CN106094042B - A kind of analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence and reparation - Google Patents
A kind of analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence and reparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106094042B CN106094042B CN201610387012.3A CN201610387012A CN106094042B CN 106094042 B CN106094042 B CN 106094042B CN 201610387012 A CN201610387012 A CN 201610387012A CN 106094042 B CN106094042 B CN 106094042B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
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Abstract
The invention discloses the analog detection experimental rig of a kind of coal field Mining subsidence and reparation, including framework, fixing piece, side plate, framework includes bottom plate, column and securing plate；Bottom plate includes the separable left bottom plate being made of the identical plank of two sizes and right bottom plate, and side is equipped with drilling before and after left bottom plate and right bottom plate, so that left bottom plate and right bottom plate is hinged and connected by bolt；Column is installed in the quadrangle of bottom plate, and column is fixed on the corner of bottom plate；The top of framework and the middle part of column are equipped with securing plate by fixing piece；Side plate is in the rectangular-shape in overhead, and side plate is placed in framework, is connected by fixing piece between the side plate and side plate and framework of different direction.The present invention can provide a kind of multiduty suitable device and research method as the carrier of the correlativity of reclamation engineering of land qualitative factor after research ground penetrating radar echo signals and mining overburden structure change, ground fissure and damage for the monitoring and improvement of coal field Mining subsidence.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of physical analog test apparatus of Mining subsidence more particularly to a kind of coal field mining overburden knots
The device of the simulation test of the Gpr Signal inverting of structure variation, ground fissure and reclamation engineering of land.
Background technology
Calculate according to related data, to the year two thousand fifty, the ratio that coal resources disposably consume the energy in China is still up to
50%, while coal resources large-scale development, land subsidence is also resulted in, damages, cover, ground fissure takes place frequently.Empirical data table
It is bright, the average often ten thousand tons of coals of exploitation in the whole nation, surface subsidence 0.2km2, and in Shandong Province, this degree that collapses is up to 3 mu/ten thousand tons.
In China, cultivated land resource and coal resources are simultaneously deposited the present situation being superimposed and are become apparent, and the area of coal grain recombination region has accounted for national plough
The 10% of ground area, good farmland is impaired quite severe, exacerbates the contradiction between China human mortality and land resource, coal resources are adopted
Dynamic damage rule and land reclamation work are particularly important.
Currently, being directed to the research of the damage rule of coal resources, compared with field monitoring, numerical simulation, analog material
Simulation test is a kind of simple, effective method, similar by geometric similarity, time by kinematic similarity principle
Etc. principles, simulate mining active process in sand coated iron mold variation.However, large-scale analog platform cost is relatively expensive, single does reality
The cost tested is relatively large, and the acquisition generally use close-range photogrammetry equipment of data obtains.
Also, the direct form of expression of the ground fissure as coal field Land destruction, the monitoring technology of plane distribution state
It is relatively ripe, usually there are the technologies such as field monitoring, INSAR/D-INSAR, 3 D laser scanning and GNSS, and for ground
The research of the underground developing condition in crack is relatively fewer, live filling and injecting slurry, excavation mode produce little effect, developmental morphology is not
It is bright.
In addition, the existing policy requirements of country, mining area damage soil follows the principle of " who is destroyed, who reclaims ", it is desirable that passes through
Certain engineering measure, makes it restore to original state and production capacity, and Ministry of Land and Resources has carried out a land reclamation more than nearly 500
The construction of demonstration area, it is also that extremely urgent, traditional drilling excavates, is existing that the quality of reclamation engineering of land, which fast and effectively monitors,
Field sampling can not meet existing needs.
In conclusion needing to seek a kind of Detection Techniques, it is intended to go the above-mentioned damage monitored in coal production process and repair
Multiple some problem.Ground Penetrating Radar utilizes the dielectric between the penetration capacity and medium of electromagnetic wave as a kind of fine Detection Techniques
The difference of constant can carry out the fine detection of the information such as latent atural object, layer position according to the feature of echo-signal.Ordinary circumstance
Under, it before actual detection, generally requires to carry out related simulation test indoors, however, this multiduty test carrier
But it is rarely reported.Therefore, it is directed to this present situation, researches and develops a kind of multiduty simulation test with similar mat-erial experimental rig, it can be with
Carry out ground penetrating radar echo signals and mining overburden structure change, with ground fissure distribution characteristics, with reclamation engineering of land quality because
The research of several correlativities, and then carry out Demonstration Application, there is certain realistic meaning and practical value.
