
Wherein, the transflection layer serves as second electrode,
Wherein, anti-by the transflection layer when the display panel is in an off state and the PDLC layer is in the open state
The light for the incidence penetrated is transmitted by the PDLC layer and the display device is driven to act as to described outer
The mirror that portion is reflected, and
Wherein, the PDLC layer is opened by the predetermined electric field formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
2. a kind of display device, the display device include:
Display panel；And
Dispersion layer is reflected, the reflection dispersion layer is arranged on said display panel,
Wherein, the reflection dispersion layer includes:
First substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate are facing with each other；
Polymer dispersed liquid crystals PDLC layer, the PDLC layer is between the first substrate and the second substrate；
First electrode, the first electrode is between the first substrate and the PDLC layer；
Second electrode, the second electrode is between the PDLC layer and the second substrate；And
Transflection layer, the transflection layer are disposed between the PDLC layer and the second substrate, to from the display panel
Transmission is carried out to the light of external emission and is reflected from external incident light,
Wherein, anti-by the transflection layer when the display panel is in an off state and the PDLC layer is in the open state
The light for the incidence penetrated is transmitted by the PDLC layer and the display device is driven to act as to described outer
The mirror that portion is reflected, and
Wherein, the PDLC layer is opened by the predetermined electric field formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
3. a kind of display device, the display device include:
Display panel；And
Dispersion layer is reflected, the reflection dispersion layer is arranged on said display panel,
Wherein, the reflection dispersion layer includes:
First substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate are facing with each other；
Polymer dispersed liquid crystals PDLC layer, the PDLC layer is between the first substrate and the second substrate；
First electrode, the first electrode is between the first substrate and the PDLC layer；
Second electrode, the second electrode is between the PDLC layer and the second substrate；And
Transflection layer, the transflection layer are disposed between the second electrode and the second substrate, to from the display surface
Plate carries out transmission to the light of external emission and reflects from external incident light,
Wherein, anti-by the transflection layer when the display panel is in an off state and the PDLC layer is in the open state
The light for the incidence penetrated is transmitted by the PDLC layer and the display device is driven to act as to described outer
The mirror that portion is reflected, and
Wherein, the PDLC layer is opened by the predetermined electric field formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
4. a kind of display device, the display device include:
Display panel；And
Dispersion layer is reflected, the reflection dispersion layer is arranged on said display panel,
Wherein, the reflection dispersion layer includes:
First substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate are facing with each other；
Polymer dispersed liquid crystals PDLC layer, the PDLC layer is between the first substrate and the second substrate；
First electrode, the first electrode is between the first substrate and the PDLC layer；
Second electrode, the second electrode is between the PDLC layer and the second substrate；And
Transflection layer, the transflection layer are disposed in the side the second substrate, opposite with the second electrode, to from institute
Display panel is stated to carry out transmission to the light of external emission and reflect from external incident light,
Wherein, anti-by the transflection layer when the display panel is in an off state and the PDLC layer is in the open state
The light for the incidence penetrated is transmitted by the PDLC layer and the display device is driven to act as to described outer
The mirror that portion is reflected, and
Wherein, the PDLC layer is opened by the predetermined electric field formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
5. according to claim 1 to display device described in any one of 4 claims, the display device further include:
Polarization control panel, the polarization control panel are disposed between the reflection dispersion layer and the display panel, with
The polarization direction of the incident light from the display panel is controlled；
First reflective polarizer films, first reflective polarizer films be located at the reflection dispersion layer and the polarization control panel it
Between；And
Second reflective polarizer films, second reflective polarizer films are between the polarization control panel and the display panel.
6. display device according to claim 5, wherein the polarization control panel includes:
Third substrate and tetrabasal, the third substrate and the tetrabasal are facing with each other；
Liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer is between the third substrate and the tetrabasal；
Third electrode, the third electrode is between the third substrate and the liquid crystal layer；And
4th electrode, the 4th electrode is between the liquid crystal layer and the tetrabasal.
7. display device according to claim 5, the display device further include:
Back light unit, the back light unit are disposed in the side display panel, opposite with the reflection dispersion layer, with
Towards the display panel irradiation light；And
First polarization layer, first polarization layer are disposed between the display panel and the back light unit, to from institute
The light for stating back light unit irradiation is polarized,
Wherein, second reflective polarizer films are inclined for second for being polarized to the light emitted from the display panel
Shake layer.
8. display device according to claim 5, wherein first reflective polarizer films and second reflective polarizer films
With transmission axle parallel to each other.
9. display device according to claim 5, wherein first reflective polarizer films and second reflective polarizer films
With transmission axle perpendicular to one another.
10. according to display device described in any one of claim 2 to 4 claim, wherein when watching in the plane
When, the first electrode and the second electrode are divided and are patterned into multiple regions.
11. display device according to claim 10, wherein the first electrode and second electrode of institute's composition are independently driven
It is dynamic.
12. display device according to claim 10, wherein be divided according to the first electrode and the second electrode
Region, the reflection dispersion layer includes first area and second area, non-drive of the first area in the display panel
There is opaque white, the second area has scheduled color in the non-driven period of the display panel during dynamic.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020150061061A KR102294757B1 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2015-04-30 | Display device having polymer dispersed liquid crystal |
| KR10-2015-0061061 | 2015-04-30 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106094315A CN106094315A (en) | 2016-11-09 |
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| CN201610282501.2A Active CN106094315B (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-04-29 | Display device with polymer dispersed liquid crystals |
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|---|---|
| US (2) | US10545365B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR102294757B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN106094315B (en) |
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| US11852916B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2023-12-26 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Display device including a circular polarizer and method of manufacturing the same |
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| JP7078352B2 (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2022-05-31 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | Electro-optics, display device |
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| CN108932011B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2021-07-13 | 联想（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Viewing angle changing film and electronic device |
| JP7122314B2 (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2022-08-19 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | Optical devices, displays and electronics |
| JP2019095591A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-06-20 | シャープ株式会社 | Display device |
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| US10545365B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
| US20200110292A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
| KR20160129936A (en) | 2016-11-10 |
| US20160320644A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
| KR102294757B1 (en) | 2021-08-30 |
| CN106094315A (en) | 2016-11-09 |
| US10663787B2 (en) | 2020-05-26 |
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