Invention content
For the problems of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simulation of coal field Mining subsidence and reparation spies
Experiment device is tested, research ground penetrating radar echo signals and soil after mining overburden structure change, ground fissure and damage can be used as
The carrier of the correlativity of ground Reclamation Engineering qualitative factor provides a kind of multipurpose for the monitoring and improvement of coal field Mining subsidence
Suitable device and research method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence and reparation, it is characterised in that：Including framework, fixation
Part, side plate, the side plate are transparent panel, are in the rectangular-shape in overhead, side plate is placed in framework, between the side plate of different direction
And be connected by fixing piece between side plate and framework, at least one set of opposite side plate is equipped with window or hole.
The framework includes bottom plate and column；The bottom plate include be made of the identical plank of two sizes it is separable
Column is installed in the quadrangle of left bottom plate and right bottom plate, the bottom plate, and column is fixed on by angle iron on the corner of bottom plate.
Side is equipped with drilling before and after the left bottom plate and right bottom plate, so that left bottom plate and right bottom plate is hinged and connected by bolt.
The top of the framework and the middle part of column are equipped with securing plate by fixing piece.
The securing plate is the cyclic structure of batten composition；Securing plate adjusts collapsing length by bolt.
Described device further includes the moving track fixed on the ground being made of two parallel grooves；The left bottom plate
It is separately installed with universal wheel with right bottom plate lower part, the universal wheel is in two rows, parallelly distribute on；The spacing of two groove center lines is equal to
Distance between the parallel universal wheel of two rows.
The material of the groove is the non-sensitive material of ground penetrating radar echo signals response, and the compression strength of groove can prop up
The weight of support frame body and its contained soil body.
Preferably, groove material is wood materials, compression strength perpendicular to grain：Tangential/whole radial direction in local radial/part/
It is all tangential to should be greater than 30/40/20/30 kgf/cm2.
The lower middle portion of the forward and backward side plate is equipped with openable window.
The circle of the placement entrance of pipeline when being detected as simulation underground pipe of different pore size is arranged at the bottom of the forward and backward side plate
Hole, the circular hole are symmetric；The identical entrance as moisture survey meter probe of spacing is distributed on the left and right side plate
Circular hole.
A kind of analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence and reparation, including framework, fixing piece, side plate, it is described
Side plate is transparent panel, is in the rectangular-shape in overhead, and side plate is placed in framework, between the side plate of different direction and side plate and frame
It is connected by fixing piece between body, described device further includes being connected with former and later two side plates to simulate the demarcation strip of ground fissure,
The demarcation strip is made of at least one section plank, and it includes upper adjusting block, lower adjusting block and shaft often to save plank, and upper adjusting block is under
Adjusting block is hinged and connected, and is connected with forward and backward side plate by shaft.
The plank thickness of the demarcation strip is gradually reduced from top to bottom, can simulate the sharp crack that goes out.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having following obvious advantage：
The analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence proposed by the present invention and reparation can be used as research to visit land mine
The correlativity of reclamation engineering of land qualitative factor after up to echo-signal and mining overburden structure change, ground fissure and damage
Carrier provides a kind of multiduty suitable device and research method for monitoring and the improvement of coal field Mining subsidence.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the moving track of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the fixing piece of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the left side of the present invention（It is right）The structural schematic diagram of side plate.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the demarcation strip of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structure top view of the column of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the securing plate of the present invention.
Before Fig. 8 is of the invention（Afterwards）The structural schematic diagram of side plate.
Before Fig. 9 is of the invention（Afterwards）The structural schematic diagram of side plate alternative construction.
Figure 10 is the 1 equipment therefor structure total figure of experiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the 2 equipment therefor structure total figure of experiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the 3 equipment therefor structure total figure of experiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figs. 1-5, the present invention is supplied to a kind of analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence and reparation,
It includes framework, moving track, fixing piece, side plate and demarcation strip.Wherein：
Framework includes universal wheel 12, left bottom plate 14, right bottom plate 15, securing plate 16 and column 17, wherein left bottom plate 14, the right side
Bottom plate 15 is connected by bolted splice, and bolt is installed in the circular hole that the outside of the two interface is reserved respectively, solid by iron plate
It is fixed to be connected.
Left bottom plate 14,15 lower part of right bottom plate are separately installed with 4 universal wheels 12, it is contemplated that the bearing capacity of universal wheel 12, it is excellent
The universal wheel diameter D of choosing is 10cm.Universal wheel 12 should be greater than 5cm apart from the boundary of bottom plate, distributional pattern in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, left
The universal wheel 12 at right both ends is on the same line.
Four angle points of bottom plate are equipped with column 17, and column 17 is in strip, rectangular-shaped.Pass through fixing piece and bottom plate 14,15
It is connected, it is contemplated that column 17 needs to bear lateral load, and the framework is reinforced by securing plate 16.Securing plate 16 is mostly wooden
The cyclic structure of item composition.On the top of framework, securing plate 16 is installed by bolt and fixing piece；The middle part of column 17 passes through solid
Determine part and bolt and securing plate 16 is also installed.
In view of the scalability of test model, single securing plate 16 is by 73 groups of expansion plate 71, cage plate 72 and mounting hole
At length is adjustable, and expansion plate 71 is embedded within cage plate 72, and the two is slidably connected, as shown in Figure 7.Expansion plate 71 is adjusted to cover
The length of securing plate 16 can be changed in length in reserve in plate 72, and dilatability is up to 20cm.The installation bolt in mounting hole 73, can
The stroke of fixed expansion plate 71.
Since this experimental rig can be used for the change modeling research of mining overburden structure, the size of framework is based on kinematic
The principle of similitude is designed.Wherein：Geometric similarity ratio is 1:100-1:200, the seam mining that buried depth is 400m can be simulated；
The width of framework, should also meet the detection demand of the ground exploring radar antenna of 750MHz or more the high frequencies of mainstream, and antenna can be in framework
Middle freely dragging.Preferably, the length of framework is 4-6m, is highly 2-3m and width 0.6m.
Moving track is the preferred path of framework movement, is made of groove 21 and groove 22, is bolted on ground
On.The centreline space of groove 21 and groove 22 is away from equal to the distance between two groups of parallel universal wheels 12.Groove 21,22 can be held
Framework and its quality of included soil are carried, the solid wood board that material is 5cm, compression strength perpendicular to grain are preferably constituted：Local radial/office
Portion is tangential/all radial/all tangential should to meet 30/40/20/30（kgf/cm²）.
On this basis, side plate is placed in framework.Side plate includes the orientation of front, rear, left and right 4, the identical Asia of thickness
Gram force plate between the side plate and side plate and framework of different direction, is connected by fixing piece with bolt, in the rectangular of overhead after installation
Body shape.Preferred acrylic board thickness is not less than 3cm.
Consider that simulation coal seam is excavated, it is preceding（Afterwards）The lower middle portion of side plate also has openable window 81,81 length of window, width
Degree is the 1/2-2/3 and 1/5-1/4 of front side board.
Consideration can simulate the needs of reclamation engineering of land quality-monitoring, left（It is right）The identical circle of spacing is distributed on side plate
Hole 41 and graduation mark 42, circular hole 41 are distributed in pairs, and as the entrance of moisture survey meter probe, graduation mark 42 is noted with centimeter apart
Note.The reserved circular hole aperture of the present apparatus and circular hole spacing, disclosure satisfy that the demand of high-precision TDR measurement device, preferred aperture
It is respectively 0.3-0.6cm and 3-5cm with spacing.To meet the needs of information inverting of layer position and statistical data difference analysis, often
3-5 group circular holes pair are laid every 20cm, as shown in Figure 4.
In addition, preceding（Afterwards）Side plate also has alternative construction 9, and the circular hole of different pore size is arranged at the bottom of front side board 91 and back side panel 92
93, the placement entrance of pipeline, is symmetric when as underground pipe analog detection, and preferred circular hole aperture is φ 110mm, φ
90mm, φ 75mm and φ 50mm.
Demarcation strip 5 is by upper adjusting block 51, lower adjusting block 52 and to turn to simulate a special construction of FISSURE EXPLORATION
Axis 53 forms.Upper adjusting block 51 is hinged and connected with lower adjusting block 52, and is connected with forward and backward side plate by shaft 53.5 appearance of demarcation strip
State is adjustable, considers that the complex shape in crack, demarcation strip 5 are not limited to the structure of 2 adjusting blocks.The thickness of adjusting block 51,52
Difference can simulate shallow through crack and the sharp crack that goes out.
Since this experimental rig is designed by simulation test for Gpr Signal inverting, it is contemplated that metal medium pair
The related structure of the response characteristic of electromagnetic wave strong reflection, the design uses the materials such as wooden and acrylic as far as possible, but considers
To the stability of experimental rig and the demand of special test, the present invention can also by relation to component processing at any applicable material
Matter, and it is not limited to two kinds of above-mentioned materials.Furthermore the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned connection structure and connection methods, can also
The types of attachment such as commonly buckle using those skilled in the art.
It is specific to operate according to the analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence and reparation that above-described embodiment provides
Method is as follows：
（1）The analog detection of mining overburden structure change is tested
1. installing the framework 1 of the present apparatus：According to the block diagram of research area's Strata Overlying The Seam, adopting depth, adopting for coal seam is obtained
Thick, working face size and production practice determine and are based on kinematic geometric similarity ratio and sufficient mining condition, basic herein
On, according to this similar proportion, determine the size of framework.By floor, column, fixing piece, securing plate and universal wheel, according to implementation
Method fits together described in example, constitutes the framework of the present apparatus.
2. installing moving track and side plate：According to the spacing of universal wheel, two grooves of moving track are fixed on ground
On, and 5 acrylic side plates are fixedly linked with framework, wherein forward and backward side plate selection has the structure that can open window, forward and backward
It is symmetrical that window can be opened, as shown in Figure 10.
3. building similar material model：It is similar according to geometric similarity, material according to block diagram and each layer overlying strata attribute
Principle carries out dispensing and fills framework, form similar material model, waits after stablizing, according to kinematic similarity principle, time scale
Numerical value is the extraction of square root of geometric similarity coefficient.In conjunction with the per day exploitation rate of working face, the frequency and size excavated are determined.
4. ground penetrating radar detection is tested：Ground exploring radar antenna is placed on the similar material model platform of excavation, is carried out
Detection is repeated several times, radar image is interpreted, the response characteristic of radar echo signal is extracted, binding model is actual to be caving
Situation establishes related relationship between the two, the damaged degree of qualitative or quantitative analysis rock stratum, can also be according to a certain specific
Layer position（Such as bottom plate）, obtain the data such as the deflection of earth's surface and each rock stratum.
（2）The analog detection of ground fissure
Present apparatus framework 1, moving track 2 installation with（1）In it is identical, the analog detection of ground fissure should install demarcation strip,
Research to carry out the Effect on Detecting of complicated ground fissure as shown in figure 11 can following different operation：
1. installing fragmenting plate：According to scheduled simulation effect, adjusting block number, size and the thickness of demarcation strip are determined, it will
Demarcation strip is mounted on the centre of framework, and such way is the ground fissure of single-width.
2. expanding test device：When carrying out more width ground fissure analog detections, the connection of left and right two pieces of bottom plates can be gone
It removes, opens the retractable structure of securing plate, adjust stroke and by universal wheel in the movement of moving track, reach on this basis
To the purpose for adjusting fracture width.In addition, when simulating the detection study of fine cracks, demarcation strip can be removed, by left and right
Bottom plate moves towards, and reaches this purpose.
Detection operations with（1）It is identical, by the studies above, the radar signal response of the ground fissure of different in width can be simulated
Feature inquires into the feasibility and effect of ground fissure lossless detection.
（3）The analog detection of Reclamation Engineering quality
The characterization of Reclamation Engineering quality is the fields monitorings such as thickness of earth covering, layering, pipeline be embedded, in this example, needs
Before installation（Afterwards）The alternative means of side plate, it is as shown in figure 12, specific as follows：
1. installing alternative means：Framework install with（1）In it is identical, left and right side plate installation contain round-meshed side plate, it is preceding
（Afterwards）Side plate is equipped with alternative construction, and the pvc pipe of different pore size and stainless steel tube are embedded in circular hole, again on down with
Table soil, cubsoil and subsoil laying, constitute test model.
2. radar detection：Detection mode with（1）In it is identical, pipeline, the different attribute soil body pair of unlike material can be carried out
The response characteristic of radar echo signal forms empirical equation and data.
The embodiment of the present invention is illustrated above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, it can be with
The purpose of innovation and creation according to the present invention makes a variety of variations, under the Spirit Essence and principle of all technical solutions according to the present invention
The changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications done should be equivalent substitute mode, as long as meeting the goal of the invention of the present invention, only
Otherwise the technical principle away from the present invention and inventive concept, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the analog detection experimental rig of a kind of coal field Mining subsidence and reparation, it is characterised in that：Including framework, fixing piece,
Side plate, the side plate are transparent panel, are in the rectangular-shape in overhead, and side plate is placed in framework, and side plate includes front, rear, left and right 4
A orientation is connected between the side plate of different direction and between side plate and framework by fixing piece, at least one set of opposite side plate
Equipped with window or hole；The framework includes bottom plate and column；The bottom plate include by the identical plank of two sizes form can
Column is installed in the quadrangle of the left bottom plate of separation and right bottom plate, the bottom plate, and column is fixed on by angle iron on the corner of bottom plate；
Side is equipped with drilling before and after the left bottom plate and right bottom plate, so that left bottom plate and right bottom plate is hinged and connected by bolt；The framework
Top and the middle part of column securing plate is equipped with by fixing piece；The securing plate is the cyclic structure of batten composition；Add
Solid plate adjusts collapsing length by bolt；Described device further includes the shifting fixed on the ground being made of two parallel grooves
Dynamic rail road；The left bottom plate and right bottom plate lower part are separately installed with universal wheel, and the universal wheel is in two rows, parallelly distribute on；Two is recessed
The spacing of groove center line is equal to the distance between the parallel universal wheel of two rows.
2. the analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence as described in claim 1 and reparation, it is characterised in that：It is described
The lower middle portion of forward and backward side plate is equipped with openable window.
3. the analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence as described in claim 1 and reparation, it is characterised in that：It is described
The circular hole of the placement entrance of pipeline, the circular hole when being detected as simulation underground pipe of different pore size are arranged at the bottom of forward and backward side plate
It is symmetric；The circular hole of the identical entrance as moisture survey meter probe of spacing is distributed on the left and right side plate.
4. the analog detection experimental rig of coal field Mining subsidence as described in claim 1 and reparation, it is characterised in that：Including
Framework, fixing piece, side plate, the side plate are transparent panel, are in the rectangular-shape in overhead, side plate is placed in framework, different direction
Side plate between and side plate and framework between be connected by fixing piece, described device further includes being connected with former and later two side plates
To simulate the demarcation strip of ground fissure, the demarcation strip is made of at least one section plank, and it includes upper adjusting block, downward often to save plank
Locking nub and shaft, upper adjusting block are hinged and connected with lower adjusting block, and are connected with forward and backward side plate by shaft.
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| CN107741254B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-10-29 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of multifunctional monitoring device of coal field mining subsidence soil damage |
| CN112184902B (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2022-09-02 | 东华理工大学 | Underground mining face inversion method for boundary crossing mining identification |
| CN116125051A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-05-16 | 江苏长路智造科技有限公司 | Grouting repair performance standardized indoor test method |
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| CN202886623U (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2013-04-17 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Stratum measurement simulation apparatus |
